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Its high efficiency combined with low price made it very popular in our country. However, due to serious side effects It is recommended to use this medicine with extreme caution. Poisoning with analgin can be caused by even a small overdose, which in especially severe cases can be fatal. In most developed countries, the sale of analgin has been prohibited due to its side effects since the 70s of the twentieth century. This drug is used in Russia, but has been excluded from the list of Essential Medicines since 2009.

Side effects of analgin

Analgin provides negative impact on the hematopoietic organs, kidneys. It can also cause allergic reactions, including anaphylactic shock.

The most dangerous is the effect of analgin on the composition of the blood. When taking it, the level of white blood cells - leukocytes, which perform a protective function, neutralizing pathogens that have entered the body, decreases. There is also a decrease in the number of platelets responsible for blood clotting.

A drop in the level of leukocytes leads to a weakening of the immune system, which becomes unable to control the microflora that lives on the mucous membranes. As a result, the mucous membranes of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, genitals, liver, lungs, and bladder become inflamed and then affected by ulcers and necrosis. Agranulocytosis develops - dangerous disease, in which death often occurs. It is precisely because of the danger of developing agranulocytosis that the sale of metamizole sodium was banned in the USA, Japan, Australia, and most European countries.

Complications of agranulocytosis can include:

• pneumonia;
• liver damage – toxic hepatitis;
• necrotizing enteropathy is an intestinal lesion in which there is a high risk of intestinal perforation, leading to peritonitis and sepsis.

A decrease in platelet levels - thrombocytopenia - poses a danger internal bleeding, cerebral hemorrhages.

The negative impact of this drug on the kidneys is manifested by such violations of their functions as the appearance of protein in the urine, a reduction in the amount of urine, up to the complete cessation of its production. Inflammation of the kidneys – nephritis – may develop.

These side effects more often occur with an overdose of analgin, but in cases of individual intolerance, even after a single dose of this medication, drug agranulocytosis may develop, or allergic reactions such as angioedema, bronchospastic syndrome, anaphylactic shock, which in 10-20% of cases ends in death, may occur. outcome.

Causes of intoxication with analgin

Is it possible to get poisoned with analgin? Of course, the consequences of this poisoning can be very severe, even death. The cause of poisoning with analgin is most often its overdose - systematic or one-time, but other factors may also occur:

• individual intolerance;
• overdose of analgin due to its excessive use for prolonged pain;
• simultaneous use with drugs that increase the toxicity of analgin: oral contraceptives, tricyclic antidepressants, allopurinol, cytostatics, thiamazole, other non-steroidal analgesics;
• disorders of the liver and kidneys. In this case, the drug cannot be eliminated from the body in a timely manner, and its concentration increases above the permissible values;
• An overdose of analgin in children can occur when medications are stored in places accessible to children.

Clinical picture of intoxication

In acute poisoning with analgin, the following symptoms are usually observed:

• nausea, vomiting;
• abdominal pain;
• decrease in body temperature and blood pressure;
• rapid heartbeat (tachycardia);
• drowsiness;
• dyspnea;
• the appearance of disorders of consciousness, delirium;
• convulsions, difficulty breathing;
• bleeding of mucous membranes;
• decreased urine production;
• there may be signs of liver and kidney failure;
• symptoms of acute agranulocytosis may appear: sore throat, weakness, fever up to 39-40 ° C, stomatitis, putrid odor from oral cavity, spasm of the larynx.

First aid

If symptoms of analgin overdose appear, you must immediately call ambulance. Before her arrival, the patient needs to induce vomiting, then give him activated carbon in the amount of 1 tablet for every 10 kg of weight. Since one of possible complications Analgin overdose causes necrotic enteropathy; an enema cannot be given due to the risk of intestinal perforation. To cleanse the intestines, it is recommended to use a saline laxative.

If the patient has lost consciousness, it is necessary to lay him on his side to avoid retraction of the tongue, and try to return him to a conscious state by allowing him to inhale ammonia vapor.

Treatment

Analgin overdose is treated in a hospital. The patient is shown:

• gastric lavage;
• bowel cleansing with saline laxatives;
• taking activated carbon;
• use of forced diuresis;
• in case of impaired renal function - hemodialysis;
• for convulsive syndrome - therapy with anticonvulsants (barbiturates, diazepam).

After symptoms resolve acute poisoning the patient is examined and prescribed additional treatment identified diseases caused by analgin overdose.

Prevention

Analgin is one of the most effective painkillers and antipyretics among non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This drug is easily soluble in water and has rapid absorption, which is a valuable quality when it is necessary to quickly achieve the required concentration of its active substance in the blood.

However, despite all the advantages, taking into account the side effects and consequences of an overdose of analgin, it is better to reduce its use to a minimum, replacing it, if possible, with other, less dangerous drugs.

Permissible doses

Analgin is available in tablets and ampoules and can be administered intramuscularly or intravenously. It is taken orally after meals. Adults are allowed to take 0.25-0.5 g three times a day, with severe pain maximum daily dose – no more than 3 g.

Dosage for children – no more than 10 mg/kg three times a day. In infancy it is only permissible intramuscular injection to relieve feverish syndrome.

In the form of injections (intramuscular or intravenous) (for severe pain), the dose for adults is 1-2 ml 2-3 times a day of a solution of 50% or 25% concentration. The total daily dose is no more than 2 g. For children, the norm is calculated based on the proportion of 0.1-0.2 ml of a solution of 50% concentration or 0.2-0.4 ml of a 25% solution per 10 kg of weight.

Lethal dose analgin, depending on body weight, can be 5-8 g. To find out how many tablets contain a lethal dose, you need to divide this amount by the mass of the active substance in one tablet. After entering the body of analgin in such an amount, preventing fatal outcome possible only in case of emergency medical care. It must be remembered that even if the recommended dosage is observed, it is not recommended to take analgin for a long time.

Contraindications

An important condition for preventing poisoning with analgin is strict adherence to contraindications to the use of this medicine. These include:

• individual intolerance, as well as a tendency to allergic reactions, hay fever, atopic bronchial asthma;
• diseases of the hematopoietic system, leukopenia, anemia;
• kidney disease, including a history of it;
• liver/renal failure;
• asthma;
• pregnancy (especially the first 3 and last 1.5 months);
• breast-feeding;
• the first 3 months of a child’s life;
• alcoholism.

Contraindications also include treatment with medications that are poorly compatible with analgin. These include indirect anticoagulants, hormonal contraceptives, tricyclic antidepressants and many other drugs.

Precautions

Individual intolerance to analgin is rare, but such individuals are highly likely to develop anaphylactic shock, especially when administered intravenously, so people prone to allergic reactions are advised to avoid injections of analgin.

When treating with analgin for a long period of time, it is necessary to periodically do a clinical blood test to monitor the level of leukocytes and platelets.

When taking analgin, you should remember the danger of developing agranulocytosis and carefully monitor changes in your health. You should be alert to the appearance of symptoms such as difficulty swallowing and sore throat, a rise in temperature without apparent reason, the appearance of bleeding and inflammation of the mucous membranes, signs of stomatitis, vaginitis, proctitis. All of these conditions require evaluation and immediate discontinuation of this drug.

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Consequences of analgin overdose

Analgin, or metamizole sodium, is used as an antipyretic and analgesic agent. It is produced as a single drug under various trade names, and also included complex means. And a consumer who does not have medical or pharmaceutical education, often does not know about this and can increase the daily dose of metamizole sodium, resulting in an overdose of analgin, which will cause death.

Causes of metamizole sodium poisoning

Analgin poisoning is possible in the following cases:

• if you drink a lot of analgin accidentally or deliberately, for example, the tablets can be found and eaten by a child or a mentally ill person, you can confuse the medicine or dosage, take several full or partial analogues of metamizole sodium at the same time, or deliberately take the drug for the purpose of committing suicide or staging it;
• excessive use of analgesic for relief chronic pain, poisoning with analgin can occur when taken in large doses for more than a week;
• taking the drug for severe pathologies of the liver and kidneys, since the active substance is destroyed when passing the hepatic barrier and is excreted from the body in the urine; in case of diseases of these organs, they do not cope with their function and, as a result, the amount of metamizole sodium in the blood increases;
• simultaneous use with certain medications, since the toxicity of analgin increases if it is taken together with other non-narcotic analgesics, sedatives and tranquilizers, tricyclic antidepressants, hormonal oral contraceptives, allopurinol, radiocontrast agents, plasma replacement fluids and penicillin antibiotics.

Lethal dose of analgin

Analgin taken in therapeutic dose, can cause the death of the patient. Death can occur as a result of an allergic reaction (especially when the drug is administered intravenously), development of renal and liver dysfunction, and bronchospasm.

The lethal dose of analgin for a person can be 5-20 g. This dosage depends on body weight, concomitant diseases of the liver and urinary system, method of administration of the drug, concurrent use of other medications and other factors.

Analgin is available in dosages of 0.5 g, and for some, 10 tablets can already cause death. It is especially dangerous for children of preschool or early age to drink a pack of analgin. school age, since they have low body weight and overdose symptoms develop faster.

If you poison yourself with analgin, you can die from infectious complications, which occur atypically and are difficult to respond to therapy. Less commonly, the cause of death of a patient may be acute renal or liver failure or paralysis of the respiratory muscles. The cause of death may be internal hemorrhages.

Clinical picture of analgin intoxication

Signs of acute and chronic poisoning with metamizole sodium will be different. If an overdose of analgin is observed, then the hematopoietic organs, liver, kidneys and sometimes lungs are primarily affected. When the drug is abused, the level of leukocytes and platelets in the blood drops.

Leukocytes are responsible for the state of the immune system; when their level decreases, pathogenic bacteria begin to multiply, which provokes the development of inflammation of the mucous membranes. On the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, stomatitis, gingivitis, periodontitis, and frequent sore throats can be observed; when it spreads to the digestive organs, ulcerations of the mucous membrane of various gastrointestinal organs develop, starting from the stomach and ending with the lower intestines.

In addition, the bronchopulmonary system may suffer from inflammation.

When platelet levels decrease, increased bleeding is observed; in severe cases, bleeding may occur, including internal bleeding.

The first signs of chronic intoxication will be the formation of long-term, non-healing ulcers in the mouth. Then the respiratory organs may suffer; a person experiences constant inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, bronchi and trachea, which are difficult to treat.

In the presence of concomitant lung diseases, long-term poisoning with metamizole sodium can provoke bronchospasm, which is characterized by coughing attacks and dyspnea, even in the absence of physical activity.

In case of chronic intoxication, urine analysis will show proteinuria and bacteriuria. If the liver suffers during an overdose, then bilirubinemia is observed in the blood. In this case, the skin and sclera are stained yellow, skin itching appears.

An acute overdose of analgin may have symptoms:

• dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting);
• stomach pain;
• decreased amount of urine excreted;
• decrease in body temperature and blood pressure;
• rapid heartbeat;
• dyspnea;
• tinnitus;
• hypersomnia;
• a sharp decrease in the level of leukocytes and, as a result, weakening of the immune system;
• delirium, disorder of consciousness;
• internal bleeding;
• severe pathologies of the liver and kidneys;
• spasms;
• paralysis of the respiratory muscles.

Providing first aid and treatment methods

It must be remembered that there is no specific antidote for analgin overdose. Treatment is symptomatic. The victim must call an ambulance and be taken to the hospital. Before the arrival of doctors, it is necessary to induce artificial vomiting. To do this, the patient is given clean boiled water to drink and pressed on the root of the tongue.

It must be remembered that vomiting should not be provoked in infants, pregnant women, elderly citizens and unconscious patients.

In case of vomiting small child To reduce the risk of vomit entering the respiratory tract, it must be placed face down on your lap. It is also worth taking adsorbents, for example, smecta, polysorb. You can give the victim a laxative or give an enema.

Under no circumstances should you give antiemetics, such as, for example, cerucal. Vomiting helps remove the drug from the body, and when it stops, the level increases. active substance in the blood and therefore its toxicity.

When admitted to the hospital, they may prescribe:

• gastric lavage through a tube;
• siphon enema;
• forced diuresis, the essence of which is to accelerate the excretion of urine from the body, and therefore the drug;
• hemodialysis;
• when a bacterial infection occurs, antibiotics are prescribed latest generation or reserve drugs;
• if convulsions occur, diazepam or barbiturates are injected into a vein;
• carry out symptomatic therapy.

Consequences of metamizole sodium poisoning

An overdose of analgin can have different consequences, depending on the duration and severity of intoxication, the speed of first aid, the presence of concomitant pathologies, and the age of the victim.

The following consequences may occur:

• death from an overdose of sodium metamizole;
• development of liver and kidney disorders;
• hemorrhages in internal organs with subsequent disruption of their function, the severity of which depends on the severity of the damage;
• due to disturbances in the functioning of the immune system, private infectious diseases.

Features of an overdose of metamizole sodium and first aid for children

The development of drug intoxication in children is most often observed when the dosage is calculated incorrectly. As a rule, acute drug overdoses are observed in pediatrics, cases chronic poisoning are rare.

Signs of intoxication in children are the same as in adults, but the danger is that they can increase too quickly. The younger the child, the faster spasms appear and loss of consciousness occurs. Therefore, in case of overdose, you need to call an ambulance as quickly as possible.

Before her arrival, if the child did not have time to swallow all the tablets, then take them out of his mouth. Give the adsorbent to drink. It can be activated carbon, neosmectin. In a child over 5 years old, if he is conscious, induce vomiting. Before the doctors arrive, give a child under 5 years old water, giving it in small portions. You can give your baby milk. It will help reduce the rate of adsorption of the drug. It is prohibited to feed a child who is poisoned with metamizole sodium.

Without giving in to panic, pack your things for hospitalization, which you cannot refuse. Any pharmaceutical drug can become poisonous. Knowledge of the clinical picture of intoxication will help to timely notice a threat to health, and possibly life. Timely assistance to the victim can prevent the development of severe consequences, and it is also possible to prevent the death of a patient from an overdose of any medication, including those based on metamizole sodium.

To prevent poisoning in a child, medications should be stored in an inaccessible place, or even better, locked up. Explain to older children that medications should not be touched. It is also unacceptable to take medications without a doctor’s prescription. Following these rules will help preserve your health and life.

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Analgin poisoning - symptoms, treatment and consequences of overdose

Analgin (metamizole sodium) is a white crystalline powder with a yellowish tint, belonging to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Its action is based on blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins, which ensures attenuation inflammatory process and reducing the intensity of pain.

To the main pharmacological effects metamizole sodium include:

• anesthesia;
• antipyretic effect;
• anti-inflammatory effect.

Metamizole sodium is the basis of such drugs as Baralgin, Pentalgin, Anapirin. The drug is available in tablet and injection form (ampouled solution with a concentration of 50% or 25%). Injection form often used to prepare a lytic mixture:

• Analgin 2 ml 50% solution;
• Papaverine 2 ml of 2% solution;
• Diphenhydramine 1 ml 1% solution.

When used correctly, Analgin is an effective and highly effective drug. It is prescribed for elevated temperature body, pain of any origin and location, inflammatory processes. However, the toxicity of the drug is quite high, so violation of the rules of administration leads to the development of a clinic of acute poisoning.

Mechanism of poisoning and therapeutic dosages

There may be several reasons for an overdose of Analgin. The most common is taking medication in doses significantly higher than therapeutic in cases of:

• Suicide attempts;
• Illiterate attempts at self-medication;
• Repeated repeated use in the absence of effect after taking a therapeutic dosage;

Problems also arise when Analgin is used in combination with other drugs that have similar action. The drug should not be taken in combination with drugs such as:

In rare cases, problems arise when taking Analgin in a general therapeutic dosage in case of impaired renal function. This happens:

• Slow elimination of the drug;
• Accumulation of increased doses of metamizole sodium in the body;
• Poisoning with Analgin.

Analgin in case of overdose has neurotoxic effect, in this case there is a disruption in the functioning of the vestibular apparatus, the mechanism neuromuscular transmission, higher nerve functions. It is also possible to disrupt hematopoietic processes, malfunction of the liver, kidneys and other internal organs.

The following dosages of Analgin are considered safe (that is, you can drink it per day) in various dosage forms:

By weight, but no more than 2-3 times a day

In pediatrics, an enema with Analgin solution can also be used. The dose of the medicine is 0.25 g (1/4 tablet).

When prescribing metamizole sodium to elderly patients, as well as people suffering from renal failure, therapeutic dosages reduce - the doctor makes a decision on this based on clinical examination and data on the rate of drug excretion by the kidneys.

Symptoms of an overdose of Analgin

The consequences of an acute overdose appear in the form of:

• Dizziness;
• General weakness;
• Nausea;
• Vomiting;
• Tinnitus;
• Heaviness in the head;
• Psychomotor agitation;
• Tachycardia;
• Pale skin;
• Hypothermia.

In severe cases, the patient may experience convulsions that involve the respiratory muscles, and the urine becomes pink or red. Cyanosis is noted, the patient plunges into a coma, which can reach 4-5 points on the Glasgow scale.

Long-term use of increased doses of Analgin is also harmful to the body - inhibition of hematopoiesis occurs, which results in agranulocytosis and granulocytopenia. In addition, the drug has negative impact on gastrointestinal tract, possible development of gastritis, stomach and intestinal ulcers, disruption of production processes hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Diagnosis of hematopoietic disorders is carried out using a laboratory method. Gastrointestinal pathology manifests itself in the form of:

• Heartburn;
• Pain in the epigastric region;
• Belching;
• Bloating;
• Hunger pain due to ulcers;
• Digestive disorders;
• Signs of gastrointestinal bleeding.

How acute form overdose of Analgin, and long-term chronic intoxication it can lead to the development of allergic reactions occurring in various forms:

• Urticaria - small rashes accompanied by itching;
• Allergic edema is severe swelling of one or another part of the body, developing due to hypersensitization;
• Anaphylactic shock is the most severe form of an allergic reaction, occurring with a sharp drop in blood pressure, centralization of blood circulation, and impaired cardiac and respiratory activity.

Allergic reactions are not always associated with taking large doses of the drug. If hypersensitivity exists, 1 tablet is enough to develop an allergy.

First aid

An acute overdose of Analgin requires immediate qualified assistance.

• The patient is given water to drink (up to 0.5 liters);
• Induce vomiting by pressing fingers on the root of the tongue;
• The vomit is assessed for the presence of tablets that have not yet dissolved;
• Repeat the procedure several times;
• Washing can be considered complete after the patient begins to vomit with clean water.

The above method of detoxification is unacceptable in case of confused or absent consciousness, psychomotor agitation patient, swallowing disorder. If there is no consciousness, the victim is placed on his side and left in this position until paramedics arrive.

Medical care provided by the EMS team consists of gastric lavage with a thick gastric tube, administration of enterosorbents at the rate of 1 tablet of crushed activated carbon per 10 kg of body weight. There is often a need to prescribe Relanium (convulsive syndrome), drugs that increase blood pressure (hypotension), antiemetics(continuous vomiting). Further, urgent hospitalization in the intensive care unit is required.

Continuous vomiting usually occurs if the patient took analgin and alcohol at the same time. This phenomenon often becomes life-saving for the patient, since alcohol, provoking vomiting, helps remove the pills from the stomach even before the ambulance arrives. The clinic of severe poisoning does not develop.

Treatment

The main principle of treatment of acute poisoning is the rapid removal of the xenobiotic from the patient’s body. In modern clinical practice, the following types of detoxification are most actively used.

Forced diuresis

The patient is given a large amount, up to 4-5 liters, of saline solutions and plasma substitutes, which increases the volume of circulating blood. After this enter loop diuretic(furosemide) in dosemg. The toxic substance is actively excreted by the kidneys, and it is necessary strict control diuresis, regular testing of hematocrit, acid-base balance, and electrolytes.

Stool stimulation

Almost any dangerous toxicant, after absorption, is re-released into the intestinal lumen. This makes the method of active detoxification by stool stimulation relevant. Castor oil (up to 400 ml per dose), magnesium sulfate solution 25% (take one ml at a time), and intestinal lavage are used as a laxative. The latter is the introduction into the stomach of a large amount (up to 8-10 liters per procedure) of saline enteral solution, which fully flushes the intestines and “pulls” fluid from internal environments body.

Antidote therapy

There is no specific antidote to analgin. As an antidote, a universal adsorbent is used - activated carbon in a dose of up to 1 kg for the entire course of treatment. For methemoglobinemia, 400 ml of sodium hypochlorite is administered intravenously.

Hemodialysis

The severe consequences of metamizole sodium poisoning require hemodialysis, a procedure based on filtering blood through a semi-permeable membrane. In this case, a double-lumen venous catheter is installed in the patient's femoral vein. Blood is taken through one outlet and returned through the second. In parallel with the procedure, the patient is given a massive infusion of saline solutions (Accusol, Duosol).

Resuscitation aid

The harm of Analgin is often so great that the patient requires resuscitation measures. Indications for transferring a patient to intensive care are:

• Lack of consciousness and coma;
• Convulsive syndrome;
• Urinary disturbances up to anuria;
• Signs of disruption of blood formation processes;
• Severe psychosomatic disorders;
• Allergy to Analgin, some symptoms of which can be life-threatening.

Patients in in serious condition intubated and put on artificial respiration, on which they can remain for a long time. Permanent is installed urinary catheter, which allows you to control diuresis, the patient is connected to a monitor that displays basic vital parameters.

Forecasts

In the absence of qualified medical care, an acute overdose of Analgin in most cases ends in death. Timely and competent detoxification can save the patient’s life, but it is not always possible to prevent the delayed consequences of intoxication. They may appear several years after the patient is discharged.

A dose of more than 5 grams of metamizole sodium taken at one time is considered lethal. In this case, resuscitation aid is often ineffective and the patient dies. The exception is patients with high body weight - in this case the lethal dose increases.

At correct use Metamizole sodium practically does not harm the body. However, if errors are made in calculating the dose and number of doses, Analgin can cause irreparable harm to human health.

Symptoms of analgin overdose and first aid for poisoning

Analgin or metamizole sodium is a classic analgesic with pronounced antipyretic properties, actively used to this day mainly in the CIS countries and the Russian Federation.

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug non-selectively blocks cyclooxygenase and reduces the production of prostaglandins; in addition, it has a low cost and is available in free pharmacies.

Excessive use of analgin can cause a number of problems, pathologies and acute conditions. Let's look at what happens if you take a lot of analgin (painkiller) tablets and how to determine an overdose.

How does analgin affect the body?

As mentioned above, metamizole sodium systemically blocks COX, and also slows down the production of arachidonic acid and prostaglandins, at the same time preventing the conduction of pain impulses and increasing heat transfer.

Analgin practically does not irritate the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, has little effect on water and salt metabolism, but at the same time, in addition to analgesic and antipyretic, it also has an antispasmodic effect of medium intensity, mainly on the biliary and urinary tract. The therapeutic effect begins to appear 30 minutes after oral administration drug and reaches its absolute maximum after 4 hours, after which it is excreted by the kidneys, having previously been metabolized in the liver.

Symptoms of analgin overdose

Let's consider what will happen if you take a lot of analgin (pain reliever) tablets. An overdose of analgin can be either acute (develops 3-5 hours after administration) or delayed chronic (negative manifestations develop after 3 days).

Primary manifestations include:

• Nausea and vomiting;
• Dizziness, tinnitus and confusion;
• General weakness of the whole body;
• Tachycardia, sometimes bradycardia;
• Paleness of the skin;
• Psychomotor agitation;
• Hypothermia.

In severe forms of overdose of metamizole sodium, there is a change in the color of urine (bloody discharge appears in it), systemic convulsions, including the respiratory muscles, cyanosis, in some cases– coma.

The chronic type of overdose is characterized by a smooth increase in negative symptoms with multiple disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract (heartburn, bloating, pain, digestive problems, gastrointestinal bleeding), failure of hematopoietic processes (granulocytopenia and agranulocytosis), allergic reactions (edema, urticaria, anaphylactic shock), kidney or liver failure.

First aid for adults and children

In case of an overdose of analgin, the victim should be provided with comprehensive pre-medical care. Classic activities for adults and children include:

• Induce vomiting immediately. This is carried out if no more than a minute has passed since consuming the drug. The best option– drinking 1-2 liters of liquid and pressing on the root of the tongue to induce the reflex;
• Use of sorbents. After the maximum possible emptying of the stomach, it is necessary to use direct sorbents (for example, activated carbon) per gram of the substance once (for children, the dosage is reduced by 2 times) and 10 grams every 4-5 hours for 1 day;
• Call an ambulance. If acute poisoning with analgin is suspected, before all measures it is necessary to promptly call a medical team to your home;
• Enema. As an addition to the main measures, after 2-3 hours after an overdose and in the absence of emergency medical help, you can use a salt enema (1 teaspoon of salt per 1 liter of boiled water at room temperature) to remove toxins formed in the intestines;
• Monitoring the patient's condition. The victim is placed on his side (to reduce the likelihood of suffocation or choking on vomit) and is under observation until the medical team arrives. In case of loss of consciousness, cotton wool with ammonia is used. If there is no breathing or heartbeat, basic resuscitation measures(indirect cardiac massage and artificial respiration).

Restoring the body after an overdose

After first aid has been provided and a medical team has arrived, in the case of acute analgin poisoning, a decision may be made to hospitalize the victim in a hospital. Doctors of the department intensive care carry out the following procedures for treatment and restoration of the body:

• Systemic gastric lavage. This is carried out if less than 4-6 hours have passed after taking the drug. Repeat several times if necessary;
• Connect to condition monitoring tools. In the event of a severe overdose, the victim requires constant monitoring of vital signs;
• Diuresis. Forcing urination allows you to quickly remove metamizole sodium metabolic products from the body in general and the kidneys in particular;
• Hemodialysis. Aimed at removing toxic breakdown products of analgin from the bloodstream using an extrarenal method;
• Drugs. Medications that support the basic functions of the body can be used - anticonvulsants (Relanium), “fast” barbiturates, antihypotonics, antiemetics, and so on. As a supplement, laxatives that activate the elimination of toxins through bowel movements;
• Additional therapy. It is used at a late stage of treatment - hepatoprotectors, antibiotics are used (in case of manifestation of secondary bacterial infections), glucocorticosteroids (neutralization of too strong an inflammatory process), antihistamines (combat allergic manifestations), probiotics and prebiotics (restoration of gastrointestinal microflora), drips with saline and glucose, as well as physiotherapy.

Consequences of analgin overdose and complications

An overdose of analgin tablets can cause a whole series both acute and chronic complications, as well as long-term consequences for the body, requiring additional complex therapy and recovery. Possible consequences:

• Urinary system. Oliguria, anuria, nephritis are diagnosed interstitial type, as well as impaired functioning of the kidneys and liver, up to their complete failure in the stage of decompensation;
• Allergic and autoimmune reactions. The most common manifestations are urticaria and angioedema. Less commonly - Lyell's syndrome, exudative erythrema of the malignant type, bronchospastic syndrome and anaphylactic shock;
• Cardiovascular system. Persistent decrease in blood pressure, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, hemorrhages in the heart and other organs (brain, intestines, kidneys, etc.);
• Chronic infectious lesions of the secondary type;
• Fatal outcome after an overdose of analgin;
• Other obvious and implicit complications caused by systemic intoxication, impairment of basic functions in acute period(for example, breathing) and malfunction of metabolic processes.

Analgin dosage for adults and children

Let's consider how many analgin tablets you can take at a time. Classic recommended dosages of the drug depending on the age group:

• From 10 to 14 years with a weight of one kilogram. Single dose 500 milligrams of metamizole sodium (or 1 tablet). Daily dose– up to 2 thousand milligrams of analgin (or 4 tablets);
• From 15 years and older with a body weight over 53 kilograms. A single dose is from 500 to 1 thousand milligrams (1-2 tablets). Daily dose – up to 4 thousand milligrams (8 tablets);
• Over 60 years old. The dosage for adults is reduced by 2 times.

Is it possible to die from analgin? The lethal dose of analgin in tablets varies within a very wide range and depends on the characteristics of a person’s metabolism, the presence of a number of diseases, the current state of organs (in particular the kidneys and liver), and the presence of concurrent use of other medications, method of drug administration and other factors.

As modern medical practice shows, high probability lethal outcome in the absence of prompt, correct first aid and complex intensive care in a hospital setting occurs with a single use of 5-20 grams of metamizole sodium.

Is it possible to take expired analgin?

Generally accepted medical standards prohibit the use of any medicines After their expiration date, they must be disposed of in the prescribed manner. Considering the low cost of the medicine, it is better to throw away tablets or ampoules that have expired, replacing them with new ones purchased from an official pharmacy chain.

However, in some cases (for example, the need to introduce the drug into the body as urgently as possible or a person is in a hard-to-reach place without the possibility of purchasing the drug), the use of expired analgin may be justified.

As shown clinical practice, with careful observance of storage conditions (dark place, complete isolation and tight packaging, correct temperature regime storage) metamizole sodium after the period of use recommended by GOST has been exhausted, retains its therapeutic properties for another 6-8 years. Moreover, during the process of oxidation and destruction of the substance during very long storage, no obvious toxic compounds are formed.

Hello!

Every mother probably thinks about her condition. I was prescribed Magne B6 throughout my pregnancy. I drank 2 packs and there were no side effects. After the birth of my son, when I had already stopped breastfeeding, I decided that I would need to take pills. My son turned 2 years old, and I’m like a dead lemon, like a dead battery. After reading the reviews, I decided to try Magnelis B6. As they say in advertising: Same magne, but cheaper.

Indications for use:

Established magnesium deficiency, isolated or associated with other deficiency conditions, accompanied by symptoms such as: increased irritability, minor violations sleep; gastrointestinal cramps; rapid heartbeat; increased fatigue; pain and muscle spasms, tingling sensation in the muscles.

Having read such words on the packaging, you will involuntarily believe in the benefits of these tablets. But like all medicines, there are side effects.

Side effect

stomach ache; constipation; nausea, vomiting; flatulence; allergic reactions.

At this point, I want to add right away. In my case, this is also a surprise.

Now, everything is in order. First day. First 2 tablets in the morning.

Directions for use and doses

Two hours after taking it, a hurricane began in my stomach. For lunch, take the next 2 tablets. And after lunch I got a knot in my stomach. After lunch, I took painkillers and forgot about these pills. The next day my stomach hurt, and I had no time for Magnelis, and then I completely forgot. A couple of weeks later, I remembered about them. and decided to start over. I also took 2 tablets. But here's the worst thing. I started having diarrhea. In the evening, nausea and vomiting. The last 2 are mentioned in the package, but where does the diarrhea come from? After some time, flatulence appeared. I vomited for 2 days. Then my mother said that she had appeared in our area intestinal infection.. Everyone gets sick and these are the symptoms. We all thought that I had just this infection, because after a couple of days my mother began to suffer, just like me. As a result, my stomach was tormented for a whole week, the flatulence did not go away (even my favorite black coal did not help)

I couldn’t even imagine that these were the same pills.

So. ta-dam. 2 weeks ago, I found this box by chance. Realizing that I was tired, I took 1 tablet at lunch. To be honest, after 2 hours there will be flatulence. After another 4-diarrhea. Then the whole evening it all continued, without stopping. My stomach was growling. The pain was severe. It seemed that my ovaries, then my kidneys, then my liver were hurting. In the evening I took Polysorb. I slept normally, but even in my sleep I heard my stomach growling)) In the morning I had diarrhea again. As a result: only after 36 hours (one and a half days) the diarrhea went away, and only 2 days after taking this 1 tablet, the abdominal pain went away. I'll throw away this box. Why should I torture myself? Apparently, I have a reaction that is not indicated in the box.

Price: 305 rubles. I didn’t even finish 1 blister. Therefore, money is down the drain.

My review about Monte-Vit

Contraceptive drugs (oral contraceptives) protect against unwanted pregnancy only if the woman strictly follows the schedule for taking them. The instructions for each of these remedies usually describe in detail what regimen should be used to take the remedy and what to do if several doses are missed. The algorithm of actions depends on which group the drug belongs to.

Violation of the regimen for taking combined oral contraceptives

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are drugs containing artificially synthesized analogues of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Tablets are sold in blisters (plates) of 21 or 28 pieces. To prevent a woman from getting confused about the dosage schedule, the pills are numbered.

Labeling by day allows you to avoid confusion in your contraceptive dosage regimen

Reception principle hormonal drugs simple: one tablet per day for 21 days, then a 7-day break between courses. Even if there are 28 tablets in a blister, only 21 of them contain hormone-like substances. The remaining 7 pieces are placebos, harmless mixtures that manufacturers add so that a woman takes one tablet a day and is guaranteed not to make a mistake with the start date of a new course.

Options for violating the COC dosage regimen:

• if a woman forgot to take a contraceptive pill on the first day of the course, she is allowed to start a new blister from the second (or even from the 3-5th) day. But for at least seven days during sexual intercourse it is necessary to use additional contraception (condoms);
• If one tablet is not taken from the 2nd to the 21st day, the woman should drink it immediately after she remembers. It takes 36 hours for the hormones contained in COCs to leave the body. Therefore, if no more than 12 hours have passed since the missed dose, additional contraception will not be needed. If the interval is more than 12 hours, you will have to take 2 tablets on one day (one missed, the second on schedule) and then use additional contraception for 7 days;
• if a woman forgot to drink 2 birth control pills from the 2nd to the 14th day, it is recommended to take 4 tablets over the next two days: the first - when you remember, the second - as scheduled, the third - after 12 hours, the fourth - as scheduled. Too much hormone can sometimes cause nausea. You must use barrier contraception until the end of the course;
• if two doses are missed in the period from the 15th to the 21st day or three or more doses are missed from the 2nd to the 21st day, the started blister is thrown away and a new one is started. During such intervals, there is bleeding, and when you resume taking the drug, there will be a failure menstrual cycle. You will have to use additional contraception for at least 7 days.
• If the blister contains 28 tablets, and a dose is missed from the 22nd to the 28th day, the extra tablets are thrown away, no additional measures are needed.

Violation of the regimen for taking progestin-only drugs (mini-pills)

Pure progestin preparations (PPC, mini-pills) contain minimal doses of progestin or desogestrel - synthetic analogues progesterone. Mini-pills are slightly less effective than COCs, but they are prescribed during lactation, and also when a woman is contraindicated combined contraceptives. You need to drink one tablet of ChPK daily, at a certain time. Interruptions in reception are unacceptable.

Options for violating the ChPK regimen:

• In the instructions for the drug it is always written what maximum time You can postpone your appointment. Progestin pills can usually be taken within three hours after the scheduled hour. For products containing desogestrel, this period is 12 hours. If a woman remembers to take a pill within the specified time, then no additional measures are needed;
• if one or more days are missed, the risk of conception increases significantly. It is necessary to return to the previous regimen (take one tablet per day), and use additional contraception until the start of your period.

Emergency contraception

If, after a woman forgot to take a contraceptive pill, unprotected sexual intercourse occurs, an unplanned pregnancy is very possible. Therefore, it is recommended to take emergency contraception for 1–3 days after sexual intercourse. But these remedies are most effective in the first 24 hours. If in due date If your period does not come, it makes sense to take a pregnancy test or consult a gynecologist.

However, it must be remembered that taking emergency contraception is permissible only in exceptional cases. Such tablets have a lot of contraindications: they are harmful to the liver and provoke the formation of blood clots.

To avoid having to take medications that are harmful to your health, it is better to strictly follow the regimen for taking combined or purely progestin medications. In case of deviation from it, it is necessary to use barrier contraception.

After all, when prescribing certain medications, the doctor expects that they will be used correctly.

Rule 1. Multiplicity is everything

When prescribing taking pills several times a day, most doctors mean a day - not the hours that we are usually awake, but all 24. Because the heart, liver and kidneys work around the clock, and, therefore, microbes work without a break for lunch and sleep. Therefore, taking tablets should be divided into equal intervals as much as possible, this especially applies to antimicrobial agents.

That is, with a two-time dose, the interval between taking each dosage should be 12 hours, three times - 8, four times - 6. However, this does not mean that patients should jump out of bed every night. There are not so many medications, the accuracy of administration of which is calculated minutely, and they are usually not prescribed in tablet form. But nevertheless, 2, 3, 4 times a day - this is not when it is convenient for the patient (“now and in an hour, because I forgot to drink in the morning”), but at certain intervals. To avoid interpretations when taking twice a day, for example, it is justified to prescribe specific time taking the pill: 8:00 and 20:00 or 10:00 and 22:00. It’s more convenient for the patient, and it’s impossible to understand in both ways.

Rule 2. Compliance, or commitment to acceptance

With short courses of pills, things are more or less normal: we usually don’t forget to take them for a couple of days. It gets worse with long courses. Because we are in a hurry, because we are stressed, because it just slipped our minds. There is another side to the coin: sometimes people take medicine mechanically, half asleep, and then forget about it and take more. And it’s good if it’s not a potent drug.

Among doctors, before grumbling about this to patients, they suggest conducting an experiment on yourself: take a dark glass jar with 60 harmless tablets (glucose, calcium gluconate, etc.) and take one daily. There were many experimenters, but there were only a few of those who, after two months, had between 2 and 5-6 “extra” tablets left.

Everyone chooses ways to combat such “sclerosis” for themselves: someone puts medications in a visible place, ticks on the calendar help pedants, and alarm clocks and reminders help those who are especially forgetful. mobile phone etc. Pharmaceutical companies even produce special calendars where you can mark each appointment. Not so long ago (though, as usual, not in Russia) hybrid alarm clocks and mini-first aid kits appeared, ringing and dispensing a tablet at a certain time.

Rule 3. Before or after eating - this is important

According to their relationship with meals, all tablets are divided into groups: “anyway”, “before”, “after” and “during meals”. Moreover, in the doctor’s mind, the patient eats strictly according to the schedule, does not snack during breaks and does not drink tea. But in the patient’s mind, an apple, banana and candy are not food, but food is borscht with a cutlet and compote with pies. Unfortunately, these beliefs also contribute to improper medication use.

"Before food." To begin with, it’s a good idea to understand what the doctor means when he says “take 30 minutes before meals.” Does this mean that after taking the pill you need to eat a lot, or is the medicine just taken on an empty stomach?

In most cases, when prescribing medications “before meals”, the doctor means:

• that you did not eat anything (nothing at all!) before taking the pill;
• that at least for the specified period after taking the medicine, you will also not eat anything.

That is, this tablet should go into an empty stomach, where it will not be interfered with by gastric juice, food components, etc. From our own practice, we can say that this has to be explained many times. Because, for example, the active ingredients of drugs from the macrolide group are destroyed by an acidic environment. In this case, eating candy or drinking a glass of juice two hours before taking the medicine or an hour after can dramatically affect the result of treatment. The same applies to many other drugs, and it’s not just about gastric juice, but also about the timing of the drug getting from the stomach into the intestines, absorption disorders, and simply the chemical reaction of the drug’s components with food.

There are, of course, exceptions to this rule when you need to eat exactly within the specified period after taking it. For example, for gastrointestinal diseases or endocrinopathies. Therefore, for your own convenience, it is better to clarify what exactly the doctor had in mind when prescribing the drug “before meals”.

“While eating”: everything is clear here. Just again, check what to do and how much to eat with the pill, especially if your meals are organized according to the “Monday-Wednesday-Friday” principle.

“After meals” a significantly smaller amount of drugs is taken. As a rule, these include drugs that irritate the gastric mucosa or help normalize digestion. “Food” in this case often does not mean a change from three courses, especially if the drug needs to be taken 4-5-6 times a day. A limited amount of food will suffice.

Rule 4. Not all tablets can be taken together

Most tablets should be taken separately, unless taking a “bulk lot” is specifically agreed upon with your doctor. This is not very convenient, but it is impossible to conduct research on the interaction of all drugs in the world, and by swallowing tablets by the handful, it is easy to get an unpredictable effect already initial stage. Unless otherwise specified, at least 30 minutes should elapse between taking different medications.

Now about compatibility. Patients often like to bring their own creativity to treatment. For example, “I’m taking the medicine prescribed by the doctor, and since it’s probably harmful, it’s a good idea to take some vitamins or something else at the same time.” And the fact that vitamins can neutralize the medicine or lead to unpredictable consequences while taking the main drug is not taken into account.

Hepatorotectors, vitamins, combined agents for colds and herbs, recommended by your beloved grandmother, can be taken during treatment only after consulting with your doctor. If you are being treated by several specialists for different reasons, they should know about each other’s prescriptions.

Rule 5. Not all tablets have fractional dosages

There are different tablets, and not all of them can be broken to divide into several doses. Moreover, some tablets are coated, damaging which can affect the properties of the medicine. Therefore, the absence of a “dividing strip” should be alarming - most often such a tablet cannot be divided. And dosages of one-fourth or even one-eighth of a tablet also raise questions - it is almost impossible to measure correctly in such cases. If such a prescription was made by a doctor, you can ask him what the consequences are. Well, let’s not even talk about self-medication again.

Rule 6. Medicines, with rare exceptions, are taken only with water.

Not tea-coffee, not juice, not, God forbid, sweet soda, but personalized water - the most ordinary and non-carbonated one. There are even separate studies devoted to this issue.

True, there are certain groups of drugs that are washed down with sour drinks, milk, alkaline mineral water and other separately specified drinks. But these are exceptions, and they will definitely be mentioned when prescribing and in the instructions.

Rule 7. Chewable tablets are chewed, dragees are not crushed.

Direct prohibitions, as well as indications of special methods of use, appear for a reason. Chewable or sucking tablet, which you swallowed whole, will work after a different time or will not work at all.

The release form of the drug is also not chosen by chance. If the tablet has a special coating, it should not be crushed, broken or bitten. Because this coating protects something from something: active substance tablets from stomach acids, stomach from the active substance, esophagus or tooth enamel from damage, etc. The capsule form of release also says that the active substance should be absorbed only in the intestines and for a certain time. Therefore, capsules can only be opened as prescribed by a doctor, with an eye to the instructions.

Rule 8. There are special cases, but they must be assessed by a doctor

Different doctors have their own treatment regimens that have been tested over the years, and sometimes the dosage and method of taking drugs may differ for different groups of patients. In the same way, if there are characteristics of the patient ( concomitant diseases, individual reactions, etc.) the appointment can be adjusted specifically for this case. At the same time, the choice of a drug and the method of its use are influenced by factors that are not always obvious to a person without a medical education. Therefore, if your grandfather with hypertension took the same medications according to a different regimen prescribed by the best doctor in the world, this is not a reason to take them the same way. You need to take pills, like any other medicines, without doing anything on your own, and absolutely any innovations that have not been agreed upon with your doctor are unnecessary.

Leonid Shchebotansky, Olesya Sosnitskaya

Is it possible to take pills by the handful? And why?

This means that the doctor prescribed several different medications and according to the rules for taking them, it turns out that you end up taking several tablets at once, and there are 4-6 of them. Should I take it all at once or not?

Different tablets must be taken at different times, unless otherwise stated. That is, if the doctor prescribed pit pills 3 times a day after meals, then you should drink it that way. He may prescribe taking some tablets before meals, others after meals, and others during meals. all this must be observed. If the doctor has not specified or written down the time for taking the medications, then they should be taken as written in the instructions included with the tablets. For example, tablets such as aspirin and diclofenac should not be taken on an empty stomach, as you can spoil the stomach and get an ulcer. Some tablets must be taken half an hour before meals, since in order to have the desired effect they must enter and be absorbed in the intestines.

As for 4-6 tablets at a time, this is not a lot; previously, with pulmonary tuberculosis, patients took Pask tablets a piece at a time

How to take medications correctly?

Regardless of whether you take an analgin tablet once every six months or swallow a whole handful of pills three times a day, it is important to follow the rules for taking medications. After all, the quality of treatment and the absence of side effects depend on this. And often complaints that the medicine does not help are associated precisely with violation of the rules for taking medications. Therefore, you need not only to have a well-formed home first aid kit(the website “My Years” has already described how to do this), but also take the prescribed medications correctly.

Taking medications: basic rules

According to statistics, no more than 20% of all patients take medications correctly, and the rest either forget about the doctor’s recommendations or simply do not pay attention to them.

The instructions always write how often you should take the drug. It is very advisable to take medications strictly on an hourly basis, this allows you to maintain the desired concentration of the drug in the blood constantly. This is important for many drugs, for example, antihypertensives, antibiotics, hypoglycemic drugs, and hormonal drugs.

If it is written that the tablets should be taken twice a day, then this means 24 hours, that is, the drug is needed every 12 hours. For example, at 8 am and pm.

An exception is made for immediate relief medications: they are taken as needed, without any schedule.

For many drugs, the time of day is also important - this is due to the body’s biorhythms. Such features will also be written in the instructions or the doctor will tell you about it.

For example, antihistamines are taken in the evening. Painkillers are also taken in the evening, because at night the pain is always felt worse. Tonic medications are taken in the first half of the day, and sedatives in the second.

If there are several medications and they must be taken at a certain time, then you need to organize the process as conveniently as possible. A tablet holder will help out, where you can put everything necessary medications by time and day of the week. You can also set an alarm or reminder on your phone. This will help not only older people, because in the bustle of the day anyone can forget about the necessary pill.

You can print out the medication schedule and hang it in a visible place, remembering to mark taken pill and time.

By the way, recording the time of administration and dose is very helpful if we're talking about about medications for immediate relief. For example, in the case of antihypertensive drugs, antipyretics and painkillers. This will protect against accidental overdose, because many of these drugs can only be taken after a certain time. These records will also help doctors. If you had to call an ambulance, you will be able to clearly tell the doctor when and what you took.

If there are a lot of medications and you need to take them several times a day, it makes sense to buy a convenient pill box

What to do if you forgot to take your medicine on time?

If a little time has passed, then just drink the drug. And if the time is already approaching next appointment, then wait for it and take the usual dose. You should never take a double dose of medicine instead of the missed one!

3. No “medicinal cocktails”

This applies to those who are forced to take several medications at the same time. This often happens in the presence of some chronic diseases.

What to do in this case? Of course, it’s easier to swallow all the pills in one fell swoop, but you can’t do this. Each drug is taken separately with an interval of 30 minutes.

If you take adsorbents, for example, polysorb, enterosgel, activated carbon, smecta and the like, then you must take a break between this drug and other medications, since otherwise the sorbent will bind and remove the drug from the body. This is always written in the instructions. It is usually recommended to wait between 30 minutes and 1.5 hours.

Medicines always come in a form that facilitates their better absorption. Therefore, if the instructions say “chew”, “crush” or “put under the tongue until completely dissolved”, you need to do just that. For example, it is better to chew or crush regular aspirin, so it gets into the blood faster and causes less trauma to the stomach.

Lozenges should not be swallowed or washed down.

Coated tablets cannot be crushed, as the coating protects the contents from gastric juice.

The capsules are also not opened, since the gelatin shell ensures the safety of the drug and its prolonged action.

Naturally, effervescent tablets must be dissolved in water, and use the amount specified in the instructions.

Tablets that can be divided are equipped with special notches.

Do not swallow tablets while lying down - this may lead to nausea, vomiting or heartburn.

Yes, it really does matter. There are several reasons for this: some drugs irritate the gastric mucosa and, taking them on an empty stomach, you can give yourself gastritis or an ulcer. Another reason: the degree of absorption of the drug. Stomach contents can greatly reduce the effectiveness of the pill you take.

And the interaction of drugs with different products and drinks - this is a separate topic for discussion.

Not all medications indicate a relationship with food intake. If the doctor has not given any special instructions, then it is better to take the medicine half an hour before meals, then the degree of absorption will be high.

Many people wonder what this means: before, after and during meals.

Before meals - usually a maximum of 30 minutes before meals

After eating - after a maximum of 60 minutes

On an empty stomach - one minute before eating

If the medication schedule does not coincide with the diet, and the drug needs to be taken after or during meals, this can be solved simply: you can drink kefir, yogurt, milk, or eat something small. The main thing is that the medicine does not go into an empty stomach.

General recommendation: it is best to take any tablets with water, and clean water at that. For example, boiled, settled or filtered. There are also exceptions to these rules, but they are usually written about in the annotation for the drug and the doctor can also tell you about it.

All about medicine

popular about medicine and health

Any medications should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor. But even with the correct prescription, you need to know how to take the pills correctly, understand general rules taking medications.

First of all, you need to remember that different tablets It is recommended to take separately, at least with a short break, and not all at once, by the handful. The fact is that taken all at once, they can not only act worse, but also have an undesirable effect.

The drugs must be compatible. If different drugs prescribed by one doctor, he will certainly make sure that they do not antagonize each other. But if, for example, a therapist prescribed you some medications, a neurologist - others, and an endocrinologist - others, then be sure to go back to the therapist or consult with a pharmacist who will explain how to take the pills correctly. It is possible that some medications will have to be replaced with safe analogues.

Do not hope for a quick result and do not increase the dose of the drug yourself without waiting for the desired effect. Most tablets begin to work within minutes.

Do not take medications while lying down. They can linger in the esophagus, causing heartburn, nausea and vomiting.

Do not chew capsule medications. A shell made of gelatin, agar or other substances ensures delivery of the drug to the stomach, where it dissolves without a trace. In addition, many capsules are long-acting medications that do not need to be taken several times a day. The shell ensures the gradual release of the contents and cannot be damaged.

For many medications, it matters when to take them - before or after meals. Usually the doctor who prescribes the drug specifies the time of administration. The package with tablets contains instructions that indicate the time of taking the drug and how to take the tablets correctly. Here are examples of taking some medications.

Acetylsalicylic acid and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

These medications should be taken only after meals. It is better not to swallow soluble tablets whole, but to dissolve them in the amount of water indicated in the instructions; regular tablets should be crushed or chewed and washed down with milk or mineral water without gas - then they enter the blood faster and do not irritate the mucous membranes. If the amount of liquid is not indicated, remember that one tablet should be taken with at least half a glass of water.

It is better to take these medications with water only, not milk or tea with milk. Calcium, which is contained in milk, reacts with antibiotics (especially tetracycline) and forms poorly soluble compounds.

Wash it down with a glass of mineral water without gas. These drugs often cause kidney problems and alkaline drink fixes this problem.

Take under the tongue, dissolve until completely dissolved, without drinking anything.

These tablets should not be taken with any type of tea, coffee, cocoa, Coca-Cola or Pepsi-Cola. If this is not done, hyperactivity and insomnia occur, since contraceptives reduce the body's ability to break down caffeine. It is best to drink them with plain water.

Clean water at room temperature or table water mineral water without gas - best liquid for washing down most tablets. But there are people who like to take their medicine with something tasty. Special recommendations for them.

First of all, remember that in acidic environment Most drugs lose their properties or they are significantly weakened. Therefore, you should not take the tablets with sour juices.

Grapefruit juice is not compatible with drugs that reduce blood cholesterol, immunosuppressants, erythromycin, oral contraceptives, some anticancer drugs, Viagra and its analogues. In addition to all of the above, grapefruit juice reduces the effect of antibiotics and does not remove drugs from the body, which often results in an overdose.

Cranberry juice is not compatible with anticoagulants, if simultaneous administration Gastrointestinal bleeding may occur.

The instructions for most drugs contain a warning about incompatibility with alcohol. Don't try to ignore it. The combination of alcohol with antihistamines, insulin, tranquilizers and antihypertensives leads to increased drowsiness. Antibiotics with alcohol cause a rush of blood to the head, dizziness, and nausea. Nitroglycerin under the influence of alcohol changes its effect and does not provide the necessary reduction in heart pain. Antipyretic tablets are given along with alcohol swipe along the gastric mucosa.

Regarding how to take pills correctly depending on the time of meals. Enzyme preparations that improve digestion, such as the popular mezim, should be taken directly with meals.

Spicy foods and citrus fruits should not be taken an hour before or after taking the pills, so as not to irritate the stomach and intestines.

It is better to take antidepressants with a diet that does not contain cheese, soy sauce, yeast, caviar, or avocado. Otherwise, you will be guaranteed severe drowsiness and high blood pressure for the whole day.

Hormonal medications must be taken with protein foods.

Knowing how to take pills correctly, you can help your health and improve the health of your family and friends.

How to take several tablets

Do you, when you leave a therapist who has just prescribed you a course of treatment that includes several drugs, completely forget how and when to take them? If you forgot, you are not alone. These are the majority. Result: medications do not help and even cause harm. If you want the pills to provide health benefits, take them correctly.

1. Take different pills separately, rather than all at once. This way you will avoid many side effects.

2. Check medications for compatibility. For example, if a therapist prescribed you one medicine, a urologist prescribed another, a cardiologist prescribed a third, and a gastroenterologist prescribed a fourth, be sure to return to the therapist or consult a pharmacist. This way you will prevent their contradictory interaction by replacing the medicine with a safe analogue.

3. Do not expect immediate results from medications and do not take a double dose without waiting. Most tablets begin to work within minutes.

4. Do not swallow medications while lying down. Otherwise, they may begin to decompose in the esophagus, leading to heartburn, nausea and vomiting.

5. Do not chew or twist capsules. The gelatin shell ensures the “delivery” of the drug as intended - to the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, many of the capsules are so-called prolonged-release products that no longer need to be taken several times a day. The shell provides a slow release of the drug and should not be damaged.

Cautions for each drug

Aspirin. This medicine should be taken only after meals. Dip the soluble tablet in exactly the amount of water indicated in the insert, and it is better to crush or chew an ordinary tablet and drink it with milk or mineral water: then it will enter the blood faster and will not unnecessarily irritate the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract.

Sulfonamides. They should be washed down with a glass of mineral water. These drugs often cause kidney problems, and drinking plenty of alkaline water will relieve the problems.

Oral contraceptives. These pills should not be taken with tea, coffee, or Coca-Cola. If this recommendation is not followed, hyperactivity and insomnia may occur because contraceptives reduce the body's ability to break down caffeine.

Antibiotics. They should be taken half an hour before meals. And it is better to drink them with water rather than milk, since the calcium contained in milk reacts with antibiotics (especially tetracycline) and forms poorly soluble compounds.

Nitroglycerin, glycine. They must be dissolved without drinking anything.

How to take your pills

Boiled water at room temperature is the best drink for most tablets.

Grapefruit juice. It cannot be combined with drugs that lower blood cholesterol, immunosuppressants, erythromycin, oral contraceptives, some antitumor drugs, Viagra (and its analogues). Grapefruit juice does not remove drugs from the body. The result is an overdose.

Cranberry juice. Anticoagulants - drugs that reduce blood clotting - cannot be combined with it. Otherwise, bleeding may occur in the gastrointestinal tract.

Alcohol. The annotation for many tablets contains a warning about incompatibility with alcohol. Thus, the combination of alcohol with antihistamines, insulin, tranquilizers and tablets that lower blood pressure will lead to increased drowsiness, which is especially dangerous for motorists. Antibiotics, when mixed with alcohol, will cause a rush of blood to the head, dizziness and nausea. Nitroglycerin under the influence of alcohol changes its effect and will not bring much-needed relief to the heart. Antipyretic tablets combined with alcohol will cause a massive blow to the mucous membranes of the stomach.

How to take medications

Enzyme preparations that improve digestion should be swallowed directly during meals.

Do not mix aspirin with spicy foods or citrus fruits an hour before or after taking the tablets, so as not to irritate the stomach and intestines.

It is better to take antidepressants on a diet that excludes foods such as cheese, yeast, soy sauce, fish roe, and avocado. Otherwise, severe drowsiness and high blood pressure will ruin your day.

Hormonal drugs require mandatory proximity to protein foods. Vitamins require fats for good absorption.

Drugs that regulate digestion, on the contrary, with fatty foods don't match.

Time to take medications

Heart and asthma medications are taken closer to midnight.

Medicines for ulcers - early in the morning and late in the evening to prevent hunger pains.

Of course, you yourself know very well about all this. But... they forgot. Print this leaflet if you take any medication regularly for a chronic condition. And you don’t have to bother remembering.

How to take pills correctly

What does it mean to “take the pills correctly”? This means taking them as indicated in the attached instructions. The doctor gives the same recommendations when prescribing medications. Failure to follow these instructions may result in the tablets not having a therapeutic effect or even causing harm to the body.

When taking medications, you need to pay attention to the following points:

Relationship between medication and food intake;

Possibility of “fractional” dosages;

Liquid for washing down;

Medicines must be taken by the patient at certain intervals. If the doctor prescribed taking pills 2 times a day, then the break between doses should be 12 hours; 3 times a day – 8 hours, 4 times a day – 6 hours. Those. medication doses should be distributed evenly throughout the day, and not just during the period of wakefulness. This especially applies to taking antibiotics.

Relationship between medication and food intake

Some tablets can be taken regardless of meal time; it is very convenient for the patient. But, unfortunately, there are not so many such tablets.

Medicine prescribed “before meals” should be taken on an empty stomach or at least 4 hours after the previous meal. The stomach should be free of food and gastric juice, because in an acidic environment, these drugs are simply destroyed.

Taking the medicine “with food” is simple and clear.

“After meals”, tablets are prescribed that normalize digestion or irritate the gastric mucosa.

By the way, even food is considered small quantity food (apple, banana, glass of compote), and not necessarily a full lunch. Breakfast or dinner.

If you are prescribed several medications at the same time, you need to find out from your doctor whether you can take all of these pills at once or take some kind of break between taking them. The interaction of drugs with each other has not been studied for all drugs, and if the doctor does not allow you to take all the prescribed tablets at once, “by the handful,” then you need to wait half an hour between taking different medications.

Possibility of “fractional” dosages

Sometimes it is cheaper for a patient to buy tablets of a larger dosage than prescribed and take them, breaking them into 2 or even 4 parts. But this cannot be done with all tablets. Coated tablets cannot be crushed at all. If the tablet has a separating strip, such a tablet can be broken. The absence of such a strip means there is no guarantee that when you break the tablet you will receive the required dose.

Liquid for washing down

With rare exceptions, you can only take pills boiled water room temperature. Neither tea, nor coffee, nor juice are suitable for washing down medications.

Some medications need to be taken with alkaline mineral water, milk or acidic drinks, but these are exceptions, and they are always written about in the instructions.

Some tablets need to be chewed, they are called “chewable tablets”. There are tablets that need to be dissolved in the mouth. Medicines in pill form should be swallowed whole without biting. These instructions must be followed, otherwise the tablets will not have a therapeutic effect or will have a much later effect.

Follow your doctor's instructions and carefully read the instructions that come with your medications so you can take your pills correctly.

MEDIMARI

"Your health is in your hands"

How to take pills correctly

Since childhood, we have associated the treatment of ailments with taking pills. Most often we don't think about them much. The doctor prescribed it, took the course, recovered and forgot. But as we age, we resort to their help more and more often. And then we realize that medicines not only treat, but also “mutilate.” But, unfortunately, you can’t do without them. It's time to find out if there are subtleties in the order of taking various medications. We are interested in the following questions:

1. What time of day is best to take the pills?
2. What does it mean: “drink on an empty stomach, during or after meals”?
3. How does the pill prescribed to us interact with food and other medications?

With rare exceptions, there are no exact and detailed answers to these questions in the drug annotations. And many doctors who prescribe treatment usually forget to talk about the peculiarities of taking certain pills.

Pharmacological companies are not required to indicate such nuances, and doctors learn about this only if any emergency situations and only then can they warn the patient that be careful, for example, do not take medications with juices, especially citrus fruits.

Features of drug interactions

Patients with chronic diseases often have problems due to the prescriptions of medications by doctors of different specialties. For example, the therapist prescribed aspirin, and the neurologist prescribed Nurofen. Both of these drugs are from the same anti-inflammatory group of NSAIDs. Taking both of these tablets, we get an excess amount of the active substance. Therefore, you need to tell each doctor what medications you are currently taking so that he can take into account their interactions and calculate the dose.

• Tip: Write down on a piece of paper the names and doses of the medications you take regularly, as well as those medications to which you are allergic. This is necessary so as not to make mistakes in the names and not forget anything.

And don’t be lazy, even though it’s hard to see small font annotations, arm yourself with a magnifying glass and read it. Pay special attention to the sections called “Composition” and “Interaction with drugs”, “Use” and “Contraindications”. If the medications you are taking contain the same ingredients, there is a risk of doubling your dose.

It is necessary to take into account that many medications interact poorly with dairy, fatty products, pickles, marinades, and chocolate.

The following drugs are considered unpredictable in combination with other substances:

• Antibiotics
• Antifungal
• Antiallergic
• Sleeping pills
• Antidepressants
• Paracetamol
• Statins
• Non-steroidal (diclofenac, cyclosparin)
• Anticoagulants (warfarin)

Usually the tablets are taken with water, but there are exceptions, which must be mentioned in the annotation. Some medications are washed down with milk, sour drinks, and alkaline mineral water.

Water-soluble B vitamins and vitamin C are taken either before or during meals. Fat-soluble vitamins, such as D, A, K, E - after meals. Vitamin complexes are taken immediately after meals.

It is better to take medications for high blood pressure before bed.

Heart patients take aspirin in the evening, since it is at night that blood clots in the vessels are most likely to occur.

Medicines for arthritis and arthrosis are taken during the day, since the pain usually intensifies in the evening.

• Take the pills grapefruit juice, it causes drug overdose
• Take medications with hot drinks
• Alcohol and medications are not compatible, especially paracetamol and cardiac glycosides
• Tea inhibits iron absorption. It has an effect on papaverine, aminophylline, caffeine, and cardiac drugs.
• Coffee and acid-reducing drugs and some antibiotics can cause seizures
• Not only should tetracycline antibiotics not be taken with milk, but it is even better to exclude it from the diet during treatment
• You can’t take vitamins and enzymes at the same time
• Herbal remedies are medicines. They either enhance or reduce the effect of the tablets. You need to consult a doctor.
• If the tablet does not have a separating strip, then reducing its dose by breaking it is incorrect. Some tablets have a coating that affects the properties of the medicine, protects the stomach, esophagus, tooth enamel from the active substance or, conversely, the active substance from gastric juice. And it is simply impossible to accurately maintain a lower dosage. The capsules show that the active substance must enter the intestines without affecting other internal organs.
• If you miss taking the drug as scheduled, you should not take a double dose.

Rules for taking medications

1. If you do not know about the interactions of medications prescribed to you, then it is better to take them separately, at least with an interval of 20–30 minutes.
2. Antimicrobial, antibacterial, hormonal and cardiac medications are taken strictly at regular intervals.
3. If it is prescribed once a day, then it means 24 hours. That is, the medicine must be taken every 24 hours. If 2 times a day, then every 12 hours. If 3 times a day, then every 8.
4. To be sure whether you took the pill or not, it is convenient to use:
   • Organizer boxes or pill boxes;
   • set an alarm clock (reminder) on your phone;
   • create a calendar with a checklist, similar to that what nurses in hospitals do, and check the boxes next to the name of the pill taken

“On an empty stomach, before, during, after eating” - what does this mean?

The terms “on an empty stomach” and “before meals” most often mean that in at the moment there should be no food in the stomach, while the acidity of the gastric juice is low and the gastric juice does not interfere with the action of the medicine. This applies not only to a full breakfast or lunch, but also neither an apple, nor candy, nor juice should be eaten. Typically, cardiac antiarrhythmic drugs, antiulcer drugs, antacids and others are taken at this time.

If the medicine must be taken “with meals,” it means that you have an organized diet. And it is better if you ask your doctor when it is best to take this medicine: during breakfast, lunch or dinner. And specify what foods should not be in the diet while taking the pill. Usually enzymes, laxatives, and some diuretics are taken with meals.

“After meals”, tablets are prescribed that irritate the gastric mucosa. These are diuretics, anti-inflammatory drugs, cardiac glycosides, sulfonamides, and bile-containing drugs.

1. It is better to take the medicine an hour before or after meals
2. drink only clean, non-carbonated water at room temperature, while standing, sitting or half-sitting
3. For one tablet you need at least half a glass of water
4. They drink the jelly beans and don’t bite them
5. Chewable tablets must be chewed without drinking
6. sucking tablets do not need to be swallowed, they therapeutic effect associated with tablet resorption
7. soluble tablets - dissolve in water
8. funds emergency assistance taken without following the schedule
9. Homeopathic medicines are taken separately from other medicines. When taking them, marinades, alcohol, tea and coffee should be excluded from the diet.
10. It is better to take erythromycin, aspirin with alkaline mineral water
11. indomethacin, diclofenac, nurofen washed down with milk

We must not forget that experienced doctors have proven treatment regimens and use them exclusively for each patient, taking into account his individual characteristics. Therefore, the best option is when the doctor explains the specifics of prescribing and taking certain medications, but the patient can also clarify the correctness of the doctor’s prescription. Don't be shy, write down your doctor's recommendations. Read the leaflets for medications. If it is unclear, please clarify. Your health depends on it.

On the pages of the MEDIMARI website you will find a lot of interesting and useful things. I suggest you look at the page: “Site Map”

4 comments

When you have to see a doctor due to ailments, this is already a fact of non-compliance with the requirements healthy image life. Unfortunately, the number of patients in queues to see doctors is not decreasing and the advice from the proposed article on how to take pills is exactly what this category of citizens needs. Very much needed information. Thank you.

Thank you very much for such important details. But sometimes, in a hurry, you wash it down with whatever you want.

So many useful tips and observations! The idea “for one tablet you need at least half a glass of water” is especially correct - but most people don’t adhere to it, they are so unaccustomed to drinking plain water that they wash down a handful of tablets with one or two sips of water, just to slip into the stomach, but this is wrong!

The main thing is to follow the rules prescribed by your doctor. Drink more water and fruit drinks. Be healthy!

How to take the pills correctly so that they work?

Often in the annotation to the medicine you can read “take after meals” or “half an hour before meals,” or there are no recommendations at all in the instructions. In addition, the doctor gives advice when prescribing the drug - drink it twice or thrice a day, or once at night, etc. Why are these instructions, what do they change in the action of the tablets, do they need to be strictly followed or is it not important ? Do food, time of day, and sleep affect how medications work? Let's figure it out.

Taking the pills correctly

The basic rule for taking any pills is the frequency of their use. When a doctor prescribes taking medications several times a day, most specialists mean the entire day as a whole, and not the waking time, which is about an hour (minus the time the patient spends sleeping from the day).

This is due to the fact that, despite the patient’s sleep, his body continues to work - the heart contracts, the liver actively processes drugs, and the kidneys excrete their remains in the urine. Accordingly, microbes or viruses also attack the body around the clock, and diseases do not go to sleep with their owner. Therefore, it is important to distribute the pills evenly over equal time intervals (if possible), especially if it is antiviral drugs, antibiotics or some other drugs.

Accordingly, if tablets need to be taken twice a day, the interval between their use should be approximately 12 hours. That is, they can be taken, for example, at 8.00 and 20.00. If this is a three-time dose, the interval is reduced to 8 hours, you can make a schedule like this - 6.00, 14.00 and 20.00.

Fluctuations in the interval of taking the drug of 1-2 hours are acceptable, and in order to take the pill it is not necessary to jump up on the alarm clock an hour earlier than expected; you can adjust the schedule to suit yourself. However, taking it three times a day does not mean chaotic use - without observing time intervals, as is convenient for the patient if he forgot to take the drug on time. That is, you cannot take the drug in the morning, then in the evening and two pills at once, after waiting 2-3 hours, because there was no time at work during the day. To avoid confusion, many experts indicate the approximate time of taking the medicine when prescribing it.

Full compliance with the duration of medication intake

Short courses of medication are often easier to follow. Usually the first few days the patient is more pedantic about his treatment, especially if he is feeling unwell. But, as it becomes easier, or if the course is long, the pills are taken less and less responsibly - and this is very bad! Often, the reason for skipping medications or stopping taking them is haste, stress, or forgetfulness. This leads to the fact that the treatment does not give the expected effect due to its incomplete course. There is another option: people take pills while half asleep or forget that they have already taken them, and then repeat the dose, which is already too much. If the medicine has a strong effective effects this could end sadly.

To combat this problem, it is proposed various options: placing pills in a visible place, a chart on the wall with ticks when taking pills, reminders on the phone or alarm clocks. Thus, for oral contraceptives, manufacturers have long begun to mark the days of the week or the dates of the month on the blister itself so that women do not forget to take the pill. There are also mobile applications to help you adhere to your treatment schedule. And recently hybrids have appeared - an alarm clock-first aid kit, programmable and dispensing a portion of the drug when the bell rings.

Connection with nutrition: before meals or after?

Human nutrition can significantly influence the activity of drugs and the rate of their absorption from the intestine into the blood. If we divide all the drugs in relation to their relationship with nutrition, there are several groups:

• Remedies that do not depend on meals
• Medicines that must be taken strictly before meals
• Medicines taken after meals
• Drugs that are taken with food.

In addition, according to the patient’s assumption, nutrition refers to regular meals in the form of breakfast, which is then followed by a full lunch and the same dinner. However, doctors say that frequent and incomplete snacks are also a meal, even eating a banana, tea with cookies or yogurt is nutrition. But, according to the patient, they are not considered normal meals. This means that taking medications without taking into account these snacks, but only main meals, will be incorrect from the point of view of complete absorption of the drugs.

Specificity of drugs in connection with nutrition

Drugs that require taking “before meals” assume that when taking the pill you are hungry, have not eaten anything at all, and will not eat anything for the period specified in the instructions (usually 30 minutes). Thus, the drug enters an empty stomach, in which it will not be disturbed by food components mixed with gastric juice. This is due to the fact that the activity of the drugs, if the patient allows himself just one piece of candy or a glass of juice, can be disrupted almost to zero, absorption in the intestines will suffer or the drug will simply be destroyed.

There are exceptions to the rules, especially with regard to the treatment of digestive disorders or endocrine pathologies. Therefore, you should always check with your doctor how to take the medicine correctly - strictly on an empty stomach or after waiting a couple of hours after you have eaten.

With drugs from the “during meals” group it is most clear, although it is worth checking with your doctor how large the meal should be and what components the diet should consist of, especially if you have an extremely irregular meal.

Taking medications “after meals” is uncommon. Usually these are means for normalizing digestive functions, stimulating the secretion of gastric juice or some others. It is also important to clarify with your doctor what is meant by nutrition in this case - any snacks or a large, hearty meal.

The situation is simplest with drugs that do not depend on food intake in any way; for them only the time interval for taking them is set.

Yarina is monophasic oral contraceptive. This means that all tablets in the package contain the same dose of hormones. One tablet of Yarina contains 30 mcg (0.03 mg) of ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg of Drospirenone.

One package contains one blister (plate) of Yarina for use for one month.

ATTENTION: The drug has contraindications. Do not start using this drug without first consulting your doctor.

Analogs

What reduces the contraceptive effect of Yarina?

The contraceptive effect of Yarina can be reduced by vomiting, diarrhea, taking large doses of alcohol, or taking certain medications. Read more about this here:

How to delay menstruation with the help of Yarin?

If you need to delay your period, then after finishing one package of Yarin, start a new blister the next day without taking a 7-day break. In this case, menstruation will be delayed by 2-4 weeks, but slight spotting may appear approximately in the middle of the next package.

Please note: you can postpone your period only if you took Yarin at least one month before unwanted menstruation.

Do I need to take long breaks from taking Yarina?

If you have been taking Yarina for more than 6-12 months, you may be wondering if you should take a break for a few months. You can read about how useful such breaks are by following the link:

What to do if you don’t have your period during a 7-day break from taking Yarin?

Carefully remember whether you took all the pills correctly last month.

If in the past month you had errors in taking pills (missing, being late), then stop taking Yarina pills until you are sure that you are not pregnant.

What should I do if I become pregnant while taking Yarina?

Pregnancy in case correct intake Yarin tablets are extremely rare. It is more likely that pregnancy occurred as a result of mistakes that you made in the previous month.

So, what to do if the test unexpectedly shows 2 stripes? First of all, stop taking the pills and contact your gynecologist.

Yarina's reception at early stages pregnancy cannot harm the health of your unborn child, so you can safely leave the pregnancy. In this case, start taking it as soon as possible.

Yarina's appointment before surgery

If you are undergoing a planned operation, then taking Yarin tablets should be stopped a month (4 weeks) before surgical intervention. This will reduce the risk of blood clots in the vessels. If the operation is required urgently, be sure to tell the surgeon that you are taking birth control pills. In this case, the doctor will take additional measures to prevent blood clots (with the help of medications).

You will be able to start taking Yarin 2 weeks after you are able to walk independently after surgery.

How often should you visit a gynecologist while taking Yarin?

Even if nothing bothers you, you need to visit a gynecologist for preventive care at least once a year.