Cough

What kills staphylococcus in the nose. Treatment of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus in the nose

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose is a fairly common phenomenon. This type of microorganism is one of the most common pathogenic agents for humans.

Very often they settle precisely on the mucous membrane of the nose or pharynx. Under their influence, rhinitis and pharyngitis develop, and in general the microbe is dangerous because it causes about a hundred different diseases. It is quite difficult to get rid of staphylococcus, since it is resistant to many antibiotics and highly resistant to various influences environment. Staphylococcal infection requires a very serious attitude both from the point of view of treatment and from the point of view of prevention and elimination of the factors that provoke it.

These microorganisms are found in both children and adults. Staphylococcus aureus (another name is aureus, from the Latin term) is very common - according to statistics, about 60% of people have encountered this microorganism at least once in their lives. There is information that about 20% of people are permanent carriers of it, and only 5% of the planet's population have such strong immunity that there is no pathogenic agent on the nasal mucosa. Despite the fact that it is so common, only under certain conditions can staphylococcus on the nasal mucosa become dangerous. The risk is especially great when it enters the ear cavity, in paranasal sinuses nose, or, worst of all, into the lungs. IN the latter case the case may end in streptococcal pneumonia.

Studies have shown that Staphylococcus aureus often actively multiplies on the nasal mucosa of people working in medical institutions. And in this case pathogenic microorganisms are resistant to most antibiotics used.

There is evidence that Staphylococcus aureus in the nose occurs in 95-99% of newborns. Infants become familiar with this bacterium immediately after birth. But most children get rid of this germ within a few days or weeks.

Causes Staphylococcus aureus very diverse, but main role plays a role in reducing natural immunity. This occurs under the influence of the following factors:

Severe hypothermia.
Acclimatization or adaptation to new environmental conditions (most often a child develops staphylococcus for this very reason).
Hormonal disorders. This is especially true for pregnant women, since their immunity is greatly reduced due to serious changes in the body. At the same time, antibiotics are contraindicated for them. And as a result, staphylococcus living on the surface of the nasal mucosa can cause severe purulent processes, meningitis or pneumonia.
Severe stress or psycho-emotional stress.
Active use vasoconstrictor drugs with a runny nose. Such drops are used for 2-3 days, no more.
Treatment of several infectious diseases antimicrobials in the form of drops, which leads to an imbalance of microflora and active reproduction of pathogenic bacteria.
Incorrect selection of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases. This leads to the destruction of beneficial microflora, which is replaced by pathogenic bacteria. The problem lies not so much in the antibiotics themselves, but in the fact that measures were not taken in a timely manner to restore the balance - in such cases, you need to drink probiotics immediately after taking the medications.

Staphylococcus is highly contagious. This infection is anyone by contact easily and quickly transmitted from person to person. So after a certain amount of bacteria from an infected person gets on the nasal mucosa, staphylococcus begins to actively multiply, and this becomes the impetus for the onset of the disease. You can become infected with bacteria through airborne droplets or through household contact (through shared items and hygiene products). If staphylococcus is found in one of the family members, they are given separate dishes, a hand towel, bed sheets etc. But transmission is possible through nutritional (through feces and vomit) or artificial means (during surgical procedures or through injections).

Symptoms

The specific symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus largely depend on whether the patient has accompanying illnesses. The clinical picture looks like this:

on initial stage a secret is released in the form clear mucus, then it becomes cloudy and thicker due to the fact that pus appears;
the temperature rises to 38 degrees and above, and sharply;
the voice becomes hoarse and nasal;
the ability to distinguish odors is lost;
appear external signs– the skin around the nose turns red, pustules appear on it, and characteristic light brown crusts form.

If the infection is accompanied by sinusitis, then symptoms such as chills, severe toothache or headache, swelling of the eyelids. With sinusitis, the mucus released from the nose turns yellow-green. With frontal sinusitis, a person feels increased fatigue and weakness, dizziness appears. If the disease is caused by prolonged use of vasoconstrictors, then atrophy of the mucous membranes develops, which is accompanied by itching and severe dryness.

To diagnose this infection, bacterial culture is required. This is a special analysis, and you need to prepare for it in order for the result to be reliable. On the day of the procedure, you cannot use any nasal drops. But from antibacterial therapy must be abandoned one week before sample collection for culture. This analysis takes quite a long time, but the faster microscopic method of examining a smear does not reveal either the specific type of bacteria or their resistance to treatment. There is a certain norm (for adults - 100-10,000 CFU/ml in a sample), and if it is exceeded, you should go to the doctor so that he can develop a treatment regimen.

Treatment of staphylococcus should be comprehensive. Although antibiotic therapy plays an important role, other drugs cannot be excluded. Now there is whole line antibiotics to which this disease exhibits resistance. These are mainly drugs from the penicillin group. The fact is that previously staphylococcal infection was easily treated with drugs of this type, but over time the bacteria developed a special enzyme that breaks down the molecules active substance. So staphylococcus shows resistance to Methicillin, Penicillin and Vancomycin. Antibiotics are prescribed only after special research, which can reveal resistance to some other drugs.

Staphylococcus cannot be destroyed with hydrogen peroxide, but it is killed by aniline group dyes (the notorious “green stuff” is a medicine that is found in every home).

To cure Staphylococcus aureus, the following methods are used:

rinsing the nose with antiseptic solutions;
the use of nasal ointments based on erythromycin and tetracycline (bacteria are sensitive to these antibiotics);
nasal drops oil solutions to prevent the mucous membrane from drying out and crusts forming;
usage antihistamines second generation (Claritin, Loratadine) to relieve swelling;
vitamin therapy to improve immunity, as well as the use of immunoglobulin.

Antistaphylococcal plasmas and toxoids are used mainly for severe course diseases. Antistaphylococcal bacteriophage is used to eliminate this infection during pregnancy. It can be administered intravenously, but there are also forms for local application. This is an alternative to antibiotics, which are contraindicated for expectant mothers.

Sometimes it may be necessary to open the pustules surgically and their subsequent antiseptic treatment.

Folk remedies

The decrease in the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy makes us think about treatment with folk remedies. These recipes are very varied, but the most effective are ointments and rinsing the nose with various solutions.

If an infection in the nasopharynx is actively developing, there is a runny nose, congestion, swelling of the mucous membrane, then rinsing is considered the optimal solution. It can be done using the following means:

Decoction pharmaceutical chamomile. Take 1 tbsp per glass of boiling water. l. dry flowers of the plant and boil in a water bath for 15 minutes. Then the solution is filtered and cooled to a comfortable temperature.
Infusion linden color. Should be more concentrated. Take 2 tbsp per glass of boiling water. l. vegetable raw materials and infuse for 3 hours in a thermos. After this, the infusion is filtered and can be used immediately.
Saline solution (1 teaspoon of salt per 1 liter of warm water). This remedy has a weak antiseptic effect, but it allows you to remove staphylococcus from the nasal mucosa mechanically.

After rinsing, you can immediately drip freshly squeezed aloe juice into your nose. This plant has disinfectant and antibacterial properties.

At home, essential oils are widely used to treat Staphylococcus aureus. Their effectiveness has been proven scientific research. Thus, the essential oil of juniper or marjoram destroys not only Staphylococcus aureus, but also coli. All types of staphylococcus are affected by mint and lavender essential oils. And the oil tea tree will be effective against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. Strong antimicrobial activity possess essential oils of aromatic herbs, which are widely used in cooking as spices. In addition to the already mentioned marjoram, these are anise, turmeric, thyme, fennel. Some experts recommend using clove, cinnamon and red pepper oils. Moreover, it has been proven that essential oils are effective against staphylococcus, which is localized on the nasal mucosa, even in low concentrations. Thus, in terms of their effectiveness, they are practically not inferior to antibiotics, but lack such serious side effects.

The essential oils listed can be used in different ways. For example, 2-3 drops of them are added to the finished pharmaceutical ointment, which is used to lubricate the nostrils when treating Staphylococcus aureus.

Used for nasal rinsing saline solution(1 tsp iodized salt per glass of warm boiled water), to which 2-3 drops are added essential oil eucalyptus. The solution must be used immediately; it cannot be stored.

Propolis is also used to destroy staphylococcus. This beekeeping product has high antibacterial and antiviral activity. Propolis is often produced in the form alcohol tinctures. But you cannot use them in their pure form for nasal instillation, as they can burn the mucous membrane. It's better to take water solution propolis. Prepare it as follows: 60 ml cold water take 2 tbsp. l. crushed propolis and heat in a water bath to a temperature of 80 degrees, but do not bring to a boil. The solution is infused for 6 hours, after which it is filtered. You can instill it 2-3 times a day, 2 drops in each nostril. This remedy is also used to ease breathing. But you need to first make sure that there is no allergy to it.

In order to get rid of a staphylococcal infection, it is not enough to simply eliminate the symptoms listed above. Important role plays a role in enhancing immunity. For this you can use natural remedies. Rosehip decoction, which is mixed with fresh apricot pulp, is very effective. When treating the disease, it is recommended to drink it twice a day - in the morning on an empty stomach and in the evening before bed. It helps get rid of staphylococcal infections and prevent relapse of the disease. This remedy is good because it can be used during pregnancy. Black currant gives a similar effect. It is recommended to drink freshly squeezed parsley juice on an empty stomach.

When the nasal mucosa is damaged by staphylococcus, various medications are used, including for local use. Drops are considered widespread and effective against pathogenic microorganisms, have an anti-inflammatory effect, and relieve swelling and redness.

The patient should know the rules and interpretation before going to the laboratory.

The most prescribed nasal drops are:

Chlorophyllipt

Description

Antimicrobial medicine based plant origin. Available in several forms, it is indicated for both adults and children. Renders therapeutic effect for sore throat, stomatitis, rhinitis, staphylococcal infection.

Advantages

This drug has a large list of positive properties, so it is prescribed even to small children. The main advantages of Chlorophyllipt drops are:

— Reasonable cost — for 1 package the price varies between 150-200 rubles. But depending on the type of medicine - oil or alcohol, the cost varies slightly.

— Availability — the product is in free access, they can be purchased at any pharmaceutical establishment without a doctor's prescription.

- Fast therapeutic effect - thanks to good composition, the medicine helps to destroy pathogenic pathogens - staphylococcus and others, eliminates symptoms and recovery occurs quite quickly.

- Has an anti-inflammatory effect - this improves overall well-being and nasal breathing.

Flaws

These drops are very effective and have good pharmacological properties against staphylococcus and have almost no negative aspects. One of the disadvantages of the drug is an allergic reaction. Therefore, before treatment, it is advisable to consult a specialist and undergo an allergen test.

Instructions for use
Depending on the great variety dosage forms, Chlorophyllipt has specific instructions that indicate the dosage, frequency of use, indications and contraindications for therapy against staphylococcus. To treat staphylococcus on the nasal mucosa, drops are instilled into small quantity into each nostril. They help improve breathing and destroy pathogens. When using the medicine for children, you should first consult with a medical specialist so as not to provoke complications, and also test for staphylococcus.

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Isofra

Description

Effective antibacterial drops containing active substance- Framycetin. It has irreplaceable pharmacological properties and destroys most pathogenic microorganisms, including staphylococcus.

Advantages

- Has a wide spectrum of action - staphylococcus, streptococcus.

— Availability — drops can be bought at any pharmacy without a prescription from a medical specialist.

— High efficiency- in most cases it takes no more than 10 days before full recovery from rhinitis, sinusitis, staphylococcus and other diseases of the nasopharynx.

— Price — figures vary from 150 rubles.

Flaws

— Bad taste medicine that children will especially not like.

— Drops tend to flow out of the nose.

— It is difficult to calculate the dosage when the medicine is in the form of drops.

Instructions for use
For necessary therapeutic effect against staphylococcus, Isofra should be used correctly, paying attention to the instructions. If the frequency of use and dose are observed, recovery will be quick and side effects absent. For better absorption into the nasal mucosa, the medicine should be instilled with the head slightly tilted back. 1 drop will be enough. The total duration of treatment should not exceed 10 days. If there is no result, you must visit the doctor again.

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Dioxidine

Description

An indispensable antiseptic, it has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in many cases and helps to destroy pathogenic microorganisms - staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc. At correct use, recovery occurs quite quickly.

Advantages

— Does not irritate the nasal mucosa and does not cause drug addiction.

— Capable of fighting many pathogens, used against staphylococcal infections.

— Easy to use.

— Used for various diseases nasopharynx, internal organs and helps with purulent formations.

— Issued in free form.

Flaws

— Presence of contraindications and side effects.

— Inability to use in children under 12 years of age.

— Contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women.

- Enough high price- on average 300 rubles.

Instructions for use
To treat staphylococcal infections in the nasal cavity, a 1% solution of the drug is mainly used. It is instilled into each nostril, 2-3 drops. Depending on the disease and its severity, the duration of therapy is 3-7 days. The frequency of administration can reach up to 3 times.

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Septisol

Description

Drops are a good natural antibacterial agent origin, which destroys almost all types of pathogenic microbes, including different kinds staphylococcus. Used externally and to treat mucous surfaces.

Advantages

— The medicine has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, analgesic, antiseptic property.

— Has an acceptable cost — average price from 180 rubles.

— Does not violate the integrity of microflora.

— Effective for pathological processes in the nasopharynx, in dentistry, for injuries and for treatment skin.

— You can buy it at any pharmaceutical institution, it is freely available.

— Drops can be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

— Destroys staphylococcus.

Flaws

— Allergic reaction into drops.

Instructions for use
Septisol drops are used against staphylococcal infections by instillation into the nostrils or rinsing. The course of therapy is 4-7 days. Frequency of use up to 3 times a day.

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Levomycetin

Description

An effective antibacterial drug that is widely used in ophthalmic practice for diseases of the nasopharynx (rhinitis, sinusitis, sinusitis). Despite their low cost, they are quite effective against various gram-positive and negative pathogens, including the group of staphylococci.

Advantages

- Low cost of medicine.

— Highly effective against staphylococcus.

— Released in the public domain.

- Can be used for children as prescribed by a medical specialist.

— The drops are easy to use.

Flaws

— There are side effects and contraindications.

— Drops should not be used by pregnant and lactating women, as well as small children under 2 years of age.

- May leak from the nasal passages.

Instructions for use
For a proper therapeutic effect, before using Levomycetin drops, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the nasal passages. Then, throwing your head back, drop a few drops into your nostrils. The frequency of use should not exceed 3 times a day, and the total duration should not exceed 7 days.

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Ointments against Staphylococcus aureus

Treatment with Chlorophyllipt

Description

Antibacterial ointment of plant origin, contains eucalyptus leaves. Available in several dosage forms- drops, ointments. Used for diseases of the nose, throat, neuroses, osteochondrosis, lesions respiratory system. The ointment has an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect.

Advantages

Speed of action.
Sale of ointment in the public domain.
Reasonable price.
Wide range of effects on various pathogenic microorganisms, including staphylococcus.

Flaws

Allergic reaction to ointment.

Instructions for use
Before using the ointment, the nasal passages should be cleaned and lubricated with Chlorophyllipt. The ointment is used after the appointment of a medical specialist, who will determine the required dosage and course of treatment.

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Tetracycline

Description

Antibacterial agent, has a wide range of effects on pathogenic microorganisms. Available in the form of a 1% ointment for the treatment of nasal diseases.

Advantages

Low cost ointment.
The product can be purchased in various pharmaceutical institutions and is freely available.
Has an antimicrobial, antiviral effect, helps destroy staphylococcus.
The ointment is convenient and easy to use.

Flaws

It has side effects and contraindications.
The ointment should not be used by children under 8 years of age.
At long-term use loses its antimicrobial properties, the pathogen develops resistance.

Instructions for use
To treat staphylococcal infections on the nasal mucosa, 1% Tetracycline ointment is prescribed. It is applied in small quantities to the mucous membranes 3 times a day. Total duration application is no more than 10 days.

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Bactroban

Description

Efficient antibacterial ointment, contains the active substance mupirocin. The product helps to destroy gram-positive and negative pathogenic microorganisms, including suppressing the effect of staphylococcus.

Advantages

The ointment has a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect.
Promotes quick recovery.
The ointment is used for various diseases of the nasopharynx, as well as for purulent lesions.
You can buy the ointment at various pharmacies without a doctor's prescription.
Bactroban has virtually no side effects.
This ointment can be used even in cases where other medications are contraindicated.
Convenient and easy to use.

Flaws

High cost of ointment.
Allergic reaction.

Instructions for use
This medicine is used only for treating the nasal mucosa. To do this, you need to thoroughly clean your nasal passages and blow your nose. Then apply approximately 30 mg of ointment to each nostril. It is recommended to perform this manipulation 2 times a day for about 3-5 days, 10 are allowed, but you cannot use the ointment more without consulting a doctor.

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Staphylococci are pathogenic microorganisms that form primarily on the mucous membrane of the nose, nasopharynx and throat. They cause inflammation and purulent diseases that have a detrimental effect on the body. If they accumulate excessively, pathologies such as stomatitis, caries, gingivitis, tonsillitis and others are possible. Therefore, if illness manifests itself and your health deteriorates, you need to contact a medical specialist.

Reasons why epidermal pathogenic staphylococcus appears

Staphylococcus bacterium under a microscope

Currently, there are many types of staphylococcus, some of which are always present in the human body, but do not affect the development of diseases. One of these is considered to be epidermal Staphylococcus aureus; it begins its action when exposed to the body certain factors. It often affects the skin and mucous areas. The main reasons for the appearance of the microorganism are the following:

Violation of personal hygiene rules- everyone knows that cleanliness is considered a guarantee of health, because a dirty body and hands are a large number of pathogenic bacteria and microbes, including staphylococcus. Therefore, after visiting the toilet and before eating, you should thoroughly wash your hands with antibacterial soap. You should also monitor the food; it is advisable to pour boiling water over vegetables and fruits.
Direct infection- occurs through a normal handshake, hug, as well as when using someone else’s cosmetics or wearing clothes that are not your own.
Excessive use of antibiotics- has a detrimental effect on health, can lead to problems with digestive system, dysentery. Uncontrolled use of medications in high doses can contribute to the development of staphylococcal infection. Therefore, before taking pills, you need to consult a doctor.
Decreased immune status of the body — main factor formation of diseases of the throat and nose by Staphylococcus aureus. It can be triggered by hypothermia, the presence of concomitant pathology, nervous overstrain and poisoning.

Is Staphylococcus aureus contagious and transmitted from a carrier?
Staphylococcus is considered the most dangerous causative agent of many diseases and is transmitted by airborne droplets.

Symptoms and signs of Staphylococcus aureus

The most common site of injury staphylococcal infection are the mucous membranes of the throat and nose. However, not all people can suspect the pathogen at the initial stage.

The following symptoms help identify the presence of staphylococcus:

Constant runny nose.
Lasts for a long time elevated temperature bodies.
The occurrence of intoxication.
Problems with the digestive system.
Appearance various violations skin in the form of ulcers, pimples or ulcers.
Nasal congestion.

Signs of staphylococcus when affecting the nose, throat and nasopharynx are noticeable swelling and redness of the tonsils, an increase in the size of the lymph nodes, as well as pain and the presence of pus.

If the above symptoms are part of life, we can confidently assume that staphylococcus has developed in the nose and throat. In this case, you need to contact a medical specialist and undergo an examination.

Why is Staphylococcus aureus dangerous?
Staphylococcus aureus is very dangerous; if left untreated, it can lead to the formation serious illnesses such as meningitis and blood damage.

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Staphylococcus in the nose

Staphylococcus in the throat

Staphylococcus in the nose

Staphylococcus in the throat

Staphylococcus in the nose

Diagnostics and norm of analysis from the nose

If a staphylococcal infection is suspected, a diagnostic measures. They are done in special laboratory institutions, the material is taken from the mucous surface of the throat, nose and pharynx.

Carrying out bacteriological culture of Staphylococcus aureus

At bacteriological culture it is necessary to follow certain recommendations and execution techniques, everything must be sterile.

How to correctly take a swab from the throat and nose for Staphylococcus aureus and the interpretation of the analysis is described in ours.

After collection, everything is taken to the laboratory and cultured, the results of which determine the presence of the microbe in the body. If staphylococcus is cultured after culture A, this indicates its presence on the mucous membrane of the nose and throat.

The analysis norm is considered to be 103 CFU/ml in adults and 104 CFU in childhood up to a year. If the indicators are higher than these values, this indicates damage to the body by staphylococcus.

If a pathogenic microorganism, staphylococcus, is detected, an additional test for antibiotics is performed. But basically it doesn't affect him this group medications.

How and with what to treat Staphylococcus aureus?

If tests confirm the presence of staphylococcus in the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, treatment must be started immediately. Because untimely assistance can lead to complications in the form of damage to the circulatory system, nervous system, the development of pneumonia, meningitis and other dangerous pathologies is possible.

First of all, therapy is aimed at destroying the pathogen through the use of various medications, as well as traditional medicine.

Infections of the nose and throat should be treated as prescribed by a doctor; it is not advisable to undertake treatment methods on your own. Because Staphylococcus aureus tends to spread quickly and does not respond to the action of antibiotics. On the contrary, when misuse medications may have side effects and complications of the disease.

The mucous membrane of the nose and throat is under attack by Staphylococcus aureus

How long does it take to treat Staphylococcus aureus disease in the nose and throat?
Staph infection of the nose and throat is treatable in different people in different ways, this is influenced by immunity and the severity of the pathology. In general, the average duration of therapy is 3-4 weeks.

Nasal rinsing for staphylococcus

An effective method of treating a pathogenic pathogen is washing the nasal passages. To do this, use the following means:

Miramistin- a widely used antiseptic, effective against various pathogenic anaerobes and aerobes. It has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, helps destroy viruses, bacteria and microbes. It is used both locally and for external use as a nasal rinse.

The medicine is used until the appearance clean waters, it has some contraindications, so it is advisable to use it after the appointment of a medical specialist.

Before using the listed remedies, you should consult your doctor; he will tell you the dosage, frequency of use and the possibility of using this or that remedy.

Folk remedies in the fight against staphylococcal infection

Traditional medicine methods are widely used in the treatment of staphylococcal infections of the nose and throat. They also have a beneficial effect on the general well-being of the patient, help reduce inflammation of the mucous membrane, and suppress the action of the pathogen. Traditional medicine recipes should be used after consultation with a medical specialist to avoid complications and the widespread spread of germs.

The following are considered the most common traditional methods:

Antibiotic therapy for Staphylococcus aureus

The main method of treatment for staphylococcal infection is the use of antibiotics. But due to the increased resistance of microbes to drugs, before prescribing them, a test and diagnosis is carried out (a swab from the nose and throat).

The most used and common drugs are:

In addition to the drugs listed, medical specialists appoint complex therapy as:

Immunomodulators that help increase the body's resistance to pathogens. These include Poludan, Taktivin.
Antihistamines - they reduce swelling and inflammation. Effective medications Tavegil and Diazolin are considered.
Vitamins, such drugs increase immune status and help the body fight pathogenic microbes (Alphabet and others).

In the fight against Staphylococcus aureus it is used wide range.

Features of treatment during pregnancy

If staphylococci are detected in a pregnant woman during diagnosis, it is necessary to start therapy in a timely manner. It should be gentle; you need to be especially careful when choosing antibiotics and other drugs, as there is a risk of harming the fetus.

Basically, expectant mothers are prescribed topical medications. The causes of infection affecting the mucous membranes of the nose, throat and pharynx are weak immunity. Therefore, women are recommended to eat right, be more often fresh air, worry less and take vitamins.

Use traditional medicine V in this case It is undesirable, just like taking antibiotics on your own. At the first symptoms, you need to visit a doctor who will prescribe comprehensive and correct treatment.

Staphylococcus aureus in children

The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in childhood is considered quite dangerous, especially if the child is less than a year old. Because at this time the immune system is not fully formed and the body is very vulnerable to various pathogens and diseases.

If there is a microbe on the mucous membrane of the pharynx, nose and throat, therapy should be started immediately. Depending on the severity and individual characteristics, treatment lasts up to 3 months or more.

The main treatment methods for young children is the use of an antiseptic, which is used to wipe the mucous membrane. In addition, antibiotics and other drugs are also prescribed in doses allowed for the baby.

If such methods do not bring the desired result, the child is hospitalized, as possible dangerous complications, right up to death.

Staphylococcus aureus is a harmless microorganism. It is found on the skin and in the nose of a third of all people on the planet. At good immunity the infection does not cause harm, and people are just its carriers. Staphylococcus is dangerous when it penetrates inside the body, as it can cause severe infections of deep tissues.

Symptoms

You can become infected from an infected person in a hospital, maternity hospital or other medical facility. The nose and its cavities are one of the favorite places of this pathogen. The following symptoms may cause suspected staphylococcal infection:

Hyperemia of the mucous membrane;
Runny nose and stuffiness;
High temperature and severe intoxication, malaise, which can cause serious condition adult and child;
A characteristic feature is pustules, inflammation of the skin on the vestibule of the nose.

In the nose, the pathogen can cause sinusitis, runny nose and otitis media.

What is the danger

The pathogen has high activity, rapid reproduction. Discharge flowing down back wall throats, easily fall into gastrointestinal tract, in which the infection can cause gastritis, pancreatitis, enterocolitis.

Other complications:

endocarditis;
osteomyelitis;
severe intoxication;
skin lesions;
meningitis;
blood poisoning.

Problem

Staphylococcal infection since opening penicillin antibiotics acquired a mutation. And today, most bacteria are resistant to antibiotics of this group. Chemically modified penicillin, mecillin, began to be widely used for control. However, strains of staphylococcus have emerged that are resistant to mecillin, and even to vancomycin and glycopeptide.

How to treat

The basis of treatment is antibiotics and nasal treatment with antiseptics. For a disease that occurs in the nose asymptomatically, antibacterial treatment you can put it aside and pay more attention proper nutrition, strengthening the immune system.

Antibiotics drops

There are two topical antibiotics for staph nasal infections. This is Mupirocin ointment and Fusafungin drops:

Mupirocin (Bactroban) is a nasal ointment used to treat staphylococcus, including methicillin-resistant. The ointment is injected into the vestibule of the nose twice or thrice a day for one week.
Fusafungin (Bioparox) – drops, aerosol. Due to the small size of aerosol droplets, Fusafungin can easily penetrate even into the paranasal sinuses. In addition to being a strong antibacterial, the drug has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Systemic antibiotics

To destroy bacteria and signs of disease, antibiotics are prescribed in tablets or injections. The most effective are:

Ceftriaxone;
Ofloxacin;
Oxacillin;
Amoxiclav;
Unazin.

For complete cure You need to take the drugs for a long time. Only a doctor can prescribe the dose and course. We strongly recommend that you refrain from self-medication, and even more so from treating children with this very serious infection.

How can you treat your nose?

To create conditions unfavorable for the growth of bacteria, the nose must be treated:

Chlorophyllipt. Very effective remedy, destroying staphylococcus, promoting the healing of affected areas of the nasal mucosa. You can put cotton wool soaked in chlorophyllipt oil or a solution prepared from tablets into your nose. To treat a child, you can use chlorophyllipt oil, diluted half with vegetable oil.
Zelenka. Safe for children. Staphylococcus is very sensitive to ordinary brilliant green. It is recommended to treat damaged areas of the skin from the outside; the mucous membrane can be burned.
Staphylococcal bacteriophage. Treatment of staphylococcus began to be successfully carried out using staphylococcal bacteriophage. This medicine is in the form of a liquid that contains bacterial viruses. Phage viruses destroy Staphylococcus aureus, including antibiotic-resistant ones. Bacteriophages can be combined with antibiotics, but it is still recommended to take antibiotics after completing the course. Staphylococcal bacteriophage has no contraindications or side effects. You can take it orally and at the same time make applications with a cotton swab in the nasal cavity. Treatment is carried out for 7–10 days.
1–3% hydrogen peroxide. Bactericidal agent, helps fight ulcers. To apply it to the nasal mucosa, it must be brought to a concentration of 0.25% - dilute 3% hydrogen peroxide with water in a ratio of 1:11. Treat the nose with a jet or a moistened swab.
Vishnevsky ointment. Used as a healing agent.

Complex therapy

Staphylococcus aureus depletes the body. Therefore, to strengthen the defenses, it is necessary to take immunomodulators - Immunal, Broncho-munal, Derinat and IRS-19 (nasal drops). Immunomodulators strengthen immune forces, restore protective properties body.

If Staphylococcus aureus develops in the nose, the patient is additionally recommended to take biologically active additives, multivitamin preparations with the addition of basic micro- and macroelements. They raise vitality and strengthen the body exhausted by the disease.

Folk remedies

To combat staphylococcus in the nose, even in children, folk remedies help. They are safe, affordable and convenient for treatment at home. Products containing vitamin C are especially effective for the immune system - these are rosehip infusions, tea and blackcurrant compote. For the same purpose, it is useful to eat fresh apricots, broccoli, sauerkraut white cabbage, sour Antonovka, citrus fruits and cranberries.

Treatment of infection caused by staphylococcus can be done at home different ways. Medicines can be taken orally, used in the form of inhalations or lotions.

Steam inhalations with vinegar added to water.
Ingestion of comfrey infusion, juice of parsley roots and celery will help cope with the infectious process and pus in the nose.
You can instill a decoction of burdock (burdock) root into your nose.
You can boost your immunity by consuming echinacea tincture.
Rinse your nose with chamomile, a decoction of sage, and calendula.
In case of severe purulent process, the ineffectiveness of antibiotic use in both adults and children is recommended to use mumiyo. It is necessary to dilute the product with water in a ratio of 1:20. Take 50 ml before meals, 2 times for adults, 1 time per day is enough for a child. Treatment should be continued for 2 months.

Childhood and pregnancy

In both children and pregnant women, the choice of therapy should lean towards soft, gentle methods. Infusions of herbs and drugs with antibacterial activity for rinsing the nose and throat help. For children, antibiotics are recommended to be used in drops and ointments.

For pregnant women, antibiotic treatment is prescribed only in severe cases of the disease, when the pathogenic effect is pronounced. Drugs for oral use in pregnant women should be kept to a minimum.

For children, the infection is very dangerous - it is short time can spread to the intestines and other tissues, causing sepsis. Therefore, even a newborn child needs to be treated. For children more harm represent not the bacteria themselves, but their toxins. More often, staphylococcus appears after a child has had cytomegalovirus and herpes infections.

Prevention

To prevent the disease, it is necessary to timely diagnose the source of infection - caries, conjunctivitis, adenoids - and begin its treatment. An important point is maintaining immunity. People who eat right, exercise, and practice good hygiene are resistant to the effects of staphylococcal infection.

If an infection is detected in a child, all members of his family must be tested. Positive result means that they require simultaneous treatment. After 3 months, a control analysis is done. Next, you need to take a smear every spring and autumn. The health of the child and your entire family is in your hands.

In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that treatment of Staphylococcus aureus can be very difficult and take a long time. The pathogenic nature of the infection is due to the fairly rapid development by bacteria of high resistance to the antibiotics used during treatment. Therefore, during treatment, you need to constantly do smears to test the sensitivity of staphylococcus to antibiotics.

Staphylococcus in the nose is the presence of bacteria in the nasal mucosa that can cause a purulent-inflammatory disease. There are more than 20 varieties of staphylococcus, and most of them are constant companions of humans and are normally present on the mucous membranes, including the nose. However, they do not cause an inflammatory process.

However, among all the varieties, there are several pathogenic bacteria, the most dangerous of which is Staphylococcus aureus. Normally, it should not be in the body. Once inside, including on the nasal mucosa, staphylococcus begins to actively multiply, poisoning the human body with its toxins and causing an inflammatory process.

In addition to Staphylococcus aureus, inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity can cause epidermal and hemolytic staphylococci.

According to statistics, up to 20% of the adult population are permanent carriers of staphylococcus in the nose, while in 60% of people it lives in the nasopharynx periodically, and only 5% of people have a nasal mucosa that is not populated by these bacteria, thanks to excellent local immunity.

Symptoms of staphylococcus in the nose

In some cases, a person may not be aware that one or another type of staphylococcus lives in his nose. This is asymptomatic carriage. But in the presence of a number of predisposing factors, for example, with a decrease in immune strength, with exacerbation of chronic diseases, with hypothermia, with injuries to the nose and for other reasons, the bacterium begins to actively grow and multiply. In some people, pathogenic staphylococcus immediately after contact with the nasal mucosa causes inflammation.

This leads to the appearance of a characteristic clinical picture:

The appearance of a runny nose, which is called in medicine.

An increase in mucous secretion, which is initially transparent, but after a short time impurities of pus are found in it.

Difficulty breathing due to blockage of the nasal passages.

Violations of the sense of smell, inability to fully perceive odors.

Breathing through the mouth, which is fraught with the development of complications in the form of inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi.

The danger that an inflammatory reaction caused by a staphylococcal infection occurs in the nose lies in the possibility of the process quickly spreading not only to Airways, but also on neighboring organs. That is, not only the nearby nasal sinuses, trachea, larynx or tonsils can be affected. By hematogenous or lymphogenous route, the bacterium is able to reach the lungs, liver, heart, etc.

The following is often observed clinical picture: a patient who suffered only from, after a few days, in the absence of treatment, begins to notice signs of adenoiditis, etc. In addition, in a certain category of people with a predisposition, the bacterium can cause and within a few days. And the beginning is a seemingly banal acute rhinitis.

Staphylococcal infection in the nose is extremely dangerous for children and the elderly. In them, the bacterium is capable of causing not only bronchitis and tracheitis, but also massive damage to the lungs, bones, brain, kidneys and heart. In the most difficult cases, the presence of staphylococcus in the nose can lead to septic blood poisoning.

That is why the detection of staphylococcal infection in newborn children is a reason for inpatient treatment.

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose

It is the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity that is the favorite place of settlement for Staphylococcus aureus. Often it exists there asymptomatically long time, but in the presence of such factors as: hypothermia, ARVI infection, use for a long time vasoconstrictor drops, it begins to actively multiply, causing acute rhinitis.

In the future, acute rhinitis causes serious complications, which were described above. Another danger of Staphylococcus aureus is its low susceptibility to penicillin drugs. That is, in order to select adequate therapy, an antibiogram is necessary.

Diagnostics

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to conduct a high-quality diagnosis. The main analysis used in medical practice if the presence of pathogenic bacteria is suspected, their isolation using bacterial culture. However, the patient will need to prepare for the study in order to obtain the most reliable result.

Firstly, you should stop using any nasal drops on this day. Secondly, do not undergo treatment with any antibacterial agents for at least a week. The only drawback of this method is that you will have to wait at least five days for the results.

If the diagnosis needs to be made faster, then the microscopic method of smear analysis comes to the rescue. But in contrast, the cultural method of research, namely bacterial culture, will not only clarify the data obtained, but also identify a specific type of bacterium, and also supplement the information with an antibiogram.

After the results have been received and staphylococci have been detected in the nose in an amount exceeding the maximum mark of 106 units, it is necessary to begin treatment.

Treatment of staphylococcus in the nose

Presenter medicine To neutralize staphylococcus - these are antibiotics. The regimen for taking them is determined individually in each specific case, as well as the selection of the drug itself.

Most often, when an infectious process is detected in the nose, the patient is prescribed to take the drug in tablet form. Although in some cases injections may be required:

To treat non-Staphylococcus aureus in the nose, antibacterial drugs penicillin series. Among which ampicillin is especially popular.

If the presence of Staphylococcus aureus is detected, then it is advisable to prescribe combined agents, for example, amoxiclav or flemoklav.

In addition, the following can cope with the infection: Vancomycin, Erythoromycin, Azithromycin, Cephalexin, Cephalotin.

If pathological process in the nose cannot be corrected with antibiotics (or taking them is impossible) and threatens to develop serious complications, then treatment is prescribed using antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin or toxoid. These remedies help relieve intoxication. In addition, it is advisable to take antistaphylococcal bacteriophages.

In addition to the drugs described above, doctors prescribe the following systemic drugs:

immunomodulators, which are designed to increase the overall resistance of the body (Tactivin, Poludan, Immunorix);

anti-allergenic agents designed to relieve swelling (Zyrtec, Tavegil, Diazolin);

vitamin complexes with the addition of a mineral component (Alphabet, Supradin, etc.).

In addition, to increase the therapeutic effect, the patient must use local treatment products:

Miramistin and Chlorhexidine, used in the form of solutions for rinsing the nasal cavity, are antiseptics.

Protargol, Polydexa, Isofra, are used for instillation into the nose, have a vasoconstrictor and antibacterial effect.

Erythromycin and tetracycline ointment, which is applied to the skin around the nose if there are pustular lesions on it.

Rinsing the nose with Chlorophyllipt or instilling oil drops based on it.

The use of immunomodulators locally, in particular, the drug IRS-19 or Immudon.

If there are large ulcers on the skin around the nose, then the question of opening them is decided by the doctor. For this, the patient is sent to the surgical room.

Besides, local treatment it is necessary to carry out not only by treating the nasal cavity, but also by treating the throat. Absorbable tablets such as Lizobact may be prescribed. In addition to this, the throat is irrigated with Miramistin and rinsed with Furacilin, soda or hydrogen peroxide. This will prevent infections of the pharynx and tonsils.

We should not forget about preventive measures, which are aimed at preventing infection or inhibiting the pathological growth and development of bacteria in the nose. First of all, this is compliance with the rules of personal hygiene and maintaining the body’s immune forces in ways known to all (refusal bad habits, balanced diet and physical activity).

Education: In 2009, he received a diploma in the specialty “General Medicine” in Petrozavodsk state university. After completing an internship in the Murmansk regional clinical hospital received a diploma in the specialty “Otorhinolaryngology” (2010)