Sinusitis

Damage to the cornea and injury to the eye. How to act if the cornea of the eye is damaged

As a result of a puncture injury, a corneal fistula occurs due to a foreign object entering the eye. With insufficient or untimely treatment, such a pathology can cause the formation of a scar, which will prevent the penetration of sunlight to the retina. Cataracts and glaucoma may also occur. A severe and frequent complication of mechanical exposure is retinal detachment.

The eye recovers better after injury if anti-inflammatory drugs are used in the form of drops.

Reasons for development

Damage to the cornea of the eye can be caused by exposure to factors such as:

excessive dryness of the mucous membrane;
violation of the rules for wearing contact lenses;
radioactive radiation;
long work at the monitor;
lack of vitamins and minerals;
violation of the distance between a book or notebook and the eyes;
infection of the eyeball with a bacterium;
blunt trauma;
burn;
toxic effects of certain substances.

How to recognize: symptoms

When this eye shell is perforated, a person sees everything blurry.

After an eye injury that results in perforation or causes a rupture of the cornea, the patient experiences the following characteristic symptoms indicating the course of the pathology:

redness of the eye;
strong pain;
lacrimation;
photophobia;
headache;
spasm of the eyelids;
swelling of the face;
blurred and unclear image.

In case of injury, a number of serious complications can occur that provoke vision loss. Mechanical impact on the eyeball often results in vitreous loss. Long-term consequences are manifested in secondary glaucoma, cataracts and the appearance of a scar, which has a white appearance and is called a cataract. If the injury is severe, retinal detachment and complete loss of vision can occur. Perforation of one eye can provoke the development of fibroplastic iridocyclitis. It consists in the production of auto-aggressive complexes by the human immune system, which leads to damage to a healthy eye. This complication can be avoided if the diseased visual analyzer is removed in time.

First aid

Foreign particles must be removed from the organ of vision by washing.

It is important to provide the necessary assistance to the victim after an injury occurs. Emergency measures will help restore vision in the future. If there are foreign objects in the eye in the form of dust or sand, it is necessary to rinse the organ of vision. After this, it is recommended to instill an anti-inflammatory agent, for example, Sodium Sulfacyl. Applying tetracycline ointment under the lower eyelid will help prevent bacterial infection of the eyeball.

If possible, the foreign body should be removed from the eye, avoiding breaking it into particles. Do not rub or press on your eyelids. An incised wound necessarily requires qualified assistance, so the eye is covered with a damp cloth and the patient is transported to the hospital. In case of a burn from various chemicals, it is necessary to rinse the eye with running water. If there is massive blood loss, it is recommended to remove the foreign body and stop the bleeding using tight bandaging.

Diagnostic methods

You can suspect that the patient's cornea has burst as a result of damage if he complains of impaired vision. To confirm the diagnosis, ophthalmoscopy and measurement of vision are recommended. It is also recommended to perform ultrasound diagnostics of the eye, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. It is important to take a general and biochemical blood test.

There are keratitis, in which damage to the cornea occurs due to inflammation, burns, physical trauma, or radiation. Each case requires individual selection of drugs.

In addition to injuries, damage to the cornea can be caused by complications of other eye diseases. This category includes rosacea keratitis, creeping corneal ulcer.

Regardless of the type of disease, it is impossible to use traditional recipes without the approval of an ophthalmologist. This can only be harmful and will significantly increase the risk of vision loss and the formation of a cataract.

Eye injuries can have a variety of causes. The main ones:

Entry of a foreign body.
Mechanical impact.
Frostbite.
Thermal burn.
Contact with hazardous chemicals.
Infrared radiation, ultraviolet.

1. Foreign body entry. Characterized by lacrimation, severe burning and pain when blinking. These bodies include:

small objects (specks of dust, specks, grains of sand and the like);
low-hazard chemicals (detergents and cosmetics, hairspray, shampoos, soaps and the like);
creatures (midges and other small insects).

2. Mechanical impact.

Causes and types of eye injuries

Keratitis is an inflammatory disease of the cornea.

Based on the location of areas of inflammation, they are distinguished:

Superficial, in which the formation of cataracts and scars does not occur. And also there are no special complications observed. - deep, the complication of which is scarring of the cornea in the deep layer.

Types of keratitis

Bacterial keratitis - threatens when an injury occurs and its subsequent infection; it should be added that this can also occur when using damaged or contaminated contact lenses. Actanomeba is the simplest causative agent of this disease, causing acanthamoeba keratitis.

Keratoconjunctivitis affects not only the cornea, but also the conjunctiva. The inner layers of the membrane are affected due to fungal inflammation. There is another disease that is difficult to recognize in nature. The disease caused by the herpes virus is herpetic inflammation of the cornea.

Photokeratitis is a disease provoked by a burn of the membrane by ultraviolet rays. It can happen when working with a welding machine, constantly focusing on the sun, or staying near snow-covered areas for a very long time.

Eye injuries are divided according to their origin into:

mechanical.
thermal.
chemical.
ultraviolet radiation.

Mechanical damage includes eye injuries caused by a fall, impact from blunt objects or sharp objects (tree branches, fingers), ingress of foreign bodies: glass, metal, sand, wood chips, etc. They are open and closed.

Closed injuries include bruises and the most common erosions.

Open injuries include:

cracks or scratches on the cornea (after blunt trauma);
penetrating wound (entrance and exit are in the same place) - damage to the eyeball with a sharp object;
perforating wounds of the eyeball (entry and exit wounds are in different places);
foreign bodies intraocular.

Thermal burns include burns of the outer shells of the eye from fire, hot objects, while chemical burns include injuries resulting from exposure of the eye to chemicals (acids, alkalis, alcohol, etc.).

Depending on the location of the traumatic agent, the following options for the development of injury are considered:

Corneal damage or erosion can lead to corneal clouding and detachment.
damage to the mucous membrane of the eye or conjunctiva is accompanied by subconjunctival hemorrhage (red white of the eye is observed after an impact). Conjunctival ruptures are dangerous because they can hide the rupture of the internal membranes and require stitching.
damage to the eyelid includes wounds with hemorrhage. In the area of injury, hematomas with discoloration of the skin are possible. First of all, you should treat the wound and apply cold.
damage to the orbit and appendages - dangerous consequences such as displacement of the orbital bones, impaired eye mobility, loss of membranes, etc.

Symptoms

These include:

1) Increased tear production. 2) Increased sensitivity to light.

3) Uncontrolled contraction of the circular muscle - blepharospasm. When the cornea is injured, the eyelid begins to contract spontaneously (as a response).

4) Pericorneal injection of the conjunctiva. Formation occurs when the vessels of the conjunctiva, which lie deep, begin to expand.

5) Defect of the epithelial layer. 6) Painful sensations.

7) Sensation of sand in the eyes. 8) Impaired vision.

9) Redness of the eye and eyelids due to dilation of intraocular vessels. 10) Sometimes headache.

Loss of vision can result from damage to the cornea. Chemical burns and wounds are the cause of these complications.

Qualified care is the key to preventing complications and will also help heal the resulting damage. Deep burns carry with them glaucoma, or increase the risk of its formation.

Impaired outflow of intraocular fluid is often the cause of this disease.

Patients often experience the following symptoms:

sharp pain;
constant lacrimation;
inability to look at light;
decreased quality of vision;
swelling of the eyelids;
hemorrhage in the eye cavity.

Treatment

Treatment methods directly depend on the type of eye injury:

You can get by with outpatient treatment without ignoring a trip to the ophthalmologist. Apply cold to the damaged area and use disinfectant drops.

If the pain is unbearable, you should take a painkiller and go to the doctor. After diagnosis, hemostatic agents are prescribed - “Ditsinon” and “Etamzilat”, and for general maintenance - iodine and calcium.

An intramuscular injection of Emoxipin is given to improve trophism (in some cases, the injection is given under the eye).

2. Foreign bodies. They (including the surrounding scale) are removed after anesthesia using an injection needle. Drops and ointments with antibacterial properties are prescribed.

3. Contusion (deformation). It is recommended to apply cold to the wound site and maintain bed rest. Prescribe hemostatics (against bleeding), antibiotics, diuretics against edema, non-steroidal and hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy (magnetic therapy and UHF).

The sensitivity of the cornea is quite high. Minimal irritation can lead to significant discomfort. Signs of corneal damage:

Copious discharge from the eyes.
Hypersensitivity to light.
Uncontrolled contractions of the circular muscles (blepharospasm).
Defect of the epithelial layer.
Pericorneal conjunctival injection.
Feeling of pain at the site of injury.
Visual impairment.
Redness of the eyes and eyelids (vasodilatation).
Feeling of sand in the eyes.
Rare headaches.

Causal factors influencing corneal damage:

radioactive or ultraviolet radiation;
entry of a foreign body;
disturbances in supplying the eye with necessary substances;
dryness (long reading or working at the computer);
congenital pathology.

Effective therapy:

In case of a burn, wound or foreign body, drops of anesthetics with healing properties will have a beneficial effect on the cornea.
To eliminate discomfort and pain, lidocaine is used.
The use of gels that restore tissue integrity.

The recovery period depends on the degree of the wound, the promptness of contacting a doctor and varies between 5-15 days.

Treatment is carried out in specialized medical institutions under the supervision of specialists and in no case should be carried out independently at home.

Erosion

Minor injuries that can be cured with ointments, antiseptics, eye drops based on natural tears, medicinal acids. With this treatment, the defect quickly disappears without causing any complications.

Foreign bodies

A cotton swab or swab can be used to help remove foreign bodies. Objects that are too deep are removed with special tools designed for this purpose.

If these are neutral substances (not chemically aggressive), then they are left for a long time until the object flows to the upper layers and cannot be easily removed.

Substances such as:

Taurine, - emoxypine, - hyaluronic acid.

It is possible to introduce them into the area around the eyeball.

Injuries

Extremely complex injuries of the cornea, in order to resort to their treatment, it is necessary to resort to surgical intervention, and specifically to eye microsurgery.

Undoubtedly, this operation is performed in a specialized ophthalmology department. In parallel, antibiotic therapy, systemic treatment with enzymes, and local healing therapy (drops) are carried out.

The microsurgical route is used to treat burns. Using enzyme, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial therapy, we get an excellent effect.

When diagnosing partial or complete damage to the cornea, the patient is recommended therapy aimed at minimizing contact with the damage factor, restoring tissue integrity, stimulating the regeneration of partially destroyed cells, and ultimately taking measures to prevent infections.

Therapy for eye injury is aimed at achieving the following goals:

Save the eye as an organ, restore the location of damaged structures.
Preserve or restore vision.

To eliminate wounds to the eyelids and conjunctiva, surgical treatment is performed. The stitches are removed after a week or two. If the tear ducts are damaged, they are restored by implanting tubes that prevent the tear ducts from becoming overgrown.

Burns are treated by prolonged rinsing with water (if it was a chemical burn). Then conservative treatment is carried out. If the burn is moderate or severe, the patient should be hospitalized.

The cornea forms the outer transparent layer at the front of the eyeball and its main function is to protect the pupil. Damage to the cornea occurs quite often. These may be exposure to a foreign body, chemicals or infectious lesions.

The cornea has a very high threshold of sensitivity, so scratches or cuts by a foreign body are always painful; the pain intensifies when blinking, since the eyelid touches the cornea.

This condition is characterized by redness of the eye, increased lacrimation, increased sensitivity of the eyelid, and blurred vision.

The cornea has a good blood supply and, as a rule, heals quite quickly. But as long as the wound remains on it, it is open to infections that can cause the formation of an ulcer.

And this is a very serious and painful condition. An ulcer that is not completely cured can progress to the point of blindness.

Damage to the cornea most often occurs during sports activities, at home, traveling or walking outdoors. Children often injure themselves or others through negligence.

If a foreign body gets into the eye, you should blink vigorously and repeatedly. If the pain does not intensify, light movements should be made with the pad of the finger from the outer edge of the eyelid to its inner edge.

In order for the eyelashes to help remove the foreign object from under the upper eyelid, it should be pulled back and covered with the lower eyelid.

If possible, the eye should be rinsed with running water.

Do not rub your eyelids with your fingers after damaging the cornea or try to remove an object stuck in the eye yourself. For any injury to the cornea, you should apply antibacterial drops to your eyes (Tsipromed, Albucid) to avoid the development of inflammation.

These are the first priority measures before visiting an ophthalmologist.

Treatment of damaged cornea

If the cornea is damaged, a course of antibiotics in the form of drops or ointments is prescribed to prevent the spread of infection and the development of secondary infection.

In addition to antibacterial therapy, agents are used that improve corneal restoration (Taufon, Balarpan), as well as keratoprotectors (Korneregel) to protect the cornea while it is damaged.

To prevent the drops from washing each other out and reducing the effect of treatment, they are used alternately, with an interval of 15 minutes between instillations.

The bandage should be worn for a certain period of time, depending on the severity of the injury. Sometimes it is worn for a day.

The duration of treatment is determined by the ophthalmologist in each specific case. For uncomplicated injuries it is 5-7 days.

Eye injuries occur quite often. Such injuries are often very dangerous and pose a risk of blindness, so treatment should only be carried out by a specialist. If there is an injury to the eyelid or if the patient has rubbed the eye, the first thing to do is treat the wound and apply cold.

If a speck just gets in, you can provide first aid and clean the eye yourself. To do this you need:

press the upper eyelid to the base.
holding the eyelid in this way and keeping the eye open, gently rinse it towards the inner corner.
if the foreign body is located under the lower eyelid, carefully remove it using a sterile napkin or a clean handkerchief.

After this, you should definitely go to the hospital, as even a small grain of sand can cause severe irritation.

Treatment of corneal injuries, especially if a foreign body is stuck in it, should not be done independently and should not be attempted to remove the object. You need to see a doctor urgently.

After jet rinsing, the doctor removes foreign bodies from the eye using a microscope and special instruments.

You should not resort to the help of unqualified people and clean your eyes, thereby putting your health at risk. If the corneal wound is shallow (small scratch), absolutely waterproof and does not violate the curvature of the cornea, it must be stitched.

If the wound is deep and accompanied by iris prolapse, reconstruction is necessary. A poorly stitched cornea will negatively affect the quality of vision.

The consequences of corneal damage depend on the depth of the injury and can lead to complete loss of vision.

Since objects could be infected and contain bacteria, eye drops for eye injuries are often prescribed with an antibiotic to protect the organ from developing an infection and prevent infection of a healthy one.

Healing ointment for the eyes is also used. To remove pain, anesthetic drops are used.

With corneal erosion, that is, shallow light damage, healing occurs within 48 hours. The healing process takes a little longer in people with diabetes or dry eye syndrome.

There is no need to cover the eye with a bandage, but it is worth seeing a doctor until the wound is completely healed.

In case of damage to the conjunctiva, surgery is resorted to if the fit of the edges is not optimal. But usually this method is not used, but rather the wound is allowed to heal on its own, using only protective contact lenses and other medications.

Chemical burns are usually caused by alkalis or acids. In such cases, immediate help is necessary, as irreversible consequences occur very quickly.

First aid is as follows: open the eye as wide as possible and rinse with running water for about twenty minutes in the direction from the nose so that the removed chemical does not affect the healthy eye.

First aid for eye injury

Negative effects on the visual organ can cause serious damage. Therefore, it is very important to know the dos and don’ts of first aid.

What is prohibited to do:

Providing first aid for corneal damage (eye injury). When a person receives a cut injury, you must first cover the eye, as well as the eyelid, with a cloth, plus everything must be secured with a special bandage.

The unaffected eye should be covered, since simultaneous movement of the eyeballs is possible. Then, consult a doctor as soon as possible.

A cold bandage soaked in cool water is useful if the eye has been damaged by a blunt blow. Or you can place the cooled item on top of the bandage.

Running water will serve as a good remedy against a chemical burn; if you receive one, quickly rinse your eye with water (there should be a large amount of it), holding your head at the desired angle, so that the visual apparatus is down and the water flows from the side of the nose to the orbital sockets.

As for the eyelids, they should be apart. In no case should you remove an object from the eye cavity yourself, even if it is just wood shavings, especially any manipulation when sticking an object into the eyeball is prohibited.

But it’s worth trying to remove the object using a cotton swab or something similar, in the case when it is a speck or an eyelash.

If you find an irritant on the lower eyelid, you should do the following: pull back the lower eyelid and wait until something appears. It is worth resorting to the help of an outsider if the object is located in the area of the upper eyelid.

It may happen that you cannot cope with this task; in this case, it is worth turning to medical intervention in order to immediately receive qualified help.

If a person has suffered an eye injury, it is necessary to provide emergency first aid.

Prevention

Preventive measures for injuries to the visual organ:

Use of personal protective equipment under harmful and dangerous working conditions.
Careful use of dangerous objects.
Careful handling of chemicals.
High-quality face and eye care products.
Compliance with personal hygiene rules and reception vitamins for eyes.

Injuries to the organs of vision can have a different nature, origin and consequences. Having determined the causative factor and provided first aid, it is necessary to consult a doctor. A complete diagnosis will allow you to eliminate unwanted complications and determine the type of therapy. Protect your eyes and follow safety precautions.

Prevention is fundamental. It consists of the following recommendations:

preventing injury by following safety precautions. The use of safety glasses has reduced the number of industrial accidents by hundreds of times;
the use of helmets and masks to protect the face during sports also significantly reduces the likelihood of eye injuries;
Caution when viewing and shooting fireworks, opening high pressure bottles and in all situations with a high risk of eye damage.

It is important to understand that preventing a situation in which this type of damage can occur is much easier than subsequently eliminating the consequences. Therefore, during any high-risk activities, you need to protect yourself as much as possible with the help of special protective equipment.

The membrane of the eye, the transparent layer of the eyeball, is designed to protect the eye from the effects of various injuries found in nature. Any injury to the cornea is dangerous due to its unfavorable prognosis, because the organ of vision is important at any age and disruption of its normal functioning leads to discomfort, disability and deterioration in the patient’s quality of life.

Causes

Damage to the cornea of the eye has characteristic causes associated with human activities, injuries, everyday life, and chronic diseases:

when working on a PC or reading in poor lighting, the eye becomes dry, and dryness causes injury;
exposure to ultraviolet rays and radioactive elements on the organ of vision, their exposure to sunlight;
congenital vision pathologies;
injuries caused by foreign bodies.

Due to their busy and active way of life, and long walks on the street, children often fall into the traumatic category.

The cause of injury can be a blow of wind bringing:

grains of sand
fragments;
dust;
fine debris.

The personal carelessness of the child plays an important role. In case of mechanical impact on the eye, in order to avoid deep penetration of foreign particles and damage to the membrane, you should consult an ophthalmologist. It won't take much time, because... An experienced doctor will quickly detect and remove the source of the lesion.

This category also includes adults with construction professions. The materials used in the work may damage the cornea due to penetration. To avoid work-related injuries, it is necessary to use safety glasses. They are also necessary to protect the eyes from the sun, which contributes to a damaging effect on the cornea of the eye.

The shell of the eye, due to its anatomical structure, takes the brunt of traumatic factors. Fortunately, many corneal injuries are characterized by superficial, shallow lesions. This injury does not harm the organ, which, due to intensive blood supply, copes with the damage on its own in a short time.

Kinds

Based on the factors that led to the injury, the following types of damage are distinguished:

mechanical, occurs when small foreign objects - dust, shavings - are exposed to or enter the eye, as well as when using incorrectly selected contact lenses;
chemical burn occurs when an organ interacts with abrasive chemicals, this can be acid, alkali, household chemicals;
thermal burn occurs when the organ is exposed to high temperatures.
laser or ionizing damage.

Symptoms

Injuries to the corneas of the eye are combined with symptoms:

discomfort;
feeling of “sand”;
acute pain and burning with large-scale lesions;

In this case, visual acuity is noticeably reduced, the picture becomes blurry, and there are no contours. The level of visual impairment depends on the area of the lesion. There is profuse lacrimation, intensified by the movement of a foreign object. In some episodes, the victim complains of a headache.

Commonly encountered signs include:

profuse lacrimation;
unusual eye sensitivity;
burning;
blurred image.

Emergency help

Eye injury can occur at different ages. The method of providing first aid to a patient does not depend on the number of years. It should include coherence, urgency in carrying out actions, competence of an eyewitness to the incident and his composure. To be ready to help in an emergency, you need to know the following rules of assistance:

Active blinking can remove debris from tears. If there is no pain when lightly pressing on the eyelid, it is necessary to perform several movements towards the inner edge;
rinse the injured eye with an antibacterial drug;
move back the upper eyelid and cover the lower one, the eyelashes will help pull out the particle;
move the eyeballs left and right;
apply anti-inflammatory drops or ointment.

These measures are effective in treating shallow corneal lesions. In case of any episodes of injury, the injured eye is covered with a sterile napkin and fixed.

What not to do:

rub your eyelids;
use non-sterile devices;
touch the eye with fibrous tissue or a cotton swab;
independently remove a foreign object that has sharp edges or a massive body embedded in the eye.

Treatment

Treatment in a medical facility begins with a conversation with a doctor who needs to find out how the injury occurred. In case of damage, drops with a healing effect are prescribed. Lidocaine is used for pain relief. For rapid fusion, specially designed gels are also used. For burns, treatment is similar to conventional techniques used for mechanical damage to the eye.

The doctor’s main goal during treatment is to do everything possible to regenerate or fusion of tissue on the surface of the cornea.

Consequences

Visual impairment is a serious problem that can lead to:

retinal detachment, which is suspended during surgery;
hemorrhage;
displacement of the lens;
complete or partial loss of vision.

Some injuries are much milder than their consequences. In case of injury, it is important to immediately seek the help of an ophthalmologist who, using knowledge and experience, will establish a diagnosis, prescribe treatment and carry out the necessary manipulations at the initial stage.

It is important to follow all the specialist’s instructions, because... untreated injury can lead to the formation of ulcers, which are dangerous for vision due to their consequences. Complex injuries are treated in eye microsurgery centers, where methods for restoring the integrity of eye tissues and structures are selected individually by specialists.

An eye contusion, or eye contusion (second name) is the most common type of injury to the organ of vision resulting from a direct blow or explosion. Despite the fact that this is the mildest type of damage, 33% of victims lose their vision completely. Hence the increased attention to this pathology.

Table of contents:

Types of eye injury

The main clinical classification divides eye contusions according to severity:

light;
medium-heavy;
heavy;
especially heavy.

Mild degree eye damage is accompanied by hemorrhages under the skin of the periorbital region and conjunctiva, an equal and/or bruised wound to the skin of the eyelids and conjunctiva, slight swelling and erosion of the cornea, spasm of the lens muscles, reversible clouding of the retina (“Berlin’s”).

Moderate contusion characterized by a non-penetrating wound of the cornea, its swelling, as well as tearing of the pupillary edge of the iris and paresis of the muscles of accommodation.

Severe eye injury– vision decreases by more than 50%, rupture or separation of the eyelids, sclera, irises, clouding or dislocation (sometimes subluxation) of the lens, blood appears in the vitreous body, possible rupture or detachment of the retina, damage to the optic nerve and the bone wall of the orbit.

In case of particularly severe concussion there is no vision, the eyeball is crushed, the optic nerve in the bone canal is torn, torn off or compressed.

There is another simple classification based on the mechanism of injury:

direct contusion occurs as a result of exposure to a damaging factor directly on the eye and its appendages;
with indirect contusion the blow is applied to the bone structures surrounding the organ of vision; in this case, there is no damage to the membranes of the eye and skin, but internal injuries are possible.

Symptoms of eye injury should be considered in relation to the anatomical structures of the organ. This is how ophthalmologists study them.

Minor trauma can cause small hemorrhages under the conjunctiva that do not require special treatment. In severe trauma, hemorrhages are significant and increase in the first day. The organ of vision should be carefully examined to exclude subconjunctival rupture of the sclera. If it is detected, surgical suturing is required.

Corneal damage

Mild damage to the cornea is accompanied by increased lacrimation, photophobia, pain in the injured eye, and spasm of the eyelids. With severe contusions, corneal reflexes decrease and clouding occurs.

Damage to the sclera

Indirect signs indicate its rupture:

This type of damage most often leads to complete loss of vision.

Damage to the iris

With a mild degree of injury, miosis occurs (persistent constriction of the pupil), which disappears after 2-3 days. A severe form of bruise is accompanied by separation of the iris in the area of its root, paralytic mydriasis (persistent dilation of the pupil). Sometimes the iris can be completely torn off.

The most common consequence of damage to the ciliary body is. In case of severe injury, detachment of this part of the eye is possible with the appearance of characteristic signs:

Damage to the lens

Dislocation, subluxation, and rupture of the lens are possible. After an injury, it can develop over time.

Damage to the vitreous

The main symptom is hemophthalmos, which causes decreased vision. When examined inside the eye, the blood appears as threads, flakes, drops, or dots.

Here, with an injury, many signs appear during examination:

In parallel with these signs, there are also symptoms of damage to the periorbital structures - hematomas (bruises) around the eye, swelling of the eyelids, pain. The more pronounced the symptoms, the stronger the blow and the more structures involved in the pathological process.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of an eye injury is not in doubt if the circumstances of the injury are known. To determine the extent of damage, carry out:

visometry to determine visual acuity;
biomicroscopy, which detects changes in the structures of the organ of vision;
ophthalmoscopy, which allows a thorough examination of the fundus of the eye;
gonioscopy, which shows damage to the anterior chamber of the eye;
radiography of the facial skull to detect bone fractures;
Ultrasound, which provides information about the condition of the eyes (especially important when the transparency of the internal media is impaired);
computer and magnetic resonance imaging, which provide data on damage to intracranial structures.

First aid for any severity of eye injury consists of applying cold to the eye and instillation (instillation) of one of the antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, tobramycin. Sulfacyl sodium can be used, remembering that it causes a sharp burning sensation (its use is undesirable for treating a child). After this, cover the affected eye with a sterile gauze bandage.

Any victim with an eye injury should be hospitalized in a specialized department. After consultation with an ophthalmologist, the following treatment methods can be used:

Medication;

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
desensitizing agents;
tranquilizers;
antibiotics;
antiseptics;
mydriatics (drugs that dilate the pupil);
regeneration stimulants.

Surgical, consisting in the inspection of wounds and damage and their elimination.

An eye injury is a serious injury. Even a mild blow can cause damage to the intraocular structures, which without immediate treatment can lead to loss of vision. Therefore, self-medication for concussion is completely unacceptable.

Bozbey Gennady Andreevich, emergency doctor

Damage to the cornea of the eye is quite common in everyday life.

The cornea is the transparent part of the visual apparatus that protects the lens. Has a high degree of light refraction. Participates in the formation of vision and what we see. Sometimes, the cornea is subject to minor injuries, mainly a speck of dust and a small scratch. Such injuries are not considered severe injuries, and the cornea recovers quickly within two weeks. She may also be at risk of injury from a blow or burn. This type of injury is more dangerous and requires a long recovery process.

Causes

When the cornea of the eye is damaged, its tissue integrity is compromised. Most often, injury occurs while staying in an open space; a speck may accidentally get in if the weather is windy outside. In children during gambling. Failure to comply with hygiene and personal safety rules. It is necessary to distinguish between mechanical damage that occurs due to foreign bodies (dust, eyelashes) entering the eye. It should be noted that a scratch may appear from a foreign body, this will lead to such consequences that an infection will occur, and the complexity of the damage will be much greater.

Damage to the cornea of the eyes can be caused by trauma, for example from a direct blow, a wound or crack may form.

Less commonly, trauma is observed under the influence of toxic substances and chemical burns. Rarely, the cause of a violation of integrity can be dry eyes, metabolic disorders in the body, or infectious diseases.

Based on the degree of penetration, they are divided into superficial and deep. In the first case, the foreign body is located in the superficial layers of the cornea and the eye as a whole. In the second case, it penetrates deep into the eyeball, sometimes it may not even be visible during examination.

Symptoms of corneal damage

The symptoms are not numerous, mainly:

Sensation of a foreign body in the eye;
Redness of the membranes is often noted;
Blurred objects appear, visual acuity decreases;
Sometimes there is a headache.

Symptoms of damage disappear soon after the foreign object is removed and complete recovery occurs after 2 weeks.

Treatment

If a foreign object gets in, you need to rinse your eye under running water or try to cry, then you need to apply eye drops. Treatment can also be medicinal and surgical. It all depends on the extent and nature of the damage.