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Equine anti-tetanus serum, purified, concentrated. Tetanus toxoid: instructions for use, reaction

Tetanus toxoid is used to provide prevention dangerous disease- tetanus. Tetanus bacillus is life-threatening. It enters the body through microdamages on the skin. A person becomes infected with a particularly dangerous pathology when receiving an agricultural injury. A contributing factor to tetanus is an abortion performed outside a hospital. The risk of infection is also high if childbirth is carried out in unsterile conditions. In such situations, tetanus prophylaxis should be provided. A necessary measure when providing emergency assistance, it is the administration of tetanus toxoid.

Tetanus disease

It occurs due to the influence of microorganisms whose spores are found in the soil. These spores fall into the ground from gastrointestinal tract animals. When microorganisms enter the human body, they become bacteria. Infectious agents that cause tetanus multiply and produce large number poison called toxin. It spreads across nerve fibers, as well as the bloodstream.

When the nervous system is affected, spasm of the back and jaw muscles occurs. The first symptom of tetanus is the inability to open your mouth. Severe illness caused by spasms masticatory muscles. As the toxin progresses, it affects the facial muscles.

The second symptom of pathology is a smile that is not typical for a person. The patient also experiences back muscle spasms. The patient is forced to bend, his torso takes on an arched shape. The patient realizes the severity of the pathology, but cannot provide first aid to himself.

After these symptoms, hemolysis occurs, the blood cells dissolve. The disease often leads to fatal outcome. Tetanus can be fulminant. In this case, it ends tragically. The chronic form is long and painful, but with treatment the patient recovers.

Description of tetanus toxoid

Tetanus toxoid contains inactive toxins (spores that lead to the development of tetanus). To neutralize these microorganisms, you need to carry out procedures using high temperatures and formaldehyde substances. As a result, the toxin loses its properties. Serum intended for vaccination promotes the formation of tetanus immunity.

Tetanus toxoid is used to prevent tetanus and diphtheria. The drug contains components that are antigens of the microorganism that causes tetanus. Anatoxin is used in pure form or added to the composition combination drugs DPT.

Tetanus toxoid is an adsorbed drug. Its manufacturer is Microgen. When the active components enter the human body, antibodies are formed that prevent infection. The administration of the drug is part of medical care.

Thanks to the serum, the body develops immunity against a dangerous disease. In addition to the main active ingredient, the medicine contains formaldehyde and aluminum hydroxide. The drug is injected under the skin. If it was administered 3 times in accordance with the vaccination schedule, the duration of immunity is more than 7 years. The dosage of tetanus toxoid is 0.5 ml. If the patient has not been vaccinated childhood, doctors prescribe the same dose, the interval between vaccinations should be 35 days.

The procedures are carried out in accordance with the schedule. Repeated vaccination is carried out after 8 months. The serum must be administered every 10 years. If 5 years have passed since the first administration and there is a threat of infection, the doctor prescribes emergency immunization using this drug. The dosage is the same. In parallel with the toxoid, immunoglobulin is administered. At extensive damage skin toxoid is injected around the wound.

Indications for urgent vaccination

The doctor prescribes emergency administration of the drug two days after the injury or improper labor activity. Indications for use of the serum:

  • damage to the skin or mucous membranes;
  • childbirth in non-sterile conditions;
  • as a result of an animal bite;
  • after self-abortion.
  • with the threat of gangrene.

After the patient has been provided emergency assistance, the doctor will introduce the IPCH. Tetanus toxoid may cause side effects. Some patients are diagnosed with swelling of the skin. The serum may cause a burning sensation at the injection site. Such symptoms disappear within 1 to 2 days.

There are also common adverse reactions. These are fever, weakness, migraine. Possible exacerbation of allergies. In most cases side symptoms do not pose a threat to health. Their duration does not exceed three days. Tetanus toxoid can cause allergies. This disease is manifested by hives, itching, and increased body temperature.

The most dangerous complication- Quincke's edema. It leads to disruption respiratory function. With this dangerous condition the skin turns pale, the temperature rises, the voice becomes hoarse. Quincke's edema is characterized by severe cough, damage to the larynx.

Having discovered such manifestations, you need to urgently call an ambulance. To avoid side effects The serum is administered in a clinical setting where anti-shock treatments are available. The patient should stay in the hospital for one hour. If the administration of the serum leads to side effects, the patient will be immediately provided with help.

Contraindications for use

The doctor does not prescribe tetanus toxoid if the patient has an exacerbation of chronic diseases. Serum is not administered for ARVI, which is accompanied by elevated temperature. You should wait for remission and only then use the drug. 35 days must pass from the day of recovery. The drug can be prescribed to a patient who has cutaneous form allergies.

Permanent contraindications:

  • hypersensitivity to vaccine components;
  • neurological disorders;
  • period of pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Immunodeficiency and HIV are not a contraindication for serum administration, however, remission should be waited for. If there is a history of allergic disease, it is necessary to take antihistamines. They are prescribed by a doctor, dosages are individual. If side effects are detected, precautions should be taken.

Tetanus immunoglobulin

The vaccine contains immunoglobulins G, which suppresses tetanus toxin. It can be used alone or in combination with toxoid. The serum is used for prevention especially dangerous pathology. The doctor prescribes it if the patient detects hypersensitivity to the drug. Immunoglobulin is administered intramuscularly into the femoral area. The doctor opens and uses the serum, observing all antiseptic requirements.

Opened medicine is unsuitable for storage. It is used immediately. If you have a serum that has changed its physical properties (there is sediment or flakes, noticeable cloudiness), you should discard it and buy a new one. Changes in properties may be due to improper storage. The dosage of the drug is checked with a doctor.

There are cases when immunoglobulin gives adverse reactions. Some patients experience swelling of the skin. This side symptom is usually harmless and goes away after a couple of days. The administration of serum can lead to an increase in body temperature (it reaches subfebrile values). The most severe complication is anaphylactic shock. It is observed in in rare cases. After administering the medicine, you should be under the supervision of a doctor for half an hour. If necessary, antishock agents will be used.

The serum has one contraindication - individual hypersensitivity to individual components. The vaccine is not intended for intravenous administration. It should be in a tightly closed bottle. It is prohibited to use remnants of the therapeutic and prophylactic agent. If the doctor has prescribed the simultaneous use of immunoglobulin and toxoid, he uses different syringes and injects the drugs into different areas of the body. The patient is prohibited from taking any other medications.

Description of the DTP vaccine

It is intended for the prevention of whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. DPT contains deactivated microorganisms that provide prevention dangerous diseases. The drug is administered to children over three months of age. When vaccinating, the doctor follows the rules of antiseptics. The drug in an opened bottle is not intended for storage. DPT is administered intramuscularly into the shoulder area. The doctor follows the vaccination schedule.

The patient may experience side symptoms: weakness, fever, swelling, allergies, itchy skin. The drug is strictly prohibited if there is hypersensitivity to it active components. In this case, convulsions may occur, serious illnesses nervous system. If a child or adult is diagnosed with pathologies in the acute stage, it is necessary to wait for recovery and then administer DPT (duration of remission is 4 months). Diphtheria-tetanus toxoid, active ingredient vaccines provide long-term prevention of deadly pathologies. Tetanus toxoid is given to prevent tetanus. If the patient is allergic to the components of the serum, the doctor uses an analogue.

Participation in the administration of antitetanus serum to patients,

Administration of antitetanus serum and toxoid

Equipment: a ampoules of AS-anatoxin and PSS, beads with alcohol, syringes and needles of anti-shock therapy: 0.1% solution of adrenaline, ice pack, venous tourniquet, desensitizing agents, prednisolone or hydrocortisone

Performing the manipulation:

1. Inform the patient about the upcoming procedure and obtain his consent

2. Before administration, the ampoule with the drug is carefully inspected. The drug cannot be used in following cases:

· If there is no label on the ampoule

· If there is no complete information about the drug on the label

· If there are cracks on the ampoule

If there are unbreakable flakes, sediment or foreign matter

· In case of expired

· In case of improper storage of the drug

3. Wash your hands hygienically

4. Wear sterile gloves

5. Immediately before administration, the ampoule is shaken until a homogeneous suspension is obtained.

6. When opening the ampoule, before and after the incision, wipe it with a sterile file cotton ball with alcohol. An opened ampoule with AS toxoid or PSS can be stored covered with a sterile napkin for no more than 30 minutes.

7. The drugs are drawn into a syringe from the ampoule using a long needle with a wide bore. Always use a different needle for injection.

8. Before vaccination, 1-2 drops of the contents of the syringe are passed through the needle with which the injection will be performed.

9. When administering AS-anatoxin, the skin at the injection site is disinfected with 70% alcohol, grabbed into the fold with the fingers of the left hand and the needle is inserted into the base of this fold in subcutaneous tissue in the direction from top to bottom. Toxoid is injected deep under the skin under the lower angle of the scapula ( specified place poor in nerves and contains loose fiber)

10. When carrying out emergency prophylaxis of tetanus as prescribed by a doctor, AC-toxoid can be injected into the region where the wound is located (if its localization allows) by subcutaneous injection

11. After administering the drug, the injection site is lubricated with iodine or alcohol and lightly massaged with a sterile ball.

12. Before introducing PSS into mandatory an intradermal test is performed with horse serum diluted 1:100 to determine sensitivity to horse serum proteins (the ampoule is marked in red)

13. To take the sample, use an individual ampoule, as well as sterile syringes with 0.1 ml graduations and a thin needle

14. Serum diluted 1:100 is injected intradermally into the flexor surface of the forearm in a volume of 0.1 ml

15. The reaction is taken into account after 20 minutes. The test is considered negative if the diameter of the swelling or redness at the injection site is less than 1.0 cm. The test is considered positive if the swelling or redness at the injection site reaches a diameter of 1.0 cm or more



16. If the skin test is negative, antitetanus serum (TSS) from an ampoule marked in blue is administered subcutaneously in a volume of 0.1 ml

17. Observe the patient's condition. During this time, the opened ampoule with PSS should be covered with a sterile napkin

18. If there is no reaction, the remaining dose of serum is administered after 30 minutes

19. Each vaccinated person must be provided with medical supervision for an hour after vaccination.

20. The patient should be informed that if, after vaccination, severe malaise occurs, accompanied by headache, fever or local reaction with swelling and redness or the appearance of symptoms of serum sickness, he should immediately seek medical attention. medical care

21. Persons with positive reaction for intradermal administration 0.1 ml diluted 1:100 horse serum or who had a reaction to subcutaneous administration of 0.1 ml of PSS, further administration of PSS is contraindicated

22. About all cases of post-vaccination complications that developed after the use of drugs containing tetanus toxoid, as well as after the administration of PSS (shock, serum sickness, diseases of the nervous system, etc.) Medical staff The health care facility is obliged to urgently notify the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Center in the subject Russian Federation

23. Monitor the patient’s condition

Completing the manipulation:

1. Information about the patient and the emergency prophylaxis of tetanus administered to him is entered into the register of care for injuries in the section “emergency prophylaxis”, indicating the date, name of the drugs administered (AS, PSS), time of administration, dose, series, manufacturer of the drug, as well as reactions to the administered drug. These data must then be entered into outpatient card, logbook preventive vaccinations, as well as in emergency tetanus prevention logs for injuries

2. The material used is processed according to industry standards regulatory documents on disinfection, pre-sterilization cleaning and sterilization of medical devices.

3. Conduct disinfection and disposal of medical waste in accordance with San.PiN 2.1.7.728-99 “Rules for the collection, storage and disposal of waste from medical institutions”

Administration of anti-rabies drugs

Equipment: rabies vaccine, rabies gamma globulin, syringes, needles, sterile beads with alcohol, solutions of adrenaline (1:1000) or ephedrine (5%), diphenhydramine (2%) or suprastin (2%)

Preparation for manipulation:

1. Explain to the patient the purpose and meaning of the upcoming manipulation and obtain his consent

2. Warn the patient that in order to create lasting immunity and prevent post-vaccination complications, those vaccinated are prohibited from drinking alcoholic beverages during the entire course of vaccinations

3. Warn the patient so that during the course of vaccinations he does not overwork, avoid hypothermia, overheating, and maintain skin hygiene

4. Vaccinations should not be given to victims on an empty stomach.

Performing the manipulation:

· Administration of anti-rabies gamma globulin

1. Wash your hands hygienically

2. Wear sterile gloves

3. Before administering rabies gamma globulin, the body’s sensitivity to horse serum is checked by intradermal testing. To do this, intradermally into the area inner surface 0.1 ml of 1% (1:100) solution of anti-rabies gamma globulin is injected into the forearms. The reaction is taken into account after 20 - 30 minutes. The test is considered negative if the diameter of the papule is up to 1 cm and the redness around it is limited. The test is considered positive if the diameter of the papule exceeds 1 cm and diffuse redness

4. If the test is negative, 0.7 ml of 1% rabies gamma globulin is injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the shoulder

5. If there is no reaction, after 20-30 minutes, the entire prescribed therapeutic and prophylactic dose of whole anti-rabies gamma globulin, heated to 37 degrees, is injected intramuscularly into the upper outer quadrant of the buttock in 2-3 doses with an interval of 10-15 minutes.

6. The entire dose of anti-rabies gamma globulin is administered in one day

7. 24 hours after the last injection of rabies gamma globulin, a course of rabies vaccine vaccinations begins

8. If there are vital indications and positive test or in cases where anaphylactic reaction For intradermal injection, anti-rabies gamma globulin is administered in accordance with special precautions:

· If there is no response to these doses, 0.1 ml of whole anti-rabies gamma globulin is injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the shoulder

· If there is no reaction, after 30 minutes the entire prescribed dose of anti-rabies gamma globulin (warmed to 37 degrees in the thickness of the gluteal muscles) is administered in 2-3 doses with an interval of 10-15 minutes

· When administering gamma globulin, a solution of adrenaline or ephedrine, diphenhydramine or suprastin should always be ready

· Introduction of rabies vaccine

1. The rabies vaccine is administered to the victim with a thin needle in a lying position, slowly, strictly subcutaneously, retreating from midline abdomen by 2-3 fingers at or below the navel in different areas

2. If it is impossible to administer the vaccine into the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen, for example, due to scars, large infiltrates, in some cases the vaccine can be injected into the subcutaneous tissue in the area of ​​the shoulder blades

3. After administration of the rabies vaccine, the patient is not recommended to stand up for 5 minutes

Completing the manipulation:

1. The used material is processed in accordance with industry regulations on disinfection, pre-sterilization cleaning and sterilization of medical products.

May be required in emergency situations, accompanied by a violation of integrity skin. Several drugs are used for this. The introduction must be carried out strictly by a specialist, taking into account general condition the victim. What drugs are used? Why is prevention carried out?

Tetanus

This disease is caused bacterial pathogen. Infection occurs by contact when microorganisms enter the bloodstream through damaged skin. The disease is dangerous because its target is the central nervous system. Its defeat is characterized by severe generalized convulsions and general tension in skeletal muscle tone.

Clinical manifestations are due to the fact that, upon entering the human body, the bacterium begins to produce tetanus toxin. Tetanospasmin, which is part of it, causes pronounced tonic muscle contractions. In addition, tetanohemolysin accumulates in the body, which causes damage and death of red blood cells (hemolysis). Uncoordinated propagation of impulses is noted, and the excitability of the cerebral cortex increases. Later it is affected respiratory center, which can cause death.

Anatoxin

Purified and adsorbed on the gel, tetanus toxoid is used to form immunity to the pathogen. It is used for planned and emergency prevention.

After recovery, the patient does not acquire immunity to the pathogen. This suggests that there is a risk of re-infection. This is why it is necessary to use tetanus toxoid. Externally, it is a yellowish suspension. During storage, it is divided into two parts - transparent liquid and sediment. Available in 0.5 ml, which is one vaccination dose. This amount contains tetanus toxoid - 10 EU. It also contains a sorbent and a preservative. Liquid for injection is in 1 ml ampoules.

Carrying out emergency prevention

To prevent the development of the disease, administer the following drugs: tetanus toxoid, tetanus immunoglobulin and The choice of one or another drug, their combination depends on clinical case. If they have been diagnosed and the person has documentation confirming this fact, prophylactic injections are not performed. Missing only one last scheduled vaccination is an indication for toxoid administration. If several injections have been missed, a combination of toxoid and immunoglobulin is required. The serum is administered to children under 5 months of age who have not yet undergone routine prophylaxis. The situation is most difficult for pregnant women. In such cases, any administration of prophylactic drugs in the first half of pregnancy is prohibited, and in the second half only serums are contraindicated. This is why routine disease prevention is so important.

Tetanus toxoid is often used. The instructions, although simple, can only be introduced in specialized institutions.

Planned prevention

To prevent the occurrence of such a terrible disease as tetanus, timely administration of combination vaccine carried out in in a planned manner. Tetanus toxoid is the neutralized toxins of tetanus bacteria. They cannot cause harm to the body; on the contrary, they contribute to the formation of substances to combat the active toxin. The use of toxoid is the basis of prevention.

On at the moment used for routine prevention DPT vaccine- not only against tetanus, but also whooping cough and diphtheria.

Tetanus toxoid: instructions for use

The vaccine is administered routinely and intramuscularly, subcutaneous injections are not allowed, as they lead to the formation of compactions. It is preferable to administer the drug into deltoid muscle in the adult population and in the anterolateral surface of the leg (middle) in children under 3 years of age. The routine prevention procedure includes three vaccines. They are administered at an interval of 1.5 months and starting from 2 months of the baby’s life. Revaccination - one year after the third.

Side effects

Vaccinations often lead to mild illnesses side effects. This indicates correct formation immune system and will soon pass. However, parents should be wary and contact their pediatrician if the reaction to the vaccine is intense. At the injection site, it is normal to experience local reaction- slight swelling, hyperemia and soreness. The child is worried about decreased appetite, vomiting, increased body temperature and diarrhea. If necessary, antipyretic medications may be taken. Complications include an allergic reaction. It is not harmful if it only appears skin rash. However, if the baby develops Quincke's edema or convulsions, you should immediately call ambulance. In any case, planned prevention should be monitored by a pediatrician at all stages. This will avoid serious complications. Specialists will ensure that a drug such as tetanus toxoid is administered correctly. Its use must be strictly according to the instructions.

Prevention is a mandatory measure that is carried out as planned. This complex helps prevent the development of tetanus, which is considered an extremely dangerous disease.

Tetanus - serious infectious disease, striking nervous system. The danger of infection is that the effect on the head and spinal cord leads to paralysis of the muscles, including the respiratory one. This can lead to breathing problems and danger to human life. The disease is difficult to treat. However, means have been invented to prevent it. Purified, adsorbed liquid tetanus toxoid for routine and emergency prevention of tetanus is one of them.

AS-anatoxin: composition and release form

Tetanus toxoid is available as a solution for subcutaneous administration. One ampoule contains 0.5 or 1 milliliter. One package contains ten ampoules along with instructions and a scarifier.

The composition of the drug includes:

  • Active ingredient: tetanus toxoid - 10 binding units.
  • Excipients- formic acid (no more than 100 mcg) and aluminum salt.

Tetanus toxoid is available in two versions: with and without a preservative. Thiomersal, a mercury compound, is used as a preservative.

Pharmacological action of vaccination

Anatoxins are toxins secreted by bacteria, which, after special treatment, have lost their toxic properties. At the same time, they retain immunogenicity - the ability to cause an immune response in the human body. Pharmacological action AS-toxoid consists of a number of reactions that occur in the body after administration of the drug:

  • The vaccine causes a local inflammatory process at the injection site. This promotes activation of the immune system and migration of leukocytes, lymphocytes and other cells to the site of inflammation.
  • After this, toxins are absorbed, fermented, and antigens are released to the cell surface.
  • After recognition of a foreign substance, antitoxic antibodies are actively produced, which bind and remove toxins from the body.
  • The memory of the pathogen is retained by a special type of lymphocyte.

Antitoxic antibodies continue to circulate in the blood, protecting a person, but over time their number decreases.

Indications and preparation for toxoid administration

The vaccine is used in adults and children over seven years of age to protect against tetanus. Anatoxin is used for injuries with damage to the skin if more than 5 years have passed since the last tetanus vaccination. Emergency prevention infection is indicated in the following cases:

  • For severe burns and frostbite.
  • With penetrating damage to the wall of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • During childbirth at home.
  • For animal bites.

The vaccine is also used every ten years, even if there was no damage. Emergency and routine prevention of infection with tetanus toxoid does not require special training at healthy people. In cases where the patient has acute or chronic form, you need to contact your family doctor or therapist. It identifies possible contraindications to immunoprophylaxis.

Method of administration of AS-anatoxin and dose

AC toxoid is administered subcutaneously. One vaccination dose is 0.5 milliliters. Anatoxin, like other means for parenteral administration, must be visually inspected for the presence of foreign components, changes in color or consistency. Before performing the procedure, the health care worker performs a patient's thermometry. The injection site is treated with an antiseptic solution. The ampoule with the drug is slightly shaken. One vaccination dose is administered to one patient. The fact of immunoprophylaxis is recorded in the relevant medical documentation.

In people who have not received the vaccination course DPT vaccination, apply active immunization. It consists of a double injection of AS toxoid with an interval of 30-40 days and one revaccination a year later.

Doctor's advice. After vaccination, it is recommended to stay on the territory of the medical institution for at least half an hour. To promptly seek help in case of early post-vaccination reactions

Contraindications for administration of tetanus toxoid

Contraindications to immunization with tetanus toxoid are divided into absolute and relative. The first group includes allergic reactions and post-vaccination complications due to the previous administration of the drug. To the group relative contraindications includes:

  • Taking a course of chemotherapy.
  • Chronic diseases in the acute stage.
  • Acute infectious diseases.
  • Neurological diseases.

In all these cases, immunoprophylaxis is carried out in usual doses no earlier than a month after achieving stable remission.

Important! Immunodeficiency conditions caused by HIV infection, taking hormonal drugs, do not interfere with the prevention of tetanus

Side effects, complications, possible reactions to toxoid

Tetanus toxoid is a weakly reactogenic drug. Post-vaccination reactions and complications occur rarely. These include:

  • Slight increase in temperature.
  • Redness, swelling at the injection site.
  • Joint pain.
  • Muscle weakness.
  • Rash, hives.

Very rarely, after administration of toxoid, allergic reactions of the anaphylactic type, convulsions, and difficulty breathing occurred. If the rules of asepsis and antisepsis are violated during vaccination, complications such as post-injection abscess sometimes occur, regional lymphadenitis. If any pathological post-vaccination reaction occurs, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. Only a specialist can correctly assess possible risks and prescribe appropriate treatment.

Treatment tactics for post-vaccination reactions

Treatment of post-vaccination reactions should be carried out after medical consultation and under the supervision of a doctor. Slight swelling, redness and local increase in temperature at the injection site are physiological reactions that occur with local inflammatory process. They do not require treatment and go away on their own. Other complications are treated with symptomatic therapy. When the temperature rises significantly, antipyretics are used. For allergic reactions - desensitizing and antiallergic agents. Purulent complications vaccinations - abscess and lymphadenitis, treated after consultation with a surgeon. Use antibacterial infusion therapy. In more severe cases - surgical treatment: opening and drainage of the abscess.

Toxoid storage conditions

The drug must be stored in a dark place, out of reach of children, at a temperature of zero to eight degrees above zero. Transport of the vaccine must be carried out in appropriate temperature conditions. Maximum term Vaccine storage period is 3 years. A drug that has expired can be disposed of.

Vaccination analogues

For immunoprophylaxis of tetanus, other drugs are used in addition to toxoid. These include:

  • DPT is a three-component vaccine that includes National calendar vaccinations. It also contains components for the immunoprophylaxis of diphtheria and whooping cough.
  • ADS-m - differs from the previous drug in the smaller amount of tetanus and diphtheria toxoid. This vaccine is used for revaccination. ADS-m does not contain a pertussis component.

The drug for tetanus immunoprophylaxis should be selected by the doctor individually for each patient, depending on the state of health and immune status.

Tetanus toxoid is used against tetanus (to form active immunity) during routine vaccinations, as well as, if necessary, emergency tetanus vaccination. Thanks to the course of immunization, which includes primary and revaccination, vaccinated patients develop stable immunity against this pathology.

General characteristics

Tetanus toxoid (instructions for use are included with the vaccine) is a suspension white-yellow color, which, when settled, separates into a sediment and a clear liquid.

The drug contains tetanus toxin neutralized by heat and formaldehyde, purified from proteins and adsorbed by aluminum hydroxide gel.

Components

One (0.5 ml) vaccine dose contains: 10 units of tetanus toxoid, aluminum hydroxide less than 0.55 mg, 40-60 mcg of preservative (merthiolate) and formaldehyde less than 100 mcg.

Release form and properties

The drug is an injection suspension, poured into ampoules of 2 vaccine doses each. The cardboard package contains 10 such ampoules and instructions for use.

The administration of tetanus toxoid ensures the formation of antitoxic specific antitetanus immunity.

Indications for use

  • Routine immunization.
  • Emergency prevention of tetanus.

Dosages and methods of application

The tetanus toxoid vaccine is administered subcutaneously deep under the shoulder blade, 0.5 ml.

Active immunization:

  • The course of vaccination with tetanus toxoid includes 2 vaccinations with a difference of 30-40 days and subsequent revaccination six months later. Further revaccinations are carried out every 10 years (this scheme is relevant for patients who have not previously been vaccinated against tetanus).
  • In the case of an unorganized population, vaccination can be carried out according to a shortened course: a one-time administration of a double dose of toxoid, then revaccination after 6 months. (allowed up to 2 years) and further revaccinations every 10 years (one (0.5) dose).
  • Children from 3 months of age are routinely vaccinated with DPT vaccine.

Emergency prophylaxis is indicated for:

  • penetrating lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
  • injuries that are accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes and skin;
  • animal bites;
  • out-of-hospital abortions;
  • long-term abscesses, gangrene, necrosis;
  • childbirth outside a healthcare facility;
  • burns (degree 2, 3, 4) and frostbite.

Similar emergency prevention Tetanus requires mandatory wound treatment and early administration of tetanus vaccine. What are the following drugs used for:

  • Tetanus toxoid (instructions for use read: injected subcutaneously deep under the shoulder blade).
  • Human tetanus immunoglobulin (250 units intramuscularly into the buttock).
  • Horse anti-tetanus serum concentrated liquid purified (3000 units subcutaneously). Before use this drug It is necessary to determine sensitivity - performing intradermal tests with serum, diluted 1:100.

Side effects

Tetanus toxoid is a weakly reactogenic drug.

In rare cases, within two days after vaccination, rapid general (malaise, hyperthermia) and local (swelling, hyperemia) manifestations may occur. Allergic reactions in the form of urticaria, Quincke's edema and polymorphic rash occur extremely rarely, and in particularly sensitive patients to tetanus toxoid - a reaction immediate type. In view of this, after vaccination, the patient is observed for half an hour, and all vaccination points are provided with anti-shock drugs.

Contraindications

For emergency prevention - none.

Routine vaccination should not be carried out for pregnant women and patients who are particularly sensitive to the drug.

Features of use

  • It is prohibited to use the drug in case of damage to the ampoule, lack of labeling, improper storage, or expired application and modification physical properties contents (turbidity, sediment, color change).
  • Opening of ampoules and vaccination are carried out in compliance with antiseptics and asepsis.
  • The drug is not stored in an opened ampoule.
  • Each vaccination is registered in special forms for accounting, indicating the date of introduction, manufacturer, series and expiration dates.
  • For patients who have undergone acute pathologies, vaccination is carried out no earlier than 30 days after recovery.
  • In case chronic pathologies Vaccination should be carried out a month after the onset of remission.
  • Kids with neurological diseases vaccination is carried out after the process has subsided.
  • Patients with allergic diseases immunization is carried out 2-4 weeks after the start of remission, while constant manifestations of pathology (hidden bronchospasm or localized skin manifestations) are not a contraindication for vaccination.
  • In the presence of HIV and other immunodeficiencies, tetanus prevention is carried out as usual, with the treatment of GCS and anticonvulsants vaccination is carried out one year after the end of therapy.
  • To determine possible contraindications on the day of vaccination, the doctor interviews the parents and examines the child, making sure to measure his temperature.

Conditions and periods of storage, release

The product is stored at a temperature of 2-8 degrees for 3 years. Tetanus toxoid should not be frozen.

Dispensed from pharmacies exclusively for healthcare facilities.

The vaccine is produced in the Russian Federation by the FDUP NVO Microgen.

Choice of drug for emergency prophylaxis of tetanus

If you have documents confirming vaccination:


If there is no documentation of previous vaccinations:

  • For emergency tetanus prophylaxis for children under 5 months of age, in the absence of contraindications to immunization, the drugs of choice are tetanus immunoglobulin (250 units) and antitetanus serum (3000 units).
  • For children over 5 months and adolescents, in the absence of a history of contraindications to vaccination, it is recommended to administer 1 dose of tetanus toxoid.
  • For military personnel (current and former), for the prevention of (emergency) tetanus, provided there is no history of contraindications for immunization, it is recommended to administer 0.5 (1 dose) of tetanus toxoid.
  • For all other contingents and age groups patients are administered 3000 units. serum, or 250 units. immunoglobulin, or 2 doses of tetanus toxoid.