Detailed classification of myositis and symptoms of the disease. Myositis - inflammation of the muscles Myositis of the deltoid muscle
Myositis is a disease of skeletal muscles in which an inflammatory process occurs in the muscles. Myositis that occurs in individual muscles is called local; if several muscle groups are affected, then we're talking about about polymyositis. The disease can be acute, and in the absence of proper and timely treatment, become chronic.
The following types of myositis are distinguished:
- cervical myositis;
- myositis of the shoulder muscles;
- lumbar myositis;
- myositis of the arms or legs;
- myositis of the masticatory muscles.
Symptoms of myositis
The most common is myositis of the neck muscles.The main symptoms that are characteristic of any type of disease are a dull aching pain in the muscles, sharply increasing with movement, and muscle weakness. Patients often experience redness of the skin and swelling over the affected area, as well as limited mobility of the vertebrae. With purulent myositis, nodules and cords may appear in the muscle tissue.
Cervical myositis is the most common form of this disease. Researchers believe that 60–70% of residents of megacities suffer from it. Myositis of the cervical muscles is most often provoked by drafts and hypothermia. Patients complain of a dull pain in the cervical region, sometimes the pain can spread to the back of the head, shoulder and interscapular area. Due to severe pain, neck mobility is limited, but in mild cases this symptom may be absent.
Lumbar myositis is a common cause of lower back pain, which is often mistaken for symptoms of radiculitis. Lower back pain with this disease is less intense and aching. By palpation, you can determine the tightness and soreness of the muscles.
Myositis of the muscles of the limbs is manifested by characteristic pain, very often aggravated by movement; sometimes patients are forced to hold the limb in a certain position so as not to cause pain to themselves by movement.
Symptoms of purulent myositis arise due to the development of abscesses and phlegmon in the muscles. Patients complain of local sharp pain, aggravated by movement or palpation of the muscles. Muscle strength is reduced. Signs of general intoxication of the body (fever, chills, weakness) are often observed.
Treatment of myositis
Treatment of the disease must begin with eliminating the factor that caused it. Patients need rest (especially those whose disease is associated with professional activity), limiting activity up to bed rest and following a diet that excludes the consumption of alcohol, salty, spicy, fatty and fried foods.
To relieve pain and reduce inflammation in muscle tissue, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ketorol, Diclofenac, Nimesulide) are used.
When applied topically, warming ointments and gels (Apizartron, Finalgon) help reduce pain and relieve muscle spasms by massaging the affected area and improving blood flow in it. The use of local dry heat has a good effect (the affected area can be covered with a woolen scarf or a warm salt heating pad can be applied).
Patients are prescribed therapeutic massage of the affected area. Thanks to high efficiency With this method of treatment, patients note an improvement in their well-being after the first sessions. Acupuncture, electrical muscle stimulation, physiotherapy are also very effective methods, used in the treatment of myositis. After pain relief, patients are prescribed physical therapy.
Prevention of myositis
To prevent the development of myositis, you should avoid hypothermia and drafts, and also not overexert your muscles. In order to protect yourself from a disease such as myositis, it is necessary to avoid hypothermia, drafts, injuries and muscle strain. In addition, it should be treated promptly and correctly. colds, under no circumstances should you carry the disease on your feet.
It often happens that after a trip to the country or going to the gym, after sitting for a long time at the computer, the back goes on “strike”, stops listening, and hurts.
Any turn of the neck or back causes severe pain. In these cases they say it’s blown. In medicine this is called.
What is myositis?
Myositis is defined as inflammatory processes in skeletal muscles. With this disease, muscle weakness and even atrophy of the entire muscle group can be observed.
To put it simply, movements are limited, muscles become dense and tense. Anatomical formations located near the lesion may become involved in the inflammatory process and neuromyositis, dermatomyositis, and myositis with arthritis may develop.
Read about it here.
Causes of myositis
The causes of myositis are factors such as:
Read about here.
List possible reasons large, no less than those who may be at risk. These include:
- Pianists, violinists, secretaries, PC operators;
- Motorists;
- Athletes;
- Anyone who spends a long time in an uncomfortable position.
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Symptoms of myositis
The disease begins to manifest itself on the second day after injury to a particular muscle.
Discomfort begins to be felt in the morning, after waking up. Muscles swell during sleep, causing spasm, which in turn causes pain.
With myositis, the following symptoms can be observed:
- Dull, nagging pain in the muscles of the neck, back, and limbs. It can radiate to the ear, forehead, and back of the head.
- Pain in the chest, lower back;
- Increased pain with cold, palpation, movement;
- The pain does not stop after rest, weather changes, and while at rest;
- Muscle tissue becomes dense, tense, swollen, nodules are felt;
- It is difficult for the patient to bend and turn his head. He cannot straighten normally;
- Swelling appears on the skin at the site of injury, it becomes hot;
- Pain can cause muscle atrophy and weakness.
The main symptom of myositis is pain. It is by this that the disease is determined. At first it is blurred, manifesting itself when moving or palpating.
In the future, it becomes strong not only with movement, but also with rest. Body temperature may increase. Increased fever indicates purulent myositis.
Read about here.
Classification of myositis
It is difficult to classify myositis according to MBC, so experts divide it into several types. They, in turn, depend on the severity of the disease and origin. Each of them is also divided into several types.
According to the nature of its progression, myositis can be acute or chronic:
- Acute myositis occurs due to muscle injury or infectious disease. It flows quickly. Associated factors with this type of disease there may be muscle strain and hypothermia.
- The chronic type of the disease appears against the background of poorly treated acute myositis. It is characterized by pain after overexertion or hypothermia. At sudden change weather.
Myositis according to its prevalence is divided into local and diffuse:
- Local is characterized by inflammation of one muscle group. It occurs with strong, painful sensations. Every day the muscle weakness becomes stronger. Together inflammatory process swelling and redness are noticeable. Rarely, with this type of myositis, the temperature may rise and a headache may appear.
- Diffuse or scattered does not have such pronounced pain symptoms. It is characterized by increasing muscle weakness, which is accompanied by swelling. With polymyositis, the joints may become involved in the inflammatory process and artiritis may develop.
Myositis has several types, which differ from each other, both in the place of occurrence and in the causes of origin.
Common types include:
- Neck muscle myositis– This type of disease is one of the most common.
- Myositis of the thoracic region. In this type, inflammation occurs in the chest muscles. Breathing becomes difficult, shortness of breath, coughing, and pain appear. Read about it here.
- Intercostal myositis is also called. With this type, the intercostal muscles are affected.
- Myositis of the lumbar muscles. This disease can be considered chronic. The pain is aching, appearing after physical activity, hypothermia.
- Spinal myositis most often occurs in pregnant women. It appears due to the load on the back muscles caused by the baby's growth.
- Myositis of the extremities.
- Myositis of the abdominal muscles.
- Brachial myositis limits the movement of the arm in the shoulder joint.
- Myositis of masticatory muscles may make it difficult to chew food. The pain prevents you from opening your mouth.
- Myositis ocular– extraocular muscles responsible for mobility eyeball, may become inflamed.
Important! Myositis of the extremities often occurs against the background of previous injuries, sprains, and bruises. The impetus for complications can be overexertion, hypothermia, or ordinary ODS.
Cervical myositis
It is very different from a disease such as osteochondrosis. The difference between them is that neck myositis manifests itself a short time after the influence of an abnormal factor on the body.
Children often suffer from this disease while preparing for and passing exams, after a school week, active training, or at the end of competitions.
Cervical myositis is characterized by such symptoms as severe pain in the cervical region, radiating to the shoulders, back of the head, head, even to the face. Also, when the neck muscles are inflamed, the pain radiates to the interscapular area. Read about it here.
Motor amplitude, in this case, in the vertebrae cervical region may remain the same, but pain in the muscles and tendons can hinder any movement of the head. Read what it is here.
Important! Often cervical myositis occurs due to drafts - “blown neck”
Myositis of the back muscles (lumbar)
Myositis lumbar muscles also common. Often, patients confuse it with lumbago due to the same focus of pain.
But the pain itself with myositis of the lumbar muscles is not sharp, aching, aggravated by movements and palpation at the site of the lesion. To determine the disease, it is necessary to take an x-ray and undergo an MRI of the spine.
Important! Signs of lumbar myositis may actually be renal colic. To rule out kidney disease, you should take urine and blood tests and undergo an ultrasound of the kidneys.
Pain and crunching in the back can lead to dire consequences over time - local or complete limitation of movements, even disability.
People, taught by bitter experience, use natural remedy which orthopedists recommend...
Treatment of myositis
Before prescribing treatment, the specialist should identify the cause of inflammation and only then draw up a plan necessary procedures. Treatment is divided into symptomatic and pathogenetic.
During the first, the doctor tries to alleviate the patient’s condition and reduce pain. The second method is aimed at curing the very cause of the pathology.
Those suffering from myositis need to be at rest and stay in bed. An important factor is diet.
Patients should exclude fatty, sour, salty, spicy, fried foods, as well as alcohol from the diet.
This is due to the fact that the listed products can increase inflammation and cause irritation in muscle tissue.
Therapy for myositis depends on the cause. First of all, drug treatment is prescribed.
Painkillers are necessary to eliminate pain and relieve fever - Diclofenac, Ortofen, Analgin, Indomethacin.
These medications can make the patient feel better, but they do not affect the underlying cause of the disease.
Treatment of myositis with drugs should take place in conjunction with physiotherapy. Electrophoresis, UHF, and diadynamic currents have had a good effect in the fight against the disease. Warming ointments and rubbing - Viprosal, Apizatron - also help.
Any physical therapy should be done in conjunction with massage. It will help strengthen muscles after an illness, eliminate stagnation in them, and improve blood circulation.
It is possible to completely restore the functioning of muscle tissue with the help of special therapeutic exercises. It is necessary to practice under the supervision of a specialist and not overwork.
Important! Women are more likely than men to be affected by this disease. Myositis affects young girls and middle-aged women.
No one is immune from myositis; it can affect everyone. Therefore, in addition to the main treatment, there are many folk recipes.
Salt or sand
One of the common recipes that does not require large amounts of money is heated sand or salt, poured into a bag made of dense, natural material. Keep the sand until it cools completely.
Pepper with gall
A lotion is made from hot ground pepper, bile, camphor alcohol in the following proportions – 1 tbsp. × 250 ml × 160 ml. Combine all ingredients together in a dark glass container. Leave in the cupboard for a week, shaking occasionally.
The prepared infusion should be lubricated on the affected area and covered with a cotton cloth previously soaked in vegetable oil. Apply the compress two hours before bedtime.
Burdock
Rinse a few burdock leaves with hot water. Place in a pile on the problem area and cover with a warm scarf or blanket. The plant helps relieve inflammation.
Calamus root
For a deeper treatment of myositis, it is best to use an infusion of mysore root. To do this, turn the dry roots of the plant into powder and pour a glass of boiling water. Leave to infuse for three hours.
The medicine is taken one tablespoon three times a day. The tincture is continued for another 20 days after the pain has stopped.
Prevention of myositis
More often, myositis occurs from hypothermia, a sudden change in temperature. Therefore, you should dress according to the season and avoid drafts.
Avoid bruises, treat infectious diseases promptly, and do not sit in the cold. When working sedentarily, stretch your muscles more often and change your body position.
Important! Don't put off until later what you can do right away. By consulting a doctor and starting treatment in a timely manner, you can count on a favorable outcome of the disease.
is an inflammation of one or more skeletal muscles. The disease varies in etiology, symptoms, course and location. As the inflammation progresses, it can spread to the heart, joints, intestines, skin and lungs.
The disease is quite rare, so out of 1 million people only one will suffer from myositis. But these statistics apply to those cases when myositis manifests itself as a systemic disease, that is, all skeletal muscles are involved in the inflammation process. The most common form of myositis is cervical myositis, accounting for up to 60% of all cases of inflammation; lumbar myositis is the second most common form of myositis. It is believed that every person will encounter such types of disease at least once in their life.
Myositis can affect both adults and children, but in childhood Dermatomyositis is more often diagnosed. Dermatomyositis most cases affect the age group between 1 and 15 years, although it can be found in adults. Regarding gender differences, dermatomyositis and polymyositis affect women more than men. After the age of 50, fibromyositis is more often diagnosed in people.
Currently, myositis is called an “office disease”, that is, the risk of its development increases with sedentary work. Some myositis may be a consequence of the profession, for example, inflammation of certain muscle groups in pianists and violinists.
Myositis can manifest itself as an independent disease or be a consequence of other diseases, it can be mild and go away on its own after a few weeks, or it can have a severe course and bother a person throughout his life.
Causes of myositis
The causes of myositis may be due to the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors, including:
Infectious diseases. Viral infections are the most common causes of myositis; less commonly, muscle inflammation is provoked by bacterial agents. In this case, the infection from the base site (for example, from the tonsils) spreads through the bloodstream to the muscle tissue. Influenza, ARVI and other respiratory diseases, as well as syphilis, tuberculosis, typhoid, are characterized by non-purulent myositis. Purulent myositis develops due to generalized purulent infection, most often provoked by staphylococci and streptococci, ostiomyelitis, or fungal microorganisms. In this case, myositis is severe and requires surgical treatment. It is also possible that muscles can be damaged directly by microorganisms when inflammation develops due to the action of toxins on them, as waste products of pathogenic agents.
Autoimmune diseases. Most systemic diseases, especially collagenoses, are accompanied by myositis. The body, starting to produce antibodies against its own tissues, provokes muscle inflammation. Such myositis has either subacute or chronic course and is accompanied by severe pain. Myositis is an almost constant companion to scleredema, lupus,.
Negative effects of toxic substances. Most often, people who abuse alcohol, take medications, or have suffered insect bites suffer from myositis. The mechanism of inflammation development is direct influence poison, alcohol, drug components on muscles. Substances that increase the risk of developing myositis are: colchicine, alpha-interferon, corticosteroids, isoniazid, antimalarials (plaquenil, delagil, quinine, etc.), cocaine, alcohol.
Injuries suffered. Where the break occurs muscle fibers subsequently, inflammatory edema always increases, followed by weakness and pain. As healing progresses, swelling subsides and normal muscle is replaced by scar tissue, causing the muscle to become shorter. As a rule, myositis after minor injuries, hypothermia, muscle cramps or simply intense physical activity occurs quite easily. It is extremely rare to develop a condition such as rhabdomyosis, characterized by necrosis of muscle tissue. Rhabdomyosis can be caused by dermatomyositis and polymyositis.
Professional costs. Myositis often develops in pianists, violinists, PC operators, and drivers. The cause is prolonged stress on certain muscle groups or uncomfortable body position. As a result, muscle nutrition suffers and normal blood circulation, manifest dystrophic processes.
The symptoms of myositis are varied, but its main manifestation is considered to be a muscle symptom complex, expressed in muscle weakness. It can bother a person constantly and be quite pronounced, or it can appear only after a person performs certain tests. The loss of muscle strength occurs gradually, this process takes from several weeks to several months. Large muscles are involved in the inflammatory process - hips, neck, shoulders, back. Muscle myositis is characterized by bilateral symmetrical inflammation. At the same time, a person is not able to lift weights, climb stairs, and sometimes even simply raise his hand and get dressed on his own.
Myositis of the shoulder and pelvic muscles is the most difficult for people to suffer. Such patients often suffer from gait disturbances, have difficulty getting up from the floor or from a chair, and may fall while moving.
Other symptoms of myositis may include:
The appearance of a rash.
Increased general fatigue.
Thickening and hardening of the skin.
Aching pain that increases with movement and palpation of the muscles.
Sometimes there is hyperemia of the skin and swelling in the affected area.
Possible increase in body temperature, febrile conditions, .
Joint pain appears during periods of exacerbation of myositis, but the skin over the joints does not become swollen or hot, as with arthritis or arthrosis.
Myositis may have an acute onset or may have a chronic course. Acute phase can become chronic. This often occurs with insufficient treatment or no treatment at all. Acute myositis occurs after injuries, after severe muscle strain, or after hypothermia.
The chronic disease is characterized by an undulating course with increased pain during weather changes and when muscles are overstrained. Sometimes there is a slight restriction of mobility in nearby joints.
Types of myositis
It is customary to distinguish the following types of myositis, characterized by different manifestations:
Deterioration of sensitivity (paresthesia), or increase in sensitivity (hyperesthesia).
Severe pain.
Feeling of muscle tension.
Decreased muscle strength, decreased muscle tone.
Joint pain.
Thickening of the muscles located in the area of inflammation.
The appearance of nodules.
Abnormal muscle contractions.
Reduced range of motion.
More than 20% of patients complain of difficulty swallowing food.
Muscle soreness, especially with deep palpation.
Deformation of arms and legs.
The presence of muscle areas with uncharacteristic compactions.
Impaired mobility.
The appearance of severe pain that tends to increase during movement.
Myositis of the neck. Pain with neck myositis occurs several hours after exposure to the provoking factor. Painful sensations tend to intensify when a person tries to turn his neck or tilt his head. Pain may radiate to the head, shoulders, back and shoulder blades. The pain does not become weaker after a period of rest, and does not leave a person when he is motionless. There may be redness of the skin over areas of inflammation. When exposed to cold, the patient's condition worsens.
Myositis of the back. Pain tends to intensify in morning hours, after a person spends a long time without moving. At night, tissue swelling and reflex muscle spasms increase. As a rule, back pain appears several days after exposure to the provoking factor and persists long time after its elimination. Any physical activity - bending, turning and other movements accompanied by muscle stretching - leads to increased pain.
Myositis of the legs and arms. This type of myositis occurs rarely without involvement of other skeletal muscles located in other parts of the body. Most often the muscles of the lower and upper limbs become inflamed with polymyositis. It becomes difficult for the patient to move and raise his arms up.
Myositis of the thoracic region. Myositis of the thoracic region is quite widespread. Pain syndrome constantly haunts a person, as movement is limited chest arising as a result of breathing, the patient is unable to.
If myositis of the thoracic region is severe, then the muscles of the larynx and pharynx are involved in the pathological process. This contributes to difficulties with swallowing, coughing and shortness of breath. It becomes difficult for a person to take a deep breath. In extremely severe cases, the respiratory muscles may be involved in the pathological process, followed by fibrosis of the lung tissue.
Myositis of the eye muscles. Myositis can affect the muscles of one or both eyes. The pain intensifies when trying to look to the sides or up. The eyelids swell and it is impossible to open them completely. The development of unexpressed exophthalmos is likely. If the disease becomes chronic, there is a risk of developing restrictive myopathy.
Polymyositis. Polymyositis is most often diagnosed in people with a predisposition to systemic diseases. Scientists suggest that the trigger mechanism for the development of inflammation may be past viral infections, as well as cancer. By producing specific antibodies against them, the immune system directs them to fight against their own tissues. A process called rhabdomyolysis is triggered, characterized by damage to muscle fibers. Rhabdomyolysis is accompanied by an inflammatory process that tends to spread to adjacent tissues. In this regard, polymyositis is so often accompanied by dermatitis and arthritis.
Polymyositis with symptoms of dermatitis is called dermatomyositis. This process begins acutely and can affect both adults and children. In addition to the main symptoms of myositis, dermatomyositis is characterized by the appearance of rashes. The rash is purple or lilac color, rises somewhat above the skin. The rashes are located on the neck, torso and face. Internal organs are rarely affected by polymyositis, but it is possible that the lungs, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and endocrine system are involved in the pathological process.
With juvenile dermatomyositis, the child begins to complain of pain in the lower extremities that appears when walking. The areas of the leg in the shin area are especially painful. Often the development of the acute form of juvenile dermatomyositis is preceded by a sore throat or a cold.
Dermatomyositis is diagnosed twice as often in women than in men and is a systemic connective tissue disease.
Neuromyositis. Neuromyositis is a subtype of polymyositis, but the process involves both muscles and nerves, which are located in the area of inflammation. As the disease progresses, inflammation spreads to the distal nerve fibers.
In this case, the patient experiences the following symptoms:
Painful sensations with neuromyositis tend to intensify as the disease progresses. Over time, the pain ceases to subside, even when the person is at rest.
Polyfibromyositis. Polyfibromyositis is another subtype of polymyositis, which manifests itself in the fact that muscle tissue is replaced by connective tissue. This occurs because muscles that have been in an inflamed state for a long period of time begin to break down. In their place, scar tissue forms in the form of nodules that can be felt. If scars form in the tendon area, contractures and deterioration in muscle mobility are possible.
Signs of polyfibromyositis may include:
What is characteristic of polyfibromyositis is that nodules can appear and disappear on their own, without any treatment. If the process of forming contractures has started, then muscle deformation occurs, accompanied by severe pain. Most often, elderly people suffer from this type of disease.
Myositis ossificans is one of the rarest types of polymyositis, which occurs as a result of an injury: dislocation, bruise, sprain or rupture of a muscle, or after. Thus, myositis ossificans of the thigh is often observed in equestrians, and myositis of the chest in fencers. In addition, this type of disease can be congenital.
Myositis ossificans is a consequence of untreated polyfibromyositis. The scarred areas of tissue that appear as a result of this are transformed into a mass with heterogeneous contents, which is saturated with minerals and other substances (salts of phosphate acid, calcium, potassium). When there are too many minerals, the process of ossification begins. If muscles with ossified areas are located in close proximity to skeletal bones, then deformation of the latter occurs.
The following symptoms may indicate myositis ossificans:
During palpation, hard, hard areas of muscle are detected, which are similar in density to bones. As the disease progresses, complete loss of motor activity of the limb is possible.
If myositis ossificans, which appears as a result of injury, has a favorable course, then the hereditary type of the disease begins spontaneously and is characterized by an unpredictable prognosis. The death of the patient often occurs from ossification of the pectoral and swallowing muscles.
Lumbar myositis. Lumbar myositis is widespread. Patients often confuse this disease with lumbago, but pain with myositis is less severe. It is aching in nature and does not stop even when the person is at rest. Pain intensifies when pressing on the lumbar area, as well as during movements: bending, turning the body, etc.
Lumbar myositis must be differentiated not only from osteochondrosis, from kidney disease, but also from lumbar hernia. To do this, the doctor must pay special attention to the symptoms of the disease, carry out X-ray examination, MRI or CT.
This type of myositis is most often diagnosed in older people and office workers.
Classification of myositis
The classification of myositis may vary. Thus, depending on the nature of the course of the disease, chronic, acute and subacute myositis are distinguished, and depending on the prevalence: limited and generalized.
In addition, scientists note such special forms myositis, as:
Infectious non-purulent with severe pain and general malaise. This form develops during viral infections.
Acute purulent with the formation of purulent foci in the muscles, with their swelling and severe pain. This form of myositis is often a complication of existing purulent processes, or acts as a symptom of septicopyemia.
Myositis ossificans can be congenital or acquired as a result of trauma.
Polymyositis is expressed in multiple lesions of muscle tissue.
Dermatomyositis, called Wagner's disease, is a systemic disease.
What is the danger of myositis?
The danger of myositis lies not only in the fact that the disease disrupts the patient’s quality of life, limiting his freedom of movement, but also threatens the development of more severe consequences.
Complications of myositis are:
The spread of the disease to adjacent muscles with the involvement of vital organs in the pathological process.
Muscle tissue atrophy. If the disease progresses and is not treated, then a complete loss of working capacity is possible with the emergence of the need for systematic care.
Ossification of muscle fibers, which can ultimately even lead to the death of the patient.
Breathing and swallowing disorders if the muscles of the larynx, esophagus, and pharynx are involved in the process of inflammation.
Complications of cervical myositis may include extensive lesions ENT organs with subsequent shortness of breath and stress on the cardiovascular system.
Purulent myositis often leads to abscesses and phlegmon, which is a threat to human life.
Treatment will primarily depend on the severity of the symptoms of the disease. It may come down to taking antibacterial drugs, antiviral agents, immunosuppressants, etc.
The treatment regimen for myositis should be selected individually, taking into account all clinical manifestations diseases.
To eliminate the inflammatory phenomena that provoked myositis, it is possible to use immunosuppressive drugs, for example, Methotrexate, Prednisolone, Azathioprine.
If myositis is viral in nature, then treatment should be aimed at maintaining the body’s immune strength and fighting infection, since there is no etiological therapy. If the cause of muscle inflammation is a bacterial infection, then taking antibiotics is advisable.
When myositis occurs while taking medications, their withdrawal is necessary. Muscle fibers usually return to normal after 14-21 days.
Taking corticosteroids. Hormonal drugs are intended to reduce inflammation. Most often, doctors use prednisolone for this. The following drugs can also be used: Methylprednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Triamcinolone, Betamethasone, Dexamethasone. Taking large doses of these medications can reduce the activity of the immune system, which will lead to a decrease in inflammation. However, in this case the risk of infection with other diseases increases. The dose of corticosteroids is calculated in each case individually; it is prohibited to use these drugs independently.
If a patient with myositis is recommended to take hormonal drugs, he needs to be seen by an ophthalmologist at least once a year. The fact is that these drugs increase the risk of cataract formation. A serious complication from taking corticosteroids is bone necrosis, therefore, if skeletal pain occurs, you must immediately notify your doctor.
Azathioprine and Methotrexate. These are two immunosuppressive drugs that are aimed at inhibiting the function responsible for the production of red blood cells and white blood cells. Their use requires monthly blood monitoring. Side effects also include hair loss, liver problems, vomiting, nausea, and secondary infections.
Plaquenil. The drug helps relieve inflammation and has an immunosuppressive effect. Most often it is prescribed for use by elderly people who suffer from dermatomyositis.
Gamma immunoglobulin. This drug has been used for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases for 15 years. With myositis, it allows you to reduce the level of the enzyme (creatine phosphokinase), which appears in the blood in large volumes due to muscle destruction. This drug is advisable to use for myositis provoked by viruses. This medicine can cause many side effects(digestive disorders, meningitis of aseptic nature, feverish conditions, headaches), therefore it is used in cases where other drugs have proven to be ineffective.
Cyclophosphamide. A potent drug an immunosuppressant, which is used only in severe cases of the disease. The risk of developing all side effects when taking Cyclophosphamide increases.
Separately, it is worth noting physiotherapeutic techniques for the treatment of patients with myositis. They are a prerequisite for the patient’s recovery, and without them the therapeutic course would not be complete. Physiotherapy can increase muscle tone, prevent muscle atrophy and improve the patient’s well-being.
Physical activity must be present daily. It is worth visiting the pool, as swimming has a positive influence for all muscle groups.
Before starting any physical work the muscles need to be warmed up. This will normalize blood flow and speed up the heart.
You cannot overexert yourself; all exercises must be performed at the pace that is optimal for the person.
After physical activity, rest should follow.
The pace should increase smoothly.
You should concentrate on the inflamed muscle; if the sore area is too strained, you need to stop exercising and rest.
At a time when your health is severely impaired, the training program should be somewhat simplified.
It is better if classes take place in pairs.
There is no specific exercise regimen for myositis; they are recommended for each patient individually. This takes into account the severity of the disease, the affected area, and the age of the patient.
Special attention specialists focus on water aerobics. Regular exercise allows you to quickly restore activity and increase muscle tone.
As for medicines, research is constantly underway in this area and new ones will appear in the near future. medicines, allowing you to more effectively get rid of myositis.
As a rule, people with various types of polymyositis most often either completely or partially restore lost muscle activity and tone. Therapy for fibromyositis does not allow you to completely get rid of the disease, but its progression slows down significantly if you follow all the doctor’s recommendations. Such patients manage to do without wheelchairs and other mobility aids for a long time. Against the background of concomitant diseases, such as oncology and pneumonia, the prognosis is much worse.
Infectious myositis will be cured more successfully the sooner therapy is started. Therefore, at the first symptoms of muscle inflammation, you should immediately consult a doctor.
About the doctor: From 2010 to 2016 practicing physician at the therapeutic hospital of the central medical unit No. 21, the city of Elektrostal. Since 2016 he has been working at diagnostic center No. 3.
Thank you
The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!
What is myositis?
Myositis is a lesion of muscle tissue, mainly inflammatory in nature. Myositis includes a wide group of polyetiological ( heterogeneous) diseases characterized by muscle weakness, decreased range of motion and gradual atrophy ( if we are talking about chronic myositis).Clinical picture ( symptoms) and the prognosis depends on the type of myositis. So, depending on the cause, there are several types of this disease.
The main types of myositis include:
- idiopathic myositis;
- infectious myositis;
- focal myositis;
- giant cell myositis;
- eosinophilic myositis.
Idiopathic myositis
Idiopathic myositis is a group of myositis, the nature of which is not clear. An autoimmune factor plays a major role in their development. The category of idiopathic myositis includes dermatomyositis, polymyositis, myositis in connective tissue diseases, polymyositis with intracellular inclusions.Characteristics of the main types of idiopathic myositis
Name | Characteristic |
Polymyositis | A disease characterized by the development of an inflammatory process in the muscles due to lymphocytic infiltration ( at histological examination Lymphocytes are found in muscles). Polymyositis is often accompanied by the development of pinpoint rashes on the skin. In more than 70 percent of cases, the development of polymyositis is accompanied by systemic diseases ( scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus). |
Dermatomyositis or Wagner's disease | A very severe and rapidly progressing disease of the muscles, skin and blood vessels, affecting internal organs. The reasons are also unknown, however, a large role in the development of this disease attributed to infectious factors. The disease is characterized by progressive, symmetrical weakness in the leg muscles, joint damage, and purple skin rashes. |
Polymyositis in systemic diseases | Muscle damage is a constant companion to diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic vasculitis, and Sjögren's syndrome. |
Infectious myositis
Infectious myositis is characterized by damage to muscle tissue along with symptoms such as diarrhea, weakness, and weight loss. Muscle damage most often develops with infections such as toxoplasmosis and trichinosis.For trichinosis ( a disease that also develops when meat is processed improperly) the nervous system is predominantly affected. Thus, Trichinella larvae ( source of the disease) penetrate the central nervous system with the flow of lymph or blood. The disease develops slowly and is characterized by symptoms such as headache, aches and muscle weakness.
Infectious myositis is also observed in Lyme disease, the most common disease transmitted by ticks. Bacteria enter the body through a tick bite and spread throughout the body through the bloodstream. Symptoms of the disease include fever, body aches, muscle weakness, and damage to the nervous system.
Focal myositis
Focal myositis is a fairly rare disease. It is characterized by the development of single or multiple painful lesions in various groups muscles.Giant cell myositis
A type of myositis, which is characterized by the formation of specific granulomas in the muscles ( tubercles). Symptomatically, this type of myositis is not much different from others. The main symptom is a decrease in range of motion in the limbs due to muscle weakness and atrophy. If granulomas are located superficially, then they can be palpated ( feel). Diagnosis of giant cell myositis is based on puncture of specific granulomas, in which, upon further examination, Pirogov-Langhans cells are found.Eosinophilic myositis
Eosinophilic myositis also refers to quite rare species myositis. A distinctive feature of this disease is that it is characterized by pain and tension in the neck and lower extremities, but not weakness. Histological examination reveals a characteristic picture - infiltration by eosinophils.Purulent myositis
Infectious myositis can occur in acute or chronic form. In the first case, this is, as a rule, acute purulent myositis, while the chronic form is not characterized by the development of purulent processes.The cause of purulent myositis is pyogenic flora, most often staphylococci and streptococci, less often gonococci and Ebert's bacillus. These pathogenic microorganisms enter the human body most often through open injuries. In this case, bacteria penetrate through the damaged layer of skin deep into the muscle tissue, where they trigger the process of inflammation.
Symptoms of purulent myositis are:
- local ( local) soreness;
- swelling and hardening of muscles;
- fever and chills;
- reflex contracture;
- headache.
Treatment of purulent myositis consists of massive antibiotic therapy and surgery ( in case of abscess).
Symptoms of myositis
The clinical picture of myositis, as a rule, consists of two syndromes - local and general intoxication. Manifestations of general intoxication syndrome include symptoms such as fever, chills, muscle weakness, and swollen lymph nodes. General intoxication syndrome is also manifested by changes in big picture blood, namely an increase in the number of leukocytes and an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR) . Local symptoms include local tenderness, swelling and swelling of the muscles. Symptoms of myositis are:
- muscle weakness;
- tension and swelling;
- temperature.
Pain with myositis
Pain syndrome is the main manifestation of both acute and chronic myositis. The pain may be dull ( for chronic myositis) or sharp, pulsating character ( with purulent local myositis). In this case, the pain increases during palpation ( medical palpation) and during movements. The intensity of pain increases very quickly as the disease progresses. The pain syndrome is also characterized by local swelling, muscle tension and painful compactions. These painful lumps ( also called Cornelius points) - are dense formations the size of a millet grain. Local pain and swelling are accompanied by increased skin sensitivity ( hyperesthesia). Muscle weakness is also noted, caused primarily by soreness.Expressed pain syndrome observed in neuromyositis. Neuromyositis is a form of myositis that develops due to damage not to the muscle tissue itself, but to intramuscular nerve fibers. On the electromyogram ( records electrical activity muscles) foci of denervation are identified - places of muscle tissue devoid of nerve endings. Spontaneous pain in the areas of muscle attachment is observed with polyfibromyositis. This is a type of myositis, accompanied by a pronounced reaction from the connective tissue with the subsequent development of fibrosis in the affected muscle.
Muscle weakness with myositis
Muscle weakness is a constant manifestation of all types of myositis, but is most pronounced in chronic forms. Reason this symptom is the degeneration of muscle fibers and their replacement with connective tissue. Because of this, muscle contractility is significantly reduced, which leads to limitation of motor activity. Initially, muscle weakness increases during active movements, but soon appears at rest. It becomes difficult for a person to get up, rise, and rest on his feet.Temperature with myositis
Elevated body temperature with myositis is quite common symptom. Most often it is observed in acute purulent and infectious myositis caused by streptococci and staphylococci. Fever can also be observed with myositis in the context of systemic diseases ( connective tissue diseases).In addition to the general temperature with myositis, there is a local increase in body temperature, that is, in the area of the affected muscle. Most often this is observed with focal myositis.
Neuralgia and myositis
Neuralgia is paroxysmal pain along the course of a nerve and/or its roots. Neuralgia is characterized by severe pain in the form of attacks. Neuralgia is not an independent disease, but rather a symptom. Neuralgia accompanies many diseases, including myositis. Most often, intercostal neuralgia is observed against the background of myositis of the chest and back, neuralgia of the facial and trigeminal nerve against the background of myositis of the head and neck.Occupational myositis
Occupational myositis belongs to a separate category of myositis. This is a type of myositis that develops due to the effect of constant pressure on a certain muscle group.Professions with a high risk of occupational myositis include:
- machinists;
- rollers;
- riveters;
- stenographers.
Acute myositis
A separate form of acute myositis is acute alimentary myositis, which is also called Jukes' disease. It develops due to the consumption of certain types of fish. This disease occurs in the form of individual outbreaks - epidemics. Acute nutritional myositis is based on toxic damage to skeletal muscles and kidneys.The disease begins acutely, with sudden sharp pain in the muscles of the arms, legs, lower back, and sometimes in the muscles of the chest. The pain sharply intensifies when pressing on the muscles, when breathing ( during chest movement). The pain is not constant, but paroxysmal in nature, that is, it develops like attacks. These attacks of pain can last from several hours to several days. Pain attack accompanied by increased sweating, vomiting, and dry mouth. Since the fish toxin affects not only the muscles, but also the kidneys, disorders of the urinary system are also observed. Thus, the urine becomes dark red in color and contains red blood cells, white blood cells and myoglobin ( protein normally found in muscles). The volume of daily urine decreases sharply - this phenomenon is called oliguria. The mortality rate for this disease is very high and amounts to 2–3 percent.
The causes of acute nutritional myositis have not yet been studied. It is believed that the toxin accumulates in those fish that previously fed on toxic plankton.
Chronic myositis
As a rule, the chronic form of myositis is a consequence ( outcome) acute myositis. IN in rare cases can develop as a primary form in the form of primary chronic fibromyositis.Manifestations of chronic myositis are:
- formation of painful ridges in the muscles ( myogelosis);
- infiltrates in the subcutaneous tissue;
- local pain in the form of “nerve points” of Cornelius - manifests itself when pressing on the affected muscle;
- development of painful contractures.
The types of myositis by localization include:
- neck myositis;
- myositis of the chest;
- back myositis;
- shoulder myositis.
Myositis of the neck
Neck myositis is one of the most common types of myositis. As a rule, it is infectious in nature and most often develops after a cold. With neck myositis, inflammation develops in the long muscle of the head and neck, as well as in other muscle groups.Causes of neck myositis include:
- Cooling, most often drafts. One of the most common causes of neck myositis. Against the background of local cooling, the neck muscles begin to spasm ( strain), as a result of which pain occurs.
- Neck injuries. Traumatic lesion neck muscles are no less common than drafts. In this case, myositis of the neck can be a consequence of both open injuries, and closed.
- Viruses. Inflammation in the neck muscles can occur due to general inflammation or a common cold.
- Osteochondrosis of the cervical vertebrae. Myositis may be a consequence of damage to the cervical vertebrae. Thus, the muscles of the back are mainly attached to the processes of the cervical vertebrae. When inflammation develops in them, the muscles reflexively begin to tense. The more pronounced the inflammation, the stronger the spasm in a particular muscle. IN in this case myositis can be unilateral and predominate on the side where inflammation is more developed.
The main manifestation of neck myositis is pain. The pain is constant and aching. However, they intensify when turning the head. As a result, with neck myositis, movements in the cervicobrachial region are significantly limited. Sometimes the muscles are so compressed that they compress the nerve endings and blood vessels which causes severe headaches and dizziness. Headaches can be localized in the temporal or occipital region.
Externally, the muscle swells, which is why it looks enlarged and tense. Tension is easily felt when palpating the neck. Neck myositis can be either acute or chronic. The chronic form of the disease is characterized by increased pain at night.
Myositis of the chest and back
Myositis of the muscles of the chest and back most often develops against the background of intercostal neuralgia. It can also be the result of an injury or a cold.With myositis of the chest, the pain syndrome is most pronounced. The pain is dull and intensifies when changing body position. Increased pain is also observed when deep breath or exhale. This is explained by the fact that during chest excursion ( movements while breathing) muscles stretch and change their position. Nerve endings react to this by increasing pain. It is important to differentiate chest myositis from pathology of the cardiovascular system. So, sometimes the pain can radiate to left side and simulate a heart attack.
Myositis of the back is the most common. However, as a rule, not all muscles become inflamed, but separate groups. Myositis of the lumbar muscles is most often observed. The reason for this is the constant pressure on them, because the lumbar region takes on the main load. If an inflammatory component is also added ( "stretches out his back"), then the pain can radiate to the lower extremities.
The main symptoms of back myositis are:
- nagging pain, worse in the evenings;
- limited mobility of the lumbar region;
- spread of pain in the leg.
Shoulder myositis
Shoulder myositis is characterized by the development of an inflammatory process in the muscles of the shoulder girdle. More common acute myositis which develops after injury or severe physical activity ( for example, after lifting weights).Symptoms of shoulder myositis are:
- muscle tension;
- shoulder swelling;
- sharp pain in the shoulder muscles, which intensifies with arm movements;
- aching sensations throughout the shoulder girdle.
Myositis of the gastrocnemius muscles
As an independent disease, myositis of the calf muscles is extremely rare. Most often, inflammation of these muscles is observed in systemic diseases such as scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus. The main manifestation of this disease is weakness in the legs. Initially, weakness appears only during exercise. However, as the disease progresses, pain and weakness begin to appear at rest. For some diseases ( for example, with scleroderma) connective tissue begins to grow in the muscles. This leads to atrophy of the calf muscles and disability of the patient, as movements are completely lost.Certain types of myositis include dermatomyositis and myositis ossificans.
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis ( synonyms polymyositis, generalized myositis) is a pathology that occurs with damage to muscles, skin and internal organs. This disease is a systemic disease, which means the entire body is involved in the pathological process.The causes of polymyositis have not been sufficiently studied to date. Dermatomyositis is believed to be predominantly an autoimmune disease. According to this theory, the body produces antibodies to its own tissues, in this case to muscles. Subsequently, the antibodies settle on the muscles, thereby damaging them. In addition to the autoimmune theory, other causative factors are identified in the development of dermatomyositis.
Causal factors for dermatomyositis include:
- injuries;
- effect of drugs;
- prolonged exposure to the sun.
The disease can develop acutely with a sudden deterioration in health or gradually. The main manifestation of dermatomyositis is a syndrome of muscle weakness and pain. Initially, pain appears in the lower extremities. It makes habitual active movements difficult. It becomes difficult for a person to lift his legs, sit down and stand up. Gradually, pain appears not only during movement, but also at rest. As the pain syndrome progresses, muscle weakness also increases. The muscles themselves swell, thicken and become enlarged. Swelling and muscle enlargement are characteristic of the initial stages of the disease. Subsequently, on the contrary, they atrophy, become thin and are replaced by connective tissue.
Sometimes calcium can be deposited in the muscles, leading to the development of so-called calcifications. The main difference between dermatomyositis and other types of myositis is that it occurs with the involvement of the skin in the pathological process. So, rashes appear on various parts of the body. They can take the form of bubbles, stars, or large red spots. Foci of increased pigmentation or, conversely, depigmentation are also noted ( the skin loses its characteristic color). The rash is usually accompanied by unbearable itching. Dermatomyositis is characterized by swelling around the eyes with purple erythema. This characteristic erythema around the eyes is called spectacle dermatomyositis.
Dermatomyositis also affects internal organs. The heart is most often affected ( namely the myocardium), lungs , gastrointestinal tract. The cardiovascular system is especially often affected. This is explained by the fact that the bulk of the heart is formed by muscle tissue ( the myocardium is the thickest layer), which becomes a target for dermatomyositis. Inflammation in the myocardium in this disease is accompanied by myocardial dystrophy. In this case, the function of the heart is significantly impaired. The main symptoms are rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, and uneven pulse.
There are acute, subacute and chronic forms of dermatomyositis. In the first case, the disease develops at lightning speed, muscle weakness progresses until complete immobility. The subacute form is characterized by periodic exacerbations and remissions, with the gradual development of contractures. Chronic dermatomyositis also occurs cyclically, but there are remissions ( periods of subsidence of symptoms) are the longest.
Treatment of all forms of dermatomyositis involves the use of corticosteroids. Maximum doses of prednisolone and dexamethasone are prescribed.
Myositis ossificans
Progressive myositis ossificans ( synonym fibrodysplasia) - This genetic disease, characterized by the development of ossification points in the muscles. The basis of the disease is a violation at the gene level of the process of osteogenesis ( formation bone tissue ). The disease is progressive and, fortunately, is extremely rare. There is only one laboratory in the world that studies this disease.Symptoms of myositis ossificans
The disease develops in childhood, predominantly affecting boys. An extremely specific symptom observed in children with this pathology is the pathology thumb legs. In this case, the phalanx of the finger is turned inward, and sometimes there is no joint on the finger at all. This anomaly in 90 percent of cases indicates a disease.
Since childhood, the disease occurs in the form of exacerbations. So, at about the age of 10 years, seals of various shapes appear under the child’s skin. Initially, they are localized in the neck, back, and forearms.
To localization locations primary focus ossifications in myositis ossificans include:
- paravertebral zone;
- shoulders and arms;
- head and face;
- pelvis and legs.
Death occurs due to ossification of the intercostal and abdominal muscles, which are responsible for breathing. Average age Life expectancy in this case is 10–20 years. If the respiratory muscles are not affected, then disability occurs later - by 30–40 years. There is currently no treatment.
Diagnosis of myositis
Diagnosis of myositis, like any other disease, is based on medical history ( medical history), patient complaints, objective examination and research results. Which doctor should I consult for myositis?
If you have muscle pain, you should first consult your family doctor. He will direct you to the necessary laboratory and instrumental studies. If the cause of myositis is infectious or traumatic, then the myositis is treated by a therapist.
If tests indicate a rheumatic or autoimmune nature, then you need to contact a rheumatologist. A rheumatologist deals with the diagnosis and treatment of dermatomyositis, myositis in the context of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases.
Myositis code according to ICD
International Classification of Diseases ( ICD) identifies several main types of myositis.Types of myositis according to ICD
Tests and studies for myositis
Diagnosis of myositis, first of all, includes a survey and examination of the patient. The main complaints of a patient with myositis are muscle pain, weakness, and limitation of movements. The localization of pain depends on the type of myositis. Thus, with dermatomyositis, pain initially appears in the lower extremities, with neck myositis - in the neck and occipital part of the head, with shoulder myositis - in the shoulder girdle. A medical examination reveals local pain, swelling, and edema. However, often the complaints made by the patient and an objective examination are not enough. Therefore, the diagnosis of myositis also includes additional tests.Mandatory tests for diagnosing myositis
Name | What does it show? | When does it meet? |
General blood analysis |
| Increase in ESR It is observed both in cold myositis and in myositis against the background of autoimmune diseases. |
Blood chemistry |
| High concentrations of CPK indicate damage to muscle tissue. This is observed in most types of myositis and myocardial dystrophy. An increase in C-reactive protein is usually observed in autoimmune myositis ( dermatomyositis, scleroderma). |
Biochemical urine analysis |
| The appearance of myoglobin in the urine indicates acute nutritional myositis. |
Serological analysis for the determination of specific antibodies | Myositis - specific markers are:
| These are specific markers that are characteristic of certain type myositis. For example, the Ku marker is specific for polymyositis and myositis in systemic lupus erythematosus; Scl-70 - for scleroderma. |
In addition to laboratory tests, instrumental methods are widely used in the diagnosis of myositis.
Instrumental diagnostic methods include:
- Electromyography. A method for assessing muscle weakness is based on recording the electrical activity of muscles. May indicate replacement of muscle tissue with connective tissue.
- Fluorography. Used to diagnose tuberculous myositis.
- X-ray. Uninformative in the diagnosis of myositis. May indicate the presence of calcifications or cold spots in the muscles.
Treatment of myositis
Treatment of myositis depends, first of all, on its etiology, that is, on the cause. Traumatic and catarrhal myositis require short-term therapy, while treatment of autoimmune myositis involves long-term maintenance treatment. Treatment of myositis that developed against the background of a common cold or against the background of drafts includes general and local treatment. General treatment involves prescribing painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as vitamins. Local treatment consists of warming ointments, massage, and compresses.
Drugs for the treatment of myositis
The main goal in the treatment of myositis is to eliminate the inflammatory process, so anti-inflammatory drugs form the basis of treatment. They not only eliminate inflammation, but also relieve pain. In addition to anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins, muscle relaxants, and vasodilators are prescribed.Medicines used to treat myositis
Group of drugs | Mechanism of action | Representatives and their daily doses | When are they appointed? |
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) | They have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. |
| Prescribed for infectious and traumatic myositis. For myositis of an autoimmune nature, they are also prescribed, but as maintenance therapy. |
Muscle relaxants | Relieves tension and spasm of skeletal muscles. |
| Appointed when lumbar myositis, accompanied by severe spasm, with myositis of the neck, back and shoulder. |
Vasoactive agents | They dilate blood vessels, thereby improving blood supply to the muscles. |
| Prescribed for all types of myositis, especially in cases where there is severe muscle spasm. |
Vitamins | Improve blood circulation and have a general strengthening effect |
| Assigned in the form intramuscular injections, which are given every two days, in a course of 10 injections. |
Antibiotics for myositis
For infectious myositis, antibiotics are also prescribed. The choice of antibiotic depends on the causative agent of myositis. However, it is worth noting that a specific pathogen can rarely be identified. Therefore, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed, such as penicillins and sulfonamides.Ointments for myositis
Ointments form the basis of local ( local) therapy. Basically, they also contain an anti-inflammatory component. Ointments have a local anesthetic, anti-inflammatory and warming effect.Ointments used for myositis
Treatment of myositis at home
Treatment of myositis at home is based on several principles that must be followed for a quick recovery. In addition, a competent and responsible approach to even self-treatment will help prevent the occurrence of the disease in the future.It should be noted here that only those types of disease that are not complicated by infection can be treated at home ( accompanied elevated temperature, a sharp deterioration in general condition). Treatment for such forms of myositis is prescribed only by a doctor. You should also consult a doctor if muscle inflammation is accompanied by severe pain or if there is no relief 3 to 4 days after treatment at home.
There are the following basic provisions for treating myositis at home:
- the use of patches and other therapeutic agents;
- compliance with a gentle regime of physical activity;
- correction of diet taking into account the disease;
- performing special exercises.
Plasters, compresses and other remedies for myositis
All means that are used for home treatment myositis, are based on one common action - a warming effect. The effect of heat on sore muscles can reduce pain and alleviate the patient's condition. The drugs may also have anti-inflammatory and/or analgesic effects.The following remedies are used to treat myositis at home:
- plasters;
- compresses;
- other means.
A patch for the treatment of muscle inflammation is polymer material with an adhesive surface that is attached to the skin ( sometimes on clothes) in the area of the affected muscles. The patch contains medications or herbal remedies, thanks to which a healing effect is achieved. Depending on the type of effect they provide, patches are divided into several types.
The following types of patches can be used in the treatment of myositis:
- Pepper. It is the most popular patch due to its low cost. The patch has a pronounced warming effect, which is why it should be used intermittently so as not to cause a skin burn. In addition, this product should not be used if there are rashes, cuts, or sores on the skin on which it will be attached.
- Reflecting. The principle of this patch is that it reflects the heat that the body produces. The product is attached not to the skin, but to the inside of the clothing.
- Anti-inflammatory. Such patches contain medications that achieve an anti-inflammatory effect. They use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as the main component. The most common types of anti-inflammatory patches are Voltaren ( based on the drug diclofenac) and ketotop ( based on the drug ketoprofen).
- Anesthetic. These patches are recommended for use for severe muscle pain. They contain drugs that block nerve receptors on the surface of the skin, thereby achieving an analgesic effect. The most common means of this type is the Versatis patch based on the anesthetic lidocaine. The product should not be used for more than 5 days.
- Magnetic. The design of the patch includes a magnetic plate, thanks to which a pain-relieving effect is achieved. The patch should be attached to the skin in the area of pain and left for 2 to 3 days. It is not recommended to use a magnetic patch during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Compresses for muscle inflammation are made in order to have a warming effect on the affected area. To do this, a warm mass is applied to the skin, which is fixed with plastic film to prolong the warming effect. Liquid tinctures can also be used ( they need to be rubbed in), which, due to their composition, increase blood circulation, which provides a warming effect. To prolong the effect of the compress, the application should be wrapped in warm, preferably natural, fabric ( for example, a wool scarf).
The following components are used to prepare compresses:
- heated cabbage leaves, which need to be chopped in a blender or beaten until soft;
- burdock leaves, scalded with boiling water and laid in several layers;
- warm boiled potatoes mashed with a fork ( no added salt, spices);
- a mixture of natural honey and grated horseradish ( can be replaced with black radish);
- alcohol tincture of lilac flowers ( Pour 300 grams of fresh or dried flowers with a glass of alcohol and leave for a week);
- pepper tincture ( prepared from 2 red pepper pods and 200 milliliters of alcohol).
By other means we mean various folk recipes and pharmacological drugs that have a warming and/or analgesic effect. One of the simplest and available funds in the treatment of myositis are mustard plasters. They are paper sheets covered with a thin layer of dry mustard.
When using mustard plasters, the following rules should be observed:
- a contraindication for the use of this product is a body temperature above 37.5 degrees;
- before use, mustard plasters must be immersed in a container of warm water for 30 seconds;
- Mustard plasters are applied directly to the painful area, except for the heart area;
- to enhance the effect, mustard plasters should be covered with polyethylene or a blanket;
- Mustard plasters should be kept on the skin until severe redness appears ( this usually takes 5 to 10 minutes);
- After the mustard plasters are removed, the skin should be washed with warm water ( not hot) water.
Exercise regimen for myositis
IN initial stage illness, that is, for the first 2–3 days you must follow a regimen that excludes any physical activity. This is necessary in order to provide complete rest to the inflamed muscles. Therefore, when symptoms of myositis occur at first, the patient should, if possible, always stay in bed. Once relief occurs, you should not suddenly change your regimen. Muscle recovery takes time, so for 2 to 3 weeks you should refrain from performing any activities that involve stress on the part of the body in which the inflammatory process was localized.Patient's diet for myositis
There is no special diet with strict rules for patients with myositis. At the same time, the patient must change his diet during the period of illness in such a way as to receive the maximum amount of valuable elements from his diet. This will allow the body to more effectively fight the inflammatory process.Along with food, a patient with myositis should receive the following elements:
- Vitamins A, C, E. These vitamins neutralize toxic substances that are formed as a result of the inflammatory process. IN large quantities they are present in tomatoes, sweet peppers, citrus fruits, apples, and unrefined vegetable oil.
- Protein. Protein is building material for muscles, so with myositis the need for it increases. A lot of easily digestible protein is found in lean meat ( chicken, turkey, veal
The type of exercise depends on which muscle group is affected. So, with neck myositis, it is recommended to perform circular movements and tilt your head. If the disease has affected the lower back, you need to tilt your body left and right, back and forth. For myositis of the arms, rotational movements with the hands and arms bent at the elbows will be useful. In addition to local load on specific muscles, general loads will be useful for myositis - walking or running, long walks on fresh air, sport games or dancing.Folk remedies for myositis
In folk medicine there are recipes, the use of which can alleviate the condition of a person with myositis. The use of such drugs should be supplemented with pharmacological drugs, since as the main treatment ethnoscience has a weak effect. All types of folk remedies, depending on the composition and the effect they provide, are divided into 3 categories.For myositis, the following types of folk remedies are used:
- ointments;
- tinctures;
- decoctions for oral administration.
Ointments for the treatment of myositis are made from a fat base and an additional component ( one or more). The therapeutic effect of ointments lies in their analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Butter, pork ( unsalted) or badger fat. Fat base supplemented with dry ( Necessarily) plant components.The following plants can be used to make an ointment for myositis:
- chamomile flowers;
- lilac flowers;
- horsetail;
- willow buds;
- Bay leaf.
).Decoctions for oral administration
Drinking decoctions is indicated to replenish the deficiency of vitamins and other valuable substances, which provokes the inflammatory process. Also, drinking such drinks allows you to maintain the recommended fluid volume. For this disease, you need to drink at least 2 liters per day, not counting the water used for cooking.You can prepare decoctions from various fruits and berries that have a high content of vitamins. It can be rose hips, hawthorn, cranberries, apples ( dried or fresh), prunes. Useful for myositis and decoctions of such medicinal plants like chamomile, linden.
Before use, you should consult a specialist.
What it is? Myositis is an inflammatory lesion of one or a group of muscles in the cervical, lumbar or thoracic spine. The course of the disease is accompanied by severe pain, muscle weakness and muscle atrophy (reduction in their volume and degeneration of fibers).
Lack of treatment for myositis at an early stage leads to damage to a large muscle mass (polymyositis), inflammation of the skin (dermatomyositis), nerve fibers (neuromyositis) and joints (arthritis with myositis).
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Causes of occurrence and mechanism of development
The inflammatory process in the muscles can be caused by the following reasons:
The mechanism of occurrence and course of myositis is determined by a combination of several processes. Most common cause development is the presence of infection in the body - these are viruses, coli, staphylococcus and streptococcus.
In this regard, muscle inflammation complicates the course of an infectious disease (for example, influenza, sore throat, tonsillitis, pneumonia).
A purulent infection in the body also provokes the development of myositis (purulent foci, muscle abscesses or sepsis). Its formation in muscle tissue is provoked by trauma to the skin without subsequent compliance with antiseptic rules.
An autoimmune infection can cause myositis - this process is as follows: when microbial toxins enter the body, the immune system releases antibodies that attack the connective tissue of the muscles. The body, in response to the stimulus, attacks itself.
In an autoimmune process, collagen and elastic fibers, fibrous muscle capsules, tendons are first damaged, and then the muscle tissue itself. This is how myositis develops in rheumatism, etc.
Endogenous (internal) intoxication causes the development of toxic myositis. This process is as follows: failure of internal organs (for example, heart or liver) caused by endocrine disorder(for example, toxicosis, diabetes), causes the formation of endogenous toxins in the muscles.
- External poisoning with drugs, alcohol or industrial emissions also provokes the development of myositis.
Myositis ossificans (inflammation of muscles due to injuries and bruises) leads to muscle ossification, which is caused by the deposition of salts in them. The pathogenesis of this type of myositis is not fully understood today. It is also known that it can be transmitted by heredity.
Symptoms of myositis by localization of pain
Depending on the location of the inflammatory process, the patient may experience different manifestations diseases.
Neck
Cervical myositis is usually provoked by a draft. Its manifestation occurs in the morning, one or two days after the person’s neck has been “blown out.”
- difficulty moving the head;
- pain in the frontal region, back of the head and ears;
- violation of the swallowing process;
- constant increase in pain: at first aching pain appears when moving, later it is present even at rest;
- weather changes affect the severity of pain;
- swelling in the neck area;
- redness skin neck;
- muscle weakness;
- increased body temperature (sometimes fever).
Small of the back
Myositis of the back muscles is characterized by a long course. Patients complain of severe headache and general malaise, pain that intensifies when bending or turning.
Symptoms of back muscle myositis can appear all at once or gradually as the disease progresses:
- aching pain in the lumbar muscles;
- thickening of muscle tissue;
- painful sensations when feeling the muscles;
- joint pain;
- body temperature rises;
- a state of chills appears;
- constant muscle tension is felt;
- mobility is limited.
The pain syndrome may intensify with changes in weather or atmospheric pressure.
Pectoral muscles
Thoracic myositis is characterized by an increase in pain. The pain does not leave a person even at rest.
Symptoms of thoracic myositis:
- general weakness;
- chest pain;
- a feeling of muscle spasm (numbness) (especially in the morning);
- pressing on the muscle increases pain;
- the muscles of the chest can be easily palpated (felt);
- body temperature rises and a state of chills appears;
- the skin over the problem area swells and turns red;
- when palpated, the muscles appear lumpy;
- weather changes increase pain.
Features of myositis symptoms in children
In children, signs of muscle inflammation develop a little differently. Often parents begin to treat a viral infection without medical advice, thereby putting their own child at risk. Symptoms of myositis in children:
- the child complains of pain;
- his body temperature rises;
- the child becomes weak and “lethargic”;
- he is limited in movement (depending on location);
- muscle spasms are observed;
- the skin turns red and swells (in the place where pain is present).
The severity and rate of increase of myositis symptoms indicate the severity of the disease: acute or chronic form.
The appearance of chronic myositis is a consequence of the lack of proper treatment for the acute form of the disease. With inappropriate treatment, the symptoms of chronic myositis worsen.
If you notice symptoms of myositis, you must consult a doctor who can diagnose the disease. He will collect a detailed history and consider the patient’s complaints. Depending on the degree of neglect of the disease, tests are prescribed:
- General and biochemical blood test to determine whether there is an inflammatory process in the body;
- Antibody test to rule out autoimmune disease;
- Magnetic resonance imaging to establish the exact location of muscle tissue damage;
- Electrophotography: electrical stimulators test muscle functionality;
- Biopsy of the back muscles, which is a last resort in diagnosing myositis.
The treatment regimen for myositis depends on the cause of its occurrence. The main method of therapy is to take painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, for example, Ortofen, Analgin, Diclofenac, Voltaren.
The operation is accompanied by the introduction of medications into the body to eliminate intoxication, such as immunostimulants and vitamins.
- warm compress;
- rubbing with ointments;
- exercise therapy.
In the hospital, the patient will undergo massage and physiotherapeutic procedures:
- electrophoresis,
- phonophoresis,
- diadynamic currents and others.
As a preventive measure for myositis, sanitary-resort treatment can be prescribed.
Treatment of myositis using traditional methods can also be effective, but it is better when such procedures are carried out with a comprehensive drug therapy and in consultation with the attending physician.
Healing ointments prepared from willow bud powder and butter, crushed chamomile flowers or lilac alcohol tincture will help relieve inflammation and field syndrome.
The treatment of cervical myositis is well facilitated by the application of warm boiled and mashed potatoes or cabbage leaves, which have been previously rubbed laundry soap and sprinkle with salt.
You can make compresses from burdock leaves scalded with boiling water or honey wraps.
Tinctures made from honey and apple cider vinegar, diluted with water, a decoction of Adonis herb or burdock root.
Prognosis and possible complications
As a preventive measure, you should simply take care of your health, adhering to the basic recommendations not only regarding myositis, but also other diseases:
- prevent body hypothermia;
- do not be in drafts;
- avoid carrying infectious diseases on your feet;
- exercise;
- when doing sedentary work, take breaks to warm up;
- diversify your diet with foods high content vitamins and useful minerals.
Myositis causes the development of muscle weakness - a person feels difficulty climbing stairs, it becomes difficult for him to move, and is in an upright position.
Lack of treatment leads to damage to new muscles. With cervical myositis, the larynx, pharynx and esophagus become inflamed. Inflammation in the respiratory muscles causes severe shortness of breath.
Myositis must be treated promptly to avoid muscle atrophy, which can last for the rest of life. If you notice symptoms of the disease, you should immediately consult a doctor.
