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Cop shoulder straps. XII

State public order is regulated and controlled through law enforcement agencies. In our vast country, these requirements are met police. To be able to distinguish shoulder straps foremen police, from the Major’s shoulder straps we wrote this article. Police Russian Federation has the main responsibilities and authority to perform the following actions:

Organizing order and creating safe environment for citizens of the country.
Detection and prevention of crimes and illegal actions, search for those responsible for committing a crime.
Monitoring compliance with laws and suppressing violations of the law.

A short description of law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation

The police on the territory of Russia is a complex of government bodies and services that are part of Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ministry of Internal Affairs). The actions of this complex are to create and ensure safe life for the citizens of the state. Law enforcement officials must ensure the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation.

The duties of police officers include protecting the rights of Russian citizens, as well as people from other countries who are located on the territory of the state.

The police began their activities in 2011, after a corresponding presidential decree. Article No. 14 in the regulations on Ministry of Internal Affairs RF.

A candidate for employment in Ministry of Internal Affairs are presented the following requirements:

good condition health and physical training;
presence of a military ID;
to achieve senior positions in this field, the candidate must have higher education in the field of jurisprudence;
other information that will be required when applying for a job and determining character.

You will also need other materials; they are necessary when applying for a job. All information provided is intended for the commission to determine the personal characteristics of new employees police .

Shoulder straps police Russia

On the epaulettes of a police general, it is possible to see only one star. Its diameter is 40 mm.

Appearance of the police shoulder strap

It is important to note that each title has its own distinctive features on uniform. Among them are the following characteristics:

By the number of stripes.
The size of the stars.
Color scheme.

On the lieutenant's shoulder straps there is a vertical stripe or clearance. It relates to senior and junior police officers. If the rank is increased, then instead of two stars, he will be given four.

Length of service in police

The law makes it possible to clearly examine the provisions that relate to the activities of police officers. You can also find out information about their length of service. In order to receive a long-awaited promotion in rank, you will need to work a certain amount years.

Junior ranks, which include the ranks from private to junior lieutenant, take one year to obtain each rank.

Senior sergeants and police officers with rank lieutenant And captain will receive a new title after three years.

A major will need four years, and a warrant officer and lieutenant colonel will need five years.

The important fact is that in the police there are no such ranks as corporal or march, as well as positions like general and Colonel, and also foreman are not formally determined based on length of service.

The length of service in the police is described in detail in the provisions on the activities of the legislation. Promotion of rank in the service occurs after a certain period:

Interestingly, the length of service for the rank foreman , Colonel and the general is not determined. IN law enforcement agencies there is no title corporal , marshal .

The types of placement of plates on shoulder straps differ depending on the position held:

The size of the stars attached to the epaulettes is influenced by the composition of the police, their rank and length of service.

13 mm sprockets go to employees from warrant officer to captain police. From major to lieutenant colonel, the size of the stars is 20 mm. U senior officials The sprocket size is 22 mm.

Officers and warrant officers police

Exists important feature: military and police shoulder straps They differ only in color. The same is true for warrant officers. This means that determining the rank of an employee is quite simple - you just need to look carefully at his shoulder straps, and by location, size of stars and other distinctive features draw a conclusion. All aspects appearance shoulder strap regulated by the state.

So, the rank system in the Russian police is divided into the following groups:

Sergeants are divided into:

junior sergeants;
sergeants;
senior sergeants.

Ensigns are divided into:

warrant officers;
senior warrant officers.

Lieutenants are divided into:

junior lieutenants;
lieutenants;
senior lieutenants.

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Semi-fitting dress in dark blue with V-neck, decorated with a red silk scarf (included in the set). Fabric - gabardine. According to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 575, chevrons are sewn onto the sleeves of the dress at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the shoulder. A chevron is sewn onto the left sleeve indicating membership in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and on the right sleeve there is a chevron designating the service of a police/justice officer. You can add Velcro to the chevrons. The scarf is worn with the dress in a triangle folded into a scarf, the narrow ends are tied together and tucked into the back under the collar. The wide side is tucked inside under the neckline of the dress. It is allowed to wear a summer dress without a scarf in office premises. The length of the dress along the bottom edge should be at knee level. The Police/Justice dress with short sleeves is part of the new police uniform. Example of material pattern:

Semi-fitting dress in dark blue with a V-neck, decorated with a red silk scarf (included in the set). Fabric - gabardine. According to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 575, chevrons are sewn onto the sleeves of the dress at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the shoulder. A chevron is sewn onto the left sleeve indicating membership in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and on the right sleeve there is a chevron designating the service of a police/justice officer. You can add Velcro to the chevrons. The scarf is worn with the dress in a triangle folded into a scarf, the narrow ends are tied together and tucked into the back under the collar. The wide side is tucked inside under the neckline of the dress. It is allowed to wear a summer dress without a scarf in office premises. The length of the dress along the bottom edge should be at knee level. The Police/Justice dress with short sleeves is part of the new police uniform. Example of material drawing:

The jacket is part of the daily and weekend uniform of police officers of the new model. Worn with trousers. Material: Suit (wool blend) fabric. Composition: 75% wool, 25% polyester 280 g/m2 Lining: Twill 100% viscose 105% g/m2. Slim fit, single breasted, fastened with four buttons. Turn-down collar with lapels. Shelves with cut-off barrels. Horizontal welt side pockets in a “frame” with flaps. The back has a central seam, in the lower part of which there is a vent. Sleeves are set-in, two-seam. Jacket with lining. On the left shelf of the lining there is an internal pocket with a “leaf”. Designed for employees of internal affairs bodies with special police ranks, as well as for cadets (listeners) educational institutions higher vocational education Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Has red trim on the sleeves. According to Order No. 575 of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, chevrons are sewn onto the sleeves of a suit at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the shoulder. A chevron is sewn onto the left sleeve indicating membership in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and on the right sleeve a chevron indicating the service of a police officer is sewn. You can add Velcro to the chevrons. In addition, shoulder straps with buttons are sewn onto this jacket, and two lapel emblems are also attached. How to sew on shoulder straps? For this, in addition to the jacket itself and shoulder straps, you will need a ruler, scissors, a needle, a thimble and strong red thread. Be sure to wear a thimble, even if you are used to sewing without one, as sometimes the needle passes through the shoulder straps with great difficulty, and you can injure your fingers. If you find it difficult to pull the needle and thread out of the shoulder strap, you can use pliers or tweezers. 1) First of all, prepare the shoulder straps, i.e. attach all the required insignia to it, since it will be much more difficult to do this on an already sewn shoulder strap. 2) Take the shoulder strap and position it so that the side farthest from the button is close to the seam that connects the shoulder of the jacket to the sleeve. At the same time, the upper edge of the shoulder strap, directed towards the back, should overlap the seam running along the shoulder by 1 cm. In other words, the shoulder strap should be slightly moved forward. 3) Thread a needle and fasten the shoulder strap to the jacket at three points: at the corners of the shoulder strap, at the place where it comes into contact with the sleeve seam and in the center of the semicircular cut. Now the shoulder strap will be securely fastened and will not move from correct position during the sewing process. 4) Then very carefully sew the shoulder strap around the perimeter, making stitches in such a way that only barely visible points remain on its surface in those places where the needle enters the shoulder strap, and the thread between two adjacent holes passes mainly from the wrong side (along the lining) of the jacket . Then the thread will not be noticeable even if its color does not exactly match the color of the shoulder straps. In this case, the optimal length of each stitch should be about 1 cm. 5) With the second shoulder strap, follow the same pattern. How to strengthen lapel emblems? On the collar of the jacket - along the bisector (the line dividing the corner of the collar in half), at a distance of 25 mm from the corner of the collar to the center of the emblem, vertical axis The symmetry of the emblem should be parallel to the flight of the collar. 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The women's demi-season raincoat is part of the new uniform for police officers. The raincoat has a semi-fitting silhouette, with a central inner hidden fastener with five loops and buttons and an additional top button and a through-stitched loop, on an insulated stitched lining. On the yokes in the area of the shoulder seams there are two belt loops and one non-slotted loop for attaching removable shoulder straps. Sleeves are set-in, two-seam. Patches are sewn into the lower part of the middle seam of the sleeve, fastened with a loop and a uniform button. Turn-down collar, with a detachable stand. The removable belt is threaded into belt loops located in the side seams and fastened with a buckle with a tongue, the free end of which is threaded into the belt loop. On the right hem there is an internal welt pocket with a leaf. Jacket fabric (100% polyester) with rip-stop weaving threads and water-repellent impregnation. The second layer is the membrane. Filler: Thinsulate 100 g/m. Recommended temperature regime: from +10°С to -12°С. Worn with a dark blue muffler or muffler white. It is allowed to wear a demi-season raincoat neatly folded with the front side out on the left hand. Demi-season raincoats are worn buttoned up. It is allowed to wear demi-season raincoats with the top button undone. Demi-season raincoats are worn with or without removable insulation and a belt fastened with a buckle. This raincoat has removable dark blue shoulder straps and dark blue stripes.

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Without Velcro under the chevrons. The size is indicated by the collar. You can use shoulder straps Worn untucked The belt is adjustable in size using side elastic bands 2 pockets on the chest Material: 65% Polyester 35% Viscose

Uniform skirt for employees of internal affairs bodies. Summer version made from lightweight gabardine fabric. It is part of the daily uniform of internal affairs officers. According to order No. 575, the length of the skirt along the bottom edge should be at knee level. Example of material drawing:

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All-season jacket for police officers. The jacket is elongated, straight cut with a combined (stitched and removable) insulated lining, a removable insulated hood, a removable faux fur collar. The central fastener has a two-way detachable zipper, closed with a windproof flap with buttons. A turn-down collar. In the area of the shoulder seams there are shoulder straps buttons with removable false shoulder straps for attaching insignia. In the area of the shoulder girdle of the yoke, along the line of the yoke, a red edging is sewn in. Two chest patch pockets with flaps with buttons and Velcro textile fasteners. On the vertical side of the pocket there is a fold for volume. On the bottom of the side seams there are slits fastened with a zipper. The back has a yoke, a red edging is sewn in along the yoke line. The sleeves are set-in two-seam. On the right sleeve there is a patch pocket with a vertical entrance with a zipper. A bandage with a reflective tape is sewn inside the pocket, fastened with a textile Velcro fastener. On the left shelf under the windproof flap there is an internal pocket for a pistol with a vertical entrance with a textile fastener. Inside the pocket there is a sewn cord with a carabiner for attaching a pistol. Stitched insulated lining with Fibertek-200 insulation. On the left shelf on the lining there is a chest patch pocket with a vertical entrance with a zipper. On the right and left shelves there are patch pockets with a horizontal entrance with a zipper. Along the waist line on the lining there is a drawstring with an elastic perforated braid for adjusting the volume. The free end of the braid is fastened with a button. The removable insulated hood with a fleece lining is fastened with a detachable zipper. The volume of the hood at the back of the head is adjusted with a textile fastener. The volume along the front cutout is adjusted with a cord with clamps. The chin part of the hood is fastened with a Velcro textile fastener. A removable faux fur collar with Kanekaron fiber made in Japan is fastened with a detachable zipper and loops and buttons on the collar. The collar is fastened with a patta with a textile fastener. A removable insulating lining with sleeves with knitted cuffs - wristbands is fastened with a detachable “zipper”, loops and buttons along the shoulder seams and the bottom of the sleeves. On the right shelf there is a side patch pocket with a horizontal zippered entrance. At the bottom there is a drawstring with a cord to regulate the volume, at the ends of the cord there are clamps and tips. FIBERTEK INSULATION - Perfectly retains its shape and restores it after washing. - Can be washed and dried multiple times. - Provides a greater heat-shielding effect compared to other materials of similar thickness and density. - Moisture resistant. - Stable during long-term use.

The size is indicated by the collar. Without Velcro under the chevrons. You can use shoulder straps Worn untucked The belt is adjustable in size using side elastic bands 2 pockets on the chest Material: 65% Polyester 35% Viscose

Fabric - wool mixture. Designed for employees of internal affairs bodies with special police ranks. According to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 575, chevrons are sewn onto the sleeves of the suit at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the shoulder. A chevron is sewn onto the left sleeve indicating membership in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and on the right sleeve a chevron indicating the service of a police officer is sewn. You can add Velcro to the chevrons. The jacket is short, straight cut. Central closure with detachable zipper. Turn-down collar. Shelves with detachable yokes in the shoulder girdle area. On the shelves there are chest welt pockets with figured flaps with buttons. Two side welt pockets in a frame with a zippered entrance. Back with stitched yoke. There are soft folds along the yoke line for freedom of movement. The sleeves are set-in, single-seam, with stitched cuffs fastened with buttons. At the bottom of the jacket See all products by jacket tag - a one-piece belt, the volume of which is adjusted by side sections with elastic braid. The back and shelf are lined with knitted fabric (mesh). The armholes are edged with edging braid. Straight-cut trousers. Stitched belt with six belt loops. The volume of the belt is regulated by side sections with elastic band. Two pockets in the side seams. One welt pocket with flap and internal button closure is located on the right rear half of the trousers. Red piping is inserted along the side seams of the trousers. It is part of the new police uniform.

Why Peter was the first to order buttons to be sewn on the sleeves, we already know, and now we’ll return to the shoulder straps again.

Epaulets were first introduced by Peter the Great back in 1696, but in those days, shoulder straps served only as a strap that kept the gun belt or cartridge pouch from slipping off the shoulder. The shoulder strap was only an attribute of the uniform of the lower ranks: the officers were not armed with guns, and therefore they did not need shoulder straps.

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Epaulets began to be used as insignia of rank with the accession of Alexander I to the throne. However, they did not indicate rank, but membership in a particular regiment. The shoulder straps depicted a number indicating the number of the regiment in the Russian army, and the color of the shoulder strap indicated the number of the regiment in the division: red indicated the first regiment, blue the second, white the third, and dark green the fourth.

Shoulder straps of the lower ranks of the Grenadier Regiment of His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich

Since 1874, in accordance with the order of the military department No. 137 of 04.05. 1874, the shoulder straps of the first and second regiments of the division became red, and the color of the buttonholes and cap bands became blue. The shoulder straps of the third and fourth regiments became blue, but the third regiment had white buttonholes and bands, and the fourth regiment had green ones.
Army (in the sense of non-guards) grenadiers had yellow shoulder straps. The shoulder straps of the Akhtyrsky and Mitavsky Hussars and the Finnish, Primorsky, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan and Kinburn Dragoon Regiments were also yellow. With the advent of rifle regiments, they were assigned crimson shoulder straps.
To distinguish a soldier from an officer, officer's shoulder straps were first trimmed with galloon, and since 1807, officers' shoulder straps were replaced with epaulettes. Since 1827, officer and general ranks began to be designated by the number of stars on their epaulettes: for warrant officers - 1, second lieutenant, major and major general - 2; lieutenant, lieutenant colonel and lieutenant general - 3; staff captain - 4; Captains, colonels and full generals did not have stars on their epaulettes. One star was retained for retired brigadiers and retired second majors - these ranks no longer existed by 1827, but retirees with the right to wear a uniform who retired in these ranks were preserved. Since April 8, 1843, insignia also appeared on the shoulder straps of lower ranks: one badge went to the corporal, two to the junior non-commissioned officer, and three to the senior non-commissioned officer. The sergeant major received a 2.5-centimeter-thick transverse stripe on his shoulder strap, and the ensign received exactly the same one, but located longitudinally.

In 1854, shoulder straps were also introduced for officers, leaving epaulettes only on ceremonial uniforms, and until the revolution there were almost no changes in shoulder straps, with the exception that in 1884 the rank of major was abolished, and in 1907 the rank of ordinary ensign was introduced .
Officials of some civil departments - engineers, railway workers, police - also had shoulder straps.

Shoulder straps of the Russian Imperial Army

However, after October Revolution shoulder straps were abolished along with military and civilian ranks.
The first insignia in the Red Army appeared on January 16, 1919. They were triangles, cubes and diamonds sewn onto the sleeves.

Rank insignia of the Red Army 1919-22

In 1922, these triangles, cubes and diamonds were transferred to sleeve valves. At the same time, a certain color of the valve corresponded to one or another branch of the military.

Rank insignia of the Red Army 1922-24

But these valves did not last long in the Red Army - already in 1924, rhombuses, kubars and triangles moved to buttonholes. Moreover, in addition to these geometric shapes Another one appeared - a sleeper, intended for those service categories that corresponded to pre-revolutionary staff officers.

In 1935, personal military ranks were introduced into the Red Army. Some of them corresponded to the pre-revolutionary ones - colonel, lieutenant colonel, captain. Some were taken from the ranks of the former Tsarist Navy - lieutenant and senior lieutenant. The ranks corresponding to generals remained from the previous service categories - brigade commander, division commander, corps commander, army commander of the 2nd and 1st ranks. The rank of major, abolished under Alexander III, was restored. The insignia, in comparison with the buttonholes of the 1924 model, has hardly changed in appearance - only the four-cube combination has disappeared. In addition, the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union was introduced, no longer designated by diamonds, but by one large star on the collar flap.

Rank insignia of the Red Army 1935

On August 5, 1937, the rank of junior lieutenant (one kubar) was introduced, and on September 1, 1939, the rank of lieutenant colonel. Moreover, the three sleepers now corresponded not to the colonel, but to the lieutenant colonel. The colonel received four sleepers.

On May 7, 1940, general ranks were introduced. The major general, as before the revolution, had two stars, but they were located not on the shoulder straps, but on the collar flaps. The lieutenant general had three stars. This is where the similarities with pre-revolutionary generals ended - instead of a full general, the lieutenant general was followed by the rank of colonel general, modeled on the German general oberst. The colonel general had four stars, and the army general who followed him, whose rank was borrowed from French army, had five stars.
The insignia remained in this form until January 6, 1943, when shoulder straps were introduced into the Red Army. On January 13, they began to enter the troops.

Rank insignia of the Red Army 1943

Soviet shoulder straps had much in common with pre-revolutionary ones, but there were also differences: officer shoulder straps of the Red Army (but not the Navy) in 1943 were pentagonal, not hexagonal; the colors of the gaps indicated the type of troops, not the regiment; the clearance was a single whole with the shoulder strap field; there were colored edgings according to the type of troops; the stars were metal, gold or silver, and varied in size for junior and senior officers; ranks were designated by a different number of stars than before 1917, and shoulder straps without stars were not restored.
Soviet officer shoulder straps were five millimeters wider than pre-revolutionary ones. No encryption was placed on them. Unlike pre-revolutionary times, the color of the shoulder strap now corresponded not to the regiment number, but to the branch of the army. The edging also mattered. Thus, rifle troops had a crimson background shoulder strap and black edging, cavalry had dark blue with black edging, aviation had blue shoulder straps with black edging, tank crews and artillerymen had black with red edging, but sappers and other technical troops had black but with black edging edging. Border troops and medical service had green shoulder straps with red trim, and the internal troops received cherry shoulder straps with blue trim.
On khaki-colored field shoulder straps, the type of troops was determined only by the edging. Its color was the same as the color of the shoulder strap on the everyday uniform. Soviet officer shoulder straps were five millimeters wider than pre-revolutionary ones. Encryptions were placed on them very rarely, mostly by cadets of military schools.
A junior lieutenant, a major and a major general received one star each. Two each went to a lieutenant, a lieutenant colonel and a lieutenant general, three each went to a senior lieutenant, a colonel and a colonel general, and four went to the captain and general of the army. The shoulder straps of junior officers had one gap and from one to four silver-plated metal stars with a diameter of 13 mm, and the shoulder straps of senior officers had two gaps and from one to three stars with a diameter of 20 mm.
Badges for junior commanders were also restored. The corporal still had one stripe, the junior sergeant had two, the sergeant had three. The former wide sergeant major's stripe went to the senior sergeant, and the sergeant major received the so-called “hammer” for his shoulder straps.
According to the assigned military rank, belonging to the branch of the military (service), insignia (stars and gaps) and emblems were placed on the shoulder straps. For military lawyers and doctors, there were “medium” sprockets with a diameter of 18 mm. Initially, the stars of senior officers were attached not to the gaps, but to the field of braid next to them. Field shoulder straps had a field of khaki color (khaki cloth) with one or two gaps sewn to it. On three sides, the shoulder straps had piping according to the color of the branch of service. Clearances were installed - blue - for aviation, brown - for doctors, quartermasters and lawyers, red - for everyone else. The field of an everyday officer's shoulder strap was made of golden silk or galloon. For everyday shoulder straps of engineering and command personnel, quartermaster, medical and veterinary services and lawyers, silver braid was approved. There was a rule according to which silver stars were worn on gilded shoulder straps, and vice versa, gilded stars were worn on silver shoulder straps, except for veterinarians - they wore silver stars on silver shoulder straps. The width of the shoulder straps is 6 cm, and for officers of the medical and veterinary services, military justice - 4 cm. It is known that such shoulder straps were called “oaks” in the army. The color of the piping depended on the type of military service and service - crimson in the infantry, blue in aviation, dark blue in cavalry, a gilded button with a star, with a hammer and sickle in the center, in the navy - a silver button with an anchor. General's shoulder straps of the 1943 model, unlike soldiers' and officers', were hexagonal. They were gold, with silver stars. The exception was the shoulder straps of generals of the medical and veterinary services and justice. Narrow silver shoulder straps with gold stars were introduced for them. Navy officer shoulder straps, unlike army ones, were hexagonal. Otherwise, they were similar to the army ones, but the color of the shoulder straps was determined: for officers of the naval, naval engineering and coastal engineering services - black, for aviation and engineering - aviation service - blue, quartermasters - crimson, for everyone else, including number of justice - red. On the uniform of a command and ship's personnel emblems were not worn. The color of the field, stars and edging of the shoulder straps of generals and admirals, as well as their width, were also determined by the branch of the army and service; the field of shoulder straps of senior officers was sewn from a special braid. The buttons of the Red Army generals had the image of the coat of arms of the USSR, and the admirals and generals of the Navy had the coat of arms of the USSR superimposed on two crossed anchors. On November 7, 1944, the location of the stars on the shoulder straps of colonels and lieutenant colonels of the Red Army was changed. Until this moment, they were located on the sides of the gaps, but now they have moved to the gaps themselves. On October 9, 1946, the shape of the shoulder straps of Soviet Army officers was changed - they became hexagonal. In 1947, on the shoulder straps of officers transferred to the reserve and retired by order of the Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR No. 4, a golden (for those who wore silver shoulder straps) or silver (for gold-plated shoulder straps) patch was introduced, which they are required to wear when they put on a military uniform (in 1949 this the patch was cancelled).
IN post-war period Insignificant changes occurred in the insignia. So, in 1955, everyday field double-sided shoulder straps were introduced for privates and sergeants.
In 1956, field shoulder straps for officers with stars and khaki emblems and clearances according to the branch of service were introduced. In 1958, the narrow shoulder straps of the 1946 model for doctors, veterinarians and lawyers were abolished. At the same time, the edging for everyday shoulder straps of soldiers, sergeants and foremen was also canceled. Silver stars are introduced on gold shoulder straps, and gold stars on silver ones. Clearance colors - red (combined arms, airborne troops), crimson (engineer troops), black (tank troops, artillery, technical troops), blue (aviation), dark green (medics, veterinarians, lawyers); blue (the color of cavalry) was abolished due to the liquidation of this type of troops. For generals of the medical, veterinary services and justice, wide silver shoulder straps with gold stars have been introduced, for others - gold shoulder straps with silver stars.
In 1962, the Project for the abolition of shoulder straps in the Soviet Army appeared, which, fortunately, was not implemented.
In 1963, blue lights were introduced for airborne officers. The 1943 model sergeant's shoulder straps with the sergeant's hammer are being abolished. Instead of this “hammer”, a wide longitudinal braid is introduced, like a pre-revolutionary ensign.

In 1969, gold stars were introduced on gold shoulder straps, and silver stars on silver ones. The colors of the gaps are red (ground forces), crimson (medics, veterinarians, lawyers, administrative service) and blue (aviation, airborne forces). Silver general's shoulder straps are being abolished. All general's shoulder straps became gold, with gold stars framed with edging according to the branch of service.
In 1972, ensign shoulder straps were introduced. Unlike the pre-revolutionary ensign, whose rank corresponded to the Soviet junior lieutenant, the Soviet ensign was equivalent in rank to the American warrant officer.
In 1973, encryption codes SA (Soviet Army), VV ( Internal troops), PV (Border Troops), GB (KGB troops) on the shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants, and K - on the shoulder straps of cadets. It must be said that these letters appeared back in 1969, but initially, according to Article 164 of Order of the USSR Minister of Defense No. 191 of July 26, 1969, they were worn only on the ceremonial uniform. The letters were made of anodized aluminum, but since 1981, for economic reasons, metal letters were replaced by letters made of PVC film.
In 1974, new army general shoulder straps were introduced to replace the 1943 model shoulder straps. Instead of four stars, they had a marshal's star, above which was the emblem of motorized rifle troops.
In 1980, all silver shoulder straps with silver stars were abolished. The colors of the gaps are red (combined arms) and blue (aviation, airborne forces).

In 1981, shoulder straps for a senior warrant officer were introduced, and in 1986, for the first time in the history of Russian officer shoulder straps, shoulder straps without gaps were introduced, differing only in the size of the stars (field uniform “Afghan”)
Currently, shoulder straps remain insignia Russian army, as well as some categories of Russian civil officials.

For a representative of the country's military branches, identifying ranks based on the shoulder straps they see is not particularly difficult. This is the first point that a soldier, sailor or police cadet will remember during his service. In contrast, many civilians do not know anything about the differences on their shoulder straps. But the situation in the world today is such that this knowledge about military symbols will come in handy.

Identification instructions

Soldiers' star badges on naval and army shoulder straps do not differ significantly from each other. Distinctive characteristic exclusively in rank. Troops with ground service are focused on field and everyday clothing. The difference is that the jackets for everyday wear with shoulder straps are supplemented with the symbols of the Armed Forces, which means “armed forces,” but on the camouflage itself these symbols are absent, only stripes and stars remain. There are no such differences in the navy, all shoulder straps are marked with the letter “F”, which denotes the navy, with the exception of senior staff command.
It is easy to identify an army soldier among other military personnel: there are no stripes or stars on his shoulder straps, with the exception of the abbreviation BC on his daily uniform. In the navy he is awarded the rank of sailor.
Above the soldier in command is the corporal, his symbol of pride is a single stripe. In the navy he is called the chief sailor.
The senior and ordinary sergeants have two and three stripes. In the Navy, these ranks are called petty officer of the 1st and 2nd articles.
For pride, a senior sergeant has stripes with a large width parameter; senior sergeants have two stripes - a wide and a narrow one. On a ship, such ranks are held by the chief and the ship's petty officer of the same rank.
The senior and ordinary ensign's shoulder straps include small stars: the ensign has 2, the senior - 3. The stars are arranged alternately in a row along the perimeter of the long edge of the shoulder strap. On the ship they bear the ranks of midshipman and senior midshipman.
Almost all junior officers have stars. And what distinguishes them from serving army officers is a longitudinal stripe in red that runs along the entire epaulette.
The junior lieutenant has one star, which is located near the center of the shoulder strap. As for the stars, the lieutenant has two, which are located across, the senior lieutenant has three, placed in a triangle, and the captain has four stars. IN in this case The navy has the same ranks as the navy, with the exception of captain. There he is called captain-lieutenant.
Officer sergeants wear large stars and two transverse lines of red.
The major has one unit in the center of the epaulette, the lieutenant colonel has two, which are placed in width, the colonel has three, placed resembling a triangle. On a ship, these ranks correspond to captains of three ranks from first to third.
The highest ranks of officers have shoulder straps decorated with the largest stars, without red ribbons.
The major general has one large star attached to the central part of the shoulder strap, the lieutenant general has two, which are placed along the long edge, the colonel general has stars in three units, which are located in a row in a straight line. At sea, generals are called admirals and their ranks are respectively counter-, vice-, admiral and naval admiral.

There are four stars: let’s figure out what rank corresponds to

Captains wear camouflage shoulder straps with a red line. 2 stars are located on the sides at a distance of 13 millimeters and 2 more above them, vertically on the strip in a row.

The field uniform is characterized by the fact that the shoulder straps have no stripes along the edges, and the stars are white.

Lieutenant Commander navy wears gray-black shoulder straps and yellow color lines. Two stars are located on the sides of the strip at 13 millimeters, and 2 more are located vertically above them.

Shoulder straps are part of a serviceman's clothing, and the arrangement of stars on the shoulder straps is considered to be a sign of rank among colleagues. However, it is very important to know at what distance the stars should be on this part of the uniform, since punctuality, discipline and strict adherence to instructions play a huge role in the army. A soldier's appearance must always be impeccable.

The placement of stars on shoulder straps according to certain regulations also contributes to clear orientation, that is, another person or colleague will always be able to understand what rank a given serviceman has and what his position is at the present time. In fact, in this regard, shoulder straps give almost comprehensive information. An important aspect is not only the number of stars, but also their location relative to each other.

How to properly attach stars

Shoulder insignia among military personnel are an integral attribute of a serviceman's appearance in the army, as well as in law enforcement agencies. These signs will not only help to distinguish a particular employee by rank, but also determine which specific department he belongs to.

Rank is distinguished, as a rule, by the size of the stars, their number on the shoulder strap, and also by their location on this part of the serviceman’s clothing. For citizens who decide to give their lives to service, it is necessary to know how to properly attach stars to shoulder straps.

All rules regarding this issue are provided for in special Regulations, which are drawn up and approved by the Ministry defense of our country, as well as according to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. All norms must be observed by both future military personnel and those already occupying certain positions.

If the distance between the stars on shoulder straps differs from the distance prescribed in the relevant acts, then this will be interpreted as a violation of the rules for wearing military clothing.

At what distance

In the officer corps, both senior, junior and middle, the distance at which stars are placed on shoulder straps is almost the same. The only difference is the size and location on the shoulder straps.

In accordance with the rank, a serviceman must take into account similar features, which are as follows:

A serviceman with the rank of warrant officer or midshipman wears two stars, which are located along the red line of the shoulder straps. Each star is 1.3 cm, and the distance between them must be at least 2.5 cm.
A serviceman who has received the rank of senior warrant officer or senior midshipman has one more star, that is, on his shoulder straps the number already reaches three. In this case, they should be located as follows: all three stars are attached on the same line, along the red central one. The distance and size are similar to the previous point.

A serviceman with the rank of junior lieutenant wears one star, which is identical in size to the ensign's stars, but the distance is much greater - 4.5 cm. The star should be located on the red line of the shoulder strap.
A soldier promoted to the rank of lieutenant has two stars, which are no different in size from the stars of a junior lieutenant. The distance between the stars on the shoulder straps is the same as for ensigns - 2.5 cm. They are located on both sides of the red center line of the shoulder straps.
A serviceman with the rank of senior lieutenant already receives three stars, which are the same size as on the shoulder straps of a serviceman one step lower. The distance of the stars on the shoulder straps is similar, that is, 1.3 cm. Two stars are located on both sides of the red center line, and the third is slightly higher and is located directly on the red line itself.

A serviceman at the rank of capital and lieutenant commander already has four stars, which also have the same size and similar distance as the senior lieutenant. The location is as follows: two stars on either side of the red line, just above two stars at the same distance.
A serviceman with the rank of major or captain 3rd rank has one star, which is larger in diameter than those who have the rank of captain or lieutenant. The size of the star in this case is 2 cm. The distance of the stars on the shoulder straps is 4.5 cm. The star is located between two red parallel lines on the shoulder straps.
A serviceman with the rank of lieutenant colonel or captain 2nd rank already has two stars of the same size and at the same distance as the major. Both stars are located on the red lines of the shoulder straps.

A serviceman who has received the rank of colonel or captain 1st rank has three stars on his shoulder straps, which are also 2 cm in size, and the distance between the stars on the shoulder straps of the RF Armed Forces in this case is 4.5 cm. Two stars are located on the red lines of the shoulder straps, and one slightly above and in the middle between these lines. Moreover, strictly at the same distance from the edges of the shoulder element.
The location of the stars on the shoulder straps of military personnel who have received the rank of major general or rear admiral is indicated on the center line of the shoulder straps. In this case, the distance increases to 5 cm, and the diameter of the star is already 2.2 cm. Military personnel who have received this rank have one star.
A serviceman with the rank of lieutenant general or vice admiral has two stars located at the same distance as the major general, and their size is also identical. The stars are located on the center line.
Military personnel with the rank of colonel general already have three stars, which are in one row on the shoulder strap, at the same distance, equal to 5 cm, and having the same diameter, that is, 2.2 cm. All stars are also located on the center line of the shoulder straps.
A soldier who has received the highest rank in the hierarchy currently established by the government of our country, that is, army general, police general or navy admiral, has one star, which reaches 4 cm in diameter.

The placement of stars on officers' shoulder straps is strictly prescribed by regulations, from which one cannot deviate. Moreover, the distance between the stars for each rank in this case is the same and is 2.5 cm.

How can I attach

Before attaching the stars to the shoulder straps, you need to arm yourself with a ruler, with which it is important to take measurements and mark the places where the stars will be located. It is necessary to measure from the bottom of the shoulder straps up to the center of the first star attachment.

Then you need to mark this place. It is best to use a pen or pencil. After this, use an awl to make a hole in the chase, which will be located at the location of the intended point. After such a procedure, you can insert the star into this hole and bend the lower part so that the star is held as tightly as possible. Fixing the star as tightly as possible is essential to avoid accidental loss.

What is the best way to attach stars to false shoulder straps?

Due to the fact that during combat operations, when the serviceman was required to constantly be on the move and endure physical stress, the problem of attaching stars to shoulder straps faced the military especially seriously.

Several years ago, the government of our country decided that it was pointless to fasten the stars under these conditions, since it was impossible to completely eliminate situations in which they would never come off. For this reason, they decided to use embroidery in the process of making shoulder straps. That is, it was no longer necessary to attach the stars to the shoulder straps, since the embroidered elements more than compensated for the previous methods of attachment.

When attaching stars and lapel emblems to uniform The officer must remember the size of the stars themselves. The distance between them is measured from the edge of one to the edge of the other, and not from their center. Therefore, preliminary measurements and marks must be made very carefully, taking into account such nuances. It is best to purchase several spare stars for a serviceman’s field uniform. the right size, since if one or more are lost, they can be easily replaced. Field stars need to be attached more firmly.

How are lapel emblems placed on shoulder straps?

The lapel insignia is another insignia in the army. As a rule, it is placed on the collar of outerwear, but similar distinctive features a serviceman can also be found on his shoulder straps. Such distinctive signs are also intended to be worn to determine which type of military force a given military member belongs to. As a rule, they are made of gold-plated metal.

The lapel emblems are arranged as follows:

on removable shoulder straps they are located directly on the center line of the shoulder straps, generally at a distance of 5 cm from the top button to the top edge of the emblem itself (such symbolism was used on shoulder straps attached to outerwear, however senior management did not use the logo in this way);
lapel emblems could also be placed on the collar of a military jacket, as well as jackets made of wool; the distance between the corner of the collar and the immediate middle part of the emblem, that is, the metal loop for fastening, is 2.5 cm.

Sewing on a lapel emblem is generally a more time-consuming and difficult process because it must be sewn through the buttonhole, whereas the star is attached using a more simple mechanism(legs that need to be moved apart as much as possible to increase the strength of the fastening).

Moreover, such signs are divided into light and dark. As a rule, dark lapel emblems are used exclusively for field uniforms. This insignia is also important for orientation in the rank of a serviceman and what type of troops he belongs to.

So, if you are reading this article, then you are obviously interested in the question of how to determine rank by shoulder straps. We will look at this issue later, but for now I propose to delve a little deeper into history.

Why do you think shoulder straps were originally invented? Surely you will answer that for the same thing they are used for now - the difference in military ranks. But, in fact, this is not so.

In the Russian Empire shoulder straps appeared at the end of the 15th century and served exclusively for practical purposes: they kept the belt of a cartridge bag or belt from slipping and protected the uniform from being rubbed by the gun belt. Therefore, they were worn only by soldiers and, often, only on the left shoulder. Sailors of any rank did not have shoulder straps at all, since they did not have guns or cartridge bags.

Around 1762, shoulder straps began to be used to distinguish members of different battalions. At the same time, an attempt was made to start using them to distinguish ranks, however, since there was no single standard, this idea failed.

Gave the shoulder straps the function of distinction Alexander I at the beginning of the 19th century. They were introduced for all military personnel (including officers who previously wore epaulettes that protected their shoulders from the blows of cutting weapons) only in 1855.

Since then, their appearance, color and even shape have undergone changes many times, and after the October Revolution they were completely abolished in the Red Army. However, in many regiments of the White Army, shoulder straps continued to be worn, and, thanks to Soviet propaganda, until the forties of the 20th century, shoulder straps were considered a symbol of counter-revolution and were not held in high esteem.

Despite this prejudiced attitude, at the very beginning of 1943, a decree was signed to assign shoulder straps to all employees of the Red Army, and less than a month later, on February 15, this also affected employees Navy.

Since by this time shoulder straps had no practical value and were firmly associated with soldiers Soviet army with the White Guards, the reaction to this innovation was mixed. Both Soviet newspapers and fascist ones, openly ridiculed this idea. But the Soviets were perplexed, not understanding why returning to the old foundations, and the fascists were gloating, considering Stalin’s move to be a manifestation of weakness and fear of the enemy.

In fact, this idea matured already in 1935. By 1941, samples of both uniforms and new shoulder straps were ready. Despite wartime and negative reaction, innovations, however, were not rejected or postponed and were even able to inspire the army.

Our days and differences

As you can see, a lot has changed since the appearance of shoulder straps to the present day: from their function to their appearance.

Today there are 20 ranks in use, divided into military and naval. The ranks correspond to each other in the hierarchy in the system and have the same symbols on their shoulder straps. For ranks below ensign, insignia are provided, which have only stripes (these are corners) on a uniform background; for ranks above, stars are depicted.

There are stars different sizes:

huge - 40 mm;
large - 22 mm;
large - 20 mm;
small - 13 mm.

Besides this, there are so-called gaps- these are lines running through the entire shoulder strap, but not across, like stripes, but along the length. One gap is depicted for junior officer ranks, two for senior officers. Generals, warrant officers and lower ranks do not have them.

Ranks are awarded to military personnel for length of service or personal merit.

What shoulder straps look like

If you see shoulder straps of a uniform color, on which there is nothing at all, then in front of you is a sailor or private.
And if there is a badge, this is already a corporal, who corresponds to the ship’s rank of “senior sailor.”
Two badges indicate a junior sergeant or sergeant major of the 2nd article.
If the uniform has shoulder straps with three stripes, then their owner is a sergeant or sergeant major of the 1st article.
One wide stripe indicates a senior sergeant or chief petty officer.
One wide stripe and one regular one - on the insignia of a petty officer or chief petty officer.
Two stars on a military man's shoulder straps indicate that he is an ensign or midshipman.
Three small stars indicate a senior warrant officer or senior midshipman.
One small star with one gap is depicted on the insignia of junior lieutenants.
Two small stars and one gap on the lieutenants' insignia.
Three small stars and one skylight are depicted by senior sergeants.
Four small stars and one space identify a captain or lieutenant commander.
Two gaps and one large star located between them mean that you see a major or captain of the 3rd rank.
Two large stars and two gaps - already a whole lieutenant colonel or captain of the 2nd rank.
Three large stars and two gaps are the signs of a colonel or captain of the 1st rank.
One large star with a background of zigzags rather than a solid color is a major general or rear admiral, who are in high command.
Two stars on a background of zigzags - lieutenant general or vice admiral.
Three stars on a background of zigzags - colonel general or admiral.
Four stars on the same background - general of the army or admiral of the fleet, the highest rank at the moment.
And finally, one huge star next to the coat of arms of the Russian Federation on a painted yellow shoulder strap belongs to the marshal.

As you can see, there is one less rank in ship ranks, so the highest rank is considered Marshal of the Russian Federation. However, at the moment no one holds the rank of marshal; the last marshal was Russian Defense Minister Igor Sergeev, who died in 2006.

It is also worth noting that the ranks of chief petty officer and chief petty officer have not existed since 2012, although they may still appear in documents to this day.

Perhaps, after reading, someone still wonders: what kind of shoulder straps did the Generalissimo himself have? So, the same as the marshal's. The uniform and distinctive insignia were developed specifically for this highest rank, but were not approved before Stalin’s death, and after these developments turned out to be unnecessary.

In addition, many of you probably know that The ground forces have two types of uniforms: everyday and field, but their distinctive signs remain the same. The only difference is that on the everyday one the letters “VS” are indicated, that is, “armed forces”, and on field uniform they are missing. However, this will not prevent us from identifying the military rank, right?

Video

From our video you will learn a lot of interesting things about military ranks and the insignia that corresponds to them.

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