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What juices can you drink after a heart attack? Nutrition for myocardial infarction in the subacute period, general principles

All patients who have suffered acute coronary heart disease need long period rehabilitation. Proper nutrition after myocardial infarction is one of the components of this complex process. Dosed physical activity and a rational diet will benefit anyone healthy person. And for patients in a cardiology hospital, these affordable things become vital.

There are several general requirements to the diets of cardiac patients. Daily food should contain a minimum of calories and stimulate weight loss in patients. However, the dishes must be completely balanced, have sufficient vitamin and electrolyte components, and promote rapid scarring of the affected areas of the myocardium.

Experts identify three main stages in a therapeutic diet after an illness. acute necrosis myocardium. It all depends on the statute of limitations of the pathological process:

Stages of a therapeutic diet after myocardial infarction (MI)

Recovery stages	Duration	Organization of nutrition for the patient
1	It lasts 2-6 days after the onset of the disease.	During this period, nutrition for myocardial infarction in intensive care is usually considered. The frequency of meals ranges from 6 to 8 times a day, and the portions themselves should not exceed 150 - 200 grams.
2	It takes from 15 to 20 days from the date of admission of the patient to the hospital.	The diet during this period of time is no longer so strict. The patient is in the ward general department, he is allowed dosed loads that require the appropriate amount of calories. The number of meals is reduced to 4 - 5 times a day and special mechanical preparation of dishes is not required.
(or the period of scar formation on the heart muscle)	Begins from 26 to 28 days after the onset of the disease.	The diet is expanded, the patient is allowed to eat salt, but not more than 2 - 3 grams per day. The patient's diet has dietary basis, but the amount of liquid is significantly reduced.

After inpatient treatment dietary restrictions are aimed at reducing the patient’s weight and reducing the risk of developing vascular atherosclerosis.

Diet for men

Nutritional therapy for cardiac patients differs for men and women. This is due to hormonal factors. The diet after myocardial infarction for men is based on the need to critically reduce the level of cholesterol in the patient’s blood.

To do this, nutritionists adhere to several simple rules:

Animal fats and butter are completely excluded from the patient's diet. It is recommended to use olive or hemp oil for cooking.

Nutrition during myocardial infarction in the first days should be based on seafood. Special benefit During this period, the use of dishes from mussels, shrimp and sturgeon caviar can be brought.

Vegetables and fruits in the patient’s diet will significantly increase the fiber content, which will lead to normalization of the gastrointestinal tract and reduce the load on the provoked heart muscle.

Salt is completely prohibited during this period. The first grams of this mineral can be introduced into the patient’s diet 3 to 4 weeks after the onset of the disease.

Menu for women

A woman’s hormonal system is a reliable protection of the coronary vessels of the fair sex from blood clots and atherosclerosis. The hormone estrogen, produced in women throughout reproductive age, protects patients from the development of necrosis of the heart muscle.

Most often, heart problems begin in the fair half of humanity after 55–60 years. Nutrition after myocardial infarction for women, or rather its features, is aimed at reducing blood sugar levels. It is the increase in glucose that is the main reason for the increase in cardiac pathology in patients.

The process of scarring and stabilization in women is usually shorter than in men. The frequency of meals is also 5-7 times a day; meals should be light, tender and not cause fermentation in the intestines. What can patients in a cardiology hospital eat after a myocardial infarction?

To begin with, you can use various dairy products, vegetable decoctions and liquid boiled porridges based on vegetable oil.

Many patients ask: “How to lose weight after myocardial infarction?” With complete abstinence from salt, sugar, fatty and fried foods the patient's weight will quickly come to physiological norm, and blood sugar will drop to acceptable levels.

Dietary restrictions after acute necrosis of the heart muscle

Myocardial infarction is quite serious illness Therefore, significant dietary restrictions are required from patients during treatment. There is a whole list of products prohibited for use in the diet of cardiac patients. So, what should you not eat if you have a myocardial infarction?

First of all, it is necessary to remove from the patient’s diet:

salo;

smoked meats;

spicy and salty dishes;

Until 4-5 weeks after the onset of the disease, salt is generally prohibited.

grape;

legumes;

coarse fiber of plant origin;

tomatoes and their derivatives.

Not all vegetables and fruits can be used in the diet after acute necrosis of the heart muscle. Nutritionists recommend avoiding:

gooseberries;

black currant;

radish;

sorrel.

These gifts from gardens and vegetable gardens contain oxalic acid, which can cause relapses of problems with coronary vessels and negatively affect the functioning of the heart muscle during this difficult period.

Patient questions about products

There are a number of products whose use for heart problems is of concern to a wide range of people. It is worth understanding the nuances of using each individually in food.

Garlic

First of all, men are interested in whether it is possible to eat garlic after a myocardial infarction. The vegetable has been used in folk medicine for many years. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and bactericidal effect helped a large number patients to stop using chemicals medicines. Heart disease is no exception.

Doctors have proven that this product has a beneficial effect on coronary vessels, reducing the risk of blood clots several times. However, given the severity of the condition of patients after myocardial infarction, garlic can be eaten only 3 weeks after the onset of the disease and only with heat treatment. In this form, it irritates the gastric mucosa less and has a more effective effect on the blood vessels of the heart.

Honey

Honey for myocardial infarction is the main sugar substitute. The use of this delicacy stimulates the gastrointestinal tract, improves immunity, and normalizes the level of vitamins and microelements in the blood. Honey helps relieve psycho-emotional agitation typical of patients with cardiac pathology.

Being one of the few natural stimulants protective forces of the human body, honey accelerates regeneration processes and promotes rapid scarring of areas of necrosis.

Chicken liver

Is it possible chicken liver after myocardial infarction? The answer from nutritionists will be only positive. This by-product is extremely different high content iron and other beneficial microelements.

Iron helps to increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood, which leads to a decrease in hypoxia in tissues caused by necrosis of the heart muscle. In addition, the presence of selenium in the liver regulates the hormonal component of the patient’s body, and the amino acid “Tryptophan” relieves tension from the central nervous system and guarantees peace and good dream to the patient.

The dietary focus of the product and sufficient calorie content make chicken liver a valuable product when feeding patients with heart disease.

Nutrition for patients undergoing stent placement

Quite often in cardiology there are situations when saving a patient’s life requires surgical treatment myocardial infarction. Postoperative period and the time after the operation differs little from the care of other patients with necrosis of the heart muscle.

The diet after stenting for myocardial infarction also practically corresponds to the recommendations of nutritionists for other patients in this category. Feeding patients is usually carried out in portions of 100 - 150 grams 6 - 8 times a day. The last meal is allowed no later than 19 hours, so that the process of digesting food does not affect the work of a sick heart at night.

The calorie content of this diet is also quite low. The maximum number of calories should not exceed 1000 - 1200 per day. Salt is allowed no more than 2 - 3 grams per day, but the percentage of fresh fruits and grains in food during this period must be sharply increased.

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Stages of recovery and their role in nutritional choices

The period after a heart attack is divided into 3 stages, each of which has its own characteristics of the diet. The first (acute) stage lasts from 10 to 14 days. During this period, the patient must sharply reduce the daily calorie content of the menu and exclude dishes and products containing harmful cholesterol and large amounts of fat: butter, pates, cream, fatty sour cream, eggs. At the same time, the content of vitamins and nutrients should be maximum. This is necessary to restore normal myocardial function, regulate electrolyte and salt balance, and improve oxygen transport to tissues (myocardial oxygen demand after an attack increases several times).

The second and third stages require enhanced vitamin “feeding”. The patient should receive sufficient quantity potassium, sodium and other minerals responsible for metabolic processes in myocardial tissues. The daily menu must necessarily include dried fruits (dried apricots, raisins, prunes), vegetables and fruit juices, leafy greens.

Some patients try to compensate for a meager and monotonous diet by taking vitamin and mineral supplements. Such a measure cannot fully support a weakened body, since synthetic vitamins are more difficult to absorb and can create additional stress on the liver. Nutrition plays a role in myocardial infarction big role in the process of recovery, so you cannot neglect the recommendations of specialists.

Basic Rules

Doctors believe that a properly composed menu after a heart attack is half the success on the road to recovery. To reduce the load on organs, provide the body with useful substances and improve heart function, you need to adhere to special diet and medical recommendations. The diet for myocardial infarction is based on 6 rules that are mandatory for any of the three periods of the disease.

Rule 1

Eating should be regular. Fasting, dieting and other restrictions in patients who have had a heart attack can cause a second attack.

Rule 2

The drinking regime is limited to 1.5-1.8 liters of liquid per day. This measure allows you to avoid fluid retention in the subcutaneous fat. Prevention of edema prevents dropsy of internal organs, including dropsy of the heart. This volume includes all liquid dishes and drinks (soups, jelly, liquid sauces).

Rule 3

The calorie content of the diet should be reduced to the minimum values necessary to ensure physiological processes. A specialist should determine specific numbers, since obese people need a little more calories to maintain organ function compared to patients with a normal physique.

Rule 4

Consumption of salt and sugar, as well as any spices, herbs and seasonings should be kept to a minimum. These substances increase appetite and negatively affect the functioning of internal organs. Salt and spices promote water retention in tissues; sugar can cause a glycemic crisis in patients with diabetes.

Rule 5

All food should be at room temperature. Eating food from the refrigerator is not allowed. If the patient wants to drink kefir, it is necessary to take it out for 20-30 minutes so that the temperature of the drink rises. The same applies to hot food. The comfortable temperature of ready-made meals for patients after a heart attack is 28-32 degrees.

Rule 6

Meals should be small and frequent. The volume of one serving is no more than 180-200 g. This recommendation on nutrition after myocardial infarction is especially relevant for men, since the stronger sex is not used to limiting themselves in the amount of food they eat. The number of meals is at least 6. Cardiologists advise eating at least fruit every 2.5-3 hours. Longer breaks have a negative impact on the condition of the cerebral vessels and the general well-being of the patient.

What foods can you eat?

Vitamins during a heart attack must be constantly supplied to the patient’s body, since there is a deficiency of even one required element may lead to disturbances in myocardial function. One of essential vitamins for the heart is vitamin E. This is a natural antioxidant that improves metabolic processes and slows down the process of aging and cell wear. A lot of vitamin E is found in vegetable oils and nuts. Nuts are a very high-calorie product, but you shouldn’t exclude them completely from your diet. 8-10 nuts 2-3 times a week definitely won’t hurt.

Among the oils, preference should be given to sesame, pumpkin, almond and olive. When choosing, you need to pay attention to the class of the product (for heart diseases, the oil should be cold-pressed and marked “luxury” or “premium”).

It is equally important to ensure sufficient potassium intake. This essential element diets after a heart attack, especially for men, since they require almost 2 times more of this mineral compared to women. Potassium is found in dried fruits, leafy greens, and vegetables. Apricots, plums, and grapes are also rich in this element, so during the season these fruits must be present on the table.

The menu after a heart attack should contain other product groups, for example:

low-fat dairy products (kefir, skimmed milk, cottage cheese 0.8-1.5%));
boiled or baked meat (rabbit, beef, turkey, skinless chicken);
boiled fish (all varieties);
fruits and vegetables, herbs, berries in season (potatoes only “in their jacket”);
good quality natural tea;
bread made from rye flour;
cereals (buckwheat, rice).

In the acute period, experts recommend consuming no more than 1000-1200 calories per day. For women, this figure drops to 900-1000 calories. This measure is associated with the need to unload the heart muscle, weakened by the attack. As the patient recovers energy value gradually increases by adding dishes with increased content useful substances.

What foods should you exclude?

The diet after a heart attack, for both men and women, involves the rejection of certain types of foods, since they do not carry nutritional value, negatively affect the functioning of the myocardium and internal organs, and can provoke a violation of fat and carbohydrate metabolism. These products include:

whole milk and full-fat dairy products;
alcoholic drinks;
confectionery and sugar (with the exception of a small amount of natural marmalade or marshmallows);
fatty meat (pork, bacon, meat with pieces of fat);
butter and vegetable oils of unknown origin;
fish caviar;
seafood (consumption of 50-100 g per week is allowed in the absence of allergies);
carbonated products;
legumes (can cause bloating).

Nutrition after a heart attack is the most important element recovery period. The success of other measures aimed at returning the patient to normal life. Failure to follow the doctor’s recommendations can negatively affect the patient’s condition and increase the risk of a recurrent attack, so you need to approach menu planning responsibly. Healthy eating during this important period is the key to quick rehabilitation and a long (as far as possible) life.

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mustard, horseradish and other hot seasonings, smoked foods, strong tea and coffee (stimulate nervous system, contribute to the occurrence of spasms blood vessels), as well as foods rich in cholesterol (offal, egg yolks).

For overweight people, the calorie content of food should not exceed 2250 kcal, and for normal weight people - 2750 kcal. Obese patients reduce the amount of bread, flour products, and sweets they consume.

vegetables, berries, fruits (promote normal operation intestines), as well as foods that prevent obesity: cottage cheese, cauliflower, oatmeal, soaked herring, cod;
seafood products (shrimp, crabs, mussels, seaweed, etc.) containing many mineral salts, proteins and vitamins.
As directed by the doctor, fruit or vegetable fasting days are arranged. Quantity free liquid limited to 0.8 l. Of the vitamins, ascorbic acid (rose hips, black currants, strawberries, oranges, lemons, apples) and B vitamins (soybeans, potatoes, cabbage, buckwheat) are especially useful.
Fresh herbs are added to food, and in winter its absence is compensated for with a decoction of dried rose hips, black currants, and multivitamins.

Potassium salts (raisins, prunes, dried apricots, apricots, potatoes) have a beneficial effect on contractility myocardium, dilate blood vessels.

Magnesium salts (nuts, rose hips, soybeans, beans, figs) reduce arterial pressure, has a calming effect on the nervous system, reduces cholesterol levels in the blood.

When dieting after a heart attack, the following are allowed:

tea with milk, with lemon, natural coffee, vegetable, fruit and berry juices, rosehip infusion, bran decoction with honey and lemon juice;
black bread;
butter (unsalted, melted), vegetable (20-25 ml per day);
borscht, cabbage soup, vegetable, cereal, vegetarian, fruit soups (once a week - with meat or chicken broth);
lean beef, lamb, pork, poultry and fish (150 g once a day) in pieces, as well as in the form of steamed cutlets and meatballs;
porridge and pasta dishes;
vegetable side dishes (except for legumes);
1 egg per day (use only whites);
natural cottage cheese, mild cheese, sour cream, cream, kefir, etc.;
milk, sour cream, sweet and sour sauces (based on vegetable broth);
salads, especially leafy and fruit salads, vinaigrettes, boiled fish in vegetarian jelly, vegetable caviar homemade, vegetable meat pate, lightly salted black caviar (20 g 1-2 times a week);
compotes, jelly, creams, jellies, mousses, raw and baked fruits, preserves and jams.

When dieting after a heart attack, the following are excluded:

strong meat and fish broths;
fried meat, fish, poultry, especially lard, spicy salty dishes and snacks, canned food, smoked meats, sausages, soft bread, alcoholic drinks.

Diet after a heart attack. Sample menu for a heart attack day

1st breakfast. Millet porridge, tea with milk.

2nd breakfast. 1 orange.

Dinner. Vegetable salad, cranberry soup on rice water, cabbage casserole with noodles, bran decoction with honey and lemon juice.

Afternoon snack. Low-fat cottage cheese with sour cream, weak coffee.

Dinner. Cabbage salad, steamed shrimp pudding, boiled rice, fruit juice.

For the night. Kefir.

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Diet after a heart attack

Diet after myocardial infarction improves blood circulation and metabolism

Myocardial infarction - serious complication coronary disease heart demanding complex treatment, in which proper nutrition plays vital role. For this purpose, nutritionists have developed a special therapeutic diet after a heart attack.

Causes, symptoms and nutritional habits after a heart attack ^

Myocardial infarction develops due to blockage blood clot(thrombus) of the coronary artery. In this case, oxygen supply to the heart tissue area is disrupted, cell death occurs, and a scar forms at the site of the cardiac “catastrophe.”

Atherosclerosis is considered the main culprit in the occurrence of heart attacks. However, there are other factors that significantly increase the likelihood of the disease:

Obesity, excess weight, physical inactivity.
Male gender. Women suffer from heart attacks after 50 years of age on an equal basis with men.
Heredity.
Smoking.
Elevated blood cholesterol levels lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. They are the ones who block the vessel.
Hypertension.
Diabetes.

The main symptom of a heart attack is severe pain in the center of the chest. Even at rest, the pain is burning, pressing, reminiscent of angina, but more pronounced. Painful sensations can be given to different parts of the body.

A heart attack is often accompanied by a lack of oxygen, suffocation, heart rhythm disturbances (interruptions), nausea or vomiting. However, sometimes it happens that the disease is detected only during echocardiography. Most often, asymptomatic heart attack, not accompanied by pain, occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Features of therapeutic nutrition for heart attack

Restoring health after a heart attack is not an easy task; this requires a set of measures, including drug treatment, physical therapy, refusal bad habits And therapeutic nutrition.

Diet after suffered a heart attack approved by the Institute of Nutrition (diet No. 10). Treatment menu aimed at improving blood circulation, normalizing metabolic processes, performance improvement of cardio-vascular system, liver and kidneys.
The energy value of the diet is reduced due to fats and carbohydrates. Heavy foods, foods that excite the nervous system, irritate the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys and cause flatulence are excluded.
Priority is given to foods rich in lyotropic substances, potassium and magnesium. Food is prepared using dietary methods (stewing, boiling, steaming, baking) and without salt. Liquid is limited to 1.2 liters.
Dietary nutrition is aimed at eliminating the causes of the disease. To reduce blood cholesterol levels, it is recommended to exclude fatty foods. protein products from the diet. Limiting salt reduces the risk of hypertension.
It is vital for overweight patients to lose excess weight. This will not only reduce the excessive load on weakened heart muscles, but also normalize lipid metabolism.

Vegetarian first courses
Lean fish and poultry.
Inconvenient pastries and daily bread or crackers.
Milk products.
Pasta dishes (not premium) cereals.
Baked or boiled vegetables.
Fruits, berries.

Prohibited foods :

Baked goods, fresh bread.
Rich broths (from mushrooms, meat, fish).
Fatty meat, kidneys, smoked meats, sausages.
Marinades, salted fish and cheese.
Beans.
Coarse fiber.
Tea (strong), coffee and chocolate.

Myocardial scarring occurs after 3 weeks. During this period, therapeutic nutrition is strictly controlled by a doctor. Food prepared in a dietary manner is served without salt, pureed. Portions are small, but meals are recommended up to 8 times a day. The diet consists mainly of liquid cereals, vegetable soups and low-calorie dairy products. Calorie content does not exceed 1000 kcal.

After discharge from the hospital, the diet becomes less strict, but salt, fatty foods, strong coffee and tea, alcohol and confectionery are still prohibited. The patient's daily caloric intake should be about 1400 kcal.

Taking into account the characteristics of the body, the diet for each patient is prepared individually by the doctor. For example, a diet after a heart attack for women is more (than for men) aimed at lowering blood sugar. The post-heart attack diet for men focuses on lowering cholesterol levels. In both cases, the diet may differ, but it is made up of permitted products and has the same restrictions.

Diet after a heart attack: sample menu and features ^

Feeding the patient should be frequent and divided and carried out in 7-8 doses per day.

Sample menu V acute period after an attack it may be as follows:

Compote without sugar, from prunes, 1/2 cup of low-calorie kefir.
Cereal porridge with milk, half a glass carrot juice+ teaspoon olive oil, grated apple.
Chicken breast (50 gr.), rosehip decoction.
Half a glass of carrot juice with olive oil.
A piece of steamed fish (50 g) and vegetable broth.
Half a glass of jelly.
Grated low-fat cottage cheese and half a glass of blackcurrant juice.
Half a glass of curdled milk.

Gradually, the diet expands, but meals still remain fractional. From 2-4 weeks the diet may look like this:

A glass of rosehip decoction.
Buckwheat porridge, not pureed. Salad of greens, cucumbers and tomatoes, tea with a spoon of sugar.
Vegetarian borscht, boiled chicken and rice, freshly squeezed apple juice.
Cottage cheese with a teaspoon of sugar, pear, compote.
Vegetable puree, a piece of fish, tea.
Milk and crackers.
Cottage cheese with raisins and a teaspoon of sour cream, apple, tea.
Kefir and steamed prunes.

As the patient's condition improves, the daily calorie content increases to 2200 kcal. You can switch to four meals a day, making up your menu from permitted foods, gradually including salt.

Diet after extensive heart attack for the recovery period should contain no more than 10% fat, about 30% protein and 60% complex carbohydrates. Meals are also four times a day, up to 7 grams permissible. salt, before going to bed you can drink fermented baked milk or kefir. It is recommended to drink 3 glasses of water and get the same portion of liquid with food.

The diet after a heart attack and stenting is recommended by the doctor individually. Its goal is to reduce cholesterol levels and the risk of plaque formation. Therefore, the content of animal fats is reduced to a minimum. You will have to monitor your cholesterol levels especially carefully.

Results, recommendations and reviews from doctors about nutritional therapy after a heart attack ^

Strict adherence to the diet will shorten the period of illness and rehabilitation. The results of a diet after a heart attack are quite positive, since thanks to it the patient will be able to return to their usual lifestyle in a shorter period of time. It is especially good if the patient develops correct eating habits.

The death of cardiac muscle tissue occurs, the cause of which is a violation of blood circulation and metabolic processes. Nutrition is not a cure for this pathology, but it can improve the patient’s well-being and protect him from relapses. It is important to reduce the amount of calories, salt and fluid you consume so as not to overload already damaged organs. Also, the diet must contain foods that stimulate the digestive system.

Diet after myocardial infarction

On different stages disease the patient requires different food. The doctor will assess the patient’s condition and then prescribe one of three diet options:

The importance of proper nutrition after myocardial infarction

Doctors recommend that after a myocardial infarction not to eat food later than 15:00 in the afternoon and in no case to eat at night. It is unlikely that a sick person will want to overeat in such a state, but, nevertheless, this process must be controlled. The main points of therapeutic nutrition after myocardial infarction:

Don't overuse salt. This substance thickens the blood and retains fluid in the body, which is very harmful for such patients.
Include vitamin-rich foods in your diet and . This is , and .
Don't drink alcohol. Alcohol, like coffee and strong tea, are strictly contraindicated for those who have already suffered a myocardial infarction.
Limit fat intake, this especially applies to margarine, butter, lard and dishes prepared using these products.

Doctors helped the man survive and stabilized his condition. Now the most important thing is to support him and take care of yourself.

Sample menu after a heart attack

There is a list certain products, which will be especially useful in the post-infarction period. They do not overload the stomach, are low in calories, but are rich in vitamins and other microelements that will support the functioning of the heart muscle. So, here is what doctors recommend to include in the diet of a person who has had a heart attack:

Cereals – , ;
garden berries, fruits, especially citrus fruits;
fresh vegetables, emphasis should be placed on different kinds cabbage;
greenery, ;
milk, products made from it, non-spicy hard cheese is not prohibited;
sea fish, preferably white varieties;
lean meat, poultry;
dried fruits - , ;
whole wheat bread.

The strictest diet is observed in the first days after a heart attack.. Portions are prepared very small, all dishes are ground or crushed in a blender. Vegetables and cereals must be well boiled and under no circumstances should they be salted. In total, no more than 1000 kcal per day is allowed, but even this amount is reduced if the patient is overweight.

Here is what a sample menu for a “severe” patient would look like:

In the future, as the patient’s condition improves, he is transferred to diet No. 10. You can increase the portions - accordingly, the number of calories per day will increase. Now there can be up to 1400, but you must not forget about fractional meals and control the consumption of fats and carbohydrates. The menu is complemented by an omelet made from proteins, low-fat and, vegetable salads and soups, steamed cutlets and meatballs made from meat or fish.

For dessert you can eat not very sweet mousses and fruit jellies, jelly casseroles with cottage cheese, pasta or sour cream. Recommended drinks – herbal teas, compotes and fruit drinks, clean mineral water without gas.

Detailed approximate diagram nutrition after a heart attack in accordance with the requirements of therapeutic diet No. 10 you can see in the table:

A proper lifestyle plays a huge role for everyone who monitors their health, in particular the heart. Strict nutrition management is necessary, otherwise there will be no medications, nor a vacation in a sanatorium will not have the desired effect. To a large extent, it depends on the consciousness of the patient himself how quickly he will recover and be able to live, if not in the usual rhythm, then at least in one close to it. That is why it is imperative to adhere to a strict diet immediately after a heart attack, and monitor your diet for the rest of your life. This is one of the main guarantees that it will last for many more years.

Konev Alexander, therapist

All patients who have suffered acute coronary heart disease require a long period of rehabilitation. Proper nutrition after myocardial infarction is one of the components of this complex process. Dosed physical activity and a rational diet will benefit any healthy person. And for patients in a cardiology hospital, these affordable things become vital.

Read in this article

There are several general requirements for the diets of cardiac patients. Daily food should contain a minimum of calories and stimulate weight loss in patients. However, the dishes must be completely balanced, have sufficient vitamin and electrolyte components, and promote rapid scarring of the affected areas of the myocardium.

Experts distinguish three main stages in a therapeutic diet after acute myocardial necrosis. It all depends on the statute of limitations of the pathological process:

Stages of a therapeutic diet after myocardial infarction (MI)

Recovery stages	Duration	Organization of nutrition for the patient
1	It lasts 2-6 days after the onset of the disease.	During this period, nutrition for myocardial infarction in intensive care is usually considered. The frequency of meals ranges from 6 to 8 times a day, and the portions themselves should not exceed 150 - 200 grams.
2	It takes from 15 to 20 days from the date of admission of the patient to the hospital.	The diet during this period of time is no longer so strict. The patient is in the ward of the general department, he is allowed meals that require the appropriate amount of calories. The number of meals is reduced to 4 - 5 times a day and special mechanical preparation of dishes is not required.
(or the period of scar formation on the heart muscle)	Begins from 26 to 28 days after the onset of the disease.	The diet is expanded, the patient is allowed to eat salt, but not more than 2 - 3 grams per day. The patient's diet has a dietary basis, but the amount of fluid is significantly reduced.

Stenting is performed after a heart attack to restore blood vessels and reduce complications. Rehabilitation takes place with the use of medications. Treatment continues afterwards. Especially after a major heart attack, monitoring of exercise, blood pressure and general rehabilitation is necessary. Do they give you disability?

Drinking alcohol after a heart attack is not recommended at all. Although some argue that it is not only possible, but necessary for women and men even after stenting. How much beer, red wine and vodka can you drink?

Exercise stress after myocardial infarction and correct image life can return a person to duty within 4-6 months. How to recover?

After myocardial infarction, treatment must be carried out in mandatory. What drugs will be most effective for the patient?

Not everyone can drink coffee after a heart attack. Actually, like not all cores, it is prohibited. So is it possible to drink coffee after a heart attack, for hypertensive patients, and for arrhythmia?

NUTRITION IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THERAPEUTIC NUTRITION IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

The main objectives of therapeutic nutrition are:

1. Promote recovery processes in the heart muscle.

2. Improve blood circulation and metabolism.

3. Eliminate stress on the cardiovascular and central nervous system.

4. Ensure digestive organs are spared and normalized motor function intestines. Nutrition should correspond to the periods of the disease (acute, subacute, scarring), motor activity patient, take into account accompanying illnesses and complications.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THERAPEUTIC NUTRITION FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

The diet is significantly limited in calories and food volume, which is then gradually increased. Avoid foods rich in animal fats and cholesterol (fatty meats, internal organs animals, brains, caviar, egg yolk, animal fats, fatty fish, etc.), products that cause fermentation in the intestines and flatulence (brown bread, cabbage, legumes, natural milk, etc.). The diet includes products such as cottage cheese, pike perch, cod, oatmeal, as well as foods rich in vitamins C and P, and potassium salts. Limit table salt and free liquid taking into account the period of illness, circulatory conditions and blood pressure.

The diet consists of three sequentially prescribed diets. The first diet is given in the acute period of myocardial infarction (the first 7-8 days), the second - in the subacute period (2-3 weeks), the third - during the period of scarring (starting from the 4th week).

In the first two days severe heart attack myocardium is given 7-8 times 50-75 g of weak semi-sweet tea with lemon, slightly warm fruit and berry juices diluted with water, rosehip decoction, compote liquid, liquid jelly, cranberry juice, mineral alkaline waters without gas.

In the future, easily digestible food is given in small portions 5–6 times a day, thereby preventing the rise of the diaphragm from complicating the work of the heart. Avoid very hot and cold foods; to improve the taste of unsalted dishes and appetite tomato juice, use table vinegar, citric acid, sweet and sour fruit juices, etc.

In the first days of illness, if the patient does not want to eat, there is no need to force him. After some improvement, one should not refuse those whose appetite is not significantly reduced. large quantities foods rich in fats and cholesterol (eggs, caviar, cream, etc.). During the recovery period, if you are overweight, fasting days are necessary.

CULINARY PROCESSING

All dishes are prepared without salt. Low-fat varieties meat and fish are given boiled, fried and baked dishes are excluded. For the first ration, dishes are prepared in pureed form, for the second - mostly chopped, for the third - chopped and in pieces. Avoid cold (below 15 degrees) foods and drinks.

CALORIES OF FOOD

First diet: 1200–1300 kcal. Proteins 50 g, fats 60–70 g, carbohydrates 170–200 g. Vitamin content: A – 2 mg, B1 – 2 mg, B2 – 2 mg, PP – 15 mg, ascorbic acid– 100 mg. Amount of free liquid 800 g. table salt 1.5–2 g (in products). The total weight of the diet is 1700 g. An approximate diet menu is given below.

Second diet: calorie content 1600–1800 kcal. Proteins 60–70 g, fats 60–70 g, carbohydrates 230–250 g. The content of vitamins is the same as in the first diet. The amount of free liquid is 1 liter. Table salt 1.5–2 g (in products, in addition 3 g are given to your hands). The total weight of the diet is 2 kg. A sample diet menu is given below.

Third diet: calorie content 2300–2400 kcal. Proteins 90 g, fats 80 g, carbohydrates 300–350 g. The content of vitamins is the same as in the first diet. The amount of free liquid is 1 liter. Table salt 1.5–2 g (in products, in addition, 5 g are given to your hands). The total weight of the diet is 2300 g. An approximate diet menu is given below.

DIET

First and second rations – 6 times; third – 5 times a day in small portions. The food temperature is normal.

Bread and flour products: first ration – 50 g of crackers from wheat flour highest and 1st grade; second diet – 150 g wheat bread yesterday's baking; third diet - 250 g of yesterday's wheat bread, replacing 50 g of it with Rye bread(if tolerated).

Soups: first ration – 150–200 g, based on vegetable broth with pureed permitted cereals and vegetables, egg flakes; second or third rations - 250 g with well-cooked cereals and vegetables (borscht, beetroot soup, pureed carrots, etc.), let's say a weak low-fat meat broth.

Meat, poultry, fish: only lean types and varieties. The meat is freed from films, tendons, skin (poultry), and fat. The first diet is steamed cutlets, dumplings, meatballs, soufflé, etc. boiled fish, 50 g each; the second and third rations are boiled meat in pieces, products made from cutlet mass.

Dairy products: milk - in dishes and tea. Low-fat kefir and other fermented milk products and drinks. Mashed cottage cheese, soufflé (first ration), as well as puddings with cereals, carrots, fruits (second or third rations). Sour cream – for seasoning soups. Low-fat, unsalted cheese is the second or third part of the diet.

Eggs: first, second and third diets - protein omelettes, egg flakes for vegetable broths.

Cereals: first diet – 100–150 g of semolina porridge, pureed buckwheat, rolled oats with milk; second diet – 150–200 g of liquid, viscous unpoured porridge, 100 g of crumbly buckwheat, semolina casserole; third diet - 200 g of porridge, boiled vermicelli with cottage cheese, semolina casserole with apples, buckwheat-curd pudding.

Snacks: the first and second rations are excluded; third diet - soaked herring, lean ham, boiled jellied meat and fish, ripe tomatoes.

Vegetables: first diet – 100 g of mashed potatoes, carrots, beets (separate dishes and side dishes), pureed carrot-curd pudding; the second diet is supplemented with cauliflower, grated raw carrots; the third diet is stewed carrots and beets. Weight of dishes – 150 g.

Fruits, sweet dishes, sweets: first diet - applesauce, jelly, mousses, prunes, dried apricots - soaked, puree, 30 g of sugar or honey; the second and third diets are supplemented with raw soft fruits and berries, baked apples, compote, milk jelly, jelly, jam, meringues; up to 50 g of sugar, 15 g of xylitol instead of sugar.

Sauces and spices: second and third rations - to improve the taste of unsalted food - sweet and sour fruit juices, tomato juice, lemon acid, vanillin, 3% table vinegar, sauces with vegetable broth and milk, boiled and lightly fried onions.

Drinks: first diet – 100–150 g of weak tea with lemon, milk, coffee drinks with milk, rosehip decoction, prune infusion, carrot, beetroot, fruit juices; the second and third rations are the same, 150–200 g each.

Fats: butter and refined vegetable oils - in dishes; on the third ration, 10 g of butter per hand.

EXCLUDED PRODUCTS AND DISHES

The following is excluded from the diet of patients with myocardial infarction:

fresh bread, baked goods, baked flour products, fatty types and varieties of meat, poultry, fish, liver, brains and other meat by-products, sausages, canned food, caviar, whole milk and cream, egg yolks, millet, pearl barley, barley, legumes, white cabbage, cucumbers, radishes, onions, garlic, spices, animal and cooking fats, chocolate and other confectionery products, natural coffee, cocoa, grape juice.

SAMPLE ONE-DAY MENU FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

FIRST RATION

I. On an empty stomach: prune infusion.

First breakfast: pureed buckwheat porridge with milk, pureed cottage cheese with sugar (sugar from the daily allowance), barley coffee with milk (sugar from the daily allowance).

Second breakfast: applesauce (or any fruit) with sugar (sugar from the daily allowance), rose hip decoction.

Lunch: broth with egg flakes, boiled chicken, blackcurrant jelly.

Afternoon snack: pureed cottage cheese with sugar (sugar from the daily allowance), grated carrots with sugar, ...

Diet for myocardial infarction as part of a quick recovery

A heart attack is a clinical manifestation of coronary heart disease. It is characterized by the death of a certain area of the myocardium due to insufficient blood supply due to blockage of the artery.

Causes of myocardial infarction

The most common causes of heart attack include:

Atherosclerosis
Surgical ligation of the artery during angioplasty
Coronary artery thrombosis
Spasms in the coronary arteries
Hypertension

Precipitating factors that can lead to a heart attack include:

The main reason leading to the disease is atherosclerosis. Due to fatty deposits on the walls of blood vessels, atherosclerotic plaques form, which under certain conditions can rupture.

In this case, a blood clot is formed - a thrombus, which can block the artery. Stopped blood flow provokes necrosis of myocardial cells, in other words, myocardial infarction.

Damage to atherosclerotic plaque can also occur with high blood pressure. A heart attack can happen without a good reason - in the early morning hours or in a dream. It should be noted that heart attacks occur more often in men than in women. Increased risk have patients who have already had a heart attack before.

Atherosclerosis in all its manifestations is the most dangerous for the development of myocardial infarction.

Signs of myocardial infarction

The main symptom of a heart attack is very severe chest pain, which can last from 15 minutes to an hour, and does not stop even at complete rest, or can stop after a few hours or after taking strong painkillers.

Patients describe the pain as squeezing, burning, pressing, reminiscent of angina pectoris. but more pronounced, occurring in addition to physical activity.

Signs of a heart attack may include: typical form, and atypical, significantly complicating diagnosis.

They can be expressed in the following forms:

Abdominal, characterized by abdominal pain and bloating, hiccups, vomiting, nausea.
Asthmatic, which is characterized by increasing shortness of breath, similar to asthma.
Cerebral, manifested by dizziness, loss of consciousness, and the presence of neurological symptoms.

Unusual symptoms of myocardial infarction are described in the Live Healthy program with Elena Malysheva.

You should know that pain during a heart attack can also be atypical, for example, pain in the arm, lower jaw and etc.

The disease occurs without pain, mainly in diabetics. Many patients exhibit signs of heart failure, characterized by shortness of breath, sweating, and a nonproductive cough. Some patients experience arrhythmia. Sometimes the only manifestation of a heart attack is cardiac arrest.

For favorable prognosis It is very important to correctly identify the symptoms of a heart attack.

First aid for myocardial infarction

A person who has had a heart attack. immediate assistance must be provided, since every minute works to save his life. First of all, you need to call a cardiac care team.

Before she arrives, do the following:

Place the patient in a sitting or reclining position with slightly bent knees
Restrain him from any movement
Provide air access
Free yourself from restrictive clothing
If nitroglycerin or validol is available, give it to the victim
If aspirin is available, also give to patient to reduce blood viscosity

If the patient loses consciousness and lacks rhythmic breathing, it is necessary to perform resuscitation measures(artificial respiration).

The patient needs to be reassured and not to panic, to act quickly and harmoniously. You should not give in to the victim’s request to refuse to call emergency services.

If it is not possible for an ambulance to arrive quickly, the patient must be taken to the hospital by car. Upon arrival of the emergency team, the doctor must be informed of the measures taken.

First aid for a heart attack - important stage saving the life of the patient.

Diet after myocardial infarction

In the treatment of a patient with a heart attack, therapeutic nutrition plays an important role, which depends on the period of the disease - severe, subacute and recovery.

The diet for myocardial infarction has 3 diets, differing not only nutritional value, but also in volume. In the first days of the illness, characterized by severe pain and nausea. general weakness, no need for food.

The patient is given a quarter glass of weak sweet tea to drink at a time, up to 8 times a day. Tea can be replaced with juices - orange, blackcurrant or rosehip decoction. Drinks must be warm.

After 2-3 days, the patient can be transferred to the first diet, consisting of:

proteins – 60 g
salt – up to 2 g (in products)
carbohydrates – 180 g
free liquid – 600 ml
fat – 30 g
calorie content – 1200
total weight – 1700 g
meals - 6
food temperature – up to 50º

Approximate diet:

White crackers – 60 g (per day)
Sugar – 30 g per day
On an empty stomach, give 100 g of fruit juice or prune infusion to drink.
At 8 a.m.: porridge with milk and cereal (30 g), grated apple, ½ cup of tea
At 11 a.m.: cutlet or boiled chicken (50 g), fruit juice or rosehip decoction (0.5 cup)
At 14:00: vegetable broth (1/2 plate), meat or fish balls with puree
At 17:00: 100 g applesauce
At 19 o'clock: 50 g of cottage cheese and 0.5 cups of kefir
At 21:00: 50 g prune puree

The duration of the first diet is up to 4 weeks, depending on the patient’s tolerance to dietary restrictions.

Diet 2, prescribed in the subacute period, is somewhat expanded. The total weight of the products is already 2 kg, carbohydrates - 200 g, liquid - 800 ml, proteins - 80 g, fats - 50 g, which is 1600 cal. Salt is allowed 3 g. Meals - 5, food temperature - normal.

The third diet recommended for the patient during the period when he is allowed to get out of bed is 2000 cal. This includes up to 300 g of carbohydrates, liquids can be consumed up to a liter, fats - 50 g, protein foods - 90 g. Total weight dietary nutrition is 2.5 kg, salt is allowed up to 5 g. Meals - 5, food temperature - normal.

After discharge from the hospital, a patient who has suffered a myocardial infarction is prescribed the 10 s diet, indicated for atherosclerosis. Its goal is to prevent the development of atherosclerosis. The diet is based on reducing calories and limiting the consumption of foods high in cholesterol.

There are 2 options for this diet: for patients with excess weight and for patients with normal weight. The food is cooked boiled. The first version of the diet contains 90 g of protein, the second - 100 g. Accordingly: fat - 60 g and 70 g, carbohydrates - 250 g and 400 g. Calories: 2200 and 2700. Total weight is from 2 to 2.5 kg, liquids - up to a liter. Meal frequency – 5-6 times.

Patients who have had a myocardial infarction are allowed to:

Bread – gray, crackers, dry cookies.
Soups: with cereals, vegetables, dairy, once a week - low-fat meat (1/2 serving).
Meat and fish dishes: boiled, lean, once a week - soaked herring, seafood is recommended.
Egg white omelette is allowed.
For vegetable dishes, salads and vinaigrettes are allowed, and you can also use potatoes, various types of cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, legumes, pumpkin, and greens. Sorrel, spinach, and mushrooms are prohibited.
You can use any fruits and berries.
Cereals, flour and pasta dishes: all sorts, limited if you are overweight.
Dairy products: any low-fat products.
Fats are predominantly vegetable.
Sweets are prohibited or limited.

The goal of dietary nutrition after a heart attack is to prevent the development of atherosclerosis.

Prevention of myocardial infarction

To reduce the risk of heart attack, therapy is used against the formation of blood clots. For this purpose, patients may be prescribed aspirin. Patients who have already had a heart attack in the past are prescribed beta blockers. The condition improves in people who have had a heart attack after taking large doses of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3.

During the preventive period, which can last quite a long time, it is important to control and maintain normal blood pressure and fight arrhythmia.

As an addition to treatment, you can use herbal infusions. which cannot in any way replace drug therapy. Important healthy image life, physical activity and proper nutrition.

If you have a heart attack, great importance It has correct diagnosis, timely provision of first aid and treatment with diet. Prevention of the disease is to reduce the risk of heart attack.

How to eat after a heart attack: helping the heart recover

The human heart is a truly amazing organ that, despite its small size, is capable of supporting the vital functions of the entire organism. It is not surprising that sooner or later it begins to act up, like the engine of an old favorite car. But sometimes the heart cannot withstand stress, nervous or physical, and then it is greatly affected. serious illness– myocardial infarction. It forces you to completely reconsider your lifestyle, including nutrition. After all, whether the heart can recover directly depends on the diet. Let's find out what the diet after a heart attack is.

Video: nutrition for heart disease

Strict requirements of a heart attack: no jokes with nutrition

In the old days, the disease that we call a heart attack was called “heart rupture.” Probably, these words to a large extent convey the seriousness of the situation. After all, in fact we're talking about about the death of a section of the heart to which the life-giving flow of blood ceases.

Even after a relatively mild heart attack, the patient must undergo rehabilitation and learn to live by new rules. A person gradually increases the load on the body, and therefore on the heart. Otherwise, the risk of a recurrence of a heart attack increases.

Taking this point into account, a daily diet. First of all, doctors will recommend reducing each serving. To do this, you can simply use plates of a smaller diameter. After all, on large dishes, even large volumes of food seem more modest.

A diet for myocardial infarction is necessary in order to maintain weight in shape, as well as to reduce the level of fats and salt that enter the body with food. It is with these goals in mind that you need to plan your own daily diet.

What are the dangers of being overweight after a heart attack? It increases the load on the heart because it has to pump much more blood to feed fat tissue. In addition, excess weight is also fraught with associated problems such as increased blood pressure and the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. The latter leads to a deterioration in the properties of hemoglobin, which means that this protein does not perform its function as efficiently as oxygen transfer. And this again hits the heart - the muscle begins to experience oxygen starvation.

Diet for a patient in the cardiology department

Just keep in mind that vegetables and fruits should be eaten raw, boiled, or steamed. But you should not eat fried vegetable dishes or canned fruits.

Wholemeal cereals and breads contain a lot of fiber. It is valuable for patients who have experienced a heart attack, since it is not absorbed in gastrointestinal tract, helping to slow down the absorption of fats. Fiber also creates a feeling of fullness, deceiving the feeling of hunger.

After a heart attack, you should not overdo it with protein foods. It requires more energy to digest. To meet the body's needs, only about 400 g of cottage cheese, fish or lean meat per day is enough.

Instead of the usual tea and coffee, you can drink rosehip infusion and cranberry juice, which will support your heart

These products can be harmful

Some dishes will have to be abandoned. The diet for a heart attack excludes the consumption of any canned food and sausages. The fact is that they contain excess salts, preservatives, fats and spices. And all this harms the metabolism, affecting the heart muscle.

Doctors also recommend avoiding foods rich in cholesterol. It can be found in all offal, so you have to forget about dishes prepared from brains, kidneys, liver, tongue and heart. You also need to remember a whole list of products that contain this substance in large quantities:

salmon and sturgeon caviar;
egg yolk;
butter;
seafood;
fatty meats;
lard.

Instead, you can eat egg white and vegetable oils, low-fat dairy products and lean chicken, turkey and fish. And of course, there is no cholesterol in berries, vegetables and fruits.

Another important limitation concerns salt. If it is eaten in large quantities, complications arise, for example, blood pressure increases. In addition, salt negatively affects the effectiveness of taking medications. It retains water in the body, increasing the load on the heart.

After an illness, you should avoid hot seasonings, mustard and horseradish.

Therefore, a diet for heart attack involves avoiding pickles, salted nuts, fish and chips. And in general, the salt shaker should be removed from the table so that there is no temptation to add salt to the dish.

In the diet of a core patient, those foods that have a stimulating effect are completely unnecessary. So you will have to give up coffee and strong tea, cocoa and chocolate.

Features of eating after illness

It is important not only to create a menu for a diet during a heart attack, but also to eat food taking into account certain rules. So, the portions should be reduced. That is, it is better to switch to fractional meals: eat five or six times a day, but little by little. In this case, the last meal before bed should be no later than three hours before bedtime.

Recommendations regarding a patient's diet depend on how much time has passed since the heart attack. So, in the first week it is better to eat six times a day. For example, you can offer the patient pureed vegetable soup, lean meat or a steamed omelet. All food should be unsalted.

In the second and third weeks after a heart attack, it is allowed to eat ungrinded foods. But salt is still excluded.

From the fourth week the scarring process begins. Diet restrictions after a heart attack for a man at this time are no longer so strict. You can eat different dishes, adding a little salt. But its amount should not exceed 3-5 grams per day. Also, doctors will not allow you to drink more than one liter of fluid per day.

Let's add that speedy recovery Such valuable products as dried apricots, prunes and raisins contribute. They help normalize heart function.

In the first days after a heart attack, carrot juice with added vegetable oil 1 teaspoon of oil per half glass of juice

When developing a diet after a heart attack and stenting, it is worth remembering the variety in the menu. After all, everything must enter the patient’s body useful material. And recovery is also facilitated by... the love and care of loved ones. So, not only prepare nutritious meals for your loved one who has suffered a heart attack, but also care for him, creating an atmosphere of calm.

Myocardial infarction is a serious complication of coronary heart disease that requires complex treatment, in which proper nutrition plays a vital role.

For this purpose, nutritionists have developed a special therapeutic diet after a heart attack.

Causes, symptoms and nutritional habits after a heart attack ^

Myocardial infarction develops against the background of blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot (thrombus). In this case, oxygen supply to the heart tissue area is disrupted, cell death occurs, and a scar forms at the site of the cardiac “catastrophe.”

Atherosclerosis is considered the main culprit in the occurrence of heart attacks. However, there are other factors that significantly increase the likelihood of the disease:

Obesity, overweight, physical inactivity.
Male gender. Women suffer from heart attacks after 50 years of age on an equal basis with men.
Heredity.
Smoking.
An increased level of cholesterol in the blood leads to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques - they are the ones that block the vessel.
Hypertension.
Diabetes.

The main symptom of a heart attack is strong pain in the center of the chest. Even at rest, the pain is burning, pressing, reminiscent of angina, but more pronounced. Pain sensations can radiate to different parts of the body.

What should you eat during a heart attack?

Restoring health after a heart attack is not an easy task; this requires a set of measures, including drug treatment, physiotherapy, giving up bad habits and nutritional therapy.

The diet after a heart attack is approved by the Institute of Nutrition (diet No. 10). The treatment menu is aimed at improving blood circulation, normalizing metabolic processes, improving the functioning of the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys.
The energy value of the diet is reduced due to fats and carbohydrates. Heavy foods, foods that excite the nervous system, irritate the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys and cause flatulence are excluded.
Priority is given to foods rich in lyotropic substances, potassium and magnesium. Food is prepared using dietary methods (stewing, boiling, steaming, baking) and without salt.
Liquid is limited to 1.2 liters.
Dietary nutrition is aimed at eliminating the causes of the disease. To reduce blood cholesterol levels, it is recommended to exclude fatty protein foods from the diet. Limiting salt reduces the risk of hypertension.
It is vital for overweight patients to lose excess weight. This will not only reduce the excessive load on weakened heart muscles, but also normalize lipid metabolism.

Vegetarian first courses;
Lean fish and poultry;
Inconvenient pastries and daily bread or crackers;
Milk products;
Pasta dishes (not the highest grade), cereals;
Baked or boiled vegetables;
Fruits, berries.

Prohibited foods

Baking, fresh bread;
Rich broths (from mushrooms, meat, fish);
Fatty meat, kidneys, smoked meats, sausages;
Marinades, salted fish and cheese;
Beans;
Coarse fiber;
Tea (strong), coffee and chocolate.

Nutrition rules

Myocardial scarring occurs after 3 weeks. During this period, therapeutic nutrition is strictly controlled by a doctor.

Food prepared in a dietary manner is served without salt, pureed.
Portions are small, but meals are recommended up to 8 times a day.
The diet consists mainly of liquid cereals, vegetable soups and low-calorie dairy products.
Calorie content does not exceed 1000 kcal.

Diet after a heart attack: sample menu ^

Feeding the patient should be frequent and divided and carried out in 7-8 doses per day. An approximate menu in the acute period after an attack may be as follows:

Compote without sugar, from prunes, 1/2 cup of low-calorie kefir.
Cereal porridge with milk, half a glass of carrot juice + a teaspoon of olive oil, grated apple.
Chicken breast (50 gr.), rosehip decoction.
Half a glass of carrot juice with olive oil.
A piece of steamed fish (50 g) and vegetable broth.
Half a glass of jelly.
Grated low-fat cottage cheese and half a glass of blackcurrant juice.
Half a glass of curdled milk.

Nutrition 2-4 weeks after a heart attack

Gradually, the diet expands, but meals still remain fractional. From 2-4 weeks the diet may look like this:

A glass of rosehip decoction.
Buckwheat porridge, not pureed. Salad of greens, cucumbers and tomatoes, tea with a spoon of sugar.
Vegetarian borscht, boiled chicken and rice, freshly squeezed apple juice.
Cottage cheese with a teaspoon of sugar, pear, compote.
Vegetable puree, a piece of fish, tea.
Milk and crackers.
Cottage cheese with raisins and a teaspoon of sour cream, apple, tea.
Kefir and steamed prunes.

As the patient's condition improves, the daily calorie content increases to 2200 kcal. You can switch to four meals a day, creating a menu of permitted foods, gradually including salt.

Diet after a major heart attack

The diet during the recovery period should contain no more than 10% fat, about 30% protein and 60% complex carbohydrates.
Meals four times a day, up to 7 grams permissible. salt,.
Before going to bed, you can drink fermented baked milk or kefir.
It is recommended to drink 3 glasses of water and get the same portion of liquid with food.

Diet after heart attack and stenting

The diet is recommended by a doctor individually - its goal is to reduce cholesterol levels and the risk of plaque formation.
Therefore, the content of animal fats is reduced to a minimum. You will have to monitor your cholesterol levels especially carefully.

Doctors' opinion

Reviews from doctors about diet after a heart attack are only positive:

Products that cause hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are excluded from the diet, and caloric restriction is aimed at reducing weight, the culprit of many cardiovascular diseases.
For the prevention of heart attack, cardiologists consider the most acceptable. Use in the diet oily fish, poultry meat, olive oil, garlic, cereals, nuts, green vegetables, fruits, durum wheat products maintain the elasticity of blood vessels and reliably protect against cardiovascular problems.

Eastern horoscope for May 2019