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Cheese after a heart attack. Diet after myocardial infarction: treatment menu, tips and recommendations

Myocardial infarction - a type coronary disease heart disease, which develops mainly against the background of pathology of the coronary vessels that supply the heart muscle. The disease in most cases is diagnosed in males.

The main cause of problems with the coronary arteries is atherosclerosis, when cholesterol deposits are deposited on the walls of blood vessels, narrowing their lumen.

The development of atherosclerosis largely depends on the nature of the diet of the sick person. That is why doctors attribute to patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction special treatment nutrition. A diet after myocardial infarction for men helps cleanse the body and prevents relapses of the disease, as well as its complications.

Basic principles of nutrition

The first thing you need to pay attention to is the difference in diet for different genders. Few people know, but nutrition after a myocardial infarction for women is radically different from the diet of sick men who have a history of a similar disease. What does this have to do with? The cause of the disease among representatives of the fair sex in the majority clinical cases is diabetes mellitus, whereas in men it is atherosclerosis. That is why the diet after myocardial infarction in men is aimed at reducing cholesterol in the human blood, and in women - glucose levels.

There are general principles that must be observed when preparing dishes for men with a history of myocardial infarction:

must be used exclusively for cooking vegetable oil, it is better if it is olive or corn;
It is necessary to completely exclude butter from the cooking process;
reduce to a minimum the intake of salt, animal fats, fatty acids and other sources of cholesterol;
increase the amount of fiber-containing foods in your daily diet, such as fruits and vegetables;
add to your diet foods enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which large quantities found in seafood, fish, mussels.

The diet after myocardial infarction is characterized by stages, depending on the period after the illness:

acute stage, which lasts for the first two weeks after a heart attack;
subacute stage or third week of treatment;
a period of scarring that occurs with the formation of scars in the area of myocardial necrosis.

Features of nutrition for men in the acute post-infarction period

Nutrition after myocardial infarction in men in the acute period has its own characteristics. It is important part therapy of the disease and should help speed up the patient’s recovery process.

On the first day after heart beat Patients are recommended to follow a strict diet that completely excludes salt, fatty and fried foods, meat, and baked goods from the diet.

These days, a sick man can eat exclusively light and low-fat foods, for example, fermented milk products. Nutritionists strongly advise such patients to introduce boiled porridge, vegetable decoctions, and carrot juice into their diet.

According to statistics, the majority of sick men who have had an MI have overweight or suffer from varying degrees obesity. As is known, it is these fat deposits that are common cause hypertension and promote cholesterol deposition vascular wall leading to atherosclerosis. Therefore, every man who has experienced acute attack myocardial ischemia with tissue necrosis, must monitor the calorie content of the food he absorbs. It is better to replace sugar with honey, and pasta and bread with cereals, vegetables and fruits.

Patients in acute post-infarction period strictly prohibited:

salt, even in minimal quantities;
coarse fiber, bread, baked goods, pastries, pasta;
smoked and fried foods;
spicy food;
beans, tomatoes, grapes;
mushrooms in any form;
dairy products, with the exception of yogurt and kefir.

Diet in the subacute period

In the subacute period, nutritionists advise their patients to eat foods enriched with carbohydrates and almost completely avoid fats. This will help maintain blood cholesterol levels at the proper level and will not lead to another spasm of the coronary arteries. The dietary diet of such men should be compiled individually, taking into account the patient’s weight, his daily requirement in calories, the presence of concomitant diseases, and the like.

What should be completely excluded from the menu in the subacute post-infarction period?

coffee, strong tea, other caffeine-containing drinks and food products;
chocolate, sweets;
hot spices and spices;
butter, margarine and other animal fats;
alcoholic drinks.

Nutritionists warn that men after suffered a heart attack myocardium, you should monitor the calorie content of your daily diet, which should not exceed 1200 kcal/day. Salt intake can be increased to 4-5 grams per day.

Nutrition during the rumen formation stage

The period of scarring, as a rule, for many patients is characterized by an increase in vitality. At this stage, the sick person who has suffered a heart attack feels practically healthy and ready to return to a normal lifestyle. As for nutrition, nutritionists still recommend waiting and not rushing into the abundance of products that the modern market offers us.

The calorie content of food consumed throughout the day can be increased to 2000-2300 kcal, divided into 3-4 meals. As before, you should not overuse salt and start leaning on fatty and fried foods. It should be remembered that the ratio of carbohydrates to proteins and fats should be within 4:3:1. It is better for patients to eat easily digestible foods, vegetarian dishes, and drink a glass of kefir before going to bed.

Regarding drinking regime, then this also has its own characteristics.

Myocardial infarction, a diet for which is mandatory for every patient, requires a daily intake of 1.5 liters of fluid.

The fact is that for normal functioning male body must be replenished with water regularly. This will help him quickly recover from an illness, improve the rheological properties of the blood, prevent the formation of blood clots and much more.

During the period of scarring, a man should eat apples, dried fruits, greens, spinach, rose hip decoction, enriched with vegetable puree or stew, low-fat cottage cheese, chicken meat, veal, rice, buckwheat and low-fat fish.

How should men eat after stenting?

As is known, treatment of patients with myocardial infarction is not always carried out conservatively. Sometimes, to save the life of a sick person, he needs a recovery operation coronary circulation which is called stenting. Given surgery implies the introduction of a special stent into the lumen of the coronary vessel, which allows maintaining the diameter of the coronary artery at the proper level.

Meals in the first days after surgery should be fractional (in small quantities) and approximately six or seven times a day. It is necessary to completely eliminate salt and consume an adequate amount of fluid so as not to provoke the development of swelling and heart failure. IN diet Carbohydrates should predominate, but fats should be kept to a minimum.

What to eat after illness?

Discharge from the hospital for a man who has survived a myocardial infarction does not mean that he can now eat everything, as before the disease. A history of focal necrosis of the heart muscle requires a constant diet aimed at limiting the consumption of fatty foods, which contribute to the progression. Nutrition after a heart attack should, on the contrary, help the patient lose extra pounds and normalize blood pressure, lower blood cholesterol levels.

How to eat for a person who has had a myocardial infarction ordinary life? There are several simple rules that will allow a sick man to recover faster from an illness and prevent relapses of the disease:

you should try to eat often, but in small portions;
the emphasis should be on carbohydrates;
eat dried fruits and nuts daily;
forget about preparing dishes using animal fats, which are better replaced with vegetable oils;
learn to cook vegetarian recipes;
do not overuse salty foods;
do not eat 2 hours before bedtime.

As already said, dietary food after myocardial infarction for men – the most important component of the treatment regimen pathological condition, which allows you to reduce rehabilitation period, improve a person’s well-being, normalize the patient’s weight, normalize blood pressure and prevent the occurrence of complications of the disease.

- one of the prerequisites on the path to recovery. The patient who suffered this insidious and dangerous disease, threatening the loss of life, must know and understand that treatment should include not only taking medications, but also proper nutrition.

The menu of a patient who has suffered a myocardial infarction must be thought out and written down to the smallest detail. Special attention The patient’s nutrition should be given attention in the first days and weeks after a heart attack. It is advisable that the patient in the first weeks of rehabilitation be under the strict supervision of a doctor who will help with the diet and, if necessary, with its adjustment.

Nutrition for myocardial infarction in the acute period

To achieve maximum therapeutic effect, the diet must be drawn up immediately after an attack. During this period, the patient is under the control of doctors, who make it up taking into account other chronic diseases(if the patient has them).

So, the patient is prescribed frequent and small meals. This means that the patient eats 5-7 times a day, but in small portions. One serving averages 200-300 g.

List of permitted products during this period:

soups from vegetables, as well as decoctions from them;
liquid porridges that are well boiled and mashed;
Be sure to have carrot juice (about 200 ml per day) with a spoon of vegetable oil;
low-fat dairy cuisine.

Consuming salt in acute period completely banned.

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Nutrition during scarring

During the period of scarring, a carefully thought-out diet for the patient is necessary. It is usually prescribed in the seventh week after the attack. A prerequisite is compliance chemical composition food products, which should include:

proteins - 100 g;
carbohydrates - 450 g;
fats - 80 g.

With such adherence to the chemical composition, the patient quickly recovers. During the scarring period, salt consumption is already allowed. But the patient’s menu should not contain more than 7 grams of salt per day. The volume of fluid consumed by the patient is limited. You are allowed to drink no more than 1.4 liters of liquid per day. This also includes liquid from soups and cereals. To make it easier to navigate, the patient is allowed 800 ml of pure liquid per day, and the rest of the volume is used for preparing dishes.

At this stage, the number of meals is reduced. Now the patient should eat 3-4 times a day. The last meal should be no later than 2-3 hours before bedtime. But before going to bed you are allowed to drink some fermented milk product, for example, kefir or fermented baked milk.

After a period of scarring, which lasts up to six months, the patient is allowed to eat many foods, but there are still some exceptions. There is a set of products that will forever remain prohibited for the patient.

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Which set of products remains forever banned?

The following products are subject to a lifetime ban:

foods that contain cholesterol (egg yolks and offal);
meat, poultry and fatty fish, as well as all sausages;
smoked meats and pickles of any kind;
horseradish and mustard, hot seasonings;
alcoholic drinks, strong tea and coffee.

And a very important point: a patient who is overweight or prone to obesity needs to minimize the consumption of flour.

promoting recovery processes in the heart muscle;
improving blood circulation and metabolism processes;
reducing the load on the heart and blood vessels;
normalization of intestinal motor activity.

Therapeutic diet No. 10 And, after a heart attack, is characterized by a significant decrease in energy value, which is caused by a decrease in proteins, carbohydrates and especially fats, a decrease in the amount of food consumed, and restrictions in the amount of salt and liquid. It is prohibited to consume foods that are difficult to digest, cause fermentation in the intestines, provoke flatulence, foods rich in cholesterol, animal fats, and sugar. A ban has also been imposed on extractive substances contained in meat and fish. Recommended products containing vitamin C, potassium, and products that stimulate motor function intestines, which is especially important for constipation.

Diet for heart attack contains three diets, which are sequentially prescribed by a doctor.

Diet I prescribed in the first week, during the most acute period of the disease. With this diet, pureed dishes and six meals a day are recommended.

Diet II used in the second or third week, or subacute period. At this stage, you are allowed to eat mostly crushed food six times a day.

And finally ration III used in the fourth week, during the period of so-called scarring. Food is taken crushed and in pieces five times a day in small portions.

With all three diets, food is boiled without adding salt; cold dishes and drinks whose temperature does not exceed 15 degrees are prohibited.

Chemical composition of the diet after a heart attack (I diet):

50 g proteins;
30-40 g fat;
150-200 g carbohydrates;
0.7-0.8 liters of liquid.

The calorie content of the diet after a heart attack is 1100-1300 calories, the weight of the diet is 1.6-1.7 kg. Salt is prohibited.

Chemical composition of the diet after a heart attack (II diet):

60-70 g proteins;
50-60 g fat;
230-250 g carbohydrates;
0.9-1.0 liquid.

The calorie content of the diet for a heart attack is 1600-1800 calories, the weight of the diet is 2 kg. Salt - no more than 3 g.

Chemical composition of the therapeutic diet after a heart attack (III diet):

85-90 g proteins;
70 g fat;
300-320 g carbohydrates;
5-6 g salt;
1-1.1 liters of liquid.

The calorie content of the diet is 2100-2300 calories, the weight of the diet is 2.2-2.3 kg. 5-6 g of salt are given to your hands.

Bread, flour products

I diet:
Allowed consumption of 50 g of crackers or well-dried wheat bread from premium and first grade flour.

II diet
150 g of day-old bread made from wheat flour is allowed.

III diet
You can eat 250 g of day-old bread made from wheat flour. With normal tolerance, 50 g can be replaced with the same amount rye bread made from sifted flour.

Soups

It is allowed to consume 150-200 g of soup prepared with vegetable broth with the addition of pureed permitted cereals and vegetables, and egg flakes.

II-III rations

You can eat 250 g of soup with well-cooked cereals and vegetables. It could be pureed carrot soup, borscht, or beetroot soup. Consumption of weak low-fat meat broth is also allowed.

Meat, poultry, fish

Only lean types and varieties of meat are allowed for food, which are previously cleaned of fat, fascia, and tendons. The skin is removed from the bird.

II-III rations

Allowed for food boiled products from cutlet mass and boiled meat in pieces.

Dairy products

You can add milk to dishes and tea. Allowed consumption low-fat kefir and other fermented milk products.

Cottage cheese is used in pureed form, as part of paste, soufflé.

II-III rations

Puddings with the addition of cereals, carrots, and fruits are allowed. Sour cream and low-fat, unsalted cheese are allowed in food.

Eggs

I-III rations

You can eat protein omelettes. You can add egg flakes to vegetable broths.

Cereals

Consumption of 100-150 g of semolina porridge, pureed buckwheat porridge, and rolled oats prepared with milk is allowed.

Allowed for food are 150-200 g of unpoured, but liquid and viscous porridge, 100 g of crumbly buckwheat porridge, and semolina casserole.

Vegetables

It is allowed to consume 100 g of potato, carrot, beetroot puree as a separate dish or side dish, pureed carrot-curd pudding.

Cauliflower and grated raw carrots are added to the food.

III diet

Plus, you are allowed to eat stewed carrots and beets weighing 150 g.

Snacks

I-II rations

Snacks are prohibited

III diet

Consumption of soaked herring, lean ham, boiled jellied meat and fish, and ripe tomatoes is allowed.

Fruits, sweet

You can eat applesauce, jelly and mousses. Pre-soaked prunes, dried apricots and their puree are also allowed. Consumption of 30 g of sugar or honey is allowed.

II-III rations

Added raw soft fruits and berries, baked apples, compotes, milk jelly and jellies, jams, meringues. Consumption of up to 50 g of sugar is allowed.

Sauces, spices

II-III rations

In order to improve the taste characteristics of food prepared without salt, you can use sweet and sour fruit juices, lemon juice, tomato juice, citric acid, vanillin, table vinegar(3%). Sauces prepared with vegetable broth and milk are allowed. You can add boiled and slightly fried onions.

Drinks

You can drink weak tea with the addition of lemon, milk, coffee drinks with milk, rosehip decoctions, prune infusion, carrot, beetroot, fruit juices, 100-150 g per day.

II-III rations

You can consume all of the above drinks, 150-200 g per day.

Fats

You can add butter and refined vegetable oils to dishes

III diet

10 g of butter is given to your hands.

It is prohibited to consume fresh bread, baked goods, baked goods, fatty types and varieties of meat, poultry, fish, liver and other meat by-products, sausages, canned food, caviar, whole milk and cream, egg yolks, millet, pearl barley, barley, legumes, white cabbage, cucumbers, radishes, onions, garlic, spices, animal and cooking fats, chocolate and other confectionery products, natural coffee and cocoa, grape juice.

Examples of diet menu after a heart attack

(I diet)

For the first breakfast allowed consumption of 50 g of curd paste, 100 g of pureed oatmeal porridge with milk, 150 g of tea with milk.

Lunch consists of 100 g applesauce.

For afternoon tea you can eat 50 g of curd paste and drink 100 g of rosehip decoction.

Dinner includes 50 g of fish dumplings, 100 g of pureed buckwheat porridge, 150 g of tea with lemon.

For the night It is advisable to drink 100 g of prune decoction.

(II diet)

For the first breakfast you can eat 50 g of egg white omelette, 200 g of semolina porridge with fruit puree, 180 g of tea with milk.
Lunch consists of 100 g of curd paste and the same amount of rosehip decoction.
For lunch It is recommended to consume 250 g of vegetarian borscht with the addition of vegetable oil, 55 g of boiled meat, 150 g of mashed potatoes and 100 g of fruit jelly.
For afternoon tea consumption of 100 g of baked apples is allowed.
Dinner includes 50 g boiled fish, 100 g carrot puree, 180 g tea with lemon.
Before bed You should drink 180 g of low-fat kefir.

(III diet)

First breakfast consists of 10 g butter, 30 g cheese, 150 g buckwheat porridge, 180 g tea with milk.
For second breakfast It is recommended to consume 150 g of a mixture of cottage cheese and milk, 180 g of rosehip decoction.
For lunch you can eat 250 g of oatmeal soup with vegetables, 100 g of boiled chicken, 150 g of stewed beets in sour cream sauce, 100 g of fresh apples.
For dinner 85/150 g of boiled fish with mashed potatoes, 180 g of tea with lemon are allowed.
Before bed at night consumption of 180 g of kefir is shown.

In addition to a strict medication regimen and psychological assistance, the patient needs a mandatory diet after a heart attack. Food has a direct impact on the functioning of the digestive, nervous and cardiovascular systems. The body receives vitamins, microelements and substances to ensure normal functioning. If the food is harmful and difficult to digest, this will create additional stress on the heart and lead to another heart attack.

Compliance with the diet is mandatory during the period of treatment for recovery after a heart attack.

Dependence of nutrition on the stage of the disease

Proper nutrition after myocardial infarction for men and women is compiled individually, taking into account the characteristics of the body, the degree of damage, individual intolerance to certain foods and the stage of the disease. The diet differs markedly depending on. Some products are strictly prohibited at the very beginning of rehabilitation, but they can be included at later stages.

Therefore, the diet after a heart attack is divided into three stages:

in the acute period;
in the subacute period;
with scarring.

If you eat properly during these periods, supplementing healthy products By following all other doctor’s instructions, it will be possible to speed up the recovery process and significantly increase the chances of effective rehabilitation. Let's consider each stage separately.

Acute period

These are the first days after the attack that occurred in a person has stopped. Food for patients is selected based on their current general condition. In some cases, you have to feed with a tube, introducing liquid food through special tubes. If the patient is able to chew independently, then after a heart attack and stenting daily ration Divide into at least 6 servings. Appointments should be frequent, but not large quantities. This will prevent overloading the gastrointestinal tract.

During this period, the patient’s mobility is minimal, which is why low-calorie foods are selected for women and men. This can include meat without lard, simple soups with water, cereals and vegetables that have been heat-treated by stewing. Before eating, all dishes must be crushed into a puree. This minimizes digestion time. The doctor will individually determine what you can eat and what foods you need to avoid in the first days. But the same rule applies to all patients:

coffee;
strong tea;
alcohol;
sweet products;
smoked meats.

If you start eating rough and long-digesting food on the first day, this will negatively affect your health. general condition and will lead to some complications.

Subacute period

It begins approximately 7 days after a heart attack. After stenting, recovery is not as intense, so it is recommended not to rush into switching to more varied and not properly processed foods. Here you can eat more wide list products as the patient's condition improves. Gradually, if recovery goes according to plan, food is given whole, without processing in a blender. The recommendations remain the same:

no harmful products;
nothing fried, smoked, salty or fatty;
The diet should be based on low-calorie dishes.

You can eat often, more than 6 times during the day. But don't forget to drink and stick to principles separate power supply. This way, the digestive system will be able to more easily cope with the digestion of food, relieving the patient of discomfort.

Scarring

The diet after a heart attack during the scarring period begins at 4 weeks or later, depending on the pace of recovery. Continues to eat strictly low-calorie foods. But it is important to diversify the menu and ensure a balance of vitamins and beneficial microelements. Restrictions, as at all previous stages, apply to:

fat;
salty;
smoked;
spicy;
coffee;
strong tea;
alcohol;
semi-finished products.

You can eat more different foods. Doctors recommend diversifying the diet for women and men with the following dishes:

food made from lean meat, steamed, boiled or baked in the oven;
a variety of vegetables (focus on different types cabbage, pumpkin and carrots);
fruits (preferably seasonal, not causing allergic reactions).

If there are no restrictions or individual intolerances, high-quality seafood, dried fruits, and nuts rich in vitamins and minerals that are beneficial for the gastrointestinal tract are periodically added to the menu. The exception would be peanuts, which contain little benefit.

Differences in nutrition for men and women

A well-designed diet after a heart attack must take into account gender patient. The foods may be the same, but the serving sizes are different. Proper nutrition during a heart attack for men and women is based on a balanced intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. In the case of men, the daily intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates is up to 90, up to 60 and no more than 400 grams, respectively. For women it is allowed:

up to 80 grams of protein per day;
no more than 70 grams of fat;
maximum 300 grams of carbohydrates.

The amount of liquid for them is the same, and amounts to up to 1.5 liters of purified water without gas. Other drinks are not included. But the main difference between the diets of men and women is the goal they pursue. It is important for men to reduce cholesterol levels, and women's diet focuses on lowering blood sugar. If we talk about daily norm calories, it is 2300 Kcal for men and up to 2200 Kcal for the fairer sex.

Permitted and prohibited products

Your doctor will give you a specific list of foods that you can or cannot eat in the first and subsequent weeks after an attack. Consultation with a nutritionist will be mandatory because different patients react and digest the same food differently. The specialist will tell you what you shouldn’t eat and what dishes to focus on. To normalize the functioning of the heart vessels, the menu is based on dishes that will provide the body with calcium, potassium, magnesium, various vitamins and beneficial microelements. For starters, it is recommended to use only vegetarian soups that are easy to prepare and digest. The basis will be vegetables. It is better not to cook them in meat broths.

During the recovery period after a heart attack, the menu consists of:

various cereals, which are cooked with a small amount of salt and sugar;
low-fat varieties of cheese, dairy and fermented milk products;
lean meat, fish and seafood;
eggs, but in small quantities;
vegetable oils from pumpkin, olives or barley;
seasonal fruits;
vegetables and herbs;
honey;
fresh berries and dried fruits;
green loose leaf tea, making a weak brew.

You can supplement the menu with decoctions from medicinal herbs, which have a positive impact on blood pressure and strengthen blood vessels. Please discuss their use with your doctor. Now let's move on to those products that are strictly not recommended to be consumed during the period. To begin with, forget about rare meals in large portions. This is detrimental to the post-infarction state.

Patients are strictly prohibited from using in their daily diet:

all kinds of semi-finished products, sausages and frankfurters, even of the highest quality;
lard and fatty meat;
fatty fish;
any preserves, marinades, pickles and aggressive spices;
bakery products;
foods that cause fermentation in the stomach and increased gas formation;
alcohol;
fatty cheese and butter;
soda;
strong tea and coffee;
almost everything confectionery.

Fats and lard or fatty meat are not identical concepts. A person needs fat for normal functioning, but it should not be obtained from fatty foods. The same goes for carbohydrates and proteins. There are many sources of essential microelements and substances. Choose the right and safest ones so that the body receives the necessary portions of benefits, minimizing the harmful factor from the food being digested.

The list may expand, depending on the presence of allergic reactions and individual intolerance to various products. Concept healthy eating implies a number of logical restrictions. Even minor violations of diet rules. Believe me, it’s better to replace your favorite chips with some fresh fruit than to suffer from a new heart attack later.

Sample menu

Keep in mind that each body is unique, so the diet is selected individually. Some people are advised to eat garlic every day, while others find it healthier fresh tomatoes. We offer an example of a menu that should be followed during the acute period of rehabilitation. This is an approximate diet and is not universal.

After the acute period, the menu becomes more varied. Patients, in the absence of contraindications and allergies, are recommended to eat garlic and tomatoes. But if it is better to take tomatoes fresh and as ripe as possible, then garlic should be subjected to heat treatment.

Heat-treated garlic releases special substances that protect cardiovascular system from the formation of blood clots. Tomatoes also provide benefits by providing the body with vitamins and minerals. But tomatoes are eaten only fresh and in season. In winter they have neither taste nor benefit. Therefore, it is good to have frozen vegetables in the freezer that you can eat in winter. Ask your doctor if you can move on to the next stage of the diet. The subacute or acute period does not always pass within the specified period of time. With severe heart damage, recovery takes longer. Therefore, you have to adhere to nutritional rules longer.

Even if you have gone through all the stages of recovery, partially or completely returned to your previous life after an attack, forget about the rules rational nutrition never possible. In combination with preventive measures from recurrent heart attacks, a well-designed diet will ensure effective and coordinated functioning of the whole body.

The products we use have a direct impact on all systems and internal organs person. Proper nutrition is required not only after a heart attack. It is much wiser to follow the principles of healthy eating before any health problems occur.

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Diet after myocardial infarction improves blood circulation and metabolism

Myocardial infarction - serious complication coronary heart disease requiring complex treatment where proper nutrition plays a role vital role. For this purpose, nutritionists have developed a special therapeutic diet after a heart attack.

Causes, symptoms and nutritional habits after a heart attack ^

Myocardial infarction develops due to blockage blood clot(thrombus) of the coronary artery. In this case, oxygen supply to the heart tissue area is disrupted, cell death occurs, and a scar forms at the site of the cardiac “catastrophe.”

Atherosclerosis is considered the main culprit in the occurrence of heart attacks. However, there are other factors that significantly increase the likelihood of the disease:

Obesity, overweight, physical inactivity.
Male gender. Women suffer from heart attacks after 50 years of age on an equal basis with men.
Heredity.
Smoking.
Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. They are the ones who block the vessel.
Hypertension.
Diabetes mellitus.

The main symptom of a heart attack is severe pain in the center chest. Even at rest, the pain is burning, pressing, reminiscent of angina, but more pronounced. Painful sensations can be given to different parts of the body.

A heart attack is often accompanied by a lack of oxygen, suffocation, heart rhythm disturbances (interruptions), nausea or vomiting. However, sometimes it happens that the disease is detected only during echocardiography. Most often, asymptomatic heart attack, not accompanied by pain, occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Features of therapeutic nutrition for heart attack

Restoring health after a heart attack is not an easy task; this requires a set of measures, including drug treatment, physical therapy, refusal bad habits and therapeutic nutrition.

The diet after a heart attack is approved by the Institute of Nutrition (diet No. 10). The treatment menu is aimed at improving blood circulation, normalizing metabolic processes, improving the functioning of the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys.
The energy value of the diet is reduced due to fats and carbohydrates. Heavy foods, foods that excite the nervous system, irritate the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys and cause flatulence are excluded.
Priority is given to foods rich in lyotropic substances, potassium and magnesium. Food is prepared using dietary methods (stewing, boiling, steaming, baking) and without salt. Liquid is limited to 1.2 liters.
Dietary nutrition is aimed at eliminating the causes of the disease. To reduce blood cholesterol levels, it is recommended to exclude fatty foods. protein products from the diet. Limiting salt reduces the risk of hypertension.
It is vital for overweight patients to lose excess weight. This will not only reduce excessive load on weakened heart muscles, but also normalizes lipid metabolism.

Vegetarian first courses
Lean fish and poultry.
Inconvenient pastries and daily bread or crackers.
Dairy products.
Pasta dishes (not premium) cereals.
Baked or boiled vegetables.
Fruits, berries.

Prohibited foods :

Baking, fresh bread.
Rich broths (from mushrooms, meat, fish).
Fatty meat, kidneys, smoked meats, sausages.
Marinades, salted fish and cheese.
Beans.
Coarse fiber.
Tea (strong), coffee and chocolate.

Myocardial scarring occurs after 3 weeks. During this period, therapeutic nutrition is strictly controlled by a doctor. Food prepared in a dietary manner is served without salt, pureed. Portions are small, but meals are recommended up to 8 times a day. The diet consists mainly of liquid cereals, vegetable soups and low-calorie dairy products. Calorie content does not exceed 1000 kcal.

After discharge from the hospital, the diet becomes less strict, but salt, fatty foods, strong coffee and tea, alcohol and confectionery are still prohibited. The patient's daily caloric intake should be about 1400 kcal.

Taking into account the characteristics of the body, the diet for each patient is prepared individually by the doctor. For example, a diet after a heart attack for women is more (than for men) aimed at lowering blood sugar. The post-heart attack diet for men focuses on lowering cholesterol levels. In both cases, the diet may differ, but it is made up of permitted products and has the same restrictions.

Diet after a heart attack: sample menu and features ^

Feeding the patient should be frequent and divided and carried out in 7-8 doses per day.

An approximate menu in the acute period after an attack may be as follows:

Compote without sugar, from prunes, 1/2 cup of low-calorie kefir.
Cereal porridge with milk, half a glass carrot juice+ a teaspoon of olive oil, grated apple.
Chicken breast (50 gr.), rosehip decoction.
Half a glass of carrot juice with olive oil.
A piece of steamed fish (50 g) and vegetable broth.
Half a glass of jelly.
Grated low-fat cottage cheese and half a glass of blackcurrant juice.
Half a glass of curdled milk.

Gradually, the diet expands, but meals still remain fractional. From 2-4 weeks the diet may look like this:

A glass of rose hip decoction.
Buckwheat porridge, not pureed. Salad of greens, cucumbers and tomatoes, tea with a spoon of sugar.
Vegetarian borscht, boiled chicken and rice, freshly squeezed apple juice.
Cottage cheese with a teaspoon of sugar, pear, compote.
Vegetable puree, a piece of fish, tea.
Milk and crackers.
Cottage cheese with raisins and a teaspoon of sour cream, apple, tea.
Kefir and steamed prunes.

As the patient's condition improves, the daily calorie content increases to 2200 kcal. You can switch to four meals a day, making up your menu from permitted foods, gradually including salt.

The diet after a major heart attack during the recovery period should contain no more than 10% fat, about 30% protein and 60% complex carbohydrates. Meals are also four times a day, up to 7 grams permissible. salt, before going to bed you can drink fermented baked milk or kefir. It is recommended to drink 3 glasses of water and get the same portion of liquid with food.

The diet after a heart attack and stenting is recommended by the doctor individually. Its goal is to reduce cholesterol levels and the risk of plaque formation. Therefore, the content of animal fats is reduced to a minimum. You will have to monitor your cholesterol levels especially carefully.

Results, recommendations and reviews from doctors about nutritional therapy after a heart attack ^

Strict adherence to the diet will shorten the period of illness and rehabilitation. The results of a diet after a heart attack are quite positive, since thanks to it the patient will be able to return to their usual lifestyle in a more time-efficient manner. short term. It is especially good if the patient develops correct eating habits.

Reviews from doctors about diet after a heart attack are only positive. Products that cause hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are excluded from the diet, and caloric restriction is aimed at reducing weight, the culprit of many cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiologists consider it acceptable Mediterranean diet for the prevention of heart attack. The use of fatty fish, poultry, olive oil, garlic, cereals, nuts, green vegetables, fruits, and durum wheat products in the diet maintains the elasticity of blood vessels and reliably protects against cardiovascular problems.

Diet for myocardial infarction

Patients who have suffered a dangerous, life-threatening condition caused by blockage of a blood clot in one of the coronary vessels hearts, require constant and serious medical supervision. Regardless of whether a small or large area of the heart muscle was damaged after a myocardial infarction, such patients require lifelong adjustments to their entire lifestyle, and changes in diet are key.

The first day after myocardial infarction

During the first 24 hours after the patient is admitted to the ward intensive care Most often he is not allowed to eat. In addition, the volume of liquid drunk is significantly limited (up to 600 ml per day). This is done in order to reduce the load on the heart that occurs when eating and immediately after eating. Drinking liquid increases the patient's blood volume, which also has a bad effect on the functioning of the heart.

First week after myocardial infarction

The digestion process requires a lot of energy from the body. While eating, the pulse quickens, blood pressure rises, and blood flow to the organs increases. digestive system. Therefore in acute stage myocardial infarction, food should be taken often (ideally 6 times a day), in small portions. Daily allowance energy value is 1500 kcal.

For normal scarring of the infarction area, complete proteins are necessary. To do this you need to eat more sea fish. as well as white chicken meat. You can eat lean beef, veal in the form of minced meat products, casseroles.

The amount of fat, especially of animal origin, must be reduced. In the future, a low-fat diet should become the norm for a person who has had a heart attack. It is better to cook food using vegetable oil, avoid butter, fatty dairy products, beef and lamb fat, and lard.

The diet should contain a sufficient amount of glucose, fiber, and potassium. Glucose and especially fructose are important source energy. Fiber is essential for preventing constipation. which significantly increase the load on the cardiovascular system. Potassium and other trace elements are required for normal contraction of the heart muscle. Glucose, fiber, microelements are found in vegetables and fruits, so they can be consumed in sufficient quantity. You should only avoid foods that cause bloating and excess gas (legumes, radishes, grape juice).

Patients with myocardial infarction should limit their intake of table salt to 4–5 g per day. Excessive use salt leads to its retention in the body, which in turn causes fluid accumulation. This leads to an increase in blood volume and increased stress on the cardiovascular system, and also increases blood pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to salt food less, and ready-made dishes, including vegetable salads, do not add salt.

The volume of liquid drunk (including soup) should be no more than 800 ml per day.

Sample menu

During the first week, dishes are prepared mainly pureed.

After waking up - prune infusion 200 ml.
Breakfast: 90 g buckwheat porridge, 50 g cottage cheese, weak tea with sugar 200 ml.
Second breakfast: 100 g of applesauce, 100 g of rosehip decoction with sugar.
Lunch: 150 g of weak broth with protein flakes, 50 g of boiled chicken fillet, 100 g of blackcurrant jelly.
Afternoon snack: 50 g cottage cheese, 100 g grated carrots, 100 ml rosehip decoction.
Dinner: 50 g boiled sea fish, 100 g vegetable puree, 150 ml of weak tea with lemon.
For the whole day: 120 g of wheat crackers, 30 g of sugar.

During the 2–3rd week after myocardial infarction, the diet is gradually expanded.

Breakfast: 100 g rice porridge, 50 g protein omelet, 200 ml weak coffee with sugar.
Second breakfast: 150 g of boiled cauliflower, 100 ml of rosehip decoction.
Lunch: 250 g vegetarian borscht, 55 g boiled meat, 125 g vegetable puree, 50 g lemon jelly.
Afternoon snack: 100 g of fruit salad, 100 ml of rosehip decoction.
Dinner: 120 g buckwheat porridge, 50 g beef stroganoff, 200 ml weak tea.
At night: 200 ml of yogurt.
For the whole day: 100 g of white bread, 50 g of black bread, 50 g of sugar.

Nutrition in the post-infarction period

After 3–4 weeks acute heart attack myocardium, the rehabilitation period begins. At this time and throughout the rest of life, the patient must follow an anti-atherosclerotic diet.

During development chronic failure blood circulation, appropriate nutritional correction is carried out.

The calorie content of the diet should be 2025 kcal per day, volume free liquid– up to 1000 ml.

Sample menu

Breakfast: 125 g of buckwheat porridge, 130 g of low-fat cottage cheese, 200 ml of weak coffee with milk.

Second breakfast: 100 g of applesauce, 100 ml of rosehip decoction with sugar.

Lunch: 250 g pureed carrot soup, 80 g boiled chicken with side dish, 50 g blackcurrant jelly.

Afternoon snack: 100 g apples, 100 ml rosehip decoction.

Dinner: 150 g of boiled sea fish with mashed potatoes, 50 g of low-fat cottage cheese with sugar, 200 ml of tea with lemon.

At night: 50 g of soaked prunes or dried apricots.

Treatment of myocardial infarction with diet.

People with excess body weight need to normalize their body weight, as this helps normalize lipid metabolism disorders and also reduces physical activity on the heart muscle. For such patients it is recommended fasting days. The following types of fasting days can be recommended:

1) 500 g oatmeal and 800 ml fruit juice for a day;

2) watermelon day (consume 300 g of ripe watermelon 5 times a day);

3) rice-compote day (5 glasses of compote, 100 g of rice porridge per day);

4) apple day (1.5-2 kg of baked or pureed apples per day).

Diet No. 10, developed by the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

Limited intake: butter and margarine containing polyunsaturated fatty acids in large quantities (in Russia - “Zdorovye” margarine). Oil: sunflower, corn, saffron, soybean, olive, cottonseed.

Not recommended: oil and fat obtained during frying meat and meat products, lard, coconut oil. Margarines without mark o high content unsaturated fats. Melted or vegetable oil of unknown origin. Hydrogenated oils and margarines.

Limited intake: lean beef, bacon, ham, lean ground beef, liver and kidneys.

Not recommended: meat with visible fat, lamb brisket and ribs, pork (meat from the abdominal area), bacon with layers of fat, sausages, sausages, salami, pate, scrambled eggs with meat, duck, goose, meat pastes, poultry skin.

Limited intake: semi-skimmed milk, medium-fat cheeses (Eden, Camembert). Processed, spreadable cheeses, 1-3 eggs per week, semi-fat cheeses, sour cream only for dressing dishes.

flounder. Fatty fish: herring, mackerel, sardines, tuna, salmon (chum salmon, pink salmon, salmon).

Limited intake: fish cooked in suitable oil. Shellfish. Marine crustaceans. Not recommended: fish roe.

5. Fruits/vegetables.

Recommended: all fresh and frozen, boiled and baked vegetables, peas, beans, olives. Potatoes are boiled, peeled or “in their jackets” (eating the skin whenever possible). Fresh fruits, unsweetened canned fruits, walnuts, chestnut Dried fruits (prunes, dried apricots, seedless raisins).

Limited intake: fried, stewed potatoes cooked in suitable oil, fruits in syrup, candied fruits, almonds, hazelnuts.

Recommended: wholemeal flour (unsifted), bread made from it, as well as grain bread, with bran, peeled, rye, unmilled (whole) cereals, oatmeal, wheat flour; oatmeal with water and milk, puddings, cereals; unpolished rice and rice paste; pasta casseroles, crackers cooked in the oven, oatmeal cookies, yeast-free bread.

Limited intake: white flour, white bread, sweet cereals for breakfast, polished (white) rice and rice paste, ordinary semi-sweet sponge cake, sponge cake cooked in water.

Limited intake: cakes, confectionery, biscuits and condiments prepared in suitable oil or margarine, homemade snacks saturated fat.

Not recommended: cakes, puddings, biscuits with saturated fats, dumplings, puddings with fat, condiments with cream and butter, everything bought in a store, puddings and condiments, snacks cooked in “boiling” oil (fried side dishes), dairy ice cream.

Limited intake: sugary drinks, low-malt drinks, low-fat liquid chocolate (rare), packaged soups, meat soups, alcohol.

Conclusion: Treatment of myocardial infarction with diet - prerequisite successful recovery after myocardial infarction.