Initially vitamin B3 had a different name - RR, due to its ability to prevent the occurrence of a rather dangerous disease - pellagra. Over time, more modern name- niacin. In plants, this vitamin exists in the form of nicotinic acid and has properties different from its animal counterpart, nicotinamide.

Vitamin B3 was synthesized for the first time in 1867, during experiments with nicotinic acid, however biological significance This discovery was realized only in 1937.

Beneficial properties of vitamin B3

Numerous beneficial properties Niacin is explained by the presence of nitrogen in its molecule - it provides extreme mobility and the ability to penetrate any cells of the body, bypassing free radicals. Vitamin B3 is water-soluble, and therefore is not able to accumulate, being excreted with various body fluids and spreading through the blood. It can also be synthesized (in minute quantities) by intestinal bacteria, but only in the presence of vitamins and.

One of the main functions of niacin is the regulation energy metabolism in the body. It normalizes blood glucose levels and is responsible for controlling its use. Vitamin B3 is also necessary for work cardiovascular system- taking care of increasing the content of “good” cholesterol, it not only reduces the level of “bad” cholesterol, but also participates in the synthesis of hemoglobin, dilates blood vessels and reduces the risk of heart attacks.

Niacin is also needed for normal operation Gastrointestinal tract - it stimulates the production of enzymes of the liver, pancreas and gastric juice, promotes the absorption of plant proteins and supports the functioning of the intestinal and oral mucous membranes.

Significant benefits of vitamin B3 and in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system. Its therapeutic effect can not only stimulate memory and associative thinking, but also to get rid of schizophrenia. Essentially a tranquilizer, it can have a relaxing effect and is excellent for treating anxiety and bulimia.

What foods contain vitamin B3

The minimum daily intake of vitamin B3 is quite high - 14 mg for men and 16 mg for women. However, getting it is quite simple - you need to use uncrushed cereals and unrefined grains in your daily diet, as well as eat mushrooms and nuts. Peanuts (16 mg) and dried aspen boletuses (93 mg) are especially rich in niamine, and dry brewer's yeast (36 mg) is rightfully considered its most accessible source.

It is important to take into account that vitamin B3 is absorbed differently from different foods. For example, legumes will be a better source of it than grains.

An excellent property of niamine is its resistance to in various ways processing, and therefore it is perfectly preserved in products both during freezing and during drying, cooking and even interaction with salt.

Lack of vitamin B3

Small vitamin B3 deficiency It’s extremely difficult to notice right away, because its symptoms - insomnia, irritability, headaches, fatigue - can always be attributed to fatigue. A lack of niamine can cause a sharp increase in weight, or, conversely, a lack of appetite, as well as a slight increase in blood sugar.

Signs of serious vitamin deficiency include memory loss, diarrhea, the appearance of cracks and inflammation in the skin, as well as a burning sensation in the extremities. People whose diet is characterized by an excess of sugar or the regular presence of alcohol, as well as elderly people (over 55 years old) are at risk.

Vitamin B3 overdose

By consuming plant foods containing vitamin B3, it is impossible to get an overdose, because surpluses are quickly removed by their own excretory systems body. However, when excessive consumption niamin in the form of drugs are possible following symptoms: dizziness, numbness and redness of the scalp. They are especially likely after taking the drug on an empty stomach.

A significant excess of vitamin B3 in the human body threatens gastrointestinal disorders and fatty liver, accompanied by vomiting, stomach pain and yellowing of the whites of the eyes. Therefore, we advise you to abandon synthetic vitamins and take everything in its natural form, getting the required amount of vitamins and minerals from fresh fruits, vegetables, legumes, grains and nuts.

A powerful protector of the immune system, which is not afraid of the effects of temperature, alkali, acid and ultraviolet radiation. It's all about niacin, one of the B vitamins. What else is interesting about this substance and what are its benefits for our body? Let's find out together.

Vitamin B3, vitamin PP, niacin. These are three names for one substance that medicine considers a medicine. It is also called the vitamin of calm. It belongs to the group of water-soluble and is easily absorbed in the body. He is not afraid of high temperatures, acidic or alkaline environments, or strong exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This substance has two forms: nicotinic acid and nicotinamide.

Nicotinic acid was first synthesized as a type of nicotine. This took place in the century before last and, of course, they did not yet know about the importance of this substance for the human body. Scientists learned about this already in the 20th century.

Niacin and ascorbic acid are considered the most effective in the fight against various diseases.

Use of vitamin B3

The role of niacin in supporting human health is quite multifaceted. It takes part in the metabolism of fats and proteins, in tissue respiration, and regulates restoration processes. Vitamin B3 is very necessary for healthy functioning gastrointestinal tract, it helps break down food entering the stomach into proteins, carbohydrates, fats and thus releases energy from food.

Niacin lowers cholesterol levels and dilates blood vessels in the brain. Its presence in the body in sufficient quantities - necessary condition healthy skin. It reduces pain and improves joint mobility. It is useful in emotional and nervous disorders, including in the treatment of depression and schizophrenia. That's why it's called the vitamin of calm. Sometimes it even helps suppress cancer.

Daily requirement of niacin

The daily dose of this vitamin depends on age. For adults healthy people this is 18-25 mg per day, for pregnant women - up to 26 mg, for lactating women - up to 28 mg, for infants- up to 8 mg, for other children - up to 21 mg.

As for the interaction of niacin with other substances, copper and vitamin B6 are needed for its absorption and effectiveness in the body. Inhibits the absorption of niacin medicines“Rifampin”, “Penicillamine”, “Isoniazid”.

You should know that long-term use Large doses of niacin may contribute to fatty liver.

Signs of vitamin B3 deficiency and overdose

Both deficiency and overdose of niacin negatively affect the body. Thus, with a lack of vitamin B3, dizziness and fatigue, loss of appetite and headaches, muscle weakness and gastrointestinal disorders, insomnia and decreased libido, and depression may occur. Sometimes a deficiency of this substance leads to cracks in the skin and its inflammation, peeling, memory loss and diarrhea, dementia and anemia.

Symptoms of an overdose of nicotinic acid (B3) are dizziness, vomiting, nausea, severe itching skin, hyperemia, arrhythmia, hyperglycemia.

Food Sources of Niacin

Vitamin B3 is found in animal foods and plant origin. Thus, a lot of niacin is found in brewer's yeast and wheat bran, nuts and beans, broccoli and carrots, cheese and dates, potatoes and tomatoes. This substance is also found in herbs. For example, it is found in chamomile, peppermint, raspberry leaves, red clover, sorrel.

As for the niacin content in animal products, liver and poultry, fish and beef, milk and eggs.

Vitamin B3 is also synthesized by the microflora of our intestines.

So, the use of niacin in the body is quite wide. It is needed at any age and helps to recover from many diseases. Its presence in products accessible to all makes it possible to include it in daily diet people who regularly take care of their health.

Vitamin B3 has many names. Among the B vitamins, it is listed as B3 chemists call it niacin. And until recently it was called vitamin PP.

And for smokers, under the name of nicotinic acid, it has become the hero of one of the most enduring myths about the benefits of tobacco.

Nicotine and its derivatives

Nicotine is chemical compound, which is found in the leaves of plants of the nightshade family.

Most of it is found in tobacco leaves, but can be found in the tops of tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants and even green peppers.

This potent neurotoxin can easily oxidize and become useful vitamin B3. But there is one problem - in the human body no enzyme allowing such a transformation to occur. This means that nicotine remains a toxin, and its “vitamin content” remains a myth.

How does it work?

A person has only two ways to obtain nicotinic acid. The first is with food. In animal products it is found mainly in the form of easily digestible nicotinamide. In plant foods - in the form of nicotinic acid, which is converted into nicotinamide.

But this vitamin can also be synthesized by the human body. Or rather, its symbionts - beneficial bacteria that live in the large intestine.

True, they require amino acids for this tryptophan in sufficient quantities: from 60 mg of tryptophan, only 1 mg of nicotinic acid is formed. And the presence of other B vitamins is mandatory - pyridoxine (B6) and riboflavin (B2).

Why is it needed?

The main function of niacin is to help in energy production in cells. Together with riboflavin, it helps in the synthesis of ATP - energy stations human body.

Niacin is involved in the production sex hormones– estrogens, progesterone and testosterone. And also in the production of adrenal hormones and thyroid gland.

Vitamin PP stimulates production gastric juice and helps production digestive enzymes in the liver and pancreas. He himself is involved in the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates.

Moreover, he expands small vessels , helping to improve peripheral blood flow, cleanses blood vessels from " bad cholesterol"and helps reduce blood pressure.

How much do you need?

Children under 6 months – 2 mg
Children from 6 to 12 months – 4 mg
Children from 1 to 3 years - 6 mg
Children from 4 to 8 years old - 8 mg
Children from 9 to 13 years old - 12 mg
Boys and men after 14 years - 16 mg
Girls and women after 14 years 14 - 14 mg

Pregnant and lactating women require more vitamin B3, but its dosage must be strictly coordinate with your attending physician.

What if it's not enough?

Severe deficiency of vitamin B3 leads to the development of a disease called pellagra. Sometimes it is called a disease three D: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia.

People with niacin deficiency develop mental and physical disorders - ulcers appear on the skin, weakness of the limbs, indigestion, insomnia, and intellectual impairment develop.

Less severe deficiency vitamin B3 is characterized increased fatigue, headaches, sleep and appetite disturbances, the appearance of mouth ulcers and the development of skin diseases.

A person develops depression due to a lack of tryptophan. After all, the body uses it not for the needs of the brain - the production of the “good mood hormone” serotonin - but to replenish the deficiency of niacin, which is vital for the functioning of cells.

What prevents it from being absorbed?

Like other water-soluble vitamins, niacin is not deposited in the body and must be constantly enter with food.

Vitamin B3 absorption occurs in lower section stomach and duodenum. Therefore, in diseases of these organs, its deficiency is observed.

Also, a lack of niacin is observed when the natural intestinal microflora is disrupted - after taking antibiotics and during strict diets.

Niacin-destroying products containing sugar, such as desserts and sodas.

Frequent consumption also leads to niacin deficiency plant food, in which vitamin PP is contained in an indigestible form. For example, refined cereals and corn.

What to eat?

Diverse and balanced diet allows you to fully meet the body's need for vitamin PP. Rich in Niacin regular yeast and whole grain products that contain bran.

There is a lot of vitamin B3 in lean beef, liver, heart and kidneys. Slightly less - in dairy products, eggs, chicken and sea fish.

It is also found in mushrooms, nuts, leafy vegetables, tomatoes and legumes.

The most important thing

Vitamin B3 cannot be obtained by lighting a cigarette, but it is rich in it meat products and whole grains. This vitamin can be produced from tryptophan beneficial bacteria in the intestines. It is necessary for the nutrition of all cells of the body and proper absorption useful substances. Don't forget: vitamin B3 is the vitamin PP from the old books.

A smoker can make a phone call 8-800-200-0-200 (the call is free for residents of Russia), say that he needs help in quitting smoking, and he will be switched to the specialists of the Advisory Call Center for Help in Quitting Tobacco Consumption (CTC). If all KTC specialists are busy at this moment, his phone number will be sent to KTC by email, and they will call him back within 1-3 days.

For those who contacted KTC advisory assistance provided by psychologists and doctors. Psychologists help prepare for the day of quitting smoking, help find a replacement for smoking rituals, together with the client they will determine the optimal ways to overcome addiction, and support in difficult moments of struggle with smoking. nicotine addiction. Doctors will advise on the most effective therapeutic methods smoking cessation, will give advice to patients with various diseases about how best to prepare for quitting smoking, taking into account existing health problems.

Oct-1-2016

What is vitamin B3

Sometimes there are people who constantly or occasionally suffer from skin diseases. In addition, they are often irritable and even depressed. On top of that, indigestion often occurs. Such patients receive a prescription from a doctor and take three various medicines: from diarrhea, from skin disease and “from nerves”. Over the next few weeks or months, they try to treat their ailments without apparent success. Then they are directed to narrow specialists: for gastrointestinal, skin diseases and to a neurologist. They conduct a thorough examination and prescribe new medications.

Constant visits to doctors, a lot of bottles, ampoules and packages of pills... But sometimes such patients only lack vitamin B3.

Vitamin B3 is niacin. Another name for this substance is niacin. This vitamin also received the name PP (this is an abbreviation for “preventing pellagra”).

It used to be called a cure for pellagra because it was used to treat the population of those countries where the main food product is corn, which contains almost no niacin. Patients with pellagra develop blisters and pustules, they suffer from stomach pain and headaches, depression, and insomnia.

Many of us may also have pellagra, although it may be latent or mild form. When there is a lack of niacin, the skin, intestines and nervous system.

If you are overcome skin diseases If you are nervous and angry for no particular reason, and also suffer from diarrhea, then you may not have enough vitamin B3.

What is niacin?

Niacin is the common name for two types of substances in which this vitamin is found, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. It is a white, water-soluble and very persistent substance. Neither high temperature, nor acids, nor alkalis, nor powerful ultraviolet radiation. The reason is that this nitrogen containing molecule is very simple in nature. chemical structure. Nature created it, just like the vitamin C molecule, to be extremely mobile. In 70 trillion cells of the human body, it plays like this important role that it simply needs to go from the food mass to the cells of the body as quickly as possible. Simple chemical structure It also helps that free radicals It is not so easy to catch this vitamin in the bloodstream and destroy it, as often happens with “large” molecules. Such amazing properties of vitamin B3 make it especially valuable. The speed at which niacin can treat diseases is matched only by the effectiveness of vitamin C.

What is vitamin B3 for?

Vitamin B3 is very important for the normal functioning of the body and maintaining health.

In the human body, niacin performs the following functions:

• Dilates small vessels (including the brain);
• Improves microcirculation;
• Has a weak anticoagulant effect (increases fibrinolytic activity of the blood);
• Participates in energy production;
• Reduces the level of “bad” cholesterol and triglycerides, which significantly reduces the risk of a heart attack;
• Necessary for amino acid metabolism;
• Normalizes heart function, participates in the formation of hemoglobin;
• Stimulates the production of gastric juice and helps the production of digestive enzymes in the liver and pancreas, participates in the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates;
• Participates in the synthesis of hormones;
• Promotes the absorption of protein from plant foods;
• Ensures normal functioning of the nervous system;
• Participates in ensuring normal vision;
• Maintains healthy skin, intestinal and oral mucosa.

No other vitamin, and indeed no other nutrient, in the process of metabolism does not get as close to the boundaries of the psyche as niacin. While other vitamins, such as C or B6, activate the action of psychohormones, so to speak, from the outside, vitamin B3 itself is involved in the biosynthesis of such hormones. This is what makes it so unusual. The fact is that from tryptophan in the process of metabolism, the nerve irritant serotonin is formed, which affects our sleep and mood. Since niacin is absolutely essential for the production of energy in the cells of the body, when it is deficient, a significant proportion of tryptophan is converted into niacin. And this, in turn, leads to a lack of serotonin and, as a result, to insomnia, poor concentration, depression, nervousness, even severe depression, hallucinations and even schizophrenia. And all this despite the fact that most of us already suffer from tryptophan deficiency. But when nature is faced with a dilemma, what is more important - a clear mind or a viable body, it always decides in favor of the latter. The priority of cellular respiration is a law of nature. This is the guarantor of life as such. IN complex world hormones there are many other examples that our good mood for nature it does not count when life itself is at stake.

It’s simply amazing how actively this little wizard takes part in the work of our incomprehensibly complex factory of life. Vitamin B3 is one of the most important substances for electron transport and energy production in a living cell. In this case, the enzymes niacin and riboflavin form a bridge through which hydrogen atoms are transported to the “furnace”. Without niacin, large areas of tissue die very quickly, and life itself is at risk.

But if we eat right, eating whole foods with high content vitamins, then we will ensure the influx of many trillions of niacin molecules to the cells, and thereby sufficient quantity energy, healthy circulation and normal muscle activity.

Another extremely important function Vitamin B3 in metabolism: since this vitamin is an acid, it inhibits the release fatty acids and thus reduces cholesterol and blood levels.

Studies in the United States have shown that when treated with niacin, cholesterol levels are reduced by 22% and triglycerides (fat molecules) by 52%.

In addition, niacin dilates blood vessels, thereby eliminating circulatory delays. Niacin's ability to dilate blood vessels may also help people suffering from migraines.

Vitamin deficiency:

Primary deficiency is a lack of incoming food, for example, when corn predominates in the diet, since vitamin PP, although contained in it, is in a bound state and is not assimilated in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, corn proteins are low in tryptophan, which is used in the body to synthesize endogenous vitamin B3.

Secondary - due to impaired absorption or assimilation of vitamin PP, as well as an increase in the need for it.

Hypovitaminosis of niacin can occur for years without specific manifestations.

Its signs include:

• lethargy, apathy, fatigue
• dizziness, headache
• irritability
• insomnia
• loss of appetite, weight loss
• cyanosis of lips, cheeks and hands
• pale and dry skin
• heartbeat
• constipation
• decreased body resistance to infections

With prolonged deficiency of vitamin PP, pellagra disease can develop.

Pellagra – dangerous disease, caused by vitamin deficiency (lack) of vitamin B3 in the body. Pellagra is characterized by the presence of three “D” symptoms:

• diarrhea (indigestion and, as a result, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea);
• dermatitis (skin, especially on the face, neck and arms, as well as on other open areas of the body, becomes bright red, inflamed and peeling, the tongue also becomes inflamed);
• dementia (acquired dementia).

Pellagra is a serious disease that manifests itself by damage to the skin and mucous membranes, severe diarrhea, neuropsychiatric disorders. Now it's serious illness is rare, but initial symptoms- Vitamin B3 deficiency is a fairly common occurrence. This disease was especially widespread among prisoners in camps during World War II.

Vitamin requirement:

Children and teenagers need 5 to 12 mg of niacin daily, adults need about 6.6 mg for every 1000 calories consumed, that is, for women it will be 13-15 mg, for men 15-20 mg. Those who engage in heavy physical labor need an increased dose of the vitamin. This also applies to pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Things to consider:

Excessive consumption of sugar, sweets or sugary drinks leads to a loss of niacin. Vitamin B3 cannot be stored in the body for future use. Excess is excreted in the urine, so vitamin reserves must be constantly replenished.

Our body can produce vitamin B3 itself from the amino acid tryptophan. Tryptophan is found mainly in meat, fish, poultry, and also in cottage cheese.

What foods contain vitamin B3

Vitamin B3 is found mainly in lean meat, liver, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, as well as in cereal and corn seeds. Brewer's yeast - most important source niacin.

Particularly rich in niacin (in milligrams):

Brewer's yeast (100 grams) – 35.6

Peanuts (1 cup) – 24.2

Liver (100 grams) – 12.2

Tuna (100 grams) – 10.3

Poultry (100 grams) – 9.6

Dried apricots (1 cup) – 8.2

Heart (100 grams) – 7.4

Salmon (100 grams) – 6.8

Natural wheat grains (1 cup) - 5.2

Lamb cutlet (1 piece) – 5.1

Almonds (1 cup) - 4.7

Mushrooms (1 cup) - 4.6

Green peas (1 cup) - 3.8

Pork cutlet (1 piece) – 3.6

Soybeans (100 grams) - 2.9

Harm:

An overdose of niacin usually does not have dangerous consequences. Sometimes there is slight dizziness, redness of the skin on the face, muscle numbness and tingling. Long-term overdose of vitamin B3 fatty degeneration liver, loss of appetite and stomach pain.

Taking niacin is contraindicated during exacerbations peptic ulcer, complex liver lesions, with severe forms atherosclerosis and hypertension, as well as gout and excess uric acid in the blood.

It should be noted that negative consequences Overdoses of nicotinic acid occur quite rarely, which cannot be said about a deficiency of this substance.

It is a drug (unlike others) and takes part in the oxidative reactions of cells.

Vitamin name

Why is it called B3?

Water-soluble vitamins are combined into one group called: group B. All vitamins that are included in this group have capital letter Normal. They share some common properties:

• These are water-soluble (not fat-soluble) vitamins,
• do not accumulate in the body (except for ), therefore they require constant replenishment,
• quickly break down when ingested and are quickly absorbed.

Why is it called niacin or nicotinic acid?

Niacin is an obsolete name for this vitamin.

Nicotinic acid and nicotine are not the same thing. Nicotine is a poison, and nicotinic acid is a vitamin that brings benefits to the human body. Vitamin B3 was first obtained in 1867 through the oxidation of nicotine with chromic acid.

Why is it called RR?

The name PP means "anti-pellagric". This element cures a disease called pellagra (one of the types of vitamin deficiency, vitamin PP deficiency). The symptoms of the disease are:

• dementia - decline cognitive abilities at the elementary level,
• depression and mental disorders,
• diarrhea,
• peeling and redness of areas of skin exposed to the sun,
• painful sensations in the mouth and esophagus.

This disease is common in people with a monotonous diet of foods low in tryptophan. Tryptophan is necessary for the synthesis of vitamin PP in the body. Therefore, it is very important that human food is as varied as possible. In reality, today this disease manifests itself in South Africa and in chronic alcoholics.

Functions of vitamin PP

RR - water soluble vitamin, which reduces bad cholesterol levels and the risk of heart attacks.

The main functions of niacin include:

1. blood sugar regulation
2. cholesterol reduction
3. maintenance of genetic processes in cells

More functions:

Nervous system

Niacin helps with migraines, ensures the normal functioning of the nervous system and brain, is a source of energy, and, together with other vitamins, helps in the development and formation of the nervous system of children.

Cardiovascular system

B3 improves blood circulation, affects the speed of blood flow, has a cleansing effect on blood vessels, helps reduce blood pressure and prevents the occurrence of heart and vascular diseases.

Hormonal balance

Niacin plays big role in the synthesis of sex hormones, also in the hormones of the thyroid gland, pancreas and adrenal glands.

Digestive tract

B3 enhances the secretion of gastric juice, promotes the movement of food, has therapeutic effect in case of inflammation of the mucous membranes, it activates the pancreas and stimulates bile secretion. The drug can be prescribed for stomach and duodenal ulcers, liver diseases, and enterocolitis.

Other functions of vitamin B3 include:

• energy production,
• support of genetic processes,
• fat metabolism,
• regulation of insulin activity and blood sugar levels,
• improvement of brain function,
• participation in the formation of red blood cells,
• general calming effect.

What products contain

If you do not want to experience a deficiency of this useful element, you need to know the sources of its content.

Niacin is found in foods of animal and plant origin.

• meat (lamb, beef, white poultry),
• offal (heart, liver, kidneys, tongue),
• eggs,
• fish and seafood,
• potato,
• cereals,
• legumes,
• nuts and seeds,
• tomatoes,
• broccoli,
• prunes,
• wheat flour, unrefined,
• bran.

Niacin, being a stable water-soluble element, is still destroyed when cleaning products, but it is resistant to air and light and is not changed during cooking. It does not collapse when high temperature, it is not harmed by the acid-base environment digestive system and UV radiation.

We need to make sure that our menu includes foods that contain vitamin B3. The ratio of plant foods to foods of animal origin should be approximately 2 to 1. It is important to eat foods that contain fiber; it perfectly cleanses the intestines.

TOP 10 products with the maximum content of vitamin PP (mg per 100 grams of product)

1. beef liver - 17.5 mg,
2. dried Shiitaki mushrooms - 14.1 mg,
3. chicken breast - 13.7 mg,
4. wheat bran - 13.6 mg,
5. tuna - 11.9 mg,
6. veal - 9.5 mg,
7. salmon - 8.2 mg,
8. halibut - 7.1 mg,
9. buckwheat - 7.0 mg,
10. bulgur - 5.1 mg.

Daily vitamin requirement

Niacin norm for healthy people:

• children under one year old – 2-4 mg.
• children from 3 years to 14 years – 8-12 mg.
• men – 16-20 mg.
• women – 14-18 mg.

Many people experience niacin deficiency, and it is especially necessary for pregnant and lactating women, athletes, people exposed to stress and heavy mental workload, people doing heavy lifting. physical work, at chronic diseases, with a poor diet. Also, an increased dosage of B3 is necessary for drug addicts, alcohol abusers and smokers.

It is important to remember that B3 is a drug, if there is a need to take it, daily norm It is best to determine with a doctor.

Vitamin deficiency in the body

Niacin deficiency accumulates gradually; with B3 deficiency, the nervous system is primarily affected. Symptoms: fear, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, anger. Fatigue also increases.

Woman Staring Out Window - Image by © Rick Gomez/Corbis

The most dangerous disease caused by a lack of B3 - pellagra, we talked about it above. The risk of getting pellagra is very high if the basis of your diet consists of foods containing starch (more than 80%) or you are a chronic alcoholic.

Niacin deficiency affects the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. This is expressed in the appearance of heartburn, nausea and loss of appetite, indigestion.

Overdose

An excess of vitamin B3 in the case of (constant) consumption of food products containing this vitamin in significant doses is not possible. But in the case of using this vitamin in dosage forms(tablets, capsules), an overdose is possible, which has negative impact on the body. A large dosage can negatively affect liver function.

Symptoms of overdose when using this vitamin (PP):

• headache,
• skin rash and peeling,
• arrhythmia,
• nausea and vomiting.

Vitamin PP in pharmacies

Release forms

1% solution for injection (for intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous administration) and tablets (50 mg each).

How is it released?

Tablets can be purchased freely, injections are available by prescription.

When is it appointed?

What are the dangers of self-use?

Because of high risk side effects nicotinic acid should be used under the supervision of a physician. With self-therapy, there is a high probability of incorrect dosage selection, which can lead to liver dysfunction.

What you need to know when taking vitamins