Despite the many modern effective treatment methods dental diseases However, it is not possible to save a decaying tooth in every case.

Often the reason lies in the abuse of self-medication and untimely contact with a specialist.

As a result, the tooth has to be removed. This procedure, although perfected by dentists to the smallest detail, is not as harmless as it might seem.

Among the consequences of this operation, there may be both minor local complications and quite complex pathologies.

Inflammation of the socket as a result of its infection, called alveolitis, occurs in 30-40% of cases of tooth extraction. It occurs due to a disruption of a blood clot at the site of a missing molar. This may happen for one of the following reasons:

• non-compliance with the dentist’s recommendations during the postoperative period;
• complex surgical intervention as a result of the structural features of the dentition;
• decreased immunity;
• dentist's mistakes during the procedure.

The main signs of alveolitis are the absence of a blood clot in the socket, swelling and inflammation of the mucous membrane, increased body temperature and lymph nodes.

If symptoms of the disease persist for more than three days after surgery, it is necessary to examine a specialist and prescribe general and local drugs to relieve the inflammatory process.

Perforation of the bottom of the maxillary sinus

The main causes of rupture of the floor of the maxillary sinus are as follows:

• location of dental roots inside the maxillary sinus or close to its bottom;
• thinning bone tissue due to certain dental diseases.

Perforation of the maxillary sinus manifests itself in bleeding with the formation of air bubbles from the formed hole, discharge of blood from the nose, and acute pain.

Diagnosis and treatment of pathology must be carried out immediately. For minor changes, it is sufficient to apply a tampon to the damaged area to promote the formation of a blood clot.

If the damage is pronounced or was noticed untimely, plastic closure of the damaged area may be required, which is preceded by measures to eliminate inflammation.

Injuries

Often complications after tooth extraction are associated with mechanical trauma to the gum or periodontal tissue or damage to adjacent teeth.

The reason for the occurrence of such situations may be both the anatomical features of the structure of the dentition and the unqualified actions of the dentist.

Fracture

Breakage of a tooth in the crown or root part can occur due to the peculiarities of its location or structural pathologies as a result of certain dental diseases.

Symptoms of this complication include pain at the site of the extracted tooth, swelling and inflammation of the gum tissue.

To remove the broken section of the root, another surgical intervention may be required, which is carried out after preliminary examinations with x-rays.

Dislocation or fracture of adjacent units

Damage to the teeth adjacent to the molar that is to be removed can occur if the elements of the jaw row are too closely spaced.

In this case, poor access to the required molar often leads to chipping of tissue on adjacent teeth.

In addition, if an insufficiently stable tooth is used as a support during surgery, it may become dislocated or fractured.

To avoid these complications, the dentist must carefully consider the course of the operation and also carefully select instruments.

Fracture of the alveolar process

The main causes of damage to the alveolar ridge area:

• pathology of the structure of the dentition;
• deformation of bone tissue as a result of dental diseases;
• insufficiently careful movements of the dentist.

Most often, this complication occurs during complex removal of elements of the upper jaw. To eliminate it, alveoplasty is used using protective membranes and bone tissue.

Damage to the gums

As a result of extraction of a molar in a hard-to-reach area oral cavity the dentist may cause unintentional damage to soft tissue.

This is often accompanied by insufficient visibility of the operated area, as a result of which the circular ligament is not completely separated from the neck of the tooth, which provokes gingival rupture.

To avoid damage to the gums, dentists often use the method of peeling gums in the area of ​​​​adjacent teeth.

If a rupture occurs, excessively damaged areas of tissue are cut off and the edges are sewn together.

Damage to the oral mucosa

Trauma to the oral mucosa often accompanies complex tooth extraction, which is carried out in several stages using a large number of instruments.

Also, the cause may be insufficient quality of pain relief, as a result of which the patient makes minor movements caused by painful sensations.

As a result, dental instruments can slip, causing mucosal injuries of varying severity.

Pushing the root into soft tissue

This complication is most often observed during the extraction of lower molars. The reason, as a rule, is pathological change structure of the alveolar wall as a result of previous inflammation.

In addition, a complication can occur due to the dentist applying excessive force or unreliably securing the alveolar process.

If it is possible to palpate the displaced root, it is removed by dissecting the soft tissue.

If the root cannot be felt, additional diagnostic methods are required: x-ray, computed tomography.

Pushing the root into the maxillary sinus

This situation occurs when the dentist moves inaccurately during extraction. upper teeth, especially in the case where the root and sinus are separated only by the mucous membrane. Diagnosis of complications is carried out by interviewing the patient and X-ray results.

In order to avoid pushing the root into the maxillary sinus, dentists are required to conduct the most detailed preliminary examination of the structure of the patient’s oral cavity and the condition of all its elements and tissues.

Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint

This complication most often occurs in elderly patients. The cause of this phenomenon may be opening the mouth too wide, as well as too much pressure from the instrumentation on the jaw during the removal of lower molars.

The key symptom of a dislocation is the inability to fully connect the jaws. To diagnose complications, palpation is used to determine the displacement of the heads of the condylar process.

Treatment involves realignment of the dislocated joint by an appropriate specialist..

Dislocation of the lower jaw

The occurrence of dislocation lower jaw in most cases it is diagnosed in elderly patients. Clinical symptoms are inability to close the mouth and severe pain. The jaw can be shifted to one side or the other (unilateral dislocation) or pushed forward (bilateral).

To avoid complications, dentists fix the patient’s lower jaw with their hands during tooth extraction.

Fracture of the lower jaw

The complication is quite rare, mainly when excessive pressure is created during the removal of the last and penultimate molars.

As a rule, this is accompanied by the patient’s advanced age or the presence of osteoporosis and undiagnosed bone tissue pathologies.

To avoid fracture during tooth extraction, dentists rely on the results of radiographic examination and assessment of the “indirect load” symptom.

To treat a fracture of the lower jaw, reposition and fixation of bone fragments using dental splints or osteosynthesis techniques can be used.

Loss of consciousness

Brief loss of consciousness or fainting can occur both during tooth extraction surgery and after its completion.

The reason for this phenomenon is a decrease in the amount of oxygen entering the brain as a result of excessive psycho-emotional stress.

Often, loss of consciousness is not a serious pathology, since the patient comes to his senses after relaxation tight clothes, an influx of fresh air and bringing ammonia to the nose.

Dry socket

The absence of a blood clot in the socket, accompanied by severe pain and inflammation, is also a complication that occurs after tooth extraction.

Most often, the formation of a dry socket is caused by incorrect actions of the patient - frequent rinsing of the operated area of ​​the jaw, eating solid food and other violations of the rules of oral care.

If this pathology is detected, you must contact a specialist to select anti-inflammatory drugs or clean the hole if necessary.

Bleeding

Bleeding from a hole formed at the site of an extracted tooth can occur both during and after surgery.

There can be many reasons for this phenomenon:

• damage to blood vessels or alveolar ridge during surgery;
• concomitant diseases and infections;
• non-compliance with the dentist's recommendations postoperative period.

In addition to obvious bleeding, in some cases hidden hemorrhage into soft tissues may occur, which manifests itself in the formation of hematomas on the gums and cheeks.

In this case, you must immediately contact your dentist for professional help.

Neuritis of the inferior alveolar nerve

The occurrence of neuritis of the inferior alveolar nerve is often associated with the presence of chronic periodontitis in the patient.

The complication is accompanied by severe pain and unpleasant odor from the mouth, swelling of the treated gum area, numbness of the lips and chin.

It may take 1.5-2 months until the functionality of the inferior alveolar nerve is fully restored. Treatment in each situation is individual.

Paresthesia

During tooth extraction procedures, a complication called paresthesia may occur - damage to the nerves located in the treated area.

More often this situation occurs when the third molar is removed. The reason may be either the dentist’s fault or the complexity of the structure and location of the element of the row being removed.

Paresthesia is expressed in numbness of the tongue, lips and some areas of the cheeks and chin. In case of minor damage, restoration of sensitivity takes no more than two weeks.

In more difficult situations consultation with a neurologist and specialist is required maxillofacial surgery.

Temperature

A slight increase in body temperature after surgery, which is tooth extraction, is often observed for 2-3 days.

As a rule, the thermometer reaches 37-37.5 degrees during the day, and in the evening it can rise to 38 degrees.

A dangerous factor is an increase in temperature to 39 degrees or its persistence for more than three days. In this case, you need to contact a specialist to find out the cause.

Osteomyelitis

Inflammation of bone tissue occurs after tooth extraction quite rarely, however, it can lead to serious consequences.

Main symptoms of the pathology:

• severe pain at the site of the extracted tooth;
• gray plaque in the area of ​​the hole, when pressed, pus is released;
• increase in temperature;
• increased weakness;
• headache;
• swollen lymph nodes;
• sudden changes in blood pressure.

Osteomyelitis can develop against the background of reduced immunity or advanced alveolitis.

To treat the disease, both surgical and medicinal method, which are complemented symptomatic therapy. Osteomyelitis should be treated exclusively by a dentist.

Changing the position of neighboring units

As a result of the appearance of free space in the jaw row after tooth extraction, a gradual displacement of adjacent elements into the newly created space may be observed.

The result of this movement is often an increase in crowding of teeth and the development of bite defects.

To prevent this phenomenon, dentists recommend not delaying implantation or installation of a prosthesis.

Allergy

The use of anesthetic drugs during tooth extraction may cause an allergic reaction. For minor allergies skin and the mucous membrane may become covered with small rashes.

However, the body's reaction can be more serious, including swelling of the airways and anaphylactic shock that require immediate qualified medical care.

To avoid serious consequences, during a consultation with a dentist, it is necessary to indicate the drugs to which you are allergic.

Problem eights

Complications after removal of the last molars occur quite often, which is associated with difficult access to this area of ​​the dentition.

In addition to the above consequences, problems such as hematomas, the formation of a cyst or flux, and the development of stomatitis as a result of infection may arise.

At the same time, it is worth understanding that for 2-3 days in the area of ​​the extracted tooth it may remain It's a dull pain, and body temperature be slightly elevated.

If these sensations do not disappear a few days after the operation, you should seek help from a specialist.

Baby teeth

Tooth extraction may be required not only in adults, but also in childhood, if an element of the row has been severely affected by caries.

In this case, a specific complication may arise. The root of a baby tooth has the ability to dissolve on its own, and in some cases the dentist may mistake it for the germ of a permanent one.

When the germ of a permanent tooth is removed, there is no longer any possibility of its growth.

Prevention

The course of the postoperative period as a result of tooth extraction depends not only on the qualifications and experience of the dentist, but also on the actions of the patient himself. When preparing for surgery you should:

• stop drinking alcohol on the eve of surgery;
• warn the attending physician about the presence of allergic reactions to certain drugs and medications taken;
• report existing chronic diseases.

After the operation, it is also necessary to observe some important points:

• the tampon must be removed from the hole 15-20 minutes after the end of extraction;
• refuse to eat for 3-4 hours after the procedure;
• Avoid eating hard, hot and spicy foods for three days after surgery;
• refuse physical activity, visiting baths and saunas, solarium;
• refrain from rinsing the mouth to avoid washing out the blood clot;
• carry out procedures prescribed by the dentist.

If pain, swelling or inflammation occurs in the area of ​​the extracted tooth, you should immediately seek professional help.

You can learn about the causes of complications after tooth extraction and their symptoms from the video.

After tooth extraction - if the tooth and gums hurt after removal, rules of conduct for preventing complications, what to do after wisdom tooth removal, how many days does it take for the hole to heal?

Thank you

The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

Removal (extraction) of a tooth- it's invasive surgery. That is, the procedure for tooth extraction is an operation with all the signs characteristic of this manipulation, normal consequences, and also possible complications. Of course, tooth extraction is a small operation compared to, for example, removal of uterine fibroids, part of the stomach for peptic ulcers, etc., and therefore is considered a relatively simple intervention with minimal risks. In terms of volume, degree of complexity, likelihood of complications, as well as the behavior of tissues after the intervention, tooth extraction can be compared with minor enucleation operations benign tumors(lipomas, fibromas, etc.) or erosions on the surface of the mucous membranes.

Symptoms that normally occur after tooth extraction

During tooth extraction operations, the integrity of the mucous membrane is disrupted, blood vessels and nerves are torn, and the ligaments, muscles and other soft tissues in the immediate vicinity that hold the roots of the tooth in the socket are damaged. Accordingly, a local inflammatory process, necessary for their healing, which is characterized by the following symptoms:

• Bleeding (lasts for 30 – 180 minutes after tooth extraction);
• Pain in the area of ​​the extracted tooth, radiating to nearby tissues and organs (for example, ear, nose, neighboring teeth, etc.);
• Swelling in the area of ​​the extracted tooth or surrounding tissues (for example, cheeks, gums, etc.);
• Redness of the mucous membranes in the area of ​​the extracted tooth;
• Moderate increase in body temperature or sensation of heat in the area of ​​the extracted tooth;
• Violation of the normal functioning of the jaw (inability to chew on the side of the extracted tooth, pain when opening the mouth wide, etc.).

Thus, pain, swelling and redness of the mucous membrane in the area of ​​the extracted tooth, as well as an increase in body temperature and the inability to perform normal, habitual jaw actions are normal consequences of the operation. These symptoms normally gradually decrease and completely disappear within approximately 4 to 7 days, as the tissues heal and, accordingly, local inflammation resolves itself. However, if infectious and inflammatory complications occur, then indicated symptoms can intensify and last much longer, since they will be provoked not by local inflammation caused by tissue damage, but by infection. In such situations, it is necessary to carry out antibiotic therapy and ensure the drainage of pus from the wound in order to eliminate the infection and create conditions for normal tissue healing.

In addition, after tooth extraction, a fairly deep hole remains in which the roots were previously located. Within 30 to 180 minutes, blood may ooze from the socket, which is a normal tissue reaction to damage. After two hours, the blood should stop, and a clot should form in the hole, which covers most of its surface, creating sterile conditions for speedy healing and restoration of normal tissue structure. If blood flows for more than two hours after tooth extraction, then you should consult a dentist, who will either stitch the wound or perform other manipulations necessary to stop the bleeding.

On the gum along the edges of the hole there is a damaged mucous membrane, since in order to remove a tooth it must be peeled off, thus exposing its neck and root. Inside the socket are damaged ligaments and muscles that previously held the tooth securely in its place, that is, in the hole in the jawbone. In addition, at the bottom of the hole there are fragments of nerves and blood vessels that previously entered through the root of the tooth into its pulp, providing nutrition, supplying oxygen and providing sensitivity. After the tooth was removed, these nerves and vessels were torn.

That is, after a tooth is removed, various damaged tissue, which should heal over time. Until these tissues heal, a person will experience pain, swelling, swelling and redness in the area of ​​the tooth socket and the surrounding gum, which is normal.

As a rule, after the removal of a tooth (even a complex one), shallow traumatic injuries soft tissues that heal completely within a relatively short period of time - 7 - 10 days. However, filling the hole with bone tissue, which replaces the tooth root and gives the jawbone density, takes much longer - from 4 to 8 months. But this should not be feared, since pain, swelling, redness and other symptoms of inflammation disappear after the soft tissues have healed, and filling the hole bone elements occurs over several months unnoticed by a person, since it is not accompanied by any clinical symptoms. That is, the symptoms of inflammation (pain, swelling, redness, temperature) after tooth extraction persist only until the mucous membrane, muscles and ligaments heal, and the torn blood vessels collapse. After this, the process of formation of bone tissue in the socket instead of the root of the extracted tooth is asymptomatic and, accordingly, unnoticed by a person.

Rules of conduct after tooth extraction

Despite the relatively small amount of damage, tooth extraction is surgery, and therefore, after its production, it is necessary to follow certain rules, the effects of which are aimed at minimizing the risk of infectious and inflammatory complications and maximizing the acceleration of the healing process and restoration of normal tissue structure. In fact, various activities after tooth extraction must be performed for a limited period of time during which the soft tissues heal, that is, within 7 to 14 days. After the integrity of the soft tissues is restored, you can lead a normal lifestyle, since the overgrowth of the hole with bone tissue occurs independently, asymptomatically and does not require the person to follow any rules.

Rules of behavior after tooth extraction help to minimize these unpleasant sensations, accelerate tissue healing and prevent complications.

So, after tooth extraction, you should definitely adhere to the following rules:

• If after tooth extraction the dentist gives you a special tampon soaked in medication to bite on, then it should be left in the mouth for at least 20 to 30 minutes. Only after half an hour can the tampon be removed;
• Do not rinse, spit out or otherwise remove a blood clot that has formed in the socket within 24 hours after tooth extraction;
• Do not touch the socket and surrounding tissues with your tongue, hands, toothpicks or any other objects (even sterile ones);
• For 24 hours after tooth extraction, you should not suck in any liquids that create a vacuum effect in the oral cavity (for example, drinking through a straw, pulling water from a spoon with your lips, etc.), as this may lead to the removal of the clot from the socket and , as a result, to increased pain, swelling and redness, as well as to the appearance of bleeding;
• Do not engage in sports or physical labor for two days after tooth extraction. This does not mean that you can’t do anything; on the contrary, any light housework (washing dishes, vacuuming, dusting, etc.) is completely acceptable and even useful, since it distracts you from unpleasant feelings and painful thoughts. And you need to avoid physical activities that require strong muscle tension (for example, active training, hard work, etc.);
• For 24 hours after tooth extraction, do not go to the bathhouse, sauna, take a hot shower or overheat in the sun;
• Do not heat the area from which the tooth was removed, as this can provoke an increase in the amount of inflammation, and therefore increased pain, increased swelling and redness, as well as an increase in body temperature;
• For 2–3 hours after tooth extraction, avoid eating food, since pieces of food can further injure the wound and prolong the healing period of soft tissues;
• For several days after tooth extraction, until the pain goes away, you should eat and drink only warm foods, since cold and hot foods can cause increased pain, swelling and other symptoms of tissue damage;
• For several days after tooth extraction, you should avoid hot and spicy seasonings, as well as foods with sour and strong tastes, as they can provoke re-bleeding;
• For several (3 – 7) days, do not chew on the side of the jaw from which the tooth was removed;
• If pieces of food get into the hole while eating, you should not remove them with your fingers, toothpicks or any other objects, as this may lead to accidental removal of the clot, which is unacceptable. It is better to rinse these pieces of food with water after eating;
• Within 3–7 days after tooth extraction, you should stop smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages, since tobacco smoke and ethyl alcohol irritate and dry out the mucous membranes, causing increased pain syndrome and increasing the risk of developing infectious and inflammatory complications;
• Within 24 hours after tooth extraction, you should not rinse your mouth so as not to remove the clot from the socket. In the following days, it is necessary to regularly rinse your mouth carefully with various antiseptic solutions or water and salt;
• You should not use a toothbrush for 8 hours after tooth extraction. In the following days, you need to brush your teeth twice a day - in the morning and in the evening, but at the same time be careful in moving the brush in the area of ​​the extracted tooth;
• If pain that occurs after tooth extraction is poorly tolerated, you should take painkillers from the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), for example, Paracetamol, Ketorol, Ketanov, Ibuprofen, Nimesulide, etc.;
• To reduce sensitivity, it is recommended to take antihistamines (for example, Erius, Telfast, Zyrtec, Cetirizine, Parlazin, Suprastin, Telfast, etc.) in standard dosages for 7–10 days after tooth extraction;
• During the week after tooth extraction, you should avoid drafts and contact with people suffering from influenza, ARVI, sore throat and others. similar diseases and also not to overcool;
• If the tooth was removed against the background of existing infectious and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity (for example, periodontitis, gingivitis, gumboil, etc.), then antibiotics should be taken after the operation wide range action within 7 – 10 days.

Applying cold to the cheek in the area of ​​an extracted tooth is routine, that is, in all cases it should not be, since, on the one hand, it reduces swelling, pain and inflammation, but on the other hand, it reduces the activity of local immunity, which, in turn, significantly increases the risk of developing infectious and inflammatory complications. However, if the bleeding after tooth extraction does not stop within 30 minutes, then cold can be applied to the cheek for 15 to 40 minutes. In other cases, it is not recommended to use cold to reduce swelling, redness and pain.

Is it possible to smoke after tooth extraction?

You should not smoke for at least 24 hours after tooth extraction for two reasons. Firstly, drawing smoke into the lungs causes a vacuum effect in the oral cavity, as a result of which the clot can escape from the hole, which will provoke re-bleeding, prolong the wound healing period and increase the risk of developing infectious and inflammatory complications. Secondly, tobacco smoke dries and irritates the oral mucosa, which also significantly increases the risk of complications.

A day after tooth extraction, you can start smoking, but this should be done with caution and in a minimal amount. In general, it is recommended to quit smoking for 7–10 days after tooth extraction.

Rules of conduct after wisdom tooth removal

The general rules of behavior after the removal of a wisdom tooth do not differ from those after the removal of any other tooth. Therefore, after removing a wisdom tooth, you must adhere to the general rules outlined in the section above.

Healing after tooth extraction (how long does it take for a tooth to heal after extraction)

Stages of healing

The duration of tissue healing after tooth extraction is individual for each person and can vary quite widely, since it depends on the complexity of the manipulation performed, the volume of injured tissue, the presence of infectious and inflammatory complications before, during or after the operation, as well as on the speed of reparative processes. However, there are general approximate time frames for wound healing after tooth extraction that you can rely on.

So, the wound in the form of a hole left after tooth extraction heals completely within 2 - 3 weeks. During this time the hole fills granulation tissue, and its surface is completely covered with epithelium. That is, the surface of the hole becomes the same as the gum surrounding it. From this moment on, you can safely chew on the side of the jaw from which the tooth was removed, eat your favorite foods without restrictions and, in principle, lead a normal lifestyle. The healing of the hole occurs the faster, the smaller the amount of tissue that was damaged during tooth extraction. That is, a hole from a single-rooted tooth heals faster (in about 16–18 days) than from a multi-rooted tooth (about 19–23 days). In addition, it should be remembered that in the presence of infectious and inflammatory processes that occurred before, during or after tooth extraction, the hole will take 1 to 2 weeks longer to heal.

If the wound turns out to be too large (for example, when removing teeth with incorrectly located roots, etc.), then to tighten the edges of the wound and, accordingly, to ensure optimal and fast healing, stitches are applied. Self-absorbing or regular threads can be used for sutures. If regular threads were used, the dentist removes them 5–7 days after tooth extraction, and the self-absorbable suture material is left in the tissues. There is no need to be afraid of sutures, since their presence does not indicate complications and does not prolong the healing process of the hole.

However, the healing of the hole is the end of only the stage of soft tissue healing, since the repair process after tooth extraction, which consists of the formation of bone at the site of the root of the extracted tooth, will continue for approximately 4 to 8 months. But all subsequent stages of healing will take place unnoticed by the person himself, but you still need to know and remember about them.

Approximately 2 weeks after tooth extraction, second stage reparation, which consists in the formation of bone tissue elements on the bottom and side walls of the socket, which slowly grow, filling its entire volume. After about 6–7 weeks, the entire socket is filled with young bone tissue. This completes the second stage of reparation.

Next begins third stage reparation, which consists of compacting young bone tissue and forming mature bone from it, which will have sufficient strength to replace the tooth root in the jaw structure. The formation of mature bone in the socket of an extracted tooth occurs after 3–4 months.

After the formation of mature bone, the last one begins, fourth stage reparation, which consists in the complete fusion of newly formed bone tissue with the previously existing one (jaw bone). The fusion of the bone tissue of the socket with the jaw bone occurs approximately 4–6 months after tooth extraction in the absence of complications and by 6–10 months in case of a complicated course of the postoperative period. After completing this stage x-rays it is impossible to distinguish the former socket from the surrounding bone. And it is after the complete fusion of the bone tissue of the socket and jaw that the repair process started by the body after tooth extraction is completed.

Socket (clot) after tooth extraction

On the first day after a tooth is removed, a blood clot forms in the socket, which closes it to approximately 2/3 of its depth. The clot looks like a dark red or even burgundy formation visible in the hole. This clot cannot be removed, since it is necessary to stop bleeding, the wound healing process and the prevention of infectious and inflammatory complications.

By 3 – 4 days after removal, thin white films appear on the surface of the hole, which represent young epithelium, and therefore should not be afraid of them. These films should not be torn off or removed, as they are a sign of a normal healing process. However, if the films are not white, but grayish, yellow, green or any other shade, then this may indicate the development of infectious and inflammatory complications, and therefore, if they appear, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. A few days after the appearance of white films, the entire hole becomes white, which is also normal.

On 7 – 8 days after tooth extraction, a thin layer of transparent epithelium appears on the surface of the socket, through which white granulation tissue is visible.

By 14 – 23 days the hole is completely covered with epithelium (mucous membrane), and young bone tissue begins to form in its depths.

By 30 days After tooth extraction, the entire hole under the epithelium layer is filled with young, newly formed bone tissue.

After 4 – 6 months the socket is completely filled with bone tissue, which merges with the surrounding jaw bone. The outside of the hole, overgrown with bone, is covered with epithelium, but the thickness of the gum in the area of ​​the extracted tooth is reduced. In addition, the height of the edge of the overgrown hole is approximately 1/3 lower than that of the surrounding teeth.

Normal and pathological symptoms that occur after tooth extraction

Let's consider various symptoms, which can occur after tooth extraction and we will briefly describe when they are normal and when they indicate pathology.

White hole after tooth extraction

Normally, by the 3rd day after tooth extraction, the hole is covered with a thin white film, which indicates the beginning of healing. By 4–5 days the entire socket becomes white, which is also normal. Therefore, if the color of the hole is white, and not some other shade, and there is no unpleasant odor coming from the oral cavity, then this only indicates the normal course of the healing process.

However, if films of grayish, yellowish, reddish or any other shade except white appear on the hole, or if there is bad smell, then this indicates the beginning of the development of an infectious-inflammatory complication. In this case, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Tooth or gum pain after extraction

Since tooth extraction is an operation, during its implementation the integrity of the gum tissue, muscles and ligaments that held the tooth in the socket is disrupted, and blood vessels and nerves are also torn. Naturally, such damage is accompanied by an inflammatory response, which is manifested by pain, swelling and redness. Accordingly, pain in the gum or in the hole in the area of ​​the extracted tooth is a normal reaction of the body to tissue damage.

Typically, pain after tooth extraction is felt for 5 to 7 days in the area of ​​the hole or next to it, after which it disappears completely. When the eighth, seventh or sixth teeth are removed, the pain may spread to the ear, since the injured tissues are located close to the structures of the auditory analyzer. Sometimes the pain spreads to the joint area, making it difficult for a person to open his mouth and chew. All of these pain options are normal, provided that the pain does not intensify over time. Doctors recommend taking painkillers for a week after tooth extraction so as not to endure excruciating and unpleasant pain.

However, if the pain begins to intensify rather than subside, or a fever appears, or general health worsens, then this indicates an infection and requires urgent medical attention. In other cases, pain is a normal reaction and does not require any special treatment with the exception of taking painkillers.

Nerve damage After tooth extraction, it is fixed relatively often, but this complication is not severe. As a rule, the nerve is damaged when the roots of a tooth are branched or incorrectly located, which, during the process of removal from the gum tissue, capture and tear a branch of the nerve. When the nerve is damaged, a person experiences numbness in the cheeks, lips, tongue, or palate that lasts for several days. As a rule, after 3 to 4 days, the numbness goes away as the damaged nerve heals and the complication heals itself. However, if numbness persists a week after tooth extraction, you should consult a doctor who will prescribe physiotherapeutic procedures necessary to accelerate the healing of the damaged nerve. It should be remembered that sooner or later the nerve damaged during tooth extraction heals and the numbness disappears.

Photo after tooth extraction

This photograph shows the hole immediately after tooth extraction.

This photograph shows a hole after tooth extraction in the stage of normal healing.

Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Despite high level modern dentistry, sometimes it becomes necessary to remove one or even several teeth.

In essence, this procedure is a real surgical operation. During or after it, certain unpleasant problems may arise. consequences and complications.

The occurrence of complications is influenced by quite a few reasons. For example, the actions of the patient himself, incorrect manipulations by the doctor, diagnostic deficiencies or factors independent of this.

It is useful for patients to know about the types of possible consequences of exodontia (tooth extraction) and methods to counteract them.

Root remains inside the gum

Incomplete tooth extraction is the most common problem with such dental surgery.

In severe cases, surgery has status "difficult". This formulation means that a root or a fragment of it remains inside the gum after tooth extraction.

Symptoms of this type of complication:

• pain in the area of ​​the operation;
• edema;
• development of inflammation.

In some cases, when the patient does not consult the doctor again even in the presence of these manifestations, alveolitis may develop. There are two main reasons for incomplete removal:

The first is rarer: when the doctor was not sufficiently prepared for the operation and simply did not notice the fragment that was formed in the process.

The second reason is the surgeon's conscious decision to leave the fragment. It is dictated by the location foreign body, when removed, an infection may occur or a nerve may be damaged.

To remove the fragment it is necessary to perform a second operation. Before the procedure, the patient must undergo an X-ray examination, and the doctor carefully studies the images and plans his actions.

There is another option that takes more long time, is used when repeated surgery is problematic.

With complete healing using sea buckthorn oil lotions, the fragment will be “pushed out” by the soft tissues on its own.

Bleeding

It also occurs quite often. And this can occur either immediately after surgery or an hour, several hours or even a day after it.

Bleeding from a tooth socket after surgery

The reasons for this may include some concomitant diseases (hypertension, leukemia, jaundice), as well as the actions of the dentist or the patient himself.

During the operation, the doctor may make some mistakes, for example, damage blood vessels, part of the alveoli or interradicular septum.

Also, bleeding from the hole occurs when it mechanical damage, in which the patient is guilty of not following the surgeon’s recommendations for rehabilitation.

To stop the bleeding, apply cold (ice) to the affected gum or cheek.

To avoid a general deterioration in health, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible.

Dry socket

Clear signs of a dry socket are:

• the absence of a visible blood clot in it, instead of which bone visible;
• severe pain;
• inflammation.

The cause of this phenomenon may be the actions of the patient himself:

• Unnecessarily frequent rinsing after surgery;
• drinking “with effort”, for example, through a straw;
• periodic spitting.

For treatment, you must consult a dentist, who will recommend anti-inflammatory drugs, and in difficult cases, he will additionally clean the hole, cover it with a special gel, or prescribe antibiotics.

Temperature

Increase in body temperature during the first two or three days after removal is normal and expected.

The fact is that this is how the body reacts to traumatic intervention. At the same time, more high values(up to 38–38.5 degrees C) may occur in the late afternoon.

If after two or three days the temperature continues to rise or exceeds 39 degrees C, you need to contact your dentist.

Alveolitis

The main indicator of alveolitis is pain that occurs after a few days which can be very distressing to the patient.

Changes in the gums that occur with postoperative alveolitis

In addition, the following symptoms are present:

• swelling of the mucous membrane at the site of removal and local inflammation;
• there is no normal blood clot in the socket itself;
• increase in temperature;
• difficulty swallowing.

This problem occurs if healing processes are disrupted, which can be caused by non-compliance with the dentist’s recommendations after tooth extraction.

The reason may also be an operation process that turned out to be too complicated due to specific tooth position or other factors.

As a result, pathogenic microorganisms from the oral cavity penetrate into open wound , starting the process of development of alveolitis.

Another option - patient's body weakened by infection, which cannot resist microbes.

If the pain and symptoms only get worse after 3 days, you should definitely visit the dentist. Most often, they are prescribed physical therapy along with general anti-inflammatory drugs and ointments. local action.

Osteomyelitis

A more complex disease that sometimes develops after tooth extraction is inflammation of the tissues of the jaw bones. In addition to pain at the site of inflammation, the following symptoms are observed:

• headache;
• general weakness;
• increase in temperature;
• worsening sleep;
• blood pressure surges;
• enlarged lymph nodes.

If treatment for alveolitis is not started immediately, this can cause inflammation and infection to spread into the deep layers, which is likely to lead to osteomyelitis.

Treatment can be either surgical, when incisions are made in the periosteum, or classical medication. This should only be done by a professional.

During the rehabilitation period, the patient may be prescribed not only symptomatic treatment, but also local physiotherapy and antibacterial, antiviral, detoxification therapy.

Local manifestations of jaw inflammation after tooth extraction

Paresthesia

During the operation nerve endings may be affected, and not always through the fault of the doctor - an option with a complex location, structure and the very removal of the diseased tooth is possible.

This can cause neurological complications, one of which is paresthesia - numbness of the tongue. In addition, a feeling of numbness, “pins and needles” sometimes appears in the area of ​​the lips, cheeks and chin.

Your doctor may prescribe injections of medications such as Galantamine and Dibazol, as well as taking vitamins C and B.

Trauma to the alveolar ridge

There are times when it happens removal of part of the alveolar ridge, serving directly to hold the tooth.

What does the alveolar ridge look like?

In case of complex tooth position and insufficient visibility, The surgeon can apply forceps, in addition to the tooth itself, to part of the bone. This causes a strong cosmetic and aesthetic defect, perceived as deformation.

This is especially noticeable when working with the front teeth. Also, the patient himself cannot close his jaws normally and experiences pain.

Treatment involves only bone grafting (alveoplasty) using, most often, artificial bone tissue. To prevent it from moving, special protective membranes are used, which are applied at the last stage of the operation before suturing.

The cost of such an operation can be from 30 thousand rubles, and the use of a membrane, depending on the type and manufacturer, is about 3–9 thousand.

Chipping of adjacent hard tissues

During surgery the surgeon may touch the teeth that are located next to the one to be removed.
The reason for this is that the teeth are too close together or the surgical site is inaccessible, when the doctor has practically no normal access to it.

To prevent this from happening, the doctor must carefully study the preliminary images and think through the operation plan.

In addition, it is very important right choice instruments that the surgeon will use during the removal process.

Damage to the oral mucosa

Most often similar complications occur when the tooth is in an awkward position and requires removal or with prolonged and complex operation. In this case it is used large number different instruments.

During the operation when the patient makes awkward movements caused by fear or rejection of what is happening, instruments can slip, causing varying degrees of injury to the surrounding soft tissue.

Tools can damage your gums or cheek

This can also happen if the doctor has not carried out sufficient preparatory actions - separation of the gums, etc.

Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint

This type of injury occurs in most cases when removing molars when the patient needs to open his mouth very strongly and make efforts to do so.

Otherwise, the surgeon simply will not have access to the desired area of ​​the jaw.

If the lower jaw is dislocated, the patient will experience quite severe pain., which makes it possible to almost immediately determine the presence of a problem.

It must be said that for some people who are weakened ligamentous apparatus in force various diseases, the risk of dislocation is increased.

Treatment consists of having a specialist realign the joint using one of the appropriate methods.

In this case, conductor or infiltration anesthesia, since the process is quite painful.

Perforation of the floor of the maxillary sinus

Happens only when upper teeth are removed, and this problem is associated in most cases with anatomical features patients.

The maxillary or maxillary sinus is located directly above the alveolar process in the upper jaw.

Location of the maxillary maxillary sinus

In some cases, the dividing edge in the form of an alveolar process practically disappears.

The roots of some teeth may reach the sinus cavity quite a bit and even go directly into it.

To avoid perforation, the doctor will need to perform thorough and detailed preliminary examinations, including x-rays or pantomograms.

If there is purulent inflammation in the sinus, this is a contraindication for tooth extraction, as it can lead to long-term and very serious problems.

Treatment must be carried out immediately during the same visit to the doctor. If the case is pronounced, then the doctor will close and suture the communication in a certain way using a mucoperiosteal flap.

Sometimes it is enough to apply a thick tampon, which in a few days helps the blood clot to appear in the hole, for self-closing holes.

Features of manipulations in the presence of a cyst

A cyst forms at the top of the tooth root. It is a formation containing pus inside.

The complexity and peculiarity of operations to remove such teeth is that the doctor will need to completely clean the hole and the additional void formed in it. The pus and infection must be eliminated very carefully.

Photo of tooth extraction with cyst

Otherwise there may be recurrence of cyst, as well as some complications that were discussed earlier - alveolitis and osteomyelitis.

Difficulties in extracting baby teeth

With such an operation, the root of the baby tooth may already be so reabsorbed that rudiment permanent doctor takes it for him.
This happens very rarely, however, If the germ of a molar tooth is removed from the socket, it will no longer be able to grow.

How to avoid problems after surgery

Very often, the patient’s actions become the cause of complications. The main recommendation before tooth extraction surgery is its timely implementation.

If delayed, this can provoke very serious consequences, which, in addition to the operation itself, will require long and complex treatment.

What criteria do you use to choose a reliable doctor?

• his qualification, confirmed by certificates, diplomas and other documents;
• experience work;
• demand– how busy the schedule is;
• honest and complete answers to questions when communicating with the patient, including warning about risks;
• also don't forget about personal recommendations friends, colleagues, relatives and other patients.

Before surgery

• before surgery you can't drink alcohol;
• the doctor must know about all medications taken the day before;
• in a few hours before the appointed time satisfy your hunger;
• it is impossible to delete in the state severe stress, exacerbation of chronic diseases, presence viral infections(for example, herpes) and acute infectious ENT diseases;
• extremely it is undesirable to carry out such manipulations during the first 3 months after a heart attack;
• high blood pressure on the day of surgery also serves as a reason to postpone it.

After surgery

• Necessarily remove the tampon from the hole after 15–25 minutes after the end of the procedure;
• avoid hard foods and hot foods on the same day and several subsequent ones;
• do not eat for 3–5 hours after leaving the surgeon;
• do not rinse frequently, especially hot or very cold liquid;
• do not touch the formed hole finger, toothpick, brush;
• visit the bathhouse or accept similar "warming" procedures, including visiting the beach on a hot day;
• do not engage in sports in the next few days and avoid any physical activity.

We invite you to watch a video in which a specialist talks about what complications there are and what needs to be done.

If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.

Tooth extraction is a major dental operation. The recovery period after such a procedure can take some time and last from three days to seven days. There are indications and contraindications for what measures the patient needs to take to ensure that the rehabilitation process goes as quickly and successfully as possible. If you strictly follow the dentist's recommendations and general rules postoperative period, you can significantly speed up the moment of recovery and avoid unpleasant or even dangerous complications.

Rules of conduct during recovery after a doctor has pulled out a tooth may differ depending on the severity of the operation, its type, the general health of the patient, his habits and age. However, there are general recommendations that are relevant for any postoperative situation.

What to do after tooth extraction

After the dentist has completed all removal procedures, the patient must take the following measures:

1. The tampon that the doctor placed on the hole must be removed no later than half an hour later. If the patient has poor blood clotting, you can keep the compression pad on for 60 minutes;
2. To reduce the likelihood of swelling of the soft tissues of the mouth or face, it is advisable to apply something cold to the cheek. This treatment measure will be effective only in the first hours after surgery. A piece of ice or frozen meat wrapped in cloth should be applied to the cheek several times for 5 minutes;
3. On the first day, to avoid inflammation, you can do antiseptic baths;
4. It is necessary to gently, carefully, but carefully carry out all hygiene procedures in the oral cavity, not excluding the area where the tooth was pulled out.

Compliance with these rules after removal will promote rapid healing of the hole and prevent infection.

What to do after wisdom tooth removal

The third molar is usually pulled out due to inflammation that appears around it. At the same time, pus and infectious agents are likely to get into the wound. Therefore, in the postoperative period, the patient must follow general recommendations, as well as be as attentive as possible to his feelings, and note the slightest changes in his condition.

As soon as the hole stops bleeding, you should immediately remove the compression tampon. Its presence in the wound provokes the proliferation of bacteria and increases the likelihood of the onset of an inflammatory process.

The patient should be prepared for the fact that his gums will hurt for 3-5 days after the procedure. You need to purchase recommended anesthetics and take them on schedule. If the pain syndrome has become stronger, swelling of the face and gums increases over several days, elevated temperature does not subside, and an unpleasant odor begins to come from the hole - you need to call the dentist.

What not to do

In order to avoid any complications after surgery to remove any tooth, you must follow the following rules:

1. Do not eat or drink anything for 3 hours after surgery;
2. It is not recommended to eat hot, spicy, hard and fine-grained foods, or drink hot drinks. The load when chewing food must be transferred to healthy side jaws;
3. Limit for 3 days physical activity and procedures that raise blood pressure or increase blood flow. Do not take hot baths. Bathhouse, sauna, solarium, visiting the beach are prohibited;
4. Do not touch the hole with your tongue, finger, toothbrush, or toothpick;
5. Do not rinse your mouth;
6. Do not ignore the advice, recommendations and prescriptions of the dentist. Do not violate your medication schedule.

If the patient has any doubts about his condition or questions for the doctor, he should not put off calling the clinic “for later.”

What to do

After the removal procedure, you need to limit your activity for a while, adhere to a healthy lifestyle and diet.

It is better to take the so-called “sick leave” - spend time at home in a calm environment, closely monitoring your condition.

Smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages are prohibited; it is better to abstain from them.

The menu for the recovery period should consist of nutritious food that does not require thorough chewing. It is better to reduce the number of meals by increasing the calorie content of dishes.

It is imperative to carry out hygienic procedures, since ignoring them can trigger an inflammatory process in the socket of an extracted tooth.

Mouth rinsing is prohibited; it is better to replace it with medicinal baths.

It is necessary to ensure that the postoperative sutures do not come apart; to do this, you should not open your mouth wide or strain your facial muscles.

What to do after tooth root removal

Root removal is often accompanied by circumstances that complicate the dentist’s work and can negatively affect the duration and course of the recovery period.

In order for rehabilitation to progress at a normal pace and tooth reconstruction to begin, the patient must follow the rules of the recovery period.

First of all, it is necessary to avoid the occurrence of inflammation in the area of ​​the torn root. For this you will need:

1. Observe the rules of personal hygiene;
2. Do not overheat the head area;
3. Do not rinse or touch the affected area with your tongue;
4. Do medicinal baths, take painkillers, start taking antibiotics if the doctor gives such a recommendation.

You should try to protect the area of ​​the torn root as much as possible, since any infectious process at the site of removal can lead to serious complications.

Baths after tooth extraction

Since rinsing after the removal procedure is prohibited, it is necessary to make baths.

Doctors usually recommend doing baths using soda and salt, medications or decoctions of various medicinal herbs. For these purposes, drugs such as Miramistin and an aqueous solution of Chlorhexidine are suitable.

The procedure is easy to carry out. You just need to put a small amount of bath liquid in your mouth, tilt your head so that the liquid moves to the area of ​​the pulled out tooth, and freeze in this position for 30-60 seconds. No active steps need to be taken medicinal solution should just gently wash the damaged gum tissue. After this, the liquid must be spat out.

Antiseptic or therapeutic baths are recommended to be done every 3 hours during the day, preferably after eating and cleansing the mouth.

After the patient has taken a bath, it is advisable not to eat any food or even drink for 1 hour.

What to do after a child’s tooth extraction

After removing a child’s baby or molar teeth, parents should closely monitor the baby’s condition and well-being.

It is necessary to ensure that the child follows the following rules:

1. Do not rinse your mouth or spit, as this may cause the blood clot to be removed from the socket;
2. Didn't do anything active physical exercise and did not overheat;
3. Brush your teeth efficiently and responsibly, avoiding the injured area with a brush;
4. Take the necessary medications in full and according to the schedule established by the doctor;
5. Carefully and promptly made baths with antiseptic or medicinal products;
6. He did not put any foreign objects in his mouth and did not touch the socket with his fingers or tongue.

The child’s body temperature, swelling of soft tissues and the child’s breath must be monitored. In case of complications, consult a doctor immediately.

What to do after removing a tooth with a cyst

After the doctor removes a tooth with a cyst, you need to follow general recommendations recovery period, but pay special attention to reducing the likelihood of wound infection.

In the initial period after the procedure, it is necessary to cool the sore side of the jaw by applying 3-4 cold compresses. Next, you need to ensure that the operated part of the face does not overheat. It is forbidden to make warming compresses, take hot baths, or sunbathe. For pain relief, you can take medications prescribed by your doctor.

It is necessary to avoid injuring the healing hole - the food is soft or liquid, not hot; brush your teeth as carefully as possible; Do not rinse your mouth. It is necessary to limit physical activity and monitor local and general temperature. If the pain high temperature body and swelling lasts more than 2 days - consult a doctor. If the discharge of pus begins or from the hole is coming unpleasant odor - consult a doctor immediately.

Temperature rises after tooth extraction

A slight increase in general body temperature or local temperature in the area of ​​the operation is considered normal occurrence. This is the body's natural reaction to dental surgery.

If the temperature stays within 37-38° C, there is no need to bring it down. If it rises above 38° C, you need to take antipyretic drugs. Avoid using aspirin as it may cause bleeding from the socket.

An increase in temperature over a long period (2 or more days in a row), accompanied by signs of inflammation - severe pain, swelling, swelling of soft tissues, an unpleasant odor from the wound, are direct indications for urgent medical attention.

Conclusion

Compliance with the basic rules of the rehabilitation period after dental surgery is the key to a quick recovery and minimizing the possibility of complications. The faster the hole heals and heals after removal, the faster you can begin reconstruction and restoration of the dentition.

What do you do after tooth extraction? In most cases, while still in the corridor of the clinic, the patient begins to examine the postoperative (and tooth extraction is a real operation) wound, and quite often its appearance instills a feeling of fear in the person. But the main questions arise after the anesthesia wears off, when the pain returns: is this normal, could the pain indicate the development of a complication, is the gum in a normal state after tooth extraction and how long can the bleeding last and is this normal? This article will provide materials that will help clarify the situation and answer frequently asked questions.

Preparing for the tooth extraction process

If the patient is interested in the process of tooth extraction even before the manipulation itself, then below is briefly presented information that will help avoid most complications after the procedure:

You should not postpone this procedure until pain occurs. Pain syndrome indicates that an inflammatory process is developing in the tissues and if such a pathological process reaches the gum, it swells, loosens and its blood supply increases. Removing a tooth from such a gum will lead to prolonged bleeding, which will differ in intensity from the norm. In addition, if the cause of pain is the formation of a cyst (a hollow formation with dense walls, the cavity of which is filled with pus) on the crown of the tooth, then during dental procedures the risk of infection of the jaw bone, gums or tooth socket increases.

If a woman is to undergo a tooth extraction procedure, it should not be planned during menstruation: at this time, bleeding will last longer, since the body’s strength in relation to blood clotting weakens.

It is better to schedule a visit to a dental surgeon for the first half of the day. In such cases, when removing wisdom teeth or other complex manipulations, you can resolve the issues that arise during the day, rather than looking for 24-hour dentistry.

Local anesthesia. If the patient of the dental surgeon is an adult and the manipulation does not involve general anesthesia, it is advisable to eat before performing the procedure. Thus, prevention of a decrease in blood glucose levels during the period surgical manipulation, also in a well-fed person, the blood clotting process occurs faster.

When planning general anesthesia, you need to see a dentist before the procedure itself; the doctor will conduct a general examination and schedule a consultation with an anesthesiologist. Such anesthesia, on the contrary, excludes the consumption of food and even drinking. The last meal should be taken 4-6 hours before surgery, since the administration of drugs can provoke vomiting, and the vomit, in turn, threatens to enter the respiratory tract.

You should tell your doctor if you have an allergy to medicines and accepted in at the moment medications. If you are planning to remove a tooth in a person with cardiac pathologies that require constant use of blood-thinning medications, you should inform the dental surgeon about this, and also consult with your cardiologist regarding short-term withdrawal of these pharmaceuticals. In such cases, if you stop taking Cardiomagnyl, Warfarin and do not inject Fraxiparine and Clexane the day before dental surgery and avoid taking them for another 48 hours, you can avoid the development of bleeding in the postoperative period. If the patient did not have time to complete this action, it is necessary to inform the surgeon about the presence similar treatment. It is also necessary to tell your doctor all the specifics of your existing allergies.

Brief information about the extraction procedure

As mentioned above, tooth extraction is full operation. It involves the same steps as for other surgical interventions:

treatment of the surgical field;

anesthesia.

Before the intervention, a local anesthesia is used, namely, a local anesthetic is injected into the area where the nerve exits that innervates the required tooth. Modern drugs with this effect are contained in special ampoules - carpules. In addition to the anesthetic itself, such carpules also contain a vasoconstrictor substance. This is necessary in order to reduce the amount of blood lost during the manipulation process.

In some cases, the dentist uses local anesthetics that do not contain such vasoconstrictors. They are added independently, and the doctor may further increase the dose of such drugs. It is also worth noting that when the drug is introduced into the area of ​​inflammation with acidic pH reactions, part of the anesthetic is inactivated, as a result of which additional anesthesia may be required. Both points are very important in the postoperative period.

Direct removal.

After the gums become numb and anemized (narrowing of blood vessels), the dental surgeon proceeds to the process of direct tooth extraction. This requires loosening the ligament that holds the tooth and in some cases this must be done using a scalpel. The tools and time of manipulation are determined by the doctor and can be different, it all depends on the severity of the situation.

The operation is completed by treating the resulting wound.

If the gum edges are far apart, or in cases of traumatic extraction, a suture may be required to close the wound. If there is no such need, a gauze swab soaked in a special hemostatic solution is placed over the injury, which is pressed into the hole with two jaws. The essence of stopping bleeding lies not only in the hemostatic drug, but also in compressing the wound. Therefore, you should not rush to change the tampon when it is soaked in blood, but rather press it well to the gum with your jaws.

Postoperative period – anesthesia is still in effect

Usually the algorithm is as follows: the doctor removes the tooth, places a gauze swab and orders you to hold it for about 15-20 minutes, then spit it out. Later, in best case scenario, the wound is examined for bleeding, and after the doctor is convinced that the bleeding has stopped, the patient is sent home; in the worst case, the patient goes home, throwing away the tampon along the way.

Pain– in the first 3-4 hours after the manipulation, the anesthetic still continues to act, so the pain from extraction is either not felt at all or is barely felt. A kind of exudate with streaks of blood - ichor - is released from the hole. Its separation continues for 4-6 hours, and this is visible when spitting and opening the mouth. If a wisdom tooth is removed, then given its abundant blood supply and a significant area of ​​trauma in the area of ​​the operation, ichor can be released within 24 hours.

Hole after tooth extraction it looks like this: there is a clot of scarlet blood in it. This clot cannot be removed because it:

prevents vascular bleeding at the bottom and sides of the socket;

protects the hole from infection;

gives rise to soft tissue that will replace the lost tooth in the future.

Blood after removal may be released into small quantities(norm) if:

a person suffers from liver pathologies;

takes blood thinners;

the operation was performed on inflamed tissue (the tissue is swollen and the vessels do not collapse well);

the tooth was pulled out traumatically.

Such bleeding should not be profuse and after 3-4 hours it transforms into separation from the ichor wound. If the blood stops and appears again after 1-2 hours, this indicates the onset of the second phase of the action of the vasoconstrictor drug, namely the dilation of blood vessels.

In all of the above cases, you need to perform the following actions:

calm down. It is necessary to know that bleeding from the socket of an extracted tooth was fatal only in one case, and then the deceased woman died not from the bleeding itself, but from blood entering the respiratory tract, when she herself was in a state of severe alcoholic intoxication. Her bleeding did not stop as a result of the presence of cirrhosis of the liver, which is known to interfere with the blood clotting process, and the patient had three teeth removed at once;

if the bleeding is quite severe, you need to return to the surgeon who performed the extraction. At night, you can go to the duty room or public clinic, but only if the blood is scarlet or dark color and comes out in a trickle. Otherwise, you must proceed to the following points;

make a tampon from sterile gauze and install it yourself so that the edge of the tampon does not touch the blood clot in the hole, then clamp the tampon with your jaws for 20-30 minutes;

if bleeding develops due to the use of anticoagulants and the patient suffers from chronic pathologies of the blood or liver, or when copious amounts of blood are released, you can use the Hemostatic Sponge, which is sold in pharmacies. The sponge is also placed over the socket and pressed using the opposite jaw;

Additionally, you can take the drug Dicinon or Etamzilat, 1-2 tablets 3-4 times a day;

Hydrogen peroxide should not be used, since its components react with blood, as a result of which the clot in the socket is also partially fragmented, which can cause increased bleeding.

How many days after tooth extraction should bleeding stop completely? It takes 24 hours for the bleeding to stop completely. The presence of later bleeding indicates the presence of complications that must be excluded or confirmed during an unscheduled examination by a dentist.

swollen cheek can be observed during this period only if swelling was present before surgery. If there was no flux before the operation, then even if any complication develops, such as swelling of the cheek, it will appear within such short time can't.

Temperature After the operation, an increase in body temperature of up to 38 degrees may be observed during the first 2 hours. This is how the body reacts to intervention. Most often, the temperature is within 37.5 0 C, and in the evening it rises to a maximum of 38 0 C.

How to rinse your mouth after tooth extraction? In the first couple of hours after the manipulation - nothing, so as not to disturb the integrity of the still loose blood clot in the tooth socket.

Postoperative period after the end of anesthesia

Pain– noticeable because the gums become sensitive and the pain in the socket begins to bother you (normally, the pain can persist for up to 6 days, but does not increase).

Hole looks the same as it did 2 hours ago, the blood clot remains.

Blood– after the end of the anesthesia, it may begin to be released more strongly, most often it is not blood, but ichor. This is due to the fact that there is an expansion of blood vessels that were previously narrowed by vasoconstrictor drugs and adrenaline. If you use the recommendations presented in the previous paragraph: tamponade with gauze or with a hemostatic sponge, you can take a couple of Etamzilate tablets, in most cases this will relieve the condition.

How to rinse your mouth? Until the end of the first day after extraction, rinsing is contraindicated; you can use baths; to do this, take the solution into your mouth and tilt your head towards the extracted tooth, without making rinsing movements. Such baths are indicated only if there are inflammatory or purulent processes in the oral cavity (gum suppuration, pulpitis, cysts) before the intervention. During the first day, only salt baths are used: for one glass of water, one tablespoon (tablespoon) of salt. Hold for about 1-3 minutes, repeat 2-3 times a day.

Temperature after removal, it normally lasts for one day, and should not exceed 38 degrees.

Cheek swelling, but if the bleeding does not increase, headache, nausea does not appear, and appetite does not decrease, during the first two days this is one of the normal options. In the future, if there is no increasing swelling over the next 2 days, there is also no need to panic. But if:

the cheek continues to swell;

swelling spreads to neighboring areas;

the pain becomes more pronounced;

nausea, weakness, fatigue appear;

the temperature rises,

this indicates the development of a complication. It is necessary to urgently consult a specialist.

Second or third day

Hole can scare many people. The fact is that gray and white stripes of tissue begin to form on top of the blood clot. Don't be scared - it's not pus. This is the appearance of fibrin, which helps the blood clot to thicken so that the soft tissue of a new gum can then grow in its place.

Pain after removal it is present and requires painkillers. When the healing process has a normal, uncomplicated course, the pain weakens every day, while characteristic feature is its character - aching, pulling, but not pulsating or shooting.

Why do many patients complain of an unpleasant odor after tooth extraction? A similar odor from the mouth may be present and this is normal. The accumulation of blood, which goes through its natural stages of looseness and then a dense blood clot, has an unpleasant sweetish smell. In addition, the patient is usually prohibited from brushing and rinsing his teeth for 3 days as a prescription, so there is an active accumulation of bacteria in the mouth, which increases the unpleasant odor. Don't worry about the smell, especially if general condition satisfactory, there is no fever, and the pain gradually begins to subside.

We can talk about an uncomplicated course of the period after surgery if:

when you press on the gum, the exudate does not separate from the socket;

pain – aching, dull, not shooting. It also does not increase during meals;

normal appetite;

there is no constant desire to lie down and no weakness;

no increase in temperature is observed even in the evening;

swelling of the cheek remains at the same level as yesterday and does not increase;

No blood is released after 2-3 days.

You need to see a dentist if:

saliva or food is detected in the hole;

pain increases when eating, even if its character is aching and weak;

when you touch the gum in the area of ​​the hole, pain occurs;

the edges of the gums turn red.

How to rinse your mouth during this period?

decoction of calendula, eucalyptus, chamomile. Prepare according to the recipe presented in the instructions, take baths for 2-3 minutes three times a day;

furatsilin solution - ready-made or diluted independently (boil 10 tablets per 1 liter of water, or 2 tablets per glass of boiling water): perform 1-2 minute baths, the manipulation can be repeated up to 2-3 times a day;

soda-salt solution (a teaspoon of salt and soda per glass of water): bath for 2 minutes, just hold in your mouth, repeat 2-3 times a day;

Miramistin solution: baths for 1-3 minutes, 2-3 times a day;

aqueous solution of chlorhexidine (0.05%): keep in mouth for at least a minute. Rinse three times a day.

Third or fourth day

There is no blood or other discharge from the wound. The gums hurt slightly, there is no temperature, the swelling of the cheek subsides. A yellow-gray mass forms in the center of the hole; on the sides of this mass, areas of new gum mucosa appear, which are pink in color.

At this time, you can already rinse your mouth: decoctions, aqueous solutions, the solutions discussed above (herbal decoctions, miramistin, furatsilin, chlorhexidine) can also be used, but not actively.

Seventh-eighth days

Postoperative pain should completely resolve, as should swelling of the cheek. The hole looks like this: almost completely covered with reddish-pink tissue, in the center there is a small area of ​​yellowish-gray color. Exudate does not separate from the wound. Inside the hole, the process of bone formation begins, at the location of the tooth root (this process is not yet visible).

If the postoperative period is uncomplicated, the patient’s condition corresponds to that before the operation. Separation of blood or ichor, increased body temperature, and the presence of postoperative swelling are reasons for a visit to the dentist.

14-18 knocks

If the tooth was completely removed and there were no fragments left in the socket, the postoperative wound did not fester, then by 14-18 days the hole can no longer be called a hole, because it is completely covered with new pink epithelial tissue. In the area along the edges and inside the socket, socket cavities made of histiocytes and fibroblasts are still present; active development bone tissue.

By 30-45 days after surgery There are still noticeable defects on the gum, which indicate that a tooth was located in this place, since the process of replacing the former hole with the help of bone tissue has not yet been completely completed. The microscopic wound contains finely looped bone tissue with the presence of connective tissue in the spaces.

In 2-3 months The bone tissue is fully formed and fills all the space that was previously occupied by the tooth, but is still at the maturation stage: the intercellular space in the bone tissue decreases, the cells become flat, and the process of deposition of calcium salts actively occurs in the bone beams. By the 4th month, the gum has the same appearance as the other areas; above the location of the mouth of the socket, the shape of the gum becomes wavy or concave, the height of such gum is less in comparison with areas with teeth.

How long does it take for a wound to heal?? If no complications arose in the postoperative period, then 4 months are needed for complete healing. If the wound festered, took a long time to heal, and had to be cleaned with dental instruments, this process can drag on for up to six months.

Removing the gauze pad.

Can be done in 20-30 minutes. If the patient suffers from arterial hypertension, uses blood thinners, or suffers from a blood clotting disorder, it is better to hold the gauze firmly pressed against the gum for about 40-60 minutes.

Blood clot at the site of tooth extraction.

Removing this clot is prohibited. Its formation serves as a kind of protection, which was developed by nature itself and should not be violated. Even in cases where food gets on the clot, you should not try to get it out with a toothpick.

In order not to destroy the formed clot, during the first day:

don't blow your nose;

do not smoke: the clot may be pulled out negative pressure which is created in the oral cavity when inhaling smoke;

do not spit;

do not brush your teeth;

do not rinse your mouth, the maximum is a bath, when the solution is taken and held in the mouth near the hole, after which it is very carefully spat out;

follow the rules of nutrition (discussed below) and sleep.

Nutrition:

in the first 2-3 hours after surgery you should not eat or drink;

on the first day you need to exclude:

• alcohol;

  spicy food: it can provoke an increase in blood flow to the socket, which leads to increased swelling and increased pain;

  hot food: also increases blood flow and leads to post-operative inflammation;

  rough food: crackers, chips, nuts. Also, such products can lead to the development of inflammation of the socket;

in the next three days you should eat only soft food, you should avoid sweets, alcohol and not drink hot drinks.

In addition, in the first week it is necessary to avoid drinking drinks through a straw; you should not chew on the side where the clot is located. It is also necessary to exclude the use of toothpicks: all food residues after eating should be rinsed with herbal decoctions; on the first day, instead of rinsing, use baths.

Rules of conduct.

You can wash your hair and take a shower. It is better to sleep on the first day after tooth extraction on a high pillow (or simply add an extra one). The following are excluded for a week:

going to the beach;

work in a hot shop;

physical activity;

• hot bath;

  bath/sauna.

People who suffer from arterial hypertension or diseases of the blood coagulation system must take a course of medications according to a previously selected regimen. In 90% of cases, late swelling of the cheek and the appearance of bruises, bleeding from the socket appear in the presence of increased blood pressure. If anything worries you, it is better to call the surgeon who removed the tooth or go to an appointment than to search for answers on the Internet.

Oral hygiene measures.

During the first day, you should not rinse or brush your teeth.. Such activities can be started from the second day after tooth extraction, but contact with the socket must be avoided. If the dentist’s recommendations included antiseptic treatment wounds, then during the first 3 days such treatment involves performing baths (a solution is taken into the mouth and the head is tilted towards the defect, the head is held in this position for 1-3 minutes and the solution is carefully released without spitting). From the second day, baths should be done after every meal.

It is also necessary to resume brushing your teeth from the second day.: twice a day, with a minimal amount of toothpaste or without it at all, without touching the socket. You cannot use an irrigator.

Picking the clot with your tongue, finger, or even more so with a toothpick is prohibited. If deposits have accumulated in the area of ​​the clot, it is better to consult a doctor.

How to rinse your mouth? These are solutions (preparation recipes are described above):

soda-salt;

aqueous solution of furatsilin;

miramistin;

chlorhexidine;

decoctions of chamomile, eucalyptus, sage.

Pain in the postoperative period.

Painkillers. During the first two days, pain will definitely be present, because the operation was performed. You can relieve pain with the help of drugs Ibuprofen, Ketanov, Diclofenac, Nise, since they have an additional anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, you should not endure it, it is better to take the pill prescribed by your doctor, but you should not exceed the permissible dose.

Cold– for additional pain relief, you can apply cold to the cheek. Foods that are in the freezer are not suitable for this. The maximum is a plastic container with ice cubes or water, wrapped in a towel, or even better, in a cotton cloth soaked in water. A similar compress is applied for 15-20 minutes.

Duration of pain after removal. In the absence of complications, pain can be felt up to 7 days from the moment of tooth extraction. It becomes less intense every day and becomes aching in nature, but it should not intensify when eating. Depending on the complexity of the operation, the level pain threshold The duration of pain after extraction will vary between patients and physician experience.

Cheek swelling.

The cheek always swells after tooth extraction. The reason for this is inflammation after injury. The swelling reaches its maximum volume by 2-3 days, with:

the cheek skin is not hot or red;

the pain does not get worse;

there is no increase in body temperature (the “behavior” of temperature is described below);

swelling does not extend to the neck, infraorbital area and chin.

What to do if your cheek is swollen after tooth extraction? If this state is not accompanied by the symptoms listed above, it can be applied to the cheek cold compress for 15-20 minutes, a similar procedure can be performed 3-4 times a day. If an increase in swelling is accompanied by an increase in body temperature or a general deterioration of the condition, it is necessary to consult a dentist, since this may be allergic reaction on drugs used during surgery, insufficient sanitation of the oral cavity and wounds after surgery, early heating of the cheek in the postoperative period.

Temperature.

The temperature curve should behave like this:

after surgery (on the first day) it rises to a maximum of 38 0 C in the evening;

the next morning - no higher than 37.5 0 C;

on the second day in the evening - the norm.

Symptoms that differ from those described should be a reason to visit a doctor. It is prohibited to prescribe antibiotics on your own; this can only be done by a specialist.

The mouth opens poorly.

After tooth extraction, the jaw may open poorly and hurt even normally. This happens when, during the process of tooth extraction, the dentist has to put pressure on the tissue or the patient has to open his mouth wide to provide maximum access to the operation site (usually this happens when extracting a wisdom tooth), which results in tissue swelling. If such a condition is not a complication of the operation, then similar condition proceeds without increasing swelling of the cheek, increasing pain in the jaw, or increasing temperature. On the contrary, the situation with excessive mouth opening goes away in about 2-4 days.

Bleeding.

Bleeding can normally be observed during the day. If the patient is concerned about its intensity, then the following measures should be taken:

press for 20-30 minutes with a swab of sterile gauze or ready-made hemostatic sponge to the wound. After a while, you can repeat the manipulation;

You can take 2 tablets of Dicinone/Etamsylate. The tablets can be taken 3 times a day;

you can use a cold compress soaked in cold water towels Apply the compress to the cheek for 20 minutes, after 3 hours you can repeat the procedure.

If the discharge of ichor or bleeding continues for more than a day, it is imperative to visit a dentist. Most likely, such manifestations indicate the presence of an infectious complication.

Hematoma on the skin of the cheek.

This phenomenon is not a complication in the postoperative period. Bruising most often occurs in cases of traumatic tooth extraction, especially in people who suffer from arterial hypertension. A hematoma is the release of blood from the vessels into the tissue where post-traumatic swelling was previously located.

Other questions.

Can your health worsen after tooth extraction?? On the first day after surgery, stress can cause lack of appetite, headache, and weakness. In the future, such manifestations disappear.

How long should it take after tooth extraction to return to the usual rhythm of life?? Within a week, the pain disappears, swelling and bruising also disappear, the clot at the bottom of the hole begins to be covered with epithelial tissue.

Complications

After tooth extraction, various complications can develop. The vast majority of them are infections that require the simultaneous administration of antibiotics or, in extreme cases, surgical sanitation of the source of infection.

Dry hole.

This name refers to a condition in which, under the influence of vasoconstrictor drugs that are present in the anesthetic, or in case of non-compliance with medical recommendations after surgery (for example, active rinsing or eating solid food), a blood clot does not form in the socket. Such a complication does not pose a threat to the patient’s life, but can cause the development of alveolitis - inflammation of the tooth socket, since the clot functions to protect the gum tissue from infection and accelerates wound healing; accordingly, when it is absent, there is nothing to perform its function.

This condition appears long term healing postoperative wound, the occurrence of an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity, long-term persistence of pain. The patient himself can, by looking in the mirror, determine that there is no clot in the socket and the socket is not protected.

Having discovered such a condition, you should consult a doctor on the first day to correct the situation. Most likely, the dentist will perform a repeated, less painful intervention on the wound, which aims to form a new clot in the hole. If the presence of a dry socket was noticed later than the first day, then it is necessary to consult a doctor directly during the appointment or by telephone, he will explain what measures (in most cases these are dental gels and rinses) need to be taken to prevent the development of alveolitis.

Alveolitis.

This name refers to a condition in which inflammation develops in the mucous membrane that lines the cavity in the jaw where the tooth was located before surgery. This condition is dangerous because it can cause suppuration in the socket and the transition of an infectious purulent inflammation on soft tissues and bone tissue of the jaw. Alveolitis in most cases develops after the removal of molars, especially for wisdom teeth located on the lower jaw, which are surrounded by a large amount of soft tissue.

Causes of alveolitis:

decreased general immunity;

removal of a tooth on the root of which a suppurating cyst was attached;

unsatisfactory treatment of the tooth socket after its extraction;

violation of the integrity of the clot in the hole, most often, if desired, rinse your mouth intensively or clear the hole of food using toothpicks.

Symptoms of alveolitis development:

the pain that began to subside after the operation increases again;

an unpleasant, putrid odor appears from the mouth;

pain radiates to both jaws, in some cases to the head area;

submandibular lymph nodes enlarge;

when pressing on the gum in the area of ​​operation, pus or liquid begins to ooze from the hole;

after removing a tooth, the pan looks like this: the edges of the wound are reddish, the clot may have a black tint, the hole is covered with a dirty gray coating;

body temperature rises to 38 0 C and higher with a feeling of aching, chills;

a headache appears, one feels sleepy, the person gets tired quickly;

it hurts to touch the gum.

At home you can help yourself:

rinse your mouth, but not intensively, often up to 20 times per knock, using antiseptic solutions (for example, miramistin, chlorhexidine), salt solution for rinsing;

you should not remove the clot from the hole even if there is an unpleasant odor coming from it;

you can drink non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Ibuprofen, Nise, Diclofenac;

consult a dentist. Only he is able to cure alveolitis by curettage of the wound, inserting a tampon with an antiseptic into the wound and selecting the most suitable antibiotic for the patient. This may be Colimycin, Neomycin, Lincomycin. The doctor can also refer the patient to physiotherapeutic procedures: helium-neon laser treatment, fluctuarization, microwave therapy, ultraviolet irradiation.

Complications of alveolitis can be:

abscesses - an accumulation of pus, limited to a capsule, in soft tissues;

osteomyelitis – inflammation of the bone tissue of the jaw;

phlegmon - the spread of a purulent process that is not limited to the capsule and provokes the melting of healthy soft tissues of the jaw;

periostitis - inflammation of the periosteum of the jaw.

Osteomyelitis.

Purulent inflammation of the jaw bone, which is the most common complication of alveolitis. May, in turn, be complicated by blood poisoning, so treatment this complication must be carried out in a hospital. Osteomyelitis manifests itself with the following symptoms:

loss of appetite;

increased fatigue;

headache;

increased body temperature (above 38 degrees);

swelling of the cheek develops in the projection of the extracted tooth;

touching the jaw bone causes pain, and the further the process spreads, the larger areas of the jaw are affected;

Severe pain in the jaw develops, which increases.

Treatment of this complication is performed in the department of maxillofacial surgery. The wound is drained, necrotic areas of bone are removed, and antiseptic drugs. A course of systemic antibiotics is prescribed.

Nerve damage.

If the extracted tooth had a complex root system or was positioned incorrectly, the operation in such cases may damage the nerve that runs nearby. This complication has the following symptoms:

the presence of “running” goosebumps;

the area of ​​nerve damage becomes insensitive;

numbness in the area of ​​the cheeks, palate, tongue in the projection of tooth extraction.

Pathology is treated on an outpatient basis. Physiotherapy is used, a course of vitamin B and drugs that improve the conduction of impulses from nerve endings to muscles are also prescribed.

Sharp edges of the alveoli.

After tooth extraction on the second day, when the edges of the gums begin to move closer to each other above the socket, pain occurs in this area. It is possible to distinguish such pain from alveolitis during the examination: pus does not separate from the socket, the edges of the gums are not red, the socket is still closed with a clot. Treatment of this complication is surgical - using special tools The sharp edges of the hole are excised, the wound is treated and a biomaterial is applied on top, which compensates for the lack of bone.

Exposure of the alveolar zone.

If postoperative course passes within normal limits, however, when eating warm food or mechanical irritation in the socket area, pain occurs, this may indicate that the area of ​​​​the bone is not covered with soft tissue.

This diagnosis can only be made by a dentist. Treatment of the pathology is surgical: the exposed area is removed, covering it on top with your own gum tissue, and sutures are applied.

Postoperative cyst.

The development of a cyst after tooth extraction is quite rare complication operations. This is a kind of cavity near the root of the tooth, which is filled with liquid, thus the body independently limits infected tissues from healthy ones. Such a cyst can increase in size and completely cover the tooth root, it can also spread to neighboring tissues, so this complication must be treated.

Such a cyst becomes noticeable after the development of periostitis, which is popularly called “flux.” In such cases, a person goes to dentistry, where the disease is diagnosed and treated surgically, excising the pathological formation.

Perforation of the floor of the maxillary sinus.

This complication is the result of the manipulation itself, when during the process of tooth extraction a pathological connection is formed between maxillary sinus and the oral cavity. This complication is possible when molars are removed. Pathology can be diagnosed using x-rays, and the dentist can check for the presence of a message by asking the patient to exhale, then pinch his nose with his fingers and inhale. If there is a perforation, foamy (presence of air) blood will begin to appear from the hole.

Odontogenic phlegmon.

This name has purulent melting of soft tissues (spaces between the fascia, subcutaneous tissue, skin), which develops as a complication of osteomyelitis of the jaw.

The disease manifests itself as painful and increasing swelling of the cheek in the area of ​​the lower or upper jaw. The skin over the swelling is tense, very painful, and it is quite difficult to open the mouth. In addition, headaches, malaise occur, and body temperature rises. There is a decrease in appetite.

Treatment of this complication is carried out only by surgery. Therapy consists of opening the infiltrate and washing the damaged areas with antibiotics; systemic antibiotics are also prescribed.

Odontogenic periostitis.

This complication is a complication of osteomyelitis or alveolitis and is manifested by the spread of inflammation to the periosteum. Popularly, such a pathology should be called “flux.” A complication appears:

increased body temperature;

constant toothache;

swelling of the cheek on one side.

Abscesses of soft tissues of the jaw.

This disease in its early stages is not particularly different from phlegmon. However, here the tissues melted by pus are limited from healthy ones to the capsule, while with phlegmon the inflammation continues to advance and affect more and more new areas of tissue.

The manifestation of odontogenic abscesses is pain in the entire jaw, weakness, increased body temperature to high levels, difficulty in opening the mouth, increased local temperature in the area of ​​skin swelling, and the development of significant swelling of the cheek.

Treatment of the complication is carried out in a hospital and is surgical - the resulting abscess is opened and drained, washed with antiseptic solutions. In addition, systemic antibiotics are injected into a vein or muscle.

Antibiotics for tooth extraction

Cases of appointment.

When removing teeth, antibiotics are not always prescribed; it all depends on each specific case. If, after tooth extraction, during a follow-up appointment the doctor finds signs of inflammation, then in most cases antibiotics are prescribed. There are also a number of factors that imply the prescription of antibiotics for complications of tooth extraction:

• if during the process of tooth extraction its socket was damaged, which resulted in the penetration of infection further into the tissue;
• if after tooth extraction the wound does not heal for a long time due to weakening of local immunity;
• if a blood clot does not form in the hole or it is insolvent. In such cases, antibiotics are prescribed to protect the socket from infection.

Requirements for drugs

After tooth extraction, you need to prescribe those antibiotics that meet a number of requirements:

low level of toxicity;

minimal number of side effects;

the drug must have the ability to quickly penetrate soft and bone tissues;

the drug must have the ability to accumulate in the blood in certain quantities and maintain the local effect for 8 hours.

What drugs should be prescribed.

It is quite difficult to give an unambiguous answer to the question of which antibiotics should be prescribed after tooth extraction, because each patient’s body may react differently to them, so the doctor decides this question directly during the appointment. The only thing that can be done regarding the definition of antibiotics for tooth extraction is to indicate which of them are used most often. Modern dentistry most often uses Metronidazole and Lincomecitin. These drugs are often even prescribed in combination to ensure better effect. Thus, Lincomecin should be taken two capsules with an interval of 6-7 hours, the course of therapy is up to 5 days. At the same time, Metronidazole acts as a maintenance drug and is taken one tablet three times a day, the course is 5 days.

Contraindications.

When prescribing antibiotics after tooth extraction, the doctor must be warned about the presence of characteristics of the body. Thus, the dentist should be informed about pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and heart. It is also worth providing all information regarding the use of other medications.

If the patient has a gastrointestinal pathology, the doctor should prescribe antibiotics effervescent form. Such products dissolve much faster and do not cause severe irritation to the stomach and intestines. The main thing that needs to be understood once and for all is that only a doctor can prescribe any medications, and then only after a thorough examination.