“Set an alarm to fall asleep”: what new research says about sleep and the brain. Expert: Grudinin’s program can lead to serious negative consequences It can lead to serious consequences
Previously considered one of the classic childhood diseases. But it began to occur much less frequently after the invention of the vaccine. In general, this disease is easily treatable, but if you are diagnosed with chickenpox, complications can still occur.
Myocarditis. This is an inflammatory process in the heart muscle. It can be caused by a range of infections and viruses, as well as immune diseases. This affects the heart muscle and causes local inflammation;
Cosmetic defects. Even though chickenpox does not leave scars, they can still form if the patient scratches the blisters. In this case, the upper layer of the skin is damaged and small scars remain during healing. They may go away in a few months, but they may remain.
If a mature person gets chickenpox, it is much more difficult for him to endure the infection than for a child. Therefore, there are more complications in adults.
The most serious consequence of the disease is the addition of a bacterial infection, such as encephalitis. This can even lead to death. To prevent this from happening, you should not scratch the blisters to prevent infection.
Even as an adult, vision may be impaired or completely lost. Rheumatism is also one of the complications of chickenpox.
In women who become infected with chickenpox during pregnancy, the fetus may also be infected. With a maternal diagnosis of chickenpox, complications in children born into the world may not appear immediately, but after a while. Therefore, it is always advisable to get vaccinated, because the vaccine usually completely prevents the disease or makes the course of the disease very mild and calm. Complications from chickenpox occur, but they can be avoided with proper treatment.
When does "hot" become "too hot"?
“Is my processor overheating?” - this is the first question we ask ourselves when the computer turns off spontaneously, freezes or starts to slow down in resource-intensive games. It’s not difficult to find out: just install and run during the game any program that can track parameters, for example, HWMonitor (if you want to get even more information than HWMonitor provides, try HWiNFO 64). Monitor the temperature to see if the processor is to blame.
If he really creates a bathhouse in the socket, then the next important question is whether this can harm him?
More often than not, no. Under normal conditions, especially when it comes to desktop computers, CPU heat won't cause any problems - provided everything is working as it should. And if something goes wrong and the temperature of your processor rises too much, thermal protection will come into play and protect the equipment from damage. With laptops, the situation is a little more complicated, since cooling the central and graphics processors in a thin case is not so easy. But even in this case, the system will prevent damage, it’s just that the likelihood of encountering freezes becomes slightly higher if things start to smell fried.
CPU temperature and you
Less than 60°C: Everything is perfect, nothing to worry about.
60-70°C: Works fine, just a little hotter for normal conditions (you can check coolers/dust).
70-80°C: Might be ok if you're into overclocking and trying to squeeze out the last 100MHz; otherwise check coolers, dust and try lowering the voltage or CPU multiplier (if possible).
80-90°C: Unstable operation is possible, often the processor operates at its limit.
Above 90°C: Almost guaranteed crashes, coupled with high voltage, can kill your processor within a few months.
If you are not into overclocking, but your processor temperature reaches 80°C, this is a serious sign: something is not working as it should. This could be a broken cooler, poorly applied thermal paste, or a dust-covered radiator. Most PC processor temperatures hover in the 50-70°C range during operation, so if your readings regularly exceed 80 without overclocking, there's definitely cause for concern.
On the other hand, overclocking radically changes the picture. Killing the processor without changing the voltage is almost impossible, but some auto-overclocking scenarios in the BIOS of motherboards use increasing the voltage. If you push your processor to a higher clock speed, the most common failure will simply be a system crash. But if you increase the voltage too much, and even increase the multiplier, then yes - it can lead to irreversible damage.
Temperatures during overclocking can theoretically reach 90°C and still remain safe, and the maximum limit for many processors is stated as 105-110°C. But for long-term use, it is better to stay mostly within 80°C and only occasionally reach 85°C during peak load. Plus, squeezing an extra 100-200MHz out of a processor typically requires higher voltage (remember: path to a fried processor) and only adds 1-3% to performance. And this is provided that the weak link is not the video card, when overclocking the processor will not have any effect at all.
Luckily, there are many ways to deal with excess heat. The radiator and cooler supplied with the processor are quite suitable for everyday use, although they are not always quiet enough. In this case, it is better not to get too carried away with overclocking.
The next step would be good air coolers for $40-$50, and they are already suitable for good overclocking (think 4.6 GHz on Skylake architecture processors). Liquid cooling (costing about $100) will reduce the temperature a few more degrees even when overclocked, which will help get that extra 100-200 MHz (4.7-4.8 GHz on Skylake). Check out our guide to choosing the best for tips on what to look for.
And if cleaning the cooler doesn't help reduce the temperature, consider buying new thermal paste. It's like sunscreen: if your CPU has been working hard for a few years, a little fresh thermal paste will help it cool down.
Faktrum translated for you an article about how our bodies are an intricate system of organs, in which causes and effects can be the most unexpected.
1. Your reaction to a particular optical illusion may indicate schizophrenia.
The "hollow mask" illusion is a masterpiece of optical wizardry, tricking your brain into thinking that the inside of the rotating mask is the same as the outside - a face with protruding elements. Check it out for yourself.
It's amazing, isn't it? Looks like a normal face, and then it turns out that it was only the inside of the mask. Wait, are you saying that this didn't fool you for a second? Okay... we don't want to alarm you, but...
Researchers at the Hannover Medical School in Germany and the British Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience have discovered that there is a very specific subgroup of people who are completely resistant to the hollow mask illusion: schizophrenics.
Okay, stop!
The study showed that most of us cannot overcome the deception of the mask, we succumb to the illusion 99 percent of the time. Volunteers with schizophrenia were fooled only about six percent of the time. So, although schizophrenia is a terrible disease, the person suffering from it can at least boast one rare superpower.
Why? At certain angles, the mask deceives the average person because the brain cannot gather enough visual cues to determine that the mask is concave. So to make sense of it, the brain forces you to see what it thinks is right. As the mask rotates, the whimsical play of light around the edges again “explodes” your brain, breaking the illusion. But of course, that won't stop you from falling into the same trap again and again.
Schizophrenics cannot fully comprehend incoming sensory information. Their brains skip the intermediate step and make no effort to correct the strange appearance of the mask - the blank hellish face is not strange enough for their brains.
2. Snoring as a child can make you a pathological loser as an adult.
Did you snore as a child? Do you have a child who snores? Are you basically against all children and snoring? Oddly enough, if you answered yes to the last question, chances are that you are a more balanced person than the snorers in the first two, because children who snore have an increased chance of making mistakes in the future.
Okay, stop!
Let's discuss a little-known "baby behavior problem based on their overall sleep etiquette." A three-year study of 249 child-mother pairs showed that this problem is very real. Scientists have learned that children who snore during their formative years (ages 2–3) tend to exhibit the “holy trinity” of terrible behavior: inattention, aggression and hyperactivity. As a result, children who snored were three and a half times more likely to become terribly fussy and disobedient than their nose-breathing peers.
Another study on sleep apnea (sudden stoppage of breathing) in children found the same trend. During six years of experiments, 11,000 children were examined: 5,000 “normal” and 6,000 suffering from various apneas.
Children with sleep-disordered breathing were 40% more likely to develop behavioral problems at age seven. We're not saying this because they fell asleep in class one day and everyone found out they snored. Their symptoms included "anxiety and depression, problems in relationships with peers, behavioral problems such as following rules and social behavior towards others."
Luckily, science may have found a solution to the challenging behavior of children who snore. We're talking about breastfeeding - specifically, how long it should be done. Research shows that relatively late weaning is a strong predictor of infant snoring, as none of the children who were breastfed for more than 12 months were found to snore. Those who breastfed less or never were almost 25 percent more likely to develop chronic snoring.
And since we started talking about this...
3. Restless sleep may predict whether you'll get Parkinson's disease
Have you ever had dreams in which you were attacked or chased? It turns out that it's not just the emotions of a busy day - it can actually predict future Parkinson's disease.
Okay, stop!
Anxiety may be a sign of REM sleep disorder, caused by a drop in dopamine levels in the substantia nigra of the brain, which is responsible for coordinating movements (for example, the way your hand moves to your mouth while your eyes look at the TV screen). Without the action of dopamine during REM sleep, your limbs may move randomly and erratically.
People suffering from this condition are more prone to developing Parkinson's disease than heavy sleepers. How much more? The study showed up to 45 percent.
In another study, researchers followed 21 people with REM sleep disorder for eight years. Ten of them had irregular dopamine levels, and seven developed neurodegenerative diseases.
This is a pretty serious problem. Fortunately, there is a ray of hope: Researchers can now monitor dopamine and REM sleep activity in real time using a neuroimaging technique called single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
SPECT is quickly becoming a super-important tool for detecting Parkinson's disease at a very early stage because its "spy" abilities can recognize the disease before the first symptoms appear. This gives us the chance to create a completely new generation of nootropic drugs in the future.
Let's talk about strange tests that we will all soon be able to pass...
4. Decreased sweating increases the risk of suicide (if you're depressed)
Be honest: do you sweat when you're nervous? That's one of the curses of social awkwardness - you're already uncomfortable on a date (or at a party, a wedding, or even a casual trip to the grocery store...), and now you're doubly awkward because of your wet armpits.
We have good news for you: you are in a group of people less likely than others to have suicidal thoughts.
Okay, stop!
Simply put, one of the signs of moving from “in a bad mood” to “so depressed I want to die” is that the reflexive responses your body receives become dulled. The answer to involuntary fear is sweat. The study involved 800 people who were being treated for depression. They were connected to sweat detectors and then stressed with a series of sharp, loud sounds.
All people responded to the noise, but subjects prone to depression and suicidal thoughts quickly became biologically indifferent and subsequently showed a blunted reaction.
Incredibly, decreased sweating was seen in 97 percent of those who later committed suicide, but only two percent of those who did not.
Obviously, our goal is not to convince you that not sweating under stress is a death sentence: some people just don't sweat much.
The findings are helpful because science may be able to come up with a simple physical test that can help pinpoint who is at risk of suicide. If so, then knowing this feature will be of great benefit.
Now scientists are trying to find out through a series of questionnaires, which is wrong because no one likes filling them out and the process spoils the mood.
5. A weak bite may be a sign of dementia.
Is it becoming increasingly difficult for you to open the cap of a beer bottle with your teeth? This may seem like a minor inconvenience, but it could also be a sign that your brain is about to stop working.
Okay, stop!
The Karolinska Institutet studied 557 participants aged 77 years and older. They were connected to bite force sensors and asked to eat apples. Sensors recorded how much force each participant exerted when biting into the fruit.
Those who have had difficulty chewing are more likely to develop symptoms of dementia than those who have not had problems. The study suggested that those who asked the apple why their children no longer called them were disqualified before the study began due to a pre-existing condition.
Another study conducted in Japan on younger people aged 60 years and older showed approximately the same results. Note also that subjects with less severe dementia had significantly more teeth.
It is believed that the fact is that chewing movements stimulate blood flow. Chewing is basically a facial workout, and if you fail to do it correctly, blood flow to the brain is reduced, essentially leaving it to die.
6. Simple smell tests can detect Alzheimer's... and psychopaths
We need the sense of smell not only to find a delicious donut by smell. It influences our perception of the world. There are simple smell tests that can instantly recognize some very specific brain conditions you may have.
Okay, stop!
Let's start with Alzheimer's disease. Scientists at the Florida Brain Institute used peanut butter to identify the disease. All you need is peanut butter, a ruler and a friend.
To begin the test, close your eyes, mouth and one nostril. Have your friend hold the peanut butter at chest level and then slowly lift it up until you smell just the slightest whiff of it and then measure the distance between your nose and the peanut. Repeat the same for the other nostril.
If the distance is less than 10 centimeters and the left nostril is weaker, you have a higher chance of developing Alzheimer's disease.
The student came up with this ingeniously simple test after realizing that traditional testing for cognitive illnesses overlooks the sense of smell, which is odd since the downward spiral of cognitive decline begins in the first cranial nerve, which transmits smell information to the brain.
Peanut oil was chosen because it was cheap and had a strong odor.
The study also shows a strong link between poor sense of smell and psychopathy. Australian researchers were able to classify psychopathic tendencies in relation to the ability to smell.
Using a scented marker, scientists conducted a series of tests to identify hidden psychopaths. 79 people aged 19–21 were asked to find a marker that had an odor. The psychopaths in the group had trouble even when they were told what the marker supposedly smelled like. In addition, they were unable to distinguish odors.
This is potentially very important. Now there may be a simple test that can offer an objective way of identifying a disorder that we have traditionally tried to identify through questionnaires, which are always subjective.
Of course, scientists recognize that a poor sense of smell is not always a sign of impending psychosis. It can be caused by other diseases such as schizophrenia or Parkinson's disease. Or maybe you just have a runny nose.
What common food most often causes food poisoning?
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The human body is an incredibly complex mechanism, the work of which largely depends on the quality and properties of the “fuel” with which we supply it, that is, the products we eat. Even the most seemingly harmless vegetables and fruits can provoke serious disturbances in the functioning of internal organs if eaten without any measure, and such a vital nutrient as water can easily become a deadly poison.
To avoid this, you need to study the beneficial and harmful properties of foods and try to diversify your diet, without focusing, for example, on salads with carrots or exotic cuisine like sushi and sashimi. Here several food items, which in large quantities can cause the development of certain diseases and even cause death.
1. Carrot
Of course, everyone knows that carrots are one of the healthiest root vegetables, they contain many vitamins and minerals that are good for health, but this does not mean that you can safely consume them in huge quantities. Beta-carotene, which carrots are rich in, is beneficial for the immune system, but it can also cause discoloration and yellowing of the skin.
The fact is that beta-carotene molecules easily dissolve in fat and accumulate in the upper layers of the skin, which gives it a yellowish tint, as a rule, this is most noticeable on the palms, soles of the feet, knees and nose skin.
This phenomenon, known as carotenemia, is not harmful to health and goes away after a while when foods high in carotene are eliminated from the diet. Carotenemia is most common in children, but can also occur in adults if they regularly consume more than the recommended five milligrams of carotene per day.
By the way, a large amount of carotene in the diet can not only give a person a “carrot” skin color, but also increase the risk of developing cancer in smokers and people working with harmful and toxic substances, while others do not experience this effect of increased carotene consumption, and The reasons for this phenomenon are still unknown.
2. Fish
An unpleasant fact for lovers of tuna sushi - this fish (like any other) can accumulate a huge amount of methylmercury, which in some cases leads to severe poisoning and damage to the nervous system.
Tuna is at the top of one of the food chains, it eats small fish that feed on algae, which absorb methylmercury and heavy metals present in small quantities in seawater. Methylmercury accumulates in the muscle tissue and internal organs of fish and is very slowly excreted from the body.
According to research published in a 2010 issue of Biology Letters, fish used to make sushi in restaurants and sushi bars tend to have higher levels of methylmercury than those sold in supermarkets. These establishments often purchase the largest tuna, which manage to accumulate more harmful substances in the body than small young individuals.
Recently, American experts conducted a large-scale study of fish from 291 reservoirs in the country for mercury content, and it turned out that approximately 25% of fish had mercury content in their body tissues above the safe level, so scientists do not advise eating too much sushi and other seafood dishes , this primarily concerns pregnant women and children. The safe amount of fish consumption for an adult is considered to be about 200 grams per week.
3. Kombucha infusion
The kombucha-based drink, called kombucha in the United States, is believed to have healing properties and boost immunity. Kombucha is a product of symbiosis of yeast-like fungi and some bacteria; depending on the specific conditions in which the mushroom grows, its composition may vary.
The mushroom is obtained from a nutrient solution (most often it is sweet tea): if you pour the tea into a container and then leave it for several days, a layered mucous film forms on its surface, which gradually becomes thicker. Kombucha is finally formed after 5-6 weeks, and every few days it is necessary to wash it and change the nutrient solution.
Many attribute downright miraculous properties to the infusion of kombucha, but in some cases it may contain mold or pathogenic fungus. Several cases of poisoning with kombucha infusion have been reported; in addition, the acetic acid present in the infusion can provoke metabolic acidosis (a shift in the body's acid-base balance), destruction of red blood cells, and sometimes even damage to the liver and kidneys.
Scientists say that a healthy adult can drink about 100 ml of the drink per day without the risk of side effects; more can be harmful to health.
4. Coffee
Many people cannot fully wake up without a cup of strong coffee, while others drink large quantities of it with every meal. Doctors do not recommend drinking more than two to three cups of this wonderful drink per day, which corresponds to 500–600 mg of caffeine. If your caffeine intake range is between 600 and 900 mg, be prepared for side effects such as insomnia, anxiety, tachycardia, muscle cramps, nausea and headache.
There is a known case when caffeine even caused death: a 21-year-old Swede drank an incredible amount of coffee, with which about 10,000 mg of caffeine entered her body, which provoked cardiac arrest. Doctors managed to bring her back to life through defibrillation, but as it turned out, not for long - the woman died three days later.
5. Water
Water, of course, is necessary for a person to live, but one should not think that one can drink as much of it as one wants without harm to health - there is such a thing as water intoxication (water poisoning) or hyperhydria.
Water poisoning occurs when the body's electrolyte imbalance is caused by a decrease in sodium concentration in the blood, and athletes who drink a lot of fluids during exercise are most at risk.
To reduce the risk of water intoxication, experts recommend weighing yourself before and after playing sports to make it easier to control the amount of fluid you drink and sweat.
Sometimes hyperhydria even causes death - as in 2007 in California, when a woman drank too much to win a competition organized by one of the radio stations.
6. Nutmeg
Nutmeg is a common ingredient in confectionery, various dishes and drinks, but in some countries it is used as an inexpensive hallucinogenic drug.
Consuming nutmeg in large quantities after a few hours can cause anxiety, an unaccountable feeling of fear and doom, and sometimes visual hallucinations, psychosis and other distortions in the perception of reality.
As a rule, nutmeg poisoning is not fatal, but there are still several precedents. For example, in 1908, an 8-year-old child died after ingesting 14 grams of nutmeg, and in 2001, a 55-year-old woman died, who, as doctors later stated, died due to a combination of two substances: myristicin contained in nutmeg essential oil, and the sedative flunitrazepam.
Are you in too much of a hurry to eat in the morning? An old French proverb says: “You should eat like a king in the morning, like a prince at noon and like a pauper in the evening.”
The Russian language also has a similar saying: “Eat breakfast yourself, share lunch with a friend, and give dinner to your enemy.” Recently, American and Israeli scientists have scientifically proven why this folk wisdom should be taken quite seriously.
According to a study published in October 2017 in the American Journal of the American College of Cardiology, skipping breakfast puts you at risk of developing atherosclerosis and thickening of the walls of blood vessels, which can lead to fatal consequences. American scientists studied 4,000 middle-aged employees living in Spain for 6 years. 25% of them ate a full breakfast, which accounted for at least 20% of their daily caloric intake. But the vast majority (70%) consumed only 5-20% of their daily calorie intake, and 3% ate little or nothing.
According to the study's report, the latter group "tends to have less healthy eating habits overall and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease." These people also have "the largest waist circumference, high body mass index, high blood pressure, elevated blood lipids, and elevated fasting glucose levels." The researchers observed that people who ate less than 5% of their daily calories for breakfast had, on average, twice as much fatty plaque accumulation in their blood vessels as those who ate a high-calorie breakfast. Moreover, this increased risk appears regardless of other unfavorable factors such as smoking or lack of physical activity.
Continuing this theme is the scientific work of Israeli researchers led by Professor Oren Froy from the Institute of Biochemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, which also shows that it makes sense not to skip breakfast. The negative consequences of this continue virtually all day at the level of metabolic processes, that is, the normal functioning of the body is disrupted.
For France, this problem is especially relevant. According to a 2013 study by Crédoc ( Center de recherche pour l’étude et l’observation des conditions de vie- Living Conditions Research Center), about 30% of children and 20% of adults skip at least one breakfast per week. In 2007 these figures were 13% and 14% respectively.
And the point is not that we will be hungry in the morning, but that the liver works all night to produce sugar from its reserves and release it into the blood to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Our body in general and our brain in particular need this source of energy. The real and surprising problem is that by skipping breakfast, we have disrupted this internal “daily routine” of our body.
Not only the central clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, which determines sleep cycles, but also the peripheral clock, those found in the pancreas, liver, or even muscle (which makes up almost half of body weight) and fat mass, which can account for more 40% of an obese person's weight.
Two years ago, Professor Froy and his colleagues already showed that patients with diabetes had much worse control of their blood sugar levels (insulin resistance), especially after lunch and dinner, when they had not eaten breakfast that same morning.
In a study that was recently published in the journal Diabetes Care November 2017, they proposed a compelling hypothesis to explain this phenomenon. They looked at the activity of biological clock genes in 18 healthy volunteers and 18 people with diabetes and found that these processes were completely deregulated during the day when there was no breakfast before 9.30 am.
“This means that skipping breakfast has a detrimental effect on the regulation of glucose metabolic clock genes and body weight,” says Dr. Daniela Jakubowicz of the Sackler School of Medicine at Tel Aviv University, one of the authors of the paper. "This also means that Skipping breakfast can cause you to gain weight and raise your blood sugar levels even if you don't eat more than usual the rest of the day," she adds.
In addition, “the study emphasizes The Importance of Breakfast as a Blood Sugar Control Strategy for Type 2 Diabetes“confirms Professor Marta Garaulet, professor of physiology at the University of Murcia (Spain) and international specialist in the chronobiology of obesity. “Since the circadian clock (these are cyclical fluctuations in the intensity of various biological processes in the human body associated with the change of day and night , - approx. translator) also equally regulate blood pressure, heart rate, cardiovascular activity, adipose tissue and other organs involved in the metabolic process, she explains. Synchronizing meals can affect overall metabolism and the chronic complications of obesity and type 2 diabetes. "
The Israeli study is also part of a continuation of a medical chronobiology program led by Dr Frank Scheer in Boston, USA, which showed the metabolic consequences of eating and sleeping disorders among shift workers. “Professor Shier saw the appearance of metabolic disorders after 8 days, while we observed even four or five hours after skipping breakfast,” concludes Dr. Daniela Jakubowicz.
Our grandparents were right - breakfast is truly the most important meal of the day.
Translation from French “National Bariatric Practice”, 2018
A source of information: Le Figaro Santé, by Damien Mascret, published 12/05/2017
