Angina

Signs of urolithiasis in people. Urolithiasis of the kidneys

Stones in the kidneys, ureter, and bladder are a problem that many patients who come to see a urologist learn about. Difficulty urinating, painful or mild pain in the abdomen, lower back, change in urine color is a reason to consult a doctor.

Why does urolithiasis develop in women? Symptoms and treatment of pathology, complications in advanced forms, types of stones, possible complications described in the article.

Causes

Pathology of the urinary system develops over a long period of time. Urologists pay attention to the complex impact of negative factors.

Poor nutrition bad habits, chronic pathologies increase the risk of calculus (stones) formation. Urolithiasis or urolithiasis actively develops due to metabolic disorders, influence of external and internal factors.

The main causes of urolithiasis:

violation of the acidity level of urine;
poor environment, low quality tap water;
level uric acid exceeds the norm (deviations are shown by blood and urine tests);
accumulation of harmful salts: phosphates, oxalates, carbonates;
chemical composition of soil and plants in the region of residence;
low physical activity;
violation of the principles of healthy eating, excess in the menu of fried, spicy, over-salted dishes, foods containing purines. The accumulation of uric acid salts and excess calcium intake provokes the formation of urates, oxalates, and phosphates;
infectious pathologies of the urinary system;
chronic diseases of the digestive system;
congenital kidney pathologies, bladder;
prolonged immobility in severe illness, after surgical intervention with complications or injury;
improper production of hormones;
genetic disorders.

Types of stones:

oxalates;
urates;
phosphates.

Characteristic signs and symptoms

General signs of urolithiasis:

pain syndrome. The intensity of discomfort and the area of localization depend on the location of the source of the disease;
problems with emptying the bladder;
nausea;
weakness;
renal colic;
vomit.

The location of the stones is easy to determine by the characteristic symptoms:

kidneys Aching, dull pain in the upper back, blood in the urine, problems with urination. Discomfort increases when lifting weights, after working out in the gym;
ureter. The calculus disrupts the flow of urine and blocks the canal. Painful sensations appear in the groin area, hips, and genitals. When the stone is located in the lower part of the ureter, the patient feels that even after emptying the bladder is full, but the next attempt to urinate ends in minimal fluid release. Danger sign in women - renal colic. Sharp pain affects not only the abdominal area, but also spreads to the hypochondrium, perineal area, and legs. The symptoms are similar to those of radiculitis and intercostal neuralgia;
bladder. The main symptom of the disease is frequent urge to urination, discomfort increases after physical activity. Emptying the bladder is difficult, the urine becomes cloudy, and sometimes blood clots are visible in the fluid.

Diagnostics

What tests need to be taken to confirm or refute the diagnosis of urolithiasis? Doctors prescribe comprehensive examination to clarify the size, area of localization of stones in the kidneys, bladder and ureter.

The patient submits:

blood test. Doctors are interested in the level of creatinine, uric acid and total protein;
general clinical urine analysis to clarify the level of red blood cells and white blood cells.

Diagnosis of urolithiasis:

survey urography to understand the size of the stone and the location of the stone;
excretory urography using a contrast agent;
Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the kidneys and bladder.

Urolithiasis code according to ICD - 10 - N20-N23.

General rules and methods of treatment

Main directions:

If you consult a specialist in a timely manner, if the stones are small, drug therapy and diet help. During the procedures, the urologist crushes small, medium-sized stones into outpatient setting;
at advanced cases for urolithiasis, surgical treatment is prescribed; the choice of method is influenced by the size of the stones;
during the rehabilitation period, in initial stage diseases good effect gives herbal treatment in combination with taking medications;
additionally prescribed physical therapy(physical therapy);
Mandatory elements of therapy are diet correction, cessation of alcohol and smoking, and moderate physical activity.

How to relieve pain during an attack

Helpful Tips:

first and prerequisite- call an ambulance;
relief of dangerous symptoms is carried out in a hospital setting;
Before the doctors arrive, you need to give the patient an antispasmodic tablet. Drotaverine, No-Shpa, Spazmalgon, Baralgin. Analgesics reduce pain: Codeine, Indomethacin, Paracetamol, Ketorol, Ketoprofen. It is necessary to strictly observe the dosage of painkillers;
Doctors recommend giving plenty of fluids. The water should be warm enough; ice-cold and hot drinks increase the load on the kidneys;
if there is doubt about the diagnosis, only painkillers and antispasmodics are allowed. Incorrect actions often worsen the patient's condition.

Warning! A hot heating pad on the lumbar area alleviates the condition. Doctors explain: this method is allowed only if you are sure that you are worried about an attack of renal colic. For pain with right side Inflammation of the appendix is possible; heat only accelerates the rupture of the appendix.

Medications

The urologist selects drugs for a complex effect on the tissues of the kidneys, ureter and bladder. With drug treatment, the strength of the inflammatory process decreases and the patient’s condition improves. How smaller size stones, the easier it is to break them down and remove them from the body without serious discomfort.

Effective drugs:

Phytolysin.
Ibuprofen.
Canephron.
Olimethine.
Uronephron.
Cyston.
Naproxen.

To expand the lumen of the ureters, reduce muscle tone, and reduce the severity of pain associated with urolithiasis, hormonal drugs are prescribed. This type of medication can only be taken under the supervision of a specialist: self-medication for systemic use threatens serious complications.

Effective names:

Prednisolone.
Glucagon.
Progesterone.

To relieve spasms and reduce pain, antispasmodics and analgesics are prescribed:

No-shpa.
Platifilin.
Spasmalgon.
Papazol.
Tramadol.
Indomethacin.

Folk remedies and recipes

Herbal decoctions facilitate the release of sand and stones, reduce discomfort and the severity of the inflammatory process. Fees from medicinal plants, fresh and dried fruits in the treatment of urolithiasis in women can only be consumed as prescribed by a urologist. To select the “right” herbs, it is important to take into account the size and nature of the stones: different salts require certain names for the preparation of herbal remedies.

The choice of plants depends on the type of stones:

urates. Parsley, St. John's wort, lingonberry, horsetail, birch leaves, dill seeds;
oxalates. Corn silk, mint, horsetail, knotweed, strawberry leaves;
phosphates. Bearberry, parsley, lingonberry leaves, calamus root, St. John's wort.

Diet and nutrition rules for illness

An incorrect diet and the predominance of foods that accelerate the formation of stones are one of the causes of problems in the organs of the urinary system. It is important to draw up a menu for urolithiasis under the guidance of an experienced doctor. Eating inappropriate types of food interferes with treatment and provokes the accumulation of urates, carbonates, and other types of salts.

Nutrition rules:

give up spicy fried foods, do not eat pickles, smoked meats, ready-made sauces, forget about foods and drinks with dyes and preservatives;
steaming, baking - optimal ways heat treatment of products;
meals - 4-5 times a day, after meals a leisurely walk is useful for better absorption of dishes;
per day you need to drink 2-2.5 liters of clean water;
beer, wine, strong alcohol are prohibited.

Go to the address and read about why your kidneys hurt and how to treat pain.

The diet for urolithiasis in women depends on the type of stones:

phosphates. Alkaline mineral waters, whole and skim milk, berries, cottage cheese, potatoes, green vegetables, and beans are not suitable. Hard cheese, pumpkin, and spices should also not be eaten. Healthy: parsley, grapes, pears, sauerkraut, vegetable oil, kefir. You can eat green apples and red currants;
urates. Products that increase uric acid levels are not suitable: veal, beef, poultry, fatty fish, offal. You should not eat eggs or grains in large quantities. Dairy products, fruits, vegetables, juices, berries are healthy. Nutritionists recommend sweet apples, potatoes, melons, carrots, beets;
oxalates. It is important to reduce the level of calcium oxalate and reduce the acidity of urine. Doctors do not recommend consuming foods with high content oxalic acid: cranberries, sorrel, citrus fruits, legumes. Mineral water and rosehip decoction are useful.

Outpatient procedures

Stone crushing is possible on an outpatient basis. The decision to perform minimally invasive procedures is made by the urologist based on the results of ultrasound, blood and urine tests. It is important to consider the size of the stones, general condition patient.

Procedures for crushing and removing stones:

urethroscopy. During the session, the urologist crushes stones that interfere with the passage of urine, causing painful renal colic in women;
shock wave lithotripsy. The method is suitable for crushing stones up to 2 cm in size located in the upper part of the ureters. Larger lesions require anesthesia. The non-invasive procedure is the least traumatic and gives a positive result.

Exercise

Physical activity is one of the elements in the fight against the accumulation of harmful salts. During treatment and the rehabilitation period, moderate exercise is useful. The doctor prescribes special gymnastics - exercise therapy. The complex is designed so as not to overload the body, but to work out the necessary departments.

Useful exercises:

for stretching;
for the abdominals, buttocks and thighs;
for back muscles;
swimming;
walking;
cycling;
skiing;
general strengthening exercises.

Note! It is useful to take a knee-elbow position for a third of an hour every day. During exercise, the outflow of fluid from the lower part of the kidneys improves.

Surgical intervention

If the effectiveness of therapy on an outpatient basis is low, large size stones, high risk complications due to advanced stages of urolithiasis in women, surgical intervention is performed.

Types of operations:

percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The optimal method using endoscopic instruments. Through a puncture in the kidney, the doctor removes the hard formation;
laparoscopy in the kidney area. The method is used if the stones are so large that other types of operations are difficult to perform. The doctor inserts a video camera and several instruments into the abdominal cavity, and after removing the stones, the ureter is sutured. Average term hospital stay - up to four days.

Prevention of urolithiasis

refusal of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes;
proper nutrition;
control of metabolic processes;
weight correction if you have extra pounds;
limited consumption of protein foods;
physical education (without heavy loads);
normalization of mental balance;
regular (every two to three months) visits to the urologist.

In case of urolithiasis in women, one should not tolerate attacks of renal colic, take analgesics uncontrollably, or delay the start of therapy. Important to remember: If the stones are large, surgical intervention and a serious process of treatment and rehabilitation are required. In advanced forms of urolithiasis, it is possible dangerous complications, including the most difficult thing - the death of a kidney.

In medicine, urolithiasis is usually called urolithiasis and abbreviated as ICD. It is characterized by the presence of one or more stones (calculi) in one of the parts of the urinary system - the kidneys, ureter or bladder.

This disease, in addition to a possible severe course, can have negative complications including the development of renal failure.

Urolithiasis in women is diagnosed much less often than in men, but despite these statistics, a considerable number of women of all ages suffer from it.

Typically, urolithiasis is characterized by the presence of formations in one kidney or on one side of the ureter or bladder. And only in 15% of cases are stones present in both kidneys or on both sides of these parts of the urinary system. Almost all patients have a certain type of stones – coral stones.

Causes of urolithiasis

The mechanism of development of the disease in each woman is individual and complex. It is almost impossible to identify any specific cause of urolithiasis. However, doctors have named several external and internal factors that contribute to the appearance of insoluble compounds in the urinary system, which subsequently undergo changes - transform into stones.

That is why, if you suspect the presence of urolithiasis and to prevent its further development, it is necessary to undergo a series of studies, including a urine test.

Exogenous (external) predisposing factors

Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle.
Taking certain medications that are prescribed to treat diseases such as HIV malignant neoplasms, pyelonephritis.
Sedentary work.
Wrong diet.
Constant use drinking water with a certain chemical composition.
Ecology and climatic conditions of the region of residence.

Endogenous (internal) predisposing factors

The presence of certain diseases that provoke an increase in the level of urea, oxalates, calcium and cystine in the body, as well as changes in blood pH. Such pathologies include, for example, gout, tumor neoplasms, and cirrhosis of the liver.
Disruption digestive system organs.
Functional hormonal imbalances.
The presence of congenital pathologies.
Immune system dysfunction.
Genetic predisposition.
Changes in urine acidity levels.
Endocrine diseases.
The presence of acute or chronic infection in the urinary system.

Competent specialists have reason to assert that with simultaneous exposure to several the listed factors on a woman’s body, there is a high probability of developing urolithiasis.

Classification of stones

Depending on their composition, stones are divided into 4 classes.

Substances that make up stones	Reasons for education
1. Cystine	Hereditary factor (extremely rare type)
2. Urea	Persistent excess of urea concentration in urine and/or blood
3. Ammonia, magnesium	Infection in urine
4. Calcium, phosphates, oxalates	Excessive levels of these substances in the blood and urine

When making a diagnosis, in addition to research results, the symptoms of urolithiasis in women are of great importance, since they depend on the location of the stones, their structure, quantitative indicator, shape and size. Below are the main symptoms indicating the occurrence of urolithiasis.

1. Deterioration in general health

This is a fairly common manifestation that can indicate development pathological processes in the body, as well as about minor disorders accompanied by reversible processes (for example, fatigue, lack of sleep).

This painful condition begins with chills, which does not stop for a long time. Most often, this indicates not only the occurrence of pathology, but also the development of pyelonephritis.

If urolithiasis is suspected, it is recommended to take a urine test first. If leukocytes are found in its composition, disappointing diagnosis will most likely be confirmed.

2. The appearance of blood in the urine

This symptom of urolithiasis is medically called hematuria. In some cases, the amount of blood in the urine is so small that its presence can only be detected by microscopic examination.

The situation is spectrally opposite if the urine noticeably changes its color. It can acquire a pale pink or rich red tint. This phenomenon is commonly called macrohematuria. The presence of blood in the urine is due to the fact that dense stones with sharp edges damage the walls of the ureter.

3. Pain syndrome

The vast majority of patients suffering from urolithiasis note that the pain occurs periodically and is paroxysmal in nature. As a rule, an attack begins with aching pain, which subsequently intensify.

4. Unexpected interruption of the urinary stream

This symptom indicates that the stones are most likely localized in the bladder. Urination is difficult and frequent. This symptom may be “faint” or pronounced, since urolithiasis manifests itself differently in women.

Depending on which part of the urinary system the stones are located in, a certain nature and severity of symptoms are observed.

Localization of stones	Characteristic symptoms
Bladder	1. Heaviness in the area of one of the hypochondrium, perineum, lower abdomen, genitals 2. Frequent and difficult urination, which is accompanied by pain 3. Cloudy urine 4. Blood in urine
Ureter	1. Feeling that the bladder does not empty completely 2. Pain in the genital area, thighs and groin 3. Renal colic 4. Acute pain in the abdominal area, which can radiate to the perineum and lower limbs 5. Attacks of nausea and repeated vomiting
Kidneys	1. Dull pain in the upper lumbar region 2. Presence of blood in urine

Important to know! - Urolithiasis can be asymptomatic and discovered completely by accident, for example, during an examination of any internal organs. Stones can remain in one or several parts of the urinary system for years and not make themselves felt in any way, not provoke the appearance of symptoms or any discomfort.

Diagnosis of urolithiasis

The difficulty of diagnosing ICD lies in the need to differentiate it (separation, determination of differences) from many other pathologies, among which are:

Presence of stones in the gallbladder;
Peptic ulcer in the acute stage;
Violation of the course of pregnancy (both during uterine and ectopic development of the fetus);
Inflammation of the appendix.

Diagnosis of urolithiasis includes:

Examination by a specialist and medical history. The urologist will definitely ask the patient when the first symptoms appeared, what their nature and severity were, whether she was treated for urolithiasis previously, whether there were any disorders of the immune system and a number of other questions;
Biochemical and general clinical blood test;
Laboratory examination of urine. This includes biochemistry, sensitivity to antibacterial drugs, sowing, degree of acidity;
Condition assessment urinary tract;
Kidney research using radioisotope and biochemical techniques;
Ultrasound and CT of all parts of the urinary system;
A study to determine the degree of stone density;
Carrying out urography. It can be carried out by two methods - excretory (injected contrast agent) and overview (pictures of the affected areas are taken).

Treatment of urolithiasis, drugs

Conservative treatment of urolithiasis is carried out taking into account complex and systematic approach, involves taking certain medications. Medicines are prescribed depending on the composition of the stones:

Diuretics, anti-inflammatory and diphosphonates (if the detected stones are of phosphate etiology). With this course of ICD, many doctors recommend home treatment herbs as an adjuvant therapy;
Citrate suppositories, diuretics and vitamins (if stones are of oxalate etiology);
Medicines that slow down the process of urea synthesis. Drugs are also prescribed that change the degree of acidity of urine, which leads to the dissolution of stones (in the presence of stones of urate etiology).

If necessary, relieve pain, for example, with renal colic, you can take antispasmodics and analgesics. To eliminate the infection, the doctor may prescribe antibacterial drugs.

Surgical treatment

This treatment method is required only if the urinary tract is completely blocked by large stones. In particularly advanced situations, when treatment of urolithiasis was “postponed for later” or carried out incorrectly at home, part of the kidney tissue is removed along with the stones.

Common and least traumatic surgical methods for removing stones from the urinary system are endoscopy and laparoscopy.

Another method of removing stones is lithotripsy - it is prescribed if the patient is contraindicated surgery. Stones are crushed using ultrasonic waves.

The main advantages are complete absence blood loss and short duration rehabilitation period. Using highly sensitive sensors, the exact location of the stones is determined, which subsequently crush and come out on their own.

Treatment of urolithiasis at home

Effective treatment of urolithiasis in women at home consists of independently taking medications prescribed by a doctor, vitamin and mineral complexes, performing certain physical exercises, following a drinking regime and an appropriate diet.

Most commonly prescribed drugs and medications

Group of drugs	Drug names
Anti-inflammatory	Indomethacin Ibuprofen Acetomenophen Ketorolac
Antibacterial	Cilastatin Gentamicin Amikacin Ceftriaxone Gatifloxacin
Antispasmodics	Drotaverine Mebeverine Scopalamine Otyponium bromide
Analgesics	Voltaren Diclomax
Diuretics	Furosemide Aldactone Veroshpiron
Vitamins	Groups B

It is important to understand!
So that treatment at home has the maximum positive results and passed without complications, you must strictly adhere to the instructions of your doctor.

Treatment of urolithiasis with folk remedies

For effective treatment of urolithiasis in women, it is advisable to turn to methods traditional medicine which should be used as adjunctive therapy. The most effective folk remedies that will help cope with urolithiasis are:

herbs and herbal teas(tinctures, decoctions);
fruits of medicinal plants;
natural honey;
some root vegetables;
some legumes;
milk.

Below are three effective recipes that will help dissolve stones, provoke their removal and ease the pain associated with the course of these processes.

Recipe No. 1

This method of removing stones involves taking two decoctions. The first decoction is prepared from rosehip roots. They need to be crushed using a coffee grinder to end up with 50 g of dry powder. Then add 700 ml of water to the powder and leave to simmer for 15 minutes.

After this, prepare an infusion of bearberry. To do this, pour boiling water (300 ml) over dried or fresh herbs (about 30 g), leave for about 2 hours. You need to take the first remedy three times a day after meals, 300 ml. 25 minutes after consuming it, you should take 100 ml of bearberry infusion.

Recipe No. 2

Place pre-washed and crushed yarrow (50 g) in a glass container; you can use flowers and grass. Pour 250 ml of high-quality vodka into the flower-herbal mixture. Seal the container and place in a cool, dark place for 7 days. At the end of the infusion period, strain the vodka through a fine strainer until only liquid remains. Take the product three times a day, 20 ml after meals.

Recipe No. 3

This method consists of two stages. First, mix a glass of natural honey with 10 g of calamus rhizome, crushed to a powder state. Mixing should occur by melting honey and powder in a water bath for 10 minutes. After this, mix the resulting mixture thoroughly. Don't be surprised this remedy will taste very bitter.

The second stage is to prepare the infusion. Mix natural honey with black radish juice, then fill the mixture with vodka. There should be 70 ml of each ingredient. Leave the product in a dry, cool and dark place for 3 days.

These folk remedies should not be taken without examination and consultation with a doctor! If the stones are large, such treatment is unacceptable!

Urolithiasis during pregnancy is quite rare. If the disease has no complications and is asymptomatic, it cannot provide negative influence on fetal development and pregnancy.

The situation is completely opposite if urolithiasis is complicated. In this case, consequences such as gestosis, miscarriage or premature onset of labor may occur.

Treatment of urolithiasis in pregnant women is, as a rule, conservative and consists of following a diet that directly depends on the nature of the disorder mineral metabolism in the body. If the expectant mother suffers from acute pain, she may be prescribed analgesics and antispasmodics.

For the treatment of urolithiasis during pregnancy contraindicated:

take baths;
use heating pads;
apply warm compresses;
self-medicate using folk remedies.

Surgery during pregnancy is carried out in extreme cases. Indications for this method of treatment for MBC are the presence of:

anuria, accompanied by blockage of the urinary canals;
septic condition;
pyonephrosis;
calculous pyelonephritis.

Diet for urolithiasis in women

Compliance with a certain diet is an integral part of the therapeutic program, which allows you to stop further formation of stones in the urinary system, as well as suppress the growth of existing stones.

The diet for urolithiasis in women is based on the following principles:

Systematic consumption of food. Ideally, you should eat around the same time. It is not recommended to skip meals, this can lead to increased stone formation and worsening well-being;
Don't overeat. Food that enters the stomach in large volumes will only worsen the situation;
Drink about 2-3 liters of regular still water per day. This will increase the volume of urine excreted;
Don't eat excessively high-calorie foods. Energy value products must correspond to the energy costs that occur in reality;
The diet should be enriched with foods rich in vitamins and amino acids.

Diet and nutrition for urolithiasis depends on the pH and composition of the stones. Depending on them, doctors have compiled a list of products whose consumption is contraindicated in a particular case.

If you have phosphate stones, you should not use:

vegetables with green skin and/or pulp;
pumpkin, including its seeds;
legumes;
potato;
any spices;
spicy dishes;
dairy products.

If the stones are of urate origin, you should not take:

meat broths;
fried and spicy foods;
offal;
alcoholic drinks;
coffee;
chocolate, cocoa;
protein of animal origin.

If you have oxalate stones, you should avoid using:

dairy products;
legumes;
cheeses of any kind;
nuts;
citrus fruits;
strawberries and wild strawberries;
lettuce leaves;
spinach;
sorrel;
cocoa, coffee and tea.

Possible complications

If there is no tendency to excrete stones over a long period of time, progressive inhibition of the functions of the urinary system occurs. The most common complications of urolithiasis in women include:

Anemia due to constant blood loss;
. Such a complication may lead to the development of nephrosclerosis;
Pyonephrosis, which is a consequence of pyelonephritis of a purulent-destructive form, which is in the terminal stage of its development. A kidney affected by pyonephrosis consists of many cavities that are filled with urine, toxic agents and purulent exudate;
Kidney failure in acute form. This complication occurs in in rare cases when the patient is missing one kidney or has stones in both kidneys;
Disorder of the hematopoietic functions of the kidneys;
Paranephritis, characterized by the presence of carbuncles, pustules or abscesses in the kidney tissue. This leads to development and is an indication for surgery;
Chronic inflammatory processes with foci of localization in the areas where stones are located. In unfavorable situations, for example, when the patient’s body becomes hypothermic or suffers from an acute respiratory infection, inflammatory process may go into an exacerbation stage.

Prevention of urolithiasis

Don't eat foods that are too high in calories.
Don't overeat.
Eliminate or limit salt intake if possible.
Do not eat foods high in animal and plant lipids (fats).
Do not expose your body to hypothermia. Special attention It is worth paying attention to the lower back.
Drink more still water. The minimum is 1.5 liters per day.
Balance your diet. Eat foods high in amino acids, vitamins and beneficial microelements.
Eliminate or limit your intake of fried, spicy, and canned foods.

If you experience the slightest discomfort or pain in the abdomen, lower back or lower extremities, immediately contact a urologist. Sticking to preventive measures, you will reduce the risk of developing urolithiasis to a minimum.

Urolithiasis (ICD-10 code N20-N23) is common among women and men. Other names for the pathology are nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis. If a person is diagnosed with urolithiasis, this means that there are calculi (stones) in the renal collecting system. The size and number of such stones depend on the type of pathology.

Nephrolithiasis is divided into 3 types depending on how many stones are present in the urinary tract.

There are:

single;
multiple;
coral stones.

According to the number of relapses, nephrolithiasis is:

primary;
recurrent;
residual.

By its nature, the pathology can be:

infectious;
non-infectious.

Stones can form in:

calyxes of the kidneys;
ureter;
bladder;
urethra.

Reasons

There are many reasons that lead to urolithiasis:

Inactive lifestyle.
If you eat too salty foods, your metabolism will become more difficult: the problem will contribute to the development of this pathology. You should not abuse food with a lot of protein.
Ecology.
The disease often develops against the background of vitamin deficiency and nutrients. It can occur with a lack of calcium and potassium.
A predisposing factor is excess weight.
Bad habits.
Hereditary.
If you abuse ascorbic acid or calcium supplements, sand will accumulate in the kidneys and urinary tract.
Abnormality associated with the kidneys.
Sometimes the pathology in question occurs against the background of Crohn's disease.
Nephrolithiasis may be caused by resection of the ileum.
Hyperthyroidism.

Symptoms

If the disease progresses, the person develops distinct pain syndromes. They have different frequency and intensity. Urolithiasis can become chronic: in parallel with this disease, it will arise. If the lesion affects both kidneys, chronic kidney disease develops. renal failure. To detect the disease in time, you should pay attention to:

Renal colic of a paroxysmal nature. A person feels pain from the affected kidneys, and the unpleasant sensations radiate to the genital area.
With nephrolithiasis, nausea occurs, which can later lead to vomiting.
Increased gas formation (flatulence) is another symptom of nephrolithiasis.
With this pathology, chills may be felt.
The temperature rises to subfebrile levels.
Some patients experience increased breathing and dry mouth.
Hematuria (blood clots in urine) is another sign of urolithiasis.

Pathology often leads to obstructive pyelonephritis, acute. If unilateral nephrolithiasis is diagnosed, atrophy of the renal parenchyma is possible.

The manifestation of the disease depends on whether there is an infection in the body. A large stone may be present in the renal parenchyma, but urodynamics will be normal and the doctor will not detect a secondary infection during diagnosis. In this case, the disease may not show symptoms.

With nephrolithiasis, most patients experience pain in the right side: discomfort associated with inflammation of the fibrous capsule. If there is a stone in the pelvis, the outflow of urine is disrupted.

Diagnostics

The doctor listens to the patient's complaints, mandatory identifies risk factors. The following are the procedures:

Physical examination involves palpation of the hypochondrium and the entire surface of the abdomen. This examination helps to identify pain syndrome.
The doctor also conducts differential diagnostics. It makes it possible to distinguish renal colic from cholecystitis and acute appendicitis.
Required general analysis blood and urine.
If nephrolithiasis proceeds without complications, it is worth performing chemical analysis stone and identify what microelements it consists of.

Traditional treatment

To eliminate pain, the doctor prescribes:

Ibuprofen, Tramadol or Indomethacin.
Diclofenac is effective: the drug eliminates pain and reduces the likelihood of its recurrence. Diclofenac helps get rid of swelling of the ureter.
Your doctor may prescribe thiazides: these medications are taken to increase the reabsorption of micronutrients.
Citrate medications can be used for treatment, however, but they are not effective in every case.
Antibacterial therapy is mandatory.

Abundant fluid intake. It is important to consume 1 - 2 liters of water per day. If nephrolithiasis is diagnosed, the patient is registered at the dispensary. The average duration of therapy is 5 years. During the treatment process, correction of metabolic failures is necessary.

The size of the stone may not affect the nature of the treatment. When selecting therapeutic tactics The doctor must take into account the location of the stones, their composition, and the presence of an inflammatory process. Surgical treatment prescribed if drug therapy has failed.

Traditional treatment

Alternative medicine offers many effective remedies:

To treat the pathology in question, an extract of the Madder plant is used. You need to take 3 tablets of this and dissolve it in 100 ml of water. The medicine is taken 2 times a day, 100 ml. The course of treatment is 25 days.
Herbal decoctions have an antiseptic effect. The first healing mixture includes 40 g of parsley, the same amount of juniper berries and bearberry leaves. 20 g of dandelion are added to the mixture. The medicine is boiled and infused for 5 minutes. You need to take 150 ml 2 times a day.
Carrot juice is effective in the fight against nephrolithiasis. To prepare it, you need to take 70 g of carrots and grate them. You should get a paste: pour 2 tbsp. water. carrot juice should sit for 10 hours. It should be warmed up before use.

Find out even more recipes and methods for removing stones at home.

Diet

To prevent the disease from worsening, you need to eat right. For urolithiasis, the following are allowed:

berries, fruits, watermelon is especially useful;
Boiled potatoes, rice, oatmeal are allowed;
cabbage salads, cucumbers, greens;
Drinks include decoctions of berries and herbs;
clarified juices.

To prevent the pathology from reoccurring and causing painful symptoms, you should give up spicy, very salty, peppery foods. If stones are formed from uric acid, a diet is simply necessary! You should eat less meat. Also prohibited are foods that are difficult to digest: chips, snacks, fast food, canned food, buns, chocolate.

Not an additional, but a mandatory point in full recovery.

Prevention

To reduce the chance of this disease occurring you need to:

To avoid this disease, you need to lead an active lifestyle.
You should not abuse ascorbic acid and medications that contain calcium.
It is important to ensure the prevention of vitamin deficiency.
You can't overexert yourself physically.
From time to time you need to massage: massage your entire stomach, legs, back, buttocks.
It is necessary to include healthy foods in your diet plant foods. It is important to give up fast food and drinks with dyes.

You can learn more about urolithiasis and how to avoid it by watching this video.

Metabolic disease caused by for various reasons, often hereditary in nature, characterized by the formation of stones in the urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder or urethra). Stones can form at any level of the urinary tract, from the renal parenchyma, in the ureters, in the bladder and ending with the urethra.

The disease can be asymptomatic and manifest as pain. varying intensity in the lumbar region or renal colic.

The history of the names of urinary stones is very fascinating. For example, struvite (or tripyelophosphate), named after the Russian diplomat and naturalist G. H. von Struve (1772-1851). Previously, these stones were called guanites because they were often found in bats.

Stones made from calcium oxalate dihydrate (oxalates) are often called weddelites because. the same stones are found in rock samples taken from the bottom of the Weddell Sea in Antarctica.

Prevalence of urolithiasis

Urolithiasis is widespread, and in many countries around the world there is an increasing trend in incidence.

In the CIS countries there are areas where this disease is especially common:

Ural;
Volga region;
Don and Kama basins;
Transcaucasia.

Among foreign regions it is more common in such areas as:

Asia Minor;
Northern Australia;
North East Africa;
Southern regions of North America.

In Europe, urolithiasis is widespread in:

Scandinavian countries;
England;
the Netherlands;
South-East France;
South of Spain;
Italy;
Southern regions of Germany and Austria;
Hungary;
Throughout South-Eastern Europe.

In many countries of the world, including Russia, urolithiasis is diagnosed in 32-40% of cases of all urological diseases, and ranks second after infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Urolithiasis is detected at any age, most often in working age (20-55 years). In children's and old age- cases of primary detection are very rare. Men get sick 3 times more often than women, but staghorn stones are most often found in women (up to 70%). In most cases, stones form in one of the kidneys, but in 9-17% of cases, urolithiasis is bilateral.

Kidney stones can be single or multiple (up to 5000 stones). The size of the stones is very different - from 1 mm, to giant ones - more than 10 cm and weighing up to 1000 g.

Causes of urolithiasis

Currently, there is no unified theory of the causes of the development of urolithiasis. Urolithiasis is a multifactorial disease, has complex, diverse development mechanisms and various chemical forms.

The main mechanism of the disease is considered to be congenital - a slight metabolic disorder, which leads to the formation of insoluble salts that form into stones. By chemical structure There are different stones - urates, phosphates, oxalates, etc. However, even if there is a congenital predisposition to urolithiasis, it will not develop if there are no predisposing factors.

The formation of urinary stones is based on the following metabolic disorders:

hyperuricemia (increased levels of uric acid in the blood);
hyperuricuria (increased levels of uric acid in urine);
hyperoxaluria (increased levels of oxalate salts in the urine);
hypercalciuria (increased levels of calcium salts in the urine);
hyperphosphaturia (increased levels of phosphate salts in the urine);
change in urine acidity.

In the occurrence of these metabolic changes, some authors give preference to the effects external environment(exogenous factors), others - endogenous reasons, although their interaction is often observed.

Exogenous causes of urolithiasis:

climate;
geological soil structure;
chemical composition of water and flora;
food and drinking regime;
living conditions (monotonous, sedentary lifestyle and recreation);
working conditions (harmful industries, hot workshops, hard physical labor, etc.).

Food and drinking regimes of the population - total calorie content of food, abuse of animal protein, salt, products containing large quantities calcium, oxalic and ascorbic acids, lack of vitamins A and B in the body play a significant role in the development of KSD.

Endogenous causes of urolithiasis:

infections of both the urinary tract and outside the urinary system (tonsillitis, furunculosis, osteomyelitis, salpingoophoritis);
metabolic diseases (gout, hyperparathyroidism);
deficiency, absence or hyperactivity of a number of enzymes;
severe injuries or illnesses associated with prolonged immobilization of the patient;
diseases digestive tract, liver and biliary tract;
hereditary predisposition to urolithiasis.

Factors such as gender and age play a certain role in the genesis of urolithiasis: men are affected 3 times more often than women.

Along with the general causes of an endogenous and exogenous nature in the formation of urinary stones, local changes in the urinary tract (developmental anomalies, additional vessels, narrowing, etc.) are also of undeniable importance. causing disturbance their functions.

Symptoms of urolithiasis

Most characteristic symptoms urolithiasis are:

pain in the lumbar region- can be constant or periodic, dull or acute. The intensity, localization and radiation of pain depend on the location and size of the stone, the degree and severity of obstruction, as well as individual structural features urinary tract.

Large pelvic stones and coral kidney stones are inactive and cause dull pain, often constant, in the lumbar region. Urolithiasis is characterized by an association of pain with movement, shaking, riding, and heavy physical activity.

For small stones, attacks of renal colic are most typical, which is associated with their migration and a sharp disruption of the outflow of urine from the calyx or pelvis. Pain in the lumbar region often radiates along the ureter, to the iliac region. As stones move into the lower third of the ureter, the irradiation of pain changes; they begin to spread lower into the groin area, into the testicle, glans penis in men and labia in women. An imperative urge to urinate, frequent urination, and dysuria appear.

renal colic- paroxysmal pain caused by a stone, occurs suddenly after driving, shaking, copious amounts of liquid, or alcohol. Patients constantly change position, cannot find a place for themselves, often moan and even scream. This characteristic behavior of the patient often makes it possible to establish a diagnosis “at a distance.” The pain sometimes continues for several hours or even days, periodically subsiding. The cause of renal colic is a sudden disruption of the outflow of urine from the calyces or pelvis caused by occlusion (of the upper urinary tract) by a stone. Quite often, an attack of renal colic can be accompanied by chills, fever, and leukocytosis.
nausea, vomiting, bloating, abdominal muscle tension, hematuria, pyuria, dysuria- symptoms often accompanying renal colic.
spontaneous stone passage
extremely rarely - obstructive anuria(with a solitary kidney and bilateral ureteral stones)

In children, none of specified symptoms are not typical for urolithiasis.

Kidney calyx stones

Obstruction and renal colic can be caused by caliceal stones.

For small stones, pain usually occurs intermittently during transient obstruction. The pain is dull, varies in intensity and is felt deep in the lower back. It may worsen after drinking heavily. In addition to obstruction, the cause of pain may be inflammation of the renal calyx due to infection or accumulation of tiny crystals of calcium salts.

Kidney calyx stones are usually multiple, but small, so they should pass spontaneously. If the stone remains in the renal calyx despite the flow of urine, then the likelihood of obstruction is very high.

Pain caused by small caliceal stones usually disappears after extracorporeal lithotripsy.

Renal pelvis stones

Renal pelvis stones with a diameter of more than 10 mm. usually cause obstruction of the ureteropelvic segment. In this case, there arises severe pain in the costovertebral angle below the 12th rib. The nature of the pain varies from dull to excruciatingly acute, its intensity is usually constant. The pain often radiates to the lateral abdomen and hypochondrium. It is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

A staghorn stone that occupies all or part of the renal pelvis does not always cause urinary tract obstruction. Clinical manifestations are often scant. Only mild pain in the lower back is possible. In this regard, coral stones are a finding during examination for recurrent urinary tract infections. If left untreated, they can lead to serious complications.

Stones of the upper and middle part of the ureter

Top stones or middle third ureter often cause severe sharp pain in the lower back.

If the stone moves along the ureter, periodically causing obstruction, the pain is not constant, but more intense.

If the stone is immovable, the pain is less intense, especially with partial obstruction. With immovable stones that cause severe obstruction, compensatory mechanisms are activated that reduce pressure on the kidney, thereby reducing pain.

With a stone in the upper third of the ureter, the pain radiates to the lateral parts of the abdomen, with a stone in the middle third - to the iliac region, in the direction from the lower edge of the ribs to the inguinal ligament.

Lower ureteral stones

Stone pain lower third the ureter often radiates to the scrotum or vulva. Clinical picture may resemble testicular torsion or acute epididymitis.

A stone located in the intramural part of the ureter (at the level of the entrance to the bladder) resembles in clinical manifestations acute cystitis, acute urethritis or acute prostatitis, since it may cause pain in the suprapubic region, frequent, painful and difficult urination, urgency, gross hematuria, and in men - pain in the area of the external opening of the urethra.

Bladder stones

Bladder stones are mainly manifested by pain in the lower abdomen and suprapubic region, which can radiate to the perineum and genitals. Pain occurs when moving and urinating.

Another manifestation of bladder stones is increased urination. Sharp, causeless urges appear when walking, shaking, physical activity. During urination, the so-called “stacking” symptom may be observed - suddenly the stream of urine is interrupted, although the patient feels that the bladder is not completely emptied, and urination resumes only after a change in body position.

In severe cases, with very large stone sizes, patients can only urinate while lying down.

Signs of urolithiasis

Manifestations of urolithiasis may resemble symptoms of other diseases of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space. That is why a urologist first of all needs to exclude such manifestations of an acute abdomen as acute appendicitis, uterine and ectopic pregnancy, cholelithiasis, peptic ulcer, etc., which sometimes needs to be done together with doctors of other specialties. Based on this, determining the diagnosis of ICD can be difficult and lengthy, and includes the following procedures:

1. Examination by a urologist, clarification of a detailed history in order to maximize understanding of the etiopathogenesis of the disease and correction of metabolic and other disorders for the prevention of the disease and metaphylaxis of relapses. The important points of this stage are to clarify:

type of activity;
time of onset and nature of the course of urolithiasis;
previous treatment;
family history;
nutrition style;
a history of Crohn's disease, bowel surgery, or metabolic disorders;
drug history;
presence of sarcoidosis;
the presence and nature of the course of urinary infection;
the presence of anomalies of the genitourinary organs and operations on the urinary tract;
a history of trauma and immobilization.

2. Visualization of the stone:

performing survey and excretory urography or spiral computed tomography.

3. Clinical analysis blood, urine, urine pH. Biochemical research blood and urine.
4. Urine culture on microflora and determination of its sensitivity to antibiotics.
5. If necessary, carried out calcium stress tests (differential diagnosis hypercalciuria) and ammonium chloride (diagnosis of renal tubular acidosis), parathyroid hormone test.
6. Stone analysis(if available).
7. Biochemical and radioisotope kidney function tests.
8. Retrograde ureteropyelography, ureteropyeloscopy, pneumopyelography.
9. Study of stones by tomographic density(used to predict the effectiveness of lithotripsy and prevent possible complications).

Treatment of urolithiasis

How to get rid of stones

Due to the fact that the causes of urolithiasis are not fully understood, surgical removal of a kidney stone does not mean the patient’s recovery.

Treatment of people suffering from urolithiasis can be either conservative or surgical.

The general principles of treatment of urolithiasis include 2 main areas: destruction and/or elimination of stones and correction of metabolic disorders. Additional treatment methods include: improving microcirculation in the kidneys, adequate drinking regimen, sanitation of the urinary tract from existing infections and residual stones, diet therapy, physiotherapy and sanatorium treatment.

After establishing a diagnosis, determining the size of the stone, its location, assessing the state of urinary tract patency and kidney function, as well as taking into account concomitant diseases and previous treatment, you can begin to choose the optimal treatment method to rid the patient of the existing stone.

Stone elimination methods:

various conservative methods treatments that promote stone passage for small stones;
symptomatic treatment, which is most often used for renal colic;
surgical removal of a stone or removal of a kidney with a stone;
medicinal litholysis;
“local” litholysis;
instrumental removal of stones descended into the ureter;
percutaneous removal of kidney stones by extraction (litholapoxia) or contact lithotripsy;
ureterolitholapoxia, contact ureterolithotripsy;
extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESLT);

All of the above methods of treating urolithiasis are not competitive in nature and do not exclude each other, and in some cases are complementary. However, it can be said that the development and implementation of extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESLT), the creation of high-quality endoscopic technology and equipment were revolutionary events in urology at the end of the twentieth century. It was thanks to these epoch-making events that the beginning of minimally invasive and low-traumatic urology was laid, which today is developing with great success in all areas of medicine and has reached its epoch associated with the creation and widespread implementation of robotics and telecommunication systems.

The emerging minimally invasive and minimally traumatic methods of treating urolithiasis have radically changed the mentality of an entire generation of urologists, the distinctive feature of which today is that regardless of the size and location of the stone, as well as its “behavior,” the patient should and can be rid of it! And this is correct, since even small, asymptomatic stones located in the calyces must be eliminated, since there is always a risk of their growth and the development of chronic pyelonephritis.

Currently, the most widely used methods for the treatment of urolithiasis are extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESLT), percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (-lapaxy) (PNL), ureterorenoscopy (URS), due to which the number open operations reduced to a minimum, and in most clinics Western Europe- to zero.

Diet for urolithiasis

The diet of patients with urolithiasis includes:

drinking at least 2 liters of fluid per day;
depending on the identified metabolic disorders and chemical composition stone, it is recommended to limit the intake of animal protein, table salt, foods containing large amounts of calcium, purine bases, oxalic acid;
Consuming foods rich in fiber has a positive effect on metabolism.

Physiotherapy for urolithiasis

Complex conservative treatment of patients with urolithiasis includes the appointment of various physiotherapeutic methods:

sinusoidal modulated currents;
dynamic amplipulse therapy;
ultrasound;
laser therapy;
inductothermy.

In the case of using physiotherapy in patients with urolithiasis complicated by urinary tract infection, it is necessary to take into account the phases of the inflammatory process (indicated for latent course and in remission).

Sanatorium-resort treatment for urolithiasis

Sanatorium-resort treatment is indicated for urolithiasis both in the absence of a stone (after its removal or spontaneous passage) and in the presence of a stone. It is effective for kidney stones, the size and shape of which, as well as the condition of the urinary tract, allow us to hope for their spontaneous passage under the influence of the diuretic effect of mineral waters.

Patients with uric acid and calcium oxalate urolithiasis are indicated for treatment at resorts with low-mineralized alkaline mineral waters:

Zheleznovodsk (“Slavyanovskaya”, “Smirnovskaya”);
Essentuki (Essentuki No. 4, 17);
Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk (Narzan).

For calcium oxalate urolithiasis, treatment at the Truskavets (Naftusya) resort, where the mineral water is slightly acidic and low-mineralized, may also be indicated.

Treatment at resorts is possible at any time of the year. The use of similar bottled mineral waters does not replace a stay at the resort.

The intake of the above mineral waters, as well as Tib-2 mineral water (North Ossetia) for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes is possible in an amount of no more than 0.5 l/day under strict laboratory control of the metabolic parameters of stone-forming substances.

Treatment of uric acid stones

dissolution of stones (litholysis).

The following medications are used in the treatment of uric acid stones:

Allopurinol (Allupol, Purinol) - up to 1 month;
Blemaren - 1-3 months.

Treatment of calcium oxalate stones

When treating urolithiasis with medication, the doctor sets the following goals:

prevention of stone formation recurrence;
prevention of the growth of the stone itself (if it already exists);
dissolution of stones (litholysis).

For urolithiasis, step-by-step treatment is possible: if diet therapy is ineffective, additional medications must be prescribed.

One course of treatment usually lasts 1 month. Depending on the results of the examination, treatment may be resumed.

The following medications are used in the treatment of calcium oxalate stones:

Pyridoxine (vitamin B 6) - up to 1 month;
Hypothiazide - up to 1 month;
Blemaren - up to 1 month.

Treatment of calcium phosphate stones

When treating urolithiasis with medication, the doctor sets the following goals:

prevention of stone formation recurrence;
prevention of the growth of the stone itself (if it already exists);
dissolution of stones (litholysis).

For urolithiasis, step-by-step treatment is possible: if diet therapy is ineffective, additional medications must be prescribed.

One course of treatment usually lasts 1 month. Depending on the results of the examination, treatment may be resumed.

The following medications are used in the treatment of calcium phosphate stones:

Antibacterial treatment - in the presence of infection;
Magnesium oxide or aspartate - up to 1 month;
Hypothiazide - up to 1 month;
Herbal medicines (plant extracts) - up to 1 month;
Boric acid - up to 1 month;
Methionine - up to 1 month.

Treatment of cystine stones

When treating urolithiasis with medication, the doctor sets the following goals:

prevention of stone formation recurrence;
prevention of the growth of the stone itself (if it already exists);
dissolution of stones (litholysis).

For urolithiasis, step-by-step treatment is possible: if diet therapy is ineffective, additional medications must be prescribed.

One course of treatment usually lasts 1 month. Depending on the results of the examination, treatment may be resumed.

The following medications are used in the treatment of cystine stones:

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) - up to 6 months;
Penicillamine - up to 6 months;
Blemaren - up to 6 months.

Complications of urolithiasis

Prolonged standing of the stone without a tendency to pass on its own leads to progressive inhibition of the function of the urinary tract and the kidney itself, up to its (kidney) death.

The most common complications of urolithiasis are:

A chronic inflammatory process at the location of the stone and the kidney itself (pyelonephritis, cystitis), which, under unfavorable conditions (hypothermia, acute respiratory infections), can worsen (acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis).
In turn, acute pyelonephritis can be complicated by paranephritis, the formation of pustules in the kidney (apostematous pyelonephritis), a carbuncle or abscess of the kidney, necrosis of the renal papillae and, ultimately, sepsis (fever), which is an indication for surgical intervention.
Pyonephrosis is terminal stage purulent destructive pyelonephritis. The pyonephrotic kidney is an organ that has undergone purulent melting, consisting of separate cavities filled with pus, urine and tissue decay products.
Chronic pyelonephritis leads to rapidly progressing chronic renal failure and, ultimately, to nephrosclerosis.
Acute renal failure is extremely rare due to obstructive anuria with a solitary kidney or bilateral ureteral stones.
Anemia due to chronic blood loss (hematuria) and impaired renal hematopoietic function.

Prevention of urolithiasis

Preventive therapy aimed at correcting metabolic disorders is prescribed according to indications based on examination data of the patient. The number of treatment courses during the year is determined individually under medical and laboratory supervision.

Without prophylaxis for 5 years, half of the patients who got rid of stones using one of the treatment methods urinary stones are formed again. Patient education and prevention itself are best started immediately after spontaneous passage or surgical removal of the stone.

Lifestyle:

fitness and sports (especially for professions with low physical activity), however excessive exercise should be avoided in untrained people
avoid drinking alcohol
avoid emotional stress
Urolithiasis is often found in obese patients. Losing weight by reducing the consumption of high-calorie foods reduces the risk of disease.

Increasing fluid intake:

Indicated for all patients with urolithiasis. In patients with urine density less than 1.015 g/l. stones form much less frequently. Active diuresis promotes the removal of small fragments and sand. Optimal diuresis is considered to be 1.5 liters. urine per day, but in patients with urolithiasis it should be more than 2 liters per day.

Calcium intake.

Higher calcium intake reduces oxalate excretion.

Fiber consumption.

Indications: calcium oxalate stones.
You should eat vegetables and fruits, avoiding those rich in oxalate.

Oxalate retention.

Low levels of dietary calcium increase oxalate absorption. When dietary calcium levels increased to 15-20 mmol per day, urinary oxalate levels decreased. Ascorbic acid and vitamin D may contribute to increased oxalate excretion.
Indications: hyperoxaluria (oxalate concentration in urine more than 0.45 mmol/day).
Reducing oxalate intake may be beneficial in patients with hyperoxaluria, but in these patients, oxalate retention must be combined with other treatments.
Limiting foods rich in oxalates if you have calcium oxalate stones.

Foods rich in oxalates:

Rhubarb 530 mg/100 g;
Sorrel, spinach 570 mg/100 g;
Cocoa 625 mg/100 g;
Tea leaves 375-1450 mg/100 g;
Nuts.

Vitamin C intake:

Vitamin C intake of up to 4 g per day can occur without the risk of stone formation. Higher doses promote the endogenous metabolism of ascorbic acid to oxalic acid. At the same time, the excretion of oxalic acid by the kidneys increases.

Reducing protein intake:

Animal protein is considered one of the important risk factors for stone formation. Excessive intake may increase calcium and oxalate excretion and decrease citrate excretion and urinary pH.
Indications: calcium oxalate stones.
It is recommended to take approximately 1g/kg. protein weight per day.

Thiazides:

The indication for thiazides is hypercalciuria.
Drugs: hypothiazide, trichlorothiazide, indopamide.
Side effects:

mask normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism;
development of diabetes and gout;
erectile dysfunction.

Orthophosphates:

There are two types of orthophosphates: acidic and neutral. They reduce calcium absorption and calcium excretion as well as they reduce bone reabsorption. In addition, they increase the excretion of pyrophosphate and citrate, which increases the inhibitory activity of urine. Indications: hypercalciuria.
Complications:

diarrhea;
abdominal cramps;
nausea and vomiting.

Orthophosphates can be an alternative to thiazides. Used for treatment in in some cases, but cannot be recommended as a first-line treatment. They should not be prescribed for stones combined with a urinary tract infection.

Alkaline citrate:

Mechanism of action:

reduces supersaturation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate;
inhibits the process of crystallization, growth and aggregation of stone;
reduces supersaturation of uric acid.

Indications: calcium stones, hypocitraturia.

Magnesium:

Indications: calcium oxalate stones with or without hypomagniuria.
Side effects:

diarrhea;
CNS disorders;
fatigue;
drowsiness;

Magnesium salts cannot be used without using citrate.

Glycosaminoglycans:

Mechanism of action: calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibitors.
Indications: calcium oxalate stones.

Several years ago I was diagnosed with oxalate stones. My medical history began with acute attack pain, which I tried to “drown out” with painkillers. Stupidly, I delayed treatment, and when I went to the doctor, the tests were shocking. Blood and pus were found in the urine. And the ultrasound showed huge stones in the ureter. By that time, one of my kidneys was already beginning to fail.

The doctor immediately offered me surgery and surgical removal, since the oxalates could not be crushed. I started studying tons of literature on traditional treatment of urolithiasis, because I didn’t want to go under the knife.

In general, at my own peril and risk, I decided to try the last chance before drastic measures. I put together a whole treatment plan that included medication, proper nutrition, and folk recipes.

The diet for urolithiasis should be gentle so that food does not contribute to the formation of new stones. I completely eliminated salt and tomatoes, rich meat broths, and fatty meats from my diet. All my dishes had to be exclusively baked or boiled.

I ate five small meals a day. In the morning on an empty stomach, I “started” my stomach with a glass of rosehip decoction. And before going to bed I drank a glass of kefir. In addition, every day I made sure to eat 70 grams of honey in three doses. Moreover, it should be as dark as possible. This is a must. I also drank a decoction of parsley roots and a carrot decoction.

It is extremely important to strictly adhere to the regularity of taking medications and adhere to the diet. Perhaps it was my determination and systematicity that helped me cope with the disease at home. A few months later, an ultrasound examination showed that the stones had dissolved and kidney function had recovered. The doctor was shocked and couldn’t believe his eyes. And since then I have believed only in traditional medicine and my own strength.

Life story about the struggle with urolithiasis of Olga, 44 years old

I sometimes had pain in my lower back, and one day I simply couldn’t get out of bed. I had to call a doctor, who “by eye” diagnosed “osteochondrosis”. I was given a sick leave and prescribed a list of medications. After about five days I started walking a little. It was time to go close the sick leave, but the pain still did not go away. Yes, their intensity decreased, but they still tormented me.

The doctor ordered an ultrasound examination for me, and it was already discovered that I had stones in my bladder. I was put on a waiting list for surgery. My reluctance to undergo surgery was so strong that I decided to try a method that I didn’t really trust - treating urolithiasis with folk remedies.

On one of the forums I found a miraculous recipe that I share with you. To prepare you need dark seedless raisins, black pepper in the form of peas (just not allspice).

Inside each raisin you need to put a pea of black pepper. And then we take this medicine like this: on the first day - one raisin, on the second day - two raisins, on the third - three, and so on, increasing up to ten pieces at a time. From the eleventh day, we begin to reduce the number of berries according to the principle: 11th day - 9 raisins, 12th day - 8, and so on until one.

The berries should be consumed in the morning on an empty stomach, chewing thoroughly. If you feel a strong burning sensation in your mouth when the number of raisins increases to five or more, you can drink it with clean water.

After I completed the 20-day course, I took diuretics and herbal decoctions for three days. The following folk remedies helped a lot: liter jar filled with birch leaves and branches and poured hot water, I steeped the mixture for a couple of hours and drank the strained mixture 2-3 sips at a time throughout the day.

After that, I repeated the twenty-day course with raisins and pepper. After that, again for three days on diuretic infusions. In total, I conducted three courses in a row.

I believed in the effectiveness of the method after I saw my cloudy collected urine mixed with grains of sand. I regularly carried out this home “analysis” and over time I began to notice that the urine was lighter and more transparent.

When my time came for the operation, I underwent a control ultrasound and there were no stones in the bladder. This is how I carried out home treatment for urolithiasis in a simple, tasty and budget-friendly manner in a couple of months.

How Mikhail, 56 years old, cured urolithiasis with a decoction of sunflower roots

After a strong pain attack While urinating, I went to the doctor and an ultrasound revealed sand in my ureter. Moving him caused extreme pain, and I was afraid that the attacks would recur.

In a reference book on traditional medicine, I found one recipe that promised to remove sand and even small stones from the kidneys and urea. The use of sunflower roots was proposed as the main ingredient.

The remedy is prepared and taken as follows:

Boil a glass of crushed plant roots in three liters of water for five minutes after they boil.
After this, remove the broth from the heat and let it cool.
Strain the product through cheesecloth and put it in the refrigerator. We don’t throw away the roots, but store them there.
We drink the resulting three liters of broth over three days - one liter per day, regardless of the time of meal.
The used roots will need to be boiled again in three liters of water, but increase the cooking time to ten minutes.
We take the finished product according to the same scheme.
Boil the roots a third time, but for 20 minutes. We drink exactly the same.
After the third cooking, we throw away the raw materials. Next decoction we make from a new portion of roots.

Thus, from one glass of sunflower roots you can get nine liters of decoction for nine days of treatment for urolithiasis.

At first, while my body was getting used to the treatment, my blood pressure jumped a little. This is within normal limits. During these periods, I reduced the dose of the drug, and then, depending on how I felt, I returned to the previous norm.

In addition, during treatment I had a burning sensation in my joints and ribs. As I later read, this was the dissolution of salt deposits, which also left the body along with urine.

Be sure to follow a diet during treatment. I excluded from the menu everything fried, fatty, smoked, sour, spicy, as well as alcoholic drinks.

The result was not long in coming: within a month my health was the same as before the illness, and tests and examinations did not reveal any pathological processes in the body.

How Evgeniya, 37 years old, treated urolithiasis using folk remedies

When I was diagnosed with urolithiasis at age 30, I was shocked. I never thought that stones could form in the bladder in such a early age. Moreover, I didn’t want to go under the surgeon’s knife.

I came across an excellent, sensitive and experienced doctor who advised conservative treatment using traditional medicine. I will be grateful to him all my life, because thanks to his instructions I got back on my feet and forgot what stones were. Now I live a full life and have no complaints about my health.

Of course, I took all the medications prescribed to me. I'm sure that herbs alone can cure this. serious illness it is forbidden. Moreover, self-medication can lead to dire consequences. Therefore, I probably would not risk adhering exclusively to traditional medicine methods without first consulting a doctor at my own peril and risk.

It is also very important to eat right. Thanks to my wonderful specialist, I developed a diet that was convenient for myself, which excluded “aggressive” foods: fatty meats, smoked foods, pickles, spices, etc. I mostly cooked it in the oven or steamer. This helped not only to improve my health, but also to lose a fair amount of weight and look prettier. So, every cloud has a silver lining.

The doctor also prescribed me to drink plenty of fluids and treat with mineral waters. I was diagnosed with calcium oxalate stones, which meant that Naftusya, Essentuki No. 20 was suitable. That is, water with low mineralization.

I would like to draw the attention of everyone who suffers from urolithiasis that the addiction to diuretic drugs is a great evil. This way you can remove all calcium from the body. And in addition to a sick bladder, you get a lot of other problems with the heart and bones.

From herbal preparations I drank the following:

Parsley infusion. I used both the roots and leaves of the plant. I crushed them and poured half a liter of boiling water over a tablespoon of raw material. I insisted on it for a couple of hours and strained it. I drank the infusion in small sips throughout the day.
Rose hip decoction. I did not use the berries of the plant, as is usually customary, but the roots. I crushed the young roots and poured a couple of teaspoons into a liter hot water. After that, I boiled them for ten minutes over low heat. Then she poured the broth into a thermos and left it to steep overnight. The next day I drank half a glass three times a day. It is important to take the product through a straw and be sure to rinse your mouth after taking it so as not to spoil it. tooth enamel.
Apple compote. This drink has become for me a complete replacement for the usual coffee, which is quite harmful for urolithiasis. I took three medium-sized red apples and chopped them finely. After that, I poured the raw material in a liter cold water and put it on the fire to cook for 15 minutes. Next, I removed the container from the stove and wrapped it in a warm blanket for a couple of hours. I drank this compote every day throughout the day.
A mixture of black radish juice and liquid honey. I mixed these components in a 1:2 ratio. Thick honey was melted in a water bath. The mixture was taken one tablespoon after meals three times a day for a month.
Infusion of grape leaves. 300 grams of grape leaves need to be washed, dried and finely chopped. Then we put them in a jar and fill them with a liter of cold water. We put it in a dark place for three days. After infusion, the product can be consumed half a glass three times a day. The course of treatment is one month.

A story about the treatment of urolithiasis Oleg, 42 years old

In the treatment of urolithiasis, in addition to the mandatory drug therapy, two recipes helped. I don’t consider them a panacea, because my medical history of “urolithiasis” was quite mild, and, in fact, I only needed to get rid of sand in the bladder and kidneys. But they helped me, and I hope they will help other patients avoid surgery.

I used Dr. Neumyvakin's method. It is designed for two days:

First day. We buy a bag of magnesia at the pharmacy and dissolve it in a glass of hot water. I drank half a glass in the morning and evening. For next day I prepared the following infusion in the evening: I crushed rose hips and poured five tablespoons of the raw material into three glasses of hot water in a thermos. I left it to steep all night.
Second day. In the morning, I filtered the infusion and added two tablespoons of sorbitol to one of the glasses. He mixed it and drank it in one gulp. After that I went to bed under the covers. An hour later, I repeated the procedure again: I drank a glass and lay down under the blanket. So you need to carry out three manipulations.

You can conduct such two-day courses of cleansing the kidneys and bladder once every couple of weeks.

The method of removing sand using millet also helped me a lot. To do this, I washed half a glass of cereal and filled it with one liter of water. Boil for 3-4 minutes. Then he removed it from the heat and insisted until a white foam appeared on the surface. After this, I filtered it through cheesecloth and drank the resulting liquid several sips throughout the day. And the millet could be cooked and eaten.

After the sand problem is resolved, I do not stop plant therapy. Only now it has moved from the category of therapeutic to preventive. At least a couple of times a year I practice preventive cleansing of the kidneys and bladder according to one of the recipes, and there are no problems with my health.

How to treat urolithiasis - watch the video: