What are erythromycin tablets used for? Other forms of release
Erythromycin / erythromycin - new instructions on the use of the medicine, you can read the contraindications, indications for use, dosage of the medicine Erythromycin / erythromycin. Useful reviews about Erythromycin / erythromycin -
Antibiotic of the macrolide group. Has a bacteriostatic effect.
Active substance of the drug:
ERYTHROMYCIN / ERYTHROMYCIN
Pharmacological action of Erythromycin / erythromycin
Antibiotic of the macrolide group. Has a bacteriostatic effect. However, in high doses it has a bactericidal effect against sensitive microorganisms. Erythromycin reversibly binds to bacterial ribosomes, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.
Active against gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (strains producing and not producing penicillinase), Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae); gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis, Brucella spp., Legionella spp., Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae; anaerobic bacteria: Clostridium spp.
Erythromycin is also active against Mycoplasma spp., Chlamydia spp., Spirochaetaceae, Rickettsia spp.
Gram-negative bacilli are resistant to erythromycin, incl. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp.
Pharmacokinetics of the drug.
Bioavailability is 30-65%. Distributed in most tissues and body fluids. Plasma protein binding is 70-90%. Metabolized in the liver, partially with the formation of inactive metabolites. T1/2 - 1.4-2 hours. Excreted in bile and urine.
Indications for use:
Infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to erythromycin, incl. diphtheria, whooping cough, trachoma, brucellosis, Legionnaires' disease, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, otitis media, sinusitis, cholecystitis, pneumonia, gonorrhea, syphilis. Treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by pathogens (in particular, staphylococci) resistant to penicillin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, streptomycin.
For external use: juvenile acne.
For local application: infectious and inflammatory eye diseases.
Dosage and method of administration of the drug.
They are set individually depending on the location and severity of the infection and the sensitivity of the pathogen. In adults, use in a daily dose of 1-4 g. Children under 3 months of age - 20-40 mg/kg/day; at the age of 4 months to 18 years - 30-50 mg/kg/day. Frequency of application: 4 times/day. The course of treatment is 5-14 days, after the symptoms disappear, treatment is continued for another 2 days. Take 1 hour before meals or 2-3 hours after meals.
Apply the solution for external use to the affected areas of the skin.
The ointment is applied to the affected area, and in case of eye diseases, it is placed behind the lower eyelid. The dose, frequency and duration of use are determined individually.
Side effects of Erythromycin / erythromycin:
From the outside digestive system: nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, cholestatic jaundice, tenesmus, diarrhea, dysbacteriosis; rarely - pseudomembranous enterocolitis, impaired liver function, increased activity of liver transaminases, pancreatitis.
Allergic reactions: skin rash, urticaria, eosinophilia; rarely - anaphylactic shock.
Effects caused by chemotherapy: oral candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis.
From the senses: reversible ototoxicity - hearing loss and/or tinnitus (when using high doses - more than 4 g / day).
From the outside cardiovascular system: rarely - tachycardia, prolongation of the QT interval on the ECG, atrial fibrillation and/or flutter (in patients with a prolonged QT interval on the ECG).
Local reactions: phlebitis at the IV injection site.
Contraindications to the drug:
History of jaundice, severe liver dysfunction, hypersensitivity to macrolides.
Use during pregnancy and lactation.
Erythromycin crosses the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk.
When using erythromycin during pregnancy, the expected benefit to the mother and the potential risk to the fetus should be assessed. If it is necessary to use it during lactation, the issue of stopping it should be decided. breastfeeding.
Special instructions for use of Erythromycin / erythromycin.
Use with caution in case of impaired liver and/or kidney function.
Drugs that increase acidity gastric juice, and acidic drinks inactivate erythromycin. Erythromycin should not be taken with milk or dairy products.
Interaction of Erythromycin / erythromycin with other drugs.
With the simultaneous use of erythromycin with theophylline, aminophylline, caffeine, an increase in their concentration in the blood plasma is observed and thereby increases the risk of developing toxic effect.
Erythromycin increases plasma concentrations of cyclosporine and may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Drugs that block tubular secretion prolong T1/2 of erythromycin.
Incompatible with lincomycin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol (antagonism).
Erythromycin reduces the bactericidal effect of beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems).
When used simultaneously, erythromycin increases theophylline content.
At simultaneous administration with drugs that are metabolized in the liver (carbamazepine, valproic acid, hexobarbital, phenytoin, alfentanil, disopyramide, lovastatin, bromocriptine), the concentration of these drugs in plasma may increase (it is an inhibitor of microsomal liver enzymes).
IV administration of erythromycin enhances the effect of ethanol (accelerating gastric emptying and reducing the duration of action of alcohol dehydrogenase in the gastric mucosa).
Erythromycin reduces the clearance of triazolam and midazolam and may therefore enhance the pharmacological effects of benzodiazepines.
When taken simultaneously with terfenadine or astemizole, arrhythmia may develop (ventricular fibrillation and flutter, ventricular tachycardia, even death); with dihydroergotamine or non-hydrogenated ergot alkaloids, vasoconstriction to spasm and dysesthesia is possible.
When used simultaneously, it slows down the elimination (increases the effect) of methylprednisolone, felodipine and coumarin anticoagulants.
When co-administered with lovastatin, rhabdomyolysis increases.
Erythromycin increases the bioavailability of digoxin.
Erythromycin reduces the effectiveness of hormonal contraception.
Antibacterial agents
Code in 1C
Name
Enteric film-coated tablets 100 mg and 250 mg
Residue storage unit
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Antibiotic, macrolide
Trade name
Erythromycin
International nonproprietary name
Erythromycin
Dosage form
Enteric film-coated tablets
Compound
for 1 tablet: Core composition: Active substance: erythromycin (in terms of active substance) - 100 mg, 250 mg. Excipients: povidone - 12.6 thousand (low molecular weight medical polyvinylpyrrolidone 12600 ± 2700) - 3.4 mg/9.45 mg, crospovidone (Kollidon CL, Kollidon CL-M) - 6.0 mg/13.5 mg, calcium stearate - 1.85 mg/4.14 mg, talc - 4.64 mg/10.35 mg, potato starch - up to kernel weight 200 mg/450 mg. Shell composition: cellacephate (acetylphthalyl cellulose) -8.1 mg/16.2 mg, titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide - 0.4 mg/0.8 mg), castor oil- 1.5 mg/3.0 mg.
ATX Code
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics
Bacteriostatic antibiotic from the macrolide group. Reversibly binds to the 50S subunit of ribosomes, which disrupts the formation of peptide bonds between amino acid molecules and blocks the synthesis of microorganism proteins (does not affect the synthesis nucleic acids). When used in high doses, depending on the type of pathogen, it can exhibit a bactericidal effect. Microorganisms whose growth is delayed at an antibiotic concentration of less than 0.5 mg/l are classified as sensitive, 1-6 mg/l as moderately sensitive, and more than 6 mg/l as resistant. Wide range antimicrobial action erythromycin includes: gram-positive microorganisms: Staphylococcus spp., producing and non-producing penicillinase, incl. Staphylococcus aureus(except for strains resistant to methicillin - MRSA); Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus spp. viridans group); Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium minutissimum, Listeria monocytogenes; gram-negative microorganisms: Bordetella pertussis, Campylobacter jejuni, Legionella spp. (including Legionella pneumophila), Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Haemophilus influenzae (some strains may be resistant to erythromycin, but sensitive to other macrolide antibiotics); other microorganisms: Chlamydia spp. (including Chlamydia trachomatis), Mycoplasma spp. (including Mycoplasma pneumoniae), Ureaplasma urealyticum, Treponema spp., Propionibacterium acnes, Entamoeba histolytica. Gram-negative bacilli are resistant to erythromycin: Escherichia coli and other representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family (Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and others); Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Acinetobacter spp. and other non-fermenting bacteria, as well as anaerobic bacteria(Bacteroides spp., including Bacteroides fragilis), methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and enterococci Enterococcus spp., mycobacteria. It is a motilin receptor agonist. Accelerates the evacuation of gastric contents by increasing the amplitude of pyloric contraction and improving antral-duodenal coordination, and has prokinetic properties.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption is high. Food intake has no effect on enteric film-coated oral forms of erythromycin base. The time to reach the maximum concentration in the blood plasma after taking the tablets orally is 2-4 hours, the connection with proteins is 70-90%. Bioavailability - 30-65%. It is distributed unevenly in the body. IN large quantities accumulates in the liver, spleen, kidneys. In bile and urine, the concentration is tens of times higher than that in plasma. Penetrates well into the tissues of the lungs, lymph nodes, middle ear exudate, prostate secretions, sperm, pleural cavity, ascitic and synovial fluid. The milk of lactating women contains 50% of the plasma concentration. It penetrates poorly through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (the concentration is 10% of the drug content in plasma). During inflammatory processes in the meninges, their permeability to erythromycin increases slightly. It penetrates the placental barrier and enters the blood of the fetus, where its content reaches 5-20% of the content in the mother's plasma. Metabolized in the liver (more than 90%), partially with the formation of inactive metabolites. The metabolism of erythromycin involves the isoenzymes CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP3A7, of which it is an inhibitor. The half-life (T1/2) is 1.4-2 hours, with anuria - 4-6 hours. Excretion with bile - 20-30% unchanged, by the kidneys (unchanged) after oral administration - 2-5%.
Indications for use
Bacterial infections caused by sensitive pathogens: - infections of the ENT organs (laryngitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, external and otitis media); - lower respiratory tract infections (tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia); - skin and soft tissue infections ( pustular diseases skin, incl. juvenile acne, infected wounds, bedsores, stage II-III burns, trophic ulcers); - biliary tract infections (cholecystitis); - genitourinary infections in pregnant women caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; - uncomplicated chlamydia in adults (with localization in lower parts genitourinary tract and rectum) with intolerance or ineffectiveness of tetracyclines; - primary syphilis (in patients with allergies to penicillins); - gonorrhea; - diphtheria (including bacterial carriage), whooping cough (including prevention), scarlet fever, trachoma, legionellosis (Legionnaires' disease), erythrasma, listeriosis, amoebic dysentery; Prevention of exacerbations of streptococcal infections (tonsillitis, pharyngitis) in patients with rheumatism. Prevention of infective endocarditis during dental interventions and operations on the ENT organs in patients with risk factors (heart defects, prosthetic valves, etc.). Erythromycin is a reserve antibiotic for allergies to penicillin and other antibiotics of the penicillin group, as well as to other beta-lactams.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to erythromycin and other macrolides; significant hearing loss; simultaneous use of terfenadine, astemizole, pimozide, ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, childhood up to 14 years, breastfeeding period.
Use during pregnancy
The use of Erythromycin during pregnancy is possible only when the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. During lactation due to the possibility of penetration into breast milk You should avoid breastfeeding while using Erythromycin.
Directions for use and doses
Inside. Take the tablet 1-2 hours before meals or 2-3 hours after meals. The tablet must not be split or chewed. Adults and adolescents over 14 years of age: usual doses for most infections: single dose - 250-500 mg, daily dose - 1000-2000 mg (1-2 g). Erythromycin is taken 4 times a day, the interval between doses is 6 hours. With a daily dose of Erythromycin of no more than 1 g/day, the drug can be taken 2 times a day (500 mg every 12 hours). For severe infections, the daily dose of Erythromycin can be increased to 4 g (4000 mg). The maximum daily dose of Erythromycin for an adult is 4 g (4000 mg). The course of treatment is 5-14 days, after the symptoms disappear, treatment is continued for another 2 days. Treatment of streptococcal infections various localizations(including tonsillopharyngitis) - must last at least 10 days. For juvenile acne - 250 mg 2 times a day simultaneously with local therapy, then after 1 month from the start of treatment, depending on the condition, the dose can be reduced to 250 mg 1 time per day. For genitourinary chlamydial infections during pregnancy - 500 mg 4 times a day for at least 7 days or (if this dose is poorly tolerated) - 250 mg 4 times a day (or 500 mg 2 times a day after 12 hours) for at least 14 days. For uncomplicated chlamydia (urethral, endocervical or rectal) with intolerance to tetracycline antibiotics - adults, 500 mg 4 times a day for at least 7 days. Treatment of primary syphilis - course dose is 30-40 g, duration of treatment - 10-15 days, frequency of administration - 4 times a day. It is preferable to start treatment with intravenous administration, followed by a transition to oral forms. For gonorrhea - 500 mg every 6 hours for 3 days, then 250 mg every 6 hours for 7 days. Treatment of diphtheria bacteria carriage - 250 mg 2 times a day for at least 7 days. For whooping cough - 100-250 mg 4 times a day, course of treatment is 5-14 days. For scarlet fever - in usual doses, the course of treatment is at least 10 days. For legionellosis (Legionnaires' disease) - in a daily dose of 2-4 g/day, divided into 4 doses (500-1000 mg 4 times a day) until disappearance clinical symptoms illness (but not less than 14 days). For listeriosis - 250-500 mg 4 times a day for at least 7 days, etiotropic therapy is carried out until the 6-7th day normal temperature, and when severe forms- until 14-21 days. For erythrasma - 250 mg 4 times a day for 5-7 days simultaneously with external agents. For amoebic dysentery: adults and adolescents over 14 years old - 250 mg 4 times a day. Duration of treatment is 10-14 days. Prevention of exacerbations of streptococcal infections (tonsillitis, pharyngitis) in adults with rheumatism - 250-500 mg 4 times a day, course duration - at least 10 days. Prevention of infective endocarditis in patients with heart defects during dental interventions and operations on the ENT organs - adults, 1 g (1000 mg) 1-2 hours before treatment or diagnostic procedure, then 500 mg every 6 hours, 8 doses in total.
Side effect
Allergic reactions: urticaria, other forms skin rash, eosinophilia, anaphylactic shock. From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, gastralgia, abdominal pain, tenesmus, diarrhea, dysbiosis, oral candidiasis, pseudomembranous colitis, impaired liver function, cholestatic jaundice, increased activity of “liver” transaminases, pancreatitis. On the part of the hearing organ: ototoxicity - hearing loss and/or tinnitus (when used in high doses - more than 4 g / day, usually reversible). From the cardiovascular system: tachycardia, prolongation of the Q-T interval on the electrocardiogram, atrial fibrillation and/or flutter (in patients with prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram). If any of the side effects indicated in the instructions get worse, or you notice any other side effects not listed in the instructions, please inform your doctor.
Overdose
Symptoms: impaired liver function, up to acute liver failure, rarely hearing impairment.
Treatment: activated carbon, careful monitoring of the condition respiratory system(if necessary, conduct artificial ventilation lungs), acid-base status and electrolyte metabolism, electrocardiogram.
Gastric lavage is effective when taking a dose five times higher than the average therapeutic dose.
Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and forced diuresis are ineffective.
Use with other drugs
Reduces the bactericidal effect of beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems).
Incompatible with lincomycin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol (antagonism).
Increases the concentration of theophylline.
Increases the nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine (especially in patients with concomitant renal failure).
Reduces the clearance of triazolam and midazolam, and therefore may enhance the pharmacological effects of benzodiazepines.
Slows down the elimination (increases the effect) of methylprednisolone, felodipine and coumarin anticoagulants.
At joint use with lovastatin, simvastatin and other statins, the risk of developing rhabdomyolysis increases.
Increases the bioavailability of digoxin.
Reduces the effectiveness of hormonal contraception.
Medicines that block tubular secretion prolong T1/2 of Erythromycin.
When used together with drugs whose metabolism is carried out in the liver by the cytochrome P450 system (carbamazepine, valproic acid, hexobarbital,
phenytoin, alfentanil, disopyramide, lovastatin, bromocriptine), the concentration of these drugs in plasma may increase (since erythromycin is an inhibitor of microsomal liver enzymes).
When used together with terfenadine or astemizole, arrhythmia may develop (ventricular fibrillation and flutter, ventricular tachycardia, even death), with dihydroergotamine or non-hydrogenated ergot alkaloids - vasoconstriction up to complete spasm, dysesthesia.
If you are taking other medications, you should consult your doctor.
Special instructions
During long-term therapy it is necessary to monitor laboratory parameters liver functions. Symptoms of cholestatic jaundice may develop several days after the start of therapy, but the risk of development increases after 7-14 days of continuous therapy. The likelihood of developing an ototoxic effect is higher in patients with renal and/or liver failure, as well as in elderly patients. May interfere with the determination of catecholamines in urine and the activity of “liver” transaminases in the blood (colorimetric determination using definylhydrazine). Do not drink milk or dairy products. In numerous clinical studies The antral and duodenal prokinetic effect of erythromycin has been proven. The use of the drug does not affect the management vehicles and for the maintenance of machines and mechanisms that require concentration.
Release form
Pills
Release form
Enteric film-coated tablets, 100 mg, 250 mg.
10 tablets in blister packs.
1, 2 blister packs with instructions for use are placed in cardboard packs.
Storage conditions
In a dry place, protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Keep out of the reach of children.
Erythromycin belongs to the macrolide group of antibiotics and has a broad spectrum of action. With the help different forms release of the product can effectively treat acne on the skin, infectious diseases of soft tissues, infections gastrointestinal tract, infections genitourinary system etc.
Such an effective antimicrobial effect from the use of the drug is achieved due to the fact that macrolides disrupt natural course protein synthesis in viral and microbial cells. Due to its properties, the antibiotic also acts as an immunomodulatory agent. This drug is the first of a series of macrolides, and it was with it that the pharmaceutical industry began to create and improve this type of antibiotic.
The main active ingredient is erythromycin, which has bacteriostatic properties, and, as the instructions for use show, in high concentrations it acts as a bactericidal substance.
The form of production of the drug is a wide range, including tablets, creams and gels, ointments and ampoules with a biologically active substance (erythromycin) and excipients.
All forms of drug production are convenient for use. The cream can be applied to the skin and distributed over the affected area without rubbing. Suppositories are also easy to use; most often they are prescribed to young children who have an individual intolerance to tablets and injections.
This group of antibiotics is rightfully considered one of the most effective and it was the macrolide that became the active substance on the basis of which effective products are developed and produced today.
In complex treatment, when the doctor prescribes the drug, other medications can be used. Contraindicated in combination with lincomycin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin. The drug may inhibit the effect of some antibiotics, in particular beta-lactams.
If you take it in combination with astemizole, there is a risk of developing a disease such as arrhythmia.
When combined with non-hydrogenated ergot alkaloids or a substance such as dihydroergotamine, such negative manifestations, like spasms of blood vessels, narrowing of the walls.
Antibiotic reduces active action some hormonal drugs, but can effectively increase the bioavailability of digoxin. The instructions for use of the drug Erythromycin also do not recommend using it with alcohol.
An effective analogue is Erythromycin-Lect.
The pharmacological market today can offer other analogues of drugs that can be bought at any pharmacy:
- Ilozon;
- Grunamycin syrup;
- Erythromycin phosphate;
- Ermiced;
- Erifluid.
The tablets have a regular biconvex shape; the shell quickly dissolves when it enters the gastrointestinal tract. They produce tablets in blisters of 10 pcs., the composition of the product includes active ingredient- erythromycin and excipients.
In this form, as small tablets, this drug is quite convenient to use. Erythromycin in tablet form is just suitable for the treatment of prostatitis, since ointment in this case will not give any effect.
As a rule, for prostatitis only 250 mg per day is prescribed, i.e. - 1 tablet.
For acute or chronic prostatitis, if the etiology is infectious, take 500 ml at a time. The daily dose in this case is 4 tablets, taken every 4 or 6 hours.
The course of treatment for prostatitis, depending on the form and severity of the disease, can last from 5 days to 2 weeks. The first results of therapy are already observed in the first days, when the infection is suppressed.
For preventive purposes, Erythromycin (tablets) is prescribed 250 mg once a day for 5 - 7 days.
Erythromycin: indications for use
A unique and very high-quality antibiotic belongs to a broad-spectrum medicine with a multidisciplinary active substance (erythromycin) and therefore has a wide range of applications.
Indications for the use of Erythromycin in the form of tablets and in the release of other forms of the drug:
- with the development of diphtheria;
- brucellosis;
- whooping cough;
- infections general;
- scarlet fever;
- gonorrhea;
- prostatitis;
- childhood conjunctivitis;
- childhood pneumonia;
- for infections of the genitourinary system in pregnant women;
- primary syphilis;
- simple chlamydia in adults;
- problems of infectious nature of ENT organs;
- cholecystitis;
- infections in the upper respiratory tract;
- infectious diseases and soft tissue lesions;
- purulent eye problems;
- For effective prevention possible manifestations infectious complications after surgery.
Children aged 4 months and older, and adolescents (up to 18 years), depending on body weight, age and degree of disease, prescribed from 30 to 50 mg per day, divided into 2 or 4 doses. Babies aged 3 months are prescribed from 20 to 40 mg per day. In severe cases of the disease, the dose can be doubled.
Erythromycin is also used in urology. Indications for use and dosage during treatment venereal diseases, such as, for example, primary syphilis, is 250 mg 2 times a day, the course of treatment lasts from 10 to 15 days.
Dysentery therapy is administered to adult patients at 250 mg/4 times a day, for children from 30 to 50 mg per day (depending on age and body weight).
Before surgery, in order to effectively prevent the possible risk of infection, 1 g is prescribed 19 hours before surgery (then 18 hours and 9 hours). In total, the patient will receive 3 g of the drug.
The solution is administered very slowly (over 3 - 5 minutes) or through a dropper, which is safer and more effective.
A single dose of a drug in the form of a solution for adults, is 0.2 g, daily - 0.6 g. If the disease has developed to a severe form, the amount is increased to 1 g and the administration is divided into 4 times a day, every 4 - 6 hours.
Children aged from 4 months to 18 years are administered from 30 to 50 ml, babies aged 3 months - from 20 to 40 ml.
When injecting the drug by stream ( intravenous injection), it should be dissolved in water for injection or in a special solvent.
If the drip method is used, the substance is dissolved in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution at the rate of 5 mg per 1 ml.
Intravenous use of the solution is carried out for 5-6 days until a therapeutic effect is obtained.
If the patient has a diagnosis such as renal failure, the dose of the drug should be adjusted.
The doctor may decide to prescribe rectal method administration of the drug Erythromycin. Indications for the use of this method are vomiting or pain from injections. The instructions for Erythromycin advise the use of suppositories for the treatment of children aged 3 to 4 years, because It is precisely this category of patients who most often cannot take the medicine normally in other forms of release.
The dose of the drug in this case is from 15 to 20 mg per 1 kg of weight, 1 time per day. The drug intake is divided into 3 or 4 doses, with equal intervals.
Externally, Erythromycin is used as a component of complex treatment to enhance the therapeutic effect. Apply a thin layer of the product to the affected areas of the skin, distribute it evenly; doctors do not recommend rubbing it in.
Ointment, cream or gel- it is effective and effective remedy, with which you can get rid of various skin diseases. If teenagers experience acne on the face, chest, back and shoulders, a short course of treatment with Erythromycin can achieve positive results.
The drug is also useful for burns varying degrees, purulent skin lesions, bedsores, trophic ulcers.
The drug contains a lot of active substances that have antibacterial, bacteriostatic and anti-acne properties.
The ointment is applied several times a day and only to the affected, infected areas of the skin, distributed in an even, fairly thin layer, without rubbing. Most often, for a therapeutic effect, especially in the case of acne and purulent acne, trophic ulcers, one and a half to two months of use is enough.
If you are treating burns, then the cream is applied a couple of times a week. If you extend the course of treatment, then local side effects may occur in the form of skin itching, irritation, local redness and burning sensation.
The ointment is also used for quick treatment viral and infectious eye diseases, when inflammatory processes.
Erythromycin: dosage of the drug for the treatment of prostatitis
The antibiotic is quite effective for therapy different groups bacteria and that is why it is so widely used to treat a wide range of infectious diseases, including various forms of prostatitis.
When treating prostatitis, it is always necessary to use the most effective medicines, which give the least amount of side effects, do not cause individual intolerance or addiction, and have the property of increasing their concentration in the blood and tissues.
Those groups of different pathogens that cause inflammatory processes in the internal organs and prostate gland are precisely those that fall under the influence of the antibiotic. Erythromycin is very effective in the treatment of chronic and acute prostatitis, bacterial and infectious, which are caused by negative and gram-positive harmful microorganisms.
If we compare the effect of this antibiotic and the group of penicillins, then Erythromycin is one of those drugs that are included in the first line, and is well tolerated by patients without side effects, very rarely causes side effects, and is able to have a systemic effect on a whole series infections.
In the treatment of prostatitis, Erythromycin is used as the main therapeutic agent, and its dosage depends on the degree of the disease:
- For ordinary prostatitis, 250 mg per day is prescribed.
- In acute and rather long-term, severe and chronic form, take 4 tablets per day. The dose should be divided into 4 doses and the drug should be taken at regular intervals.
The course of therapy does not last that long - from 10 days to 2 weeks. As a preventative measure for the disease, the patient can receive 1 tablet per day for 7 to 10 days.
For prostatitis, the drug can be administered intravenously: over 5 minutes or by drip.
Modern gynecology also widely uses the drug to treat various diseases. Contraindications for use are pregnancy and lactation, since the active substances and components of the drug Erythromycin can enter the body of the child and fetus through mother's milk. The dosage is calculated only by the attending physician, depending on what kind of infection is present in the patient’s body, what kind of harmful microorganism can be more effectively killed with this particular drug, at what stage the exacerbation of the disease is and many other factors.
The antibiotic effectively fights a variety of infectious diseases: diphtheria, trachoma, syphilis, pneumopleuritis, mastitis, brucellosis, cholecystitis, exacerbation of infectious diseases of the genitourinary system. Thanks to such a wide spectrum of action on various diseases, this medicine has become in demand today and the pharmacological industry is developing more and more advanced macrolide antibiotics.
For the treatment of other diseases, the dose is:
- Gonorrhea - in the first 3 days of treatment, 500 mg every 6 hours, over the next week, i.e. 7 days - 250 mg per day.
- Whooping cough - the course of treatment will be in most cases 5 days or 2 weeks, taken from 40 to 50 mg per 1 kg of weight.
- Childhood pneumonia - 50 mg 4 times a day for 4 weeks.
- Scarlet fever - from 20 to 40 mg per day, divided into 4 times.
Erythromycin: contraindications to the use of the drug
TO a large number There are a lot of warnings about antibiotics and Erythromycin has the following contraindications:
- during lactation;
- with hypersensitivity to various components of the drug;
- in the absence of hearing;
- while taking drugs such as astemizole and terfenadine.
The drug is prescribed very carefully if the patient has a history of arrhythmia, jaundice, renal and liver failure.
Due to the fact that many children are hypersensitive to the drug, they are prescribed suppositories that do not cause vomiting.
If the dose of the medicine is exceeded, there is a dysfunction of some internal organs, in particular the liver, and sometimes hearing loss occurs.
If you have exceeded the permissible dose, you should drink activated charcoal, monitor your breathing, and do a gastric lavage. In particularly severe cases it is necessary to call ambulance and conduct clinical activities directly in the hospital.
Also, side effects from exceeding the dose of the drug can be observed from nervous system, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal tract, allergic reactions develop. Consequences such as nausea, vomiting, pain, and liver dysfunction occur.
Erythromycin belongs to the class of macrolides. It is a reserve drug for the treatment of patients with penicillin intolerance, since it has a similar spectrum of activity.
The antibiotic is capable of irreversibly binding to microbial 5OS ribosomal subunits, interfering with the translocation process and disrupting peptide bonds between bacterial amino acids, exhibiting a bacteriostatic effect. It is well tolerated and has a low incidence of adverse events.
It can be effectively absorbed when taken orally, but food intake sharply reduces the rate of its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. It is biotransformed in the liver, so when prescribed to elderly patients or patients with liver diseases, dose adjustment may be required.
Therapeutic antimicrobial concentration is achieved within two to three hours when taking tablets, and within twenty minutes when administered intravenously.
The antibiotic must be taken either an hour to an hour and a half before meals, or two to three hours after meals.
It is forbidden to break, chew, crush and dissolve in water. They should be washed down only with clean boiled water.
In elderly patients, treatment should be carried out by monitoring the biochemical parameters of the liver. If necessary, the prescribed dosages are adjusted.
The dose is not changed in persons with impaired renal function.
Is Erythromycin ® an antibiotic or not?
Erythromycin ® is an antibiotic from the macrolide group.
Broad spectrum or not?
The drug is effective against mycoplasmas, chlamydia, ureaplasma, Treponema pallidum, Listeria and Legionella, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, gonococci, diphtheria bacillus, pneumococcus, Brucella and rickettsia. Not effective against most gram pathogens, mycobacteria, viruses and fungi. That is, the spectrum of activity of the drug is quite limited and it is not a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
It is also important to consider that bacteria can quickly develop resistance to the drug.
Release forms of erythromycin ®, their composition and cost
The active ingredient is erythromycin ®.
The antimicrobial agent is available in the form:
- Table 0.25 and 0.5 grams each;
- Eye ointment (1 g of solution contains 10 thousand units of erythromycin ®;
- Ointments for external use (1 solution contains 10 thousand units of erythromycin ®);
- Flak. containing 100 mg of powder for the production of inf. solution;
- Suspensions;
- Rectal suppositories.
Erythromycin ® eye drops are not produced. In ophthalmology, this antibiotic is used in the form of an eye ointment, produced by the Russian company Tatkhimfarmpreparaty ®. Price – 100 rubles.
Photo of packaging of erythromycin tablets 250 mg
The price for a package containing 10 tablets of 500 milligrams of antibiotic, produced by the Russian pharmaceutical company Sintez ®, is 90 rubles.
Antibiotic ointment costs about seventy rubles.
Tablets of 0.25 g (20 tablets) produced by Irbitsky HFZ ® - 80 rubles.
Vials of erythromycin ®, produced by the Russian Synthesis AKOMP ® - 13 rubles each.
Other forms of release
The ointment must be applied to inflamed areas of the skin two to three times a day. For burn lesions of the skin, it is used two to three times a week.
Eye ointment should be applied to the lower eyelid every eight hours. For the treatment of trachoma it is used five times a day. The duration of treatment is up to two weeks. The course for trachoma can take up to three months, when the severity of clinical symptoms decreases, the ointment begins to be used three times a day.
Prescription for erythromycin ® in Latin
Rp: Erythromycini 0.5
D.t. d. N 10 in tab.
S. 1 tablet 4 times a day.
List of indications and contraindications for the use of erythromycin ®
The antibiotic is used to treat:
- Whooping cough;
- Trachomas;
- Carriage of diphtheria bacillus;
- Syphilis;
- Gonorrhea;
- Chlamydia;
- Amoebic dysentery;
- Legionellosis;
- Scarlet fever;
- Tonsillitis;
- Pharyngitis;
- Acne and other pustular lesions of the skin;
- Biliary tract infections;
- Bronchitis and pneumonia;
- Diseases of the genitourinary system in pregnant women;
It can also be prescribed for gastroparesis, due to its ability to accelerate the evacuation of food from the stomach, increasing the amplitude of pyloric contractions and improving antral-duodenal coordination.
In the form of an ointment, it can be used for acne, boils, trophic ulcers, bedsores, burn lesions of the skin, and infected wounds.
What does erythromycin ® eye ointment help with?
Prescribed for treatment inflammatory lesions eyes associated with macrolide-sensitive flora.
This ointment is highly effective for bacterial conjunctivitis, blepharitis and trachoma.
Can be used to treat children, pregnant and lactating women.
General contraindications to the use of erythromycin ®
Does not apply:
- for the treatment of patients with macrolide intolerance;
- in the presence of severe hearing loss;
- simultaneously with terfenadine and astemizole.
- in the last trimester of pregnancy,
- during lactation,
- in persons with severe impairments heart rate and liver diseases,
- with jaundice.
Erythromycin ® dosages for adults and children
For adult patients, the standard single dose is 0.25 g. In case of severe disease or the risk of complications, 0.5 g is prescribed. The recommended daily dose is from 1 to 2 grams. Maximum – 4 grams (at one time no more than 0.5 g). The tablets are taken four times a day (every six hours). For treatment serious illnesses Prescribe a tablet of 250-500 mg every four hours.
The standard course of treatment is from five to 14 days. It is important to remember that the drug should not be discontinued earlier than two days after the disappearance of clinical symptoms and stabilization of the condition.
Dosage of erythromycin ® tablets for children
Babies up to three months are prescribed 20-40 milligrams of the drug per kilogram per day.
WITH four months prescribed from 30 to 50 mg/kg per day. From three to six years - from 0.5 to 0.7 grams. From six to eight years – 0.7 grams. From 8 to fourteen years old, one gram per day can be prescribed. From the age of 14, adult dosages are recommended.
The daily dose is divided into four times and taken every six hours. For children, the product is used in the form of a suspension.
In dermatology, erythromycin is prescribed for the treatment of juvenile acne, 0.25 grams every 12 hours for one month. Next comes a reduction to 250 milligrams per day.
The standard for whooping cough is from 100 to two hundred mg every six hours, lasting from five to 14 days.
Basic dosage regimens for adults
To treat carriers of diphtheria bacilli, it is necessary to prescribe 0.25 grams of antibiotic twice a day.
Treatment for syphilis is carried out in courses. Their quantity depends on the form of the disease, the dosage is selected based on the patient’s weight.
If you weigh less than 60 kg, thirty grams of erythromycin should be prescribed per course of treatment.
From 60 to 80 kilos – 35 grams. Patients weighing more than eighty kilos are prescribed 40 grams per course of treatment. The duration of treatment is from 10 to 15 days.
Number of courses of antibiotic therapy:
- primary seronegative syphilis - two;
- seropositive - four;
- fresh secondary – five;
- late forms or secondary relapse – six.
For the treatment of uncomplicated forms of chlamydia, in patients with intolerance to tetracycline drugs, 0.5 grams is prescribed every six hours, for a course of seven or more (if necessary) days.
Treatment of gonorrhea is carried out at 500 milligrams four times a day for 3 days, followed by a decrease to 0.25 grams four times a day for another seven days.
Therapy for dysentery of amoebic etiology lasts from 10 to 14 days, in a daily dosage of 0.25 grams every six hours.
Legionellosis is treated within two weeks - from 0.5 grams to 1000 milligrams every six hours.
Infections of the genitourinary system in women bearing a child are treated with a course of seven or more (if necessary) days, 500 milligrams every six hours. It is possible to prescribe 0.25 grams four times a day or 0.5 grams 2 times a day for two weeks.
Therapy for pharyngitis of streptococcal etiology is carried out from twenty to fifty milligrams per kilogram per day, lasting at least 10 days.
For the treatment of gastroparesis, 150 to 250 milligrams can be prescribed half an hour before meals, three times a day.
Dosage of the drug for parenteral administration
When used parenterally, the antibiotic is prescribed intravenously (slowly) or intravenously as a dropper. For adults, the daily dose is 600 mg (single dose - 200). For severe infections, it increases to a gram per day. For babies up to three months of age, 20 to 40 milligrams per kilogram per day are prescribed. From four months to 18 years, 30 to 50 mg/kg/day is prescribed. The daily dosage should be divided into two to four administrations, depending on the severity of the disease and the prescribed dose.
For the treatment of severe infections with high risk complications, the daily allowance can be doubled.
The course of parenteral use is five to six days, after which it is recommended to switch to the tablet form.
Side effects from the use of erythromycin ®
Generally well tolerated by patients unwanted effects from prescription are quite rare and, as a rule, are manifested by dyspeptic disorders, abdominal pain, diarrhea, impaired intestinal microflora varying degrees gravity. Sometimes after a long course of antibacterial therapy, fungal infections mucous membranes (candidiasis of the vagina and oral cavity).
Rarely, pseudomembranous colitis, bile stagnation and jaundice, liver dysfunction, and drug-induced pancreatitis are possible.
The ototoxic effect of erythromycin occurs when the daily dosage exceeds four grams. Hearing loss is usually temporary and recovers after discontinuation of the drug.
Allergy to macrolides is extremely rare.
Heart rhythm disturbances and phlebitis at the injection site are also possible (with intravenous administration).
Compatibility of erythromycin ® with alcohol
The antibiotic is not compatible with alcoholic beverages. Erythromycin ® is metabolized in the liver, so drinking alcohol can lead to the development of intoxication and drug-induced hepatitis. Also, drinking alcohol reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy.
Erythromycin ® during pregnancy
Macrolides are included in the list of approved medications for use in women bearing a child. This group of antibiotics is low toxic and has small quantity contraindications and restrictions for use, is not teratogenic and is well tolerated by patients.
However, erythromycin during pregnancy, prescribed in the last trimester with system use(tablets and parenteral administration), may lead to hypertrophic pyloric stenosis at the baby's. Purpose antimicrobial agent Topically, in the form of ointments, does not lead to such an effect.
Also, given the ability of macrolides to pass into breast milk in small doses, during breastfeeding its prescription must be agreed with the attending physician.
Erythromycin ® - drug analogues
Trade names:
- Grunamycin ® ;
- Eriderm ® ;
- Izolon ® ;
- Erigexal ® ;
- Synerit ® ;
- Erythromycin-Ratiopharm ®;
- Eomycin ® ;
- Erythromycin-Teva ®;
- Eracin ® ;
- Eric ® ;
- Adimicin ® .
Combined anti-acne products:
- Isotrexin ® .
Antibiotic therapy is the basis of treatment for any bacterial infection. Doctors often choose Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic.
In case of acute infectious disease, bacterial resistance, or in other cases, a specialist can replace the drug with an analogue, with an identical composition or pharmacological action.
The pharmaceutical industry has developed many cheap analogues of the drug Erythromycin. Read the instructions for use, prices and reviews of analogues below.
Description of the medicine
Antibiotic Erythromycin is medicine reserve groups. It is prescribed in case of allergy to penicillin. The main substance in the medicine is erythromycin.
Erythromycin is active against gram-positive and most gram-negative bacteria, with the exception of enterococci, pseudomonas, and salmonella. As a rule, bacteria resistant to penicillin are also resistant to erythromycin.
Erythromycin acts systemic antibiotic, so you should take it only after first consulting a doctor.
The medicine is produced in the form of tablets, powder, ointment for external use.
Compound
- in 1 tablet– 100, 250, 500 mg of erythromycin, polysorbate, magnesium stearate, sodium carboxymethyl starch, gelatin, talc, rice and potato starch;
- in 1 g ointment– 10 thousand units. main substance, paraffin, lanolin, sodium metabisulfate;
- in 1 g eye ointment– 10 thousand units. antibiotic;
- in 1 container with powder– 100 mg erythromycin phosphate.
Antibiotic vulnerable to the acidic environment of the stomach, therefore, the tablets are coated with an enteric film. The shell contains: methacrylic acid copolymer, triethyl citrate, talc.
The cost of the product starts from 50 rubles for 1 package of 10 tablets (250 mg), from 120 rubles. per package (500 mg). The price of the ointment is from 26 rubles. per tube, from 15 rub. for 1 bottle (100 ml) with powder for solution.
Range of indications
The medicine is prescribed for the following bacterial infections:
- whooping cough;
- diphtheria;
- bronchitis, trachoma, pneumonia;
- syphilis (first stage);
- thrush in pregnant women;
- chlamydia;
- ureplasmosis;
- blepharitis, stye;
- acne, ulcers on the skin;
- otitis;
- sore throat, sinusitis, pharyngitis;
- listeriosis;
- mastitis;
- gonorrhea;
- erythrasma;
- bedsores, ulcers, burns;
- scarlet fever.
The drug has no age restrictions; it is allowed to be used by children from birth.
Features of use for adults and children
Therapy is determined on an individual basis. The dose is calculated depending on the weight, age of the patient, and severity of the condition.
The active substance is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract unstably, therefore, tablets must be taken 1.5 hours before a meal, or 2 hours after it. Take the tablet with at least a glass of water.
The daily dose for children under 8 years of age is 1-2 g, adults and children over 8 years of age are 4 g per day. After eliminating the signs of the disease, the medicine must be taken for another 2-3 days.. The minimum therapeutic course is 5 days, the maximum is 1-2 weeks.
During pregnancy, the drug can be used with caution; when breastfeeding, breastfeeding must be stopped.
Treatment through diffusion or injection should be carried out in a hospital setting, all dosages are determined by the attending physician.
Erythromycin substitutes
- intolerance to this antibiotic;
- persistent decrease in hearing function;
- use of hormonal contraceptives;
- bacterial resistance;
- gastrointestinal pathologies;
- side effects after taking erythromycin;
- liver failure.
Among all analogues, one can distinguish products with the same active substance - generics and drugs with a similar pharmacological effect, but with a different composition. Let's look at what can replace Erythromycin in tablets, ointment form and drops.
Synonyms of the drug
On domestic market Pharmaceutical products are produced in the following generics:
- Erythromycin – Teva (tablets): price – from 80 rubles per package of 10 tablets.
- Erythromycin AKOS (ointment 1%): price – from 20 rub. per tube 15 g.
- Erythromycin Phosphate (powder): price – from 40 rub. for 1 bottle 100 mg.
Indications for the use of these drugs are the same as for Erythromycin, since these analogues have the same active ingredient. Contraindications are pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to components, diarrhea, liver failure.
Imported synonyms for Erythromycin are produced in different forms:
- Ilozon (USA): suspension, price from 30 rubles per 60 ml bottle.
- Zenerit (Netherlands): powder with solvent for topical use, cost from 450 rubles.
- Altrocin – S (India):– tablets coated with a soluble coating; the price of the drug can be found in city pharmacies.
Modern foreign analogues Erythromycin has no difference in composition, with the exception of granules for preparing suspensions - these include flavorings and fruit additives for the convenience of treating children. The range of indications and limitations for drugs is the same as for domestic medicines with erythromycin.
Analog drugs
The group includes antibiotics with a different active substance, but with a similar pharmacological effect. Common substitutes for Erythromycin:
Sumamed (Croatia)
A medicine made on the basis of azithromycin, an antibiotic – azalide. Azithromycin has a wider scope of application,
than erythromycin, and is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The product is produced in the following forms:
- tablets (125, 500 mg each) price – from 320 rubles per blister (6 pcs. 125 mg each), from 460 rubles per blister (3 pcs. 500 mg each);
- capsules (250, 500 mg) price – from 550 rubles for 1 plate (6 pieces, 250 mg each), from 690 for a blister (3 pieces, 500 mg each);
- mixture for solution (50 ml bottle) price – from 270 rubles.
The medicine is indicated for acute infections, in the form of tablets this analogue Erythromycin is contraindicated for use in children under 12 years of age. The suspension can be given to infants, starting from 6 months of age.
Azithromycin (Russia, Ukraine)
The medicine is called the main element - azithromycin dihydrate.
An analogue of Erythromycin is produced in the form of tablets and capsules of 250 and 500 mg, mixtures for aqueous solution 200, 500 mg each.
Tablets and capsules should not be taken by children under 12 years of age; the solution is not recommended for infants under 1 year of age. The drug is prescribed in rare cases when the infection is advanced, in case of malfunctions in the gastrointestinal tract and liver.
Azithromycin accumulates in organs in maximum quantities, so people under 14 years of age are at risk of side effects. Only a doctor can prescribe Azithromycin, as an analogue of Erythromycin; the medicine is dispensed from pharmacies with a prescription.
With prolonged use, Azithromycin can cause candidiasis, dysbacteriosis, and vomiting. Cost – from 40 rubles per pack of 10 pcs. 250 mg each, from 90 rubles per pack of 10 pcs. 500 mg each, from 160 rub. for a container with powder for making syrup.
Wilprafen (Germany)
A product based on jazomycin (macrolide). Jazomycin is a powerful antibiotic that acts against bacterial forms resistant to penicillins and erythromycins.
Active against pathogens gynecological diseases, including Treponema pallidum.
Produced in the form of tablets, coated, 500 mg, powder for syrup, 100 ml in 1 bottle. Contraindications are intolerance to the composition element, liver dysfunction.
The drug can be taken in tablet form from the age of 14 years. Doses are calculated depending on body weight - 30 mg/kg body weight. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, Vilprafen is prescribed as needed.
Cost: from 530 rub. per package (500 mg), from 600 rub. for 1 container with powder for solution. Prices may vary in different pharmacy chains.
Dalacine (France)
A drug based on clindamycin hydrochloride, an antibiotic of the lincosamide group.
The antibiotic is effective against pathogens of sexually transmitted infections, with the exception of Trichomonas and candida. A high bacteriostatic effect is observed after using a topical anti-acne product.
The medication is available in the form of capsules of 400 mg, gel 1%, vaginal cream 2%, rectal suppositories, solution.
The drug is contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy, during lactation, and in newborns. The medicinal gel is approved for use from 12 years of age.
Currently, only Dalacin cream and gel are available in pharmacies across the country. The cost of 1% gel is from 670 rubles per 20 g tube. The price of 2% cream is from 700 rubles, the kit includes 3 applicators. On at the moment this is the only effective analogue of Erythromycin in the form of an ointment.
Are there safe analogues?
Most antibiotics, analogues of new generation Erythromycin, belong to macrolides, drugs with low toxicity. Antibiotics of other subclasses (azalides, lincosamides) have a wide range of effects on bacterial forms, but at the same time they have a number of contraindications and side effects.
Determine the maximum benefit for the body during the use of one or another antibacterial substance Only a competent specialist can do this, so you cannot self-medicate.
