pilus, i m – hair Approximate pronunciation: pilus.Z: From the saw proPIlus, as if thin

The reasons for the development of seborrhea include:

Provoking factors for hyperkeratosis include:

• pathologies of internal organs;
• impaired liver function;
• presence of diabetes mellitus;
• thyroid disorder;
• blood pathologies;
• diseases of the ichthyosis group.

The reasons for the development of pediculosis include:

• non-compliance with hyena;
• sharing combs;
• visiting a bathhouse or sauna where an infected person bathed.

Microsporia infection occurs under the following conditions:

• contact with a sick person or animal;
• avitaminosis;
• unbalanced diet;
• decreased immunity;
• violation of sanitary standards;
• excessive sweating of the skin;
• mechanical damage to the skin;
• the presence of chronic pathologies;
• exposure to environmental conditions (humid and hot climates).

The trigger mechanism for trichophytosis is:

The causes of scab are:

• contact with an infected person or animal;
• use of contaminated items;
• failure of the immune system;
• lack of protein in the diet;
• vitamin deficiency.

Causes of eczema may include:

The role of provocateurs for the appearance of dandruff are:

• improper hair care;
• frequent use of a hair dryer;
• abuse of hair cosmetics;
• lack of personal hygiene;
• failure in metabolic processes;
• stomach pathologies;
• dysfunction of the pancreas;
• presence of fungus;
• genetic factor;
• features of the skin structure.

Causes of alopecia:

• cancerous formations;
• thermal and chemical influences;
• heredity;
• autoimmune diseases.

The causes of scleroderma development include:

The reasons for the development of psoriasis include:

• genetic predisposition;
• immune system disorder;
• stress;
• infectious diseases;
• HIV infection.

Descriptions of the causes of trichological diseases:

• metabolic and hormonal disorders;
• habit of constantly scratching and touching the head;
• insufficient skin care;
• stress, depression;
• mental and physical fatigue;
• lack of balanced nutrition;
• failure to comply with hygiene and sanitation rules;
• infections;
• use of inappropriate hygiene products;
• unhealthy lifestyle;
• abuse of cosmetics and hairdressing products: long-term perm, hair sprays, dyeing, etc.;
• poor environment;
• tissue damage;
• violation of security measures in transport and public areas;
• wearing tight elastic bands, headbands, warm hats at a comfortable temperature.

Often, dermatological diseases of the scalp are provoked by a frivolous or negligent attitude towards health, as well as a person’s failure to comply with safety measures when in contact with strangers. But how to treat the disease? The use of medications and lifestyle changes helps to get rid of the problem, and in case of genetic causes or chronic diseases, it can significantly alleviate the course of the disease.

Stages and degrees of skin diseases in the scalp

1. Seborrhea is a dermatological disease of a chronic nature. The initial degree of pathology is characterized by damage to skin folds, the appearance of rashes and peeling. There is also a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which manifests itself in regurgitation and loose stools.

2. In the second stage, the pathology spreads to the skin, creating a greasy crust.

Sometimes the disease provokes the development of:

1. The third stage of seborrhea rarely develops. The basis of the disease is a malfunction of internal organs

Hyperkeratosis of the scalp develops gradually. However, without treatment, the pathology can cause baldness. In the first stage, the skin becomes dry and begins to peel.

The second stage is characterized by hair loss. The third stage is characterized by thickening of the epidermis, in which growths of keratinized cells develop. This process is irreversible, as hair follicles die.

At the initial stage of pediculosis, itching of the scalp is noted. In advanced cases, lice bites provoke the development of crusts filled with pus, as well as sticking of hair strands due to pus and a large accumulation of nits.

The rate of development of microsporia is very high. If in the initial stages there is itching and flaking of the scalp, then in the later stages of the disease round-shaped areas are formed that have clear boundaries.

The superficial course of ringworm is characterized by the development of areas of peeling of the skin and brittle hair. The skin in this area becomes swollen and inflamed. The patient complains of constant itching. Broken hair appears as black dots.

In the initial stages of scab, redness of the scalp is noted. Small pustules develop. In the later stages of the disease, in the absence of therapy, yellowish crusts form in the form of scutes that resemble a honeycomb.

The crusts begin to merge and form large affected areas. The skin under the crusts begins to atrophy, which provokes baldness. My curls lose their shine and strength, and my hair begins to fall out. The remaining hair looks like tow.

Eczema can occur along with seborrhea. At the initial stage, papules and spots form. As the disease progresses, dry skin and brittle hair develop.

1. Progressive phase. It notes:

• peeling;
• the appearance of plaques;
• bleeding;
• dandruff.

2. At the intermediate stationary stage, itching ceases to bother the patient. The plaques become horny. The redness of the edges of the tumors becomes less pronounced.

3. In the regressing phase, peeling practically stops. Pigmentation may disappear. The patient's well-being becomes optimal.

Alopecia

Everyone knows that hair can fall out in different ways: you can pick strands from your comb and pillows a couple of times a year, or you can lose them in clumps, from which areas of the scalp will be exposed. The latter case is called baldness in everyday life, and alopecia in medicine.

This is intense hair loss, which one way or another actually leads to baldness - partial or complete. This pathology is associated either with age-related changes occurring in the body, or with serious internal diseases, without treatment of which it is impossible to get rid of such a scourge.

Trichologists distinguish several types of disease:

• diffuse alopecia- hair becomes rare and thin over the entire surface of the head;
• alopecia areata- areas of complete absence of hair form on the head;
• androgenetic alopecia- baldness, dictated by an increased level of male sex hormones in the blood;
• total alopecia- complete absence of hair on the head, i.e. a bald person.

These scalp diseases most often affect men and women in adulthood, although in case of severe illnesses, after undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, young people, still very young, suffer from alopecia.

Any type of baldness is a very unpleasant cosmetic defect that can cause serious psychological trauma (especially for young girls and young women).

In order not to bring the matter to such a serious condition, at the first symptoms of the disease it is necessary to seek professional help from trichologists, who will identify the cause of alopecia, determine the type of pathology, and prescribe treatment.

A common scalp disease is hair loss. It affects mature men and women more often. Alopecia combines the names of dermatological diseases associated with hair loss.

Types of disease:

• scar;
• focal;
• diffuse;
• seborrheic;
• non-scarring;
• androgenic.

The problem may be genetic, psychological, or physiological in nature. In most cases, the disease can be cured completely or symptoms can be relieved.

Symptoms of skin diseases in the scalp

Sores on the head in the hair, the causes of which can only be correctly determined by a dermatologist, have certain symptoms depending on the type.

In the oily form, the following symptoms are noted:

The liquid form has the following characteristics:

• loss of shine in hair;
• hair greasiness;
• gluing strands.

The dry form is accompanied by:

• skin irritation;
• peeling;
• hair fragility;
• the appearance of dandruff;
• itching.

As a rule, patients develop a mixed type of disease.

With a mixed form, the following is observed:

• oily skin in the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle;
• pore contamination;
• dryness in the cheek area.

With hyperkeratosis the following are noted:

• the presence of small pimples and dark red bumps;
• roughness on the scalp;
• hair fragility.

With pediculosis the following are noted:

• itchy skin in the ears, temples and back of the head;
• the appearance of a rash in the form of red dots;
• enlarged lymph nodes on the head;
• suppuration at the site of scratching.

Symptoms of microsporia include:

With trichophytosis, the following symptoms are distinguished:

• hair loss and fragility;
• the formation of red spots that become burgundy over time;
• black spots on the head;
• swelling;
• discharge from the spots of liquid mixed with pus;
• peeling of the skin.

When scab occurs:

• development of small pustules;
• redness of the scalp;
• loss of shine in hair;
• hair thinning.

Eczema causes:

• rashes in the form of round plaques;
• burning;
• pain.

Symptoms of dandruff include:

Alopecia is characterized by hair loss.

Symptoms of scleroderma include:

• the presence of rounded foci of inflammation on the scalp;
• baldness;
• cessation of sweating;
• secretion of sebum.

Symptoms of psoriasis include:

• the presence of red or purple plaques;
• bleeding of the skin;
• peeling;
• dandruff;
• hair loss.

Oily seborrhea

It occurs due to disruption of the sebaceous glands, and, as a consequence, their pathologically high activity. The risk of the disease is increased in adult men over 30 years of age.

The catalyst can be:

• infection with a type of yeast fungus,
• lack of vitamins,
• tendency to increased oiliness of the skin,
• the presence of endocrine diseases;
• eating disorders;
• prolonged or intense stress;
• metabolic disorders;
• genetic predisposition;
• insufficient scalp care.

With a skin disease, an oily sheen is observed, giving the impression that the hair is dirty or damp. Also characteristic is an increase in hair stiffness and a deterioration in its elasticity. After washing, the patient may notice yellowish dandruff appearing, sticking the strands together.

This disease is caused by the same factors as oily seborrhea. However, this disease has features:

• significant drying of the scalp;
• the appearance of a large amount of dandruff;
• feeling of intense itching.

Dandruff can be of different shades, and the deterioration of the hair condition progresses. In some cases, the patient may aggravate the situation by scratching the dry scalp until bleeding wounds or sores appear. Both types of seborrhea can be successfully treated.

Sometimes dandruff and seborrhea are called the same disease, using these words as synonyms. However, dandruff is just the cause of a more serious and quite severe scalp disease - seborrheic dermatitis.

This is a pathological disorder of the sebaceous glands of the head, which are located near the hair follicles and secrete subcutaneous fat, the functions of which are very important for the health of the scalp and the appearance of the hair.

It protects curls from external aggressors in the form of ultraviolet radiation and low temperatures, moisturizes, and gives natural shine. However, if the glands begin to produce too much of it or, conversely, very little, the consequences are very sad.

Symptoms of this scalp disease may include:

• entire areas of greasy, shiny, glossy skin form on the head;
• hair quickly becomes dirty and greasy within a few hours after washing your hair;
• a lot of dandruff appears;
• the scalp is inflamed and may not just itch, but hurt in the literal sense of the word;
• a slight itching of the scalp gradually develops into a great desire to scratch it until it bleeds;
• hair may begin to fall out.

The consequences of seborrhea do not bode well for the sick person, because among them:

1. Difficult to treat and very painful pustular diseases of the scalp;
2. A scattering of acne vulgaris;
3. Constant physical discomfort in the form of itching of the scalp;
4. A cosmetic defect that no hair care product can remove

Treatment of this scalp disease is prescribed by a trichologist, based on the individual characteristics of the patient’s body and the reasons that provoked the development and progression of seborrhea.

Complex therapy includes a hypoallergenic diet, a course of antimycotic treatment, and physiotherapeutic procedures (darsonvalization, cryomassage). This treatment is effective against both types of seborrheic dermatitis - oily and dry.

Oily seborrhea is a disease that occurs due to dysfunction of the sebaceous glands and a pathological increase in their activity.

All the features of this disease are given below:

1. Men over 30 years of age are at risk. The causative agent is a specific type of yeast fungus, but the disease can also be triggered by prolonged experience of stressful situations, a tendency towards increased oiliness of the skin, the presence of endocrine diseases, lack of vitamins, impaired metabolism, poor heredity or lack of proper hair care.
2. The main symptom is the presence of an unhealthy oily sheen, due to which the hairstyle always seems dirty or damp. Even after washing, a rapid formation of yellowish oily dandruff is observed, which sticks the strands together. There is also a thick form of oily seborrhea, which is characterized by an increase in the rigidity of the hairline and a deterioration in its elasticity.
3. Antifungal shampoos are used for treatment, but this measure alone is not enough. It will be necessary to carry out diagnostics and find out the main causes of this disease, which will prevent possible relapses.
4. Effective prevention is following the rules and regulations of personal hygiene, choosing the right products for washing your hair, giving up bad habits and leading a healthy lifestyle, ensuring a balanced and nutritious diet, maintaining the immune system in good condition and taking preventive vitamin complexes.

Dry seborrhea occurs for the same reasons as the oily variety, but this disease has its own individual characteristics:

1. The main symptom is severe drying of the skin, which leads to flaking of the scalp and the appearance of a large amount of dandruff; its color may vary. Against the background of dandruff formation, severe itching gradually begins to be felt and a general deterioration in the condition of the hair is observed.
2. To treat dry seborrhea, complex therapy is used, which will consist of the use of antifungal drugs and shampoos with a moisturizing effect to restore water balance. At the discretion of the specialist, physiotherapeutic procedures may be prescribed, including cryotherapy, mesotherapy or cryomassage. In the most advanced and complex situations, hormonal-type pharmacological medications and medications with high levels of zinc are prescribed.
3. Preventive measures are exactly the same as for oily seborrhea.

Diagnosis of skin diseases in the scalp

Hair sores on the head, the causes of which depend on the type of disease, require careful diagnosis.

Diagnostics involves:

• taking anamnesis;
• visual inspection;
• hair and blood tests in the laboratory.

Hardware diagnostics are also used. The scalp is examined using special devices equipped with a video camera and a microscope. The camera image is displayed on a computer monitor.

Computer diagnostics can display:

• change in the structure of the hair follicle;
• disruption of the sebaceous glands;
• presence of hair loss,
• the presence of a skin disease.

Phototrichogram allows you to track pathology over time. Using this method, an accurate diagnosis can be made.

It allows you to evaluate:

Through spectral analysis of the hair, trace elements are examined at the microscopic level, which makes it possible to detect an imbalance of trace elements in the hair and detect damage from poisons and chemicals.

The cost of an examination in Moscow ranges from 400 to 10,000 rubles, depending on the type of diagnostic procedure. In Samara, such a service will cost from 600 to 7,000 rubles.

Psoriasis

The situation with psoriasis is much more complicated, since this disease, although it does not pose a threat to human life, often goes into a chronic phase and disrupts the aesthetic appearance.

All its main features are discussed in more detail below:

1. There are different forms of psoriasis, but the main symptom is always the appearance of noticeable patches covered with easily detachable scales, which are usually grayish or white in color.
2. Factors that can provoke this disease are: excessive increase in load on the central nervous system; dietary disorders; previous injuries; frequent hypothermia; tendency to an allergic reaction and its exacerbation.
3. In the initial stages, psoriasis can be cured by treating the affected areas with various ointments, which include one of the following components: salicylic acid, zinc oxide or tar. In all other cases, specialists prescribe potent pharmacological drugs for oral administration. Drug therapy usually includes sedatives, corticosteroids and vitamin complexes.

Factors that increase the risk of developing or relapsing psoriasis:

• genetic predisposition;
• eating disorders;
• frequent hypothermia;
• infection with infectious diseases;
• allergic reactions;
• excessive stress on the central nervous system;
• neglect of personal hygiene;
• previous injuries or illnesses;
• decreased immunity.

The causes of psoriasis are not clear. It has been established that the risk of the disease increases to 25% if one of the person’s parents is diagnosed with psoriasis. The indicator increases to 75%. For healthy parents, the risk of having a child with psoriasis is no more than 17%. The connection between the state of the central nervous system and the development of psoriasis has also been proven, but not deeply studied; when the psychological state of patients is stabilized, significant improvements are observed.

When to see a doctor

Sores on the head in the hair require competent consultation with a specialist. Only a doctor can determine the cause of the pathology. If you have a problem with the scalp, you should contact a trichologist. The doctor will conduct appropriate studies and prescribe a treatment regimen.

You should contact a trichologist in the following cases:

Contacting a trichologist is also necessary if inflammation is visually visible in the form of pads filled with pus. This indicates a pathology of the hair follicle.

Ringworm

One of the most common infectious diseases that significantly affects the scalp. Scalp lesions are caused by a type of fungus. It has been found that people with vitamin A deficiency are more susceptible to the disease.

Causes of the disease:

• violation of personal hygiene rules;
• contact with a carrier of lichen: animal or human;
• use of contaminated personal hygiene items;
• serious damage to the skin;
• significant decrease in immunity.

The incubation period lasts up to four days. Symptoms: the skin on the head is covered with red or pink spots in the shape of rings, there is severe itching. The success of treatment largely depends on the patient and his lifestyle.

Ringworm is an infectious disease that affects the scalp and is caused by a specific type of fungus.

Symptoms, causes and methods of getting rid of the disease are described below:

1. Infection most often occurs through direct contact with infected warm-blooded animals, people or their personal hygiene items.
2. Factors that increase the risk of infection: lack of vitamin A in the body, systematic contact with an infected person, failure to comply with personal hygiene rules, poor immune system condition and the presence of serious damage to the skin.
3. The incubation period is no more than 3-4 days, after which the main symptoms begin to be observed: the appearance of characteristic spots in the form of rings of a reddish or pinkish color, while a feeling of itching is felt in the affected areas.
4. When the first signs of the disease appear, urgent action is necessary, since otherwise the disease may become chronic. Therapy usually consists of oral medications with antifungal components, such as Lamisil, as well as topical treatment. Sulfur-tar ointments, alcohol solutions of iodine and preparations containing salicylic acid show a high degree of effectiveness. Often, additional treatment of affected hair is required, following a diet and taking vitamin and mineral complexes that can improve the immune system and the body’s natural resistance.

Prevention of skin diseases in the scalp

Preventive measures include:

Microsporia

Microsporia is another fungal disease that simultaneously affects the skin and scalp, and in the most severe cases, also the nail plates.

All the features of the course and treatment of this disease are given below:

1. Children aged 5-12 years are at risk; microsporia occurs in adults only in rare cases. This is due to the high level of concentration of organic acids in the hair, which does not allow the pathogenic fungus to actively multiply.
2. The lesions from which the lesions spread are most often located on the crown or temples. Their size is usually no more than 2-5 cm, and their borders have clear, rounded outlines. The first symptom is peeling of the skin in the affected areas, but after a week the fungus also affects the hair, which becomes too brittle and begins to fall out after numerous mechanical damages. Sometimes there are forms of microscopy in which swelling and inflammatory processes of a purulent type occur, which is why soft blue-red nodes appear on the head.
3. To treat microsporia, a 5% tincture of iodine is usually used, as well as various ointments containing salicylic acid, tar or sulfur. The specifics of therapy depend on the form of the disease and the specifics of its course; oral antibiotics are often additionally prescribed.

Another common dermatological ailment of the scalp. In advanced cases, nails also suffer. The disease most often affects children 5-12 years old. Adults usually do not suffer from microsporia due to physiological characteristics: a high concentration of organic acids in the hair, which inhibit the proliferation of the fungus.

In rare cases, the disease is accompanied by the appearance of swelling and purulent inflammation, the appearance of blue-red nodules.

Treatment of scalp diseases

Depending on the type of disease affecting the scalp, various treatment methods are used.

For fungal diseases, it is advisable to use special shampoos, the action of which is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of fungal activity and improving the condition of the skin. The following antifungal agents can be noted:

• Nizoral shampoo, the use of which can reduce pain and eliminate itching, as well as get rid of flaking;
• Dermazole, which can also be used to treat seborrheic dermatitis;
• Cynovitis. Affects the skin and improves the functioning of the sebaceous glands. It is also used for various types of dermatitis.

Use antifungal agents in the same way as regular shampoos. Depending on the disease, as well as the type of shampoo chosen, the course of treatment can last from 3 days to 2 weeks.

If you have dermatological diseases of the scalp, you must definitely consult a trichologist who will determine the correct course of treatment. Its duration, as well as the methods of therapy used, will depend on the reasons that led to the development of the disease.

After examination and diagnosis, your doctor will determine why your scalp is giving you so many problems and tell you how to proceed. Depending on the disease, appropriate treatment will be prescribed.

Any scalp fungus is treated primarily medicinally with systemic antifungal drugs. Despite their high efficiency, they are toxic and therefore have many contraindications: cancer, blood diseases, metabolic disorders, vascular pathology of the extremities.

Usually prescribed in such cases are Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Griseofulvin, various keratolytic agents (both tablets and ointments), all kinds of local drugs (antifungal balms and shampoos). Treatment of fungal diseases of the scalp usually lasts more than one month. Sometimes antibiotics and hormone-containing drugs are even prescribed.

If one of the dermatitis has been diagnosed, treatment of the hair and scalp is comprehensive and is aimed primarily at eliminating the symptoms of the disease. The patient is recommended to normalize his diet (eating more foods that contain a lot of zinc, selenium, vitamins A, B, C). Antifungal drugs are prescribed (Nizoral, Mycozoral, Sebozol, Nisorex).

For pediculosis, it will be enough to treat the scalp at home, involving external treatment. Pharmacies today have a fairly wide selection of drugs for the treatment of this disease. Use Permitrin, Para-plus, Spray-pax, Nittifor, Medifox, A-Par and other similar drugs.

If you have folliculitis, you can no longer limit yourself to home treatment. The specialist must open all the formed purulent pustules and remove the pus from there. Ichthyol ointment is often used. In the most severe cases, antibacterial therapy and complex treatment with supportive immunotherapy are used.

If you have been diagnosed with similar scalp diseases, when you contact a specialist, a properly selected course of treatment will allow you to get rid of them in the shortest possible time. To avoid all these troubles and not be poisoned by medications, you need to be able to properly care for your scalp.

Pathologies bring discomfort to the patient, psychological problems provoke the development of complexes. At an early stage, it is possible to cure pathologies. Late stages take on a protracted, chronic nature.

Therapy for the scalp is carried out using medications, vitamin complexes, and hormonal drugs. Folk remedies and physiotherapeutic procedures are also used.

Favus

A disease of a fungal nature, its more common name is “scab”. Symptoms: dry and dense crusts on the scalp, thick at the edges, but sinking towards the center. The middle of the lesion may be covered with fine hair. Accompanied by itching and an unpleasant odor in the affected area. The crusts are difficult to separate, the skin is injured, and bleeding begins. With favus, the hair becomes dull, thinner, brittle and easily separated from the skin (for example, when combing).

Transfer methods:

• through contact with a sick animal or person;
• when using infected items.

The risk group includes people with reduced immunity, an unfavorable lifestyle, volunteers, and animal breeders. The doctor can determine how to treat scab after taking an analysis and acutely.

Eczema

Eczema comes in many different forms, with the scalp usually affected by the seborrheic variety.

This disease has many forms, but it is the scalp that most often suffers from the seborrheic variety. Description: the appearance of yellowish plaques of different sizes, hair loss. Gradually, the plaques dry out, become crusty and begin to peel off.

Factors that provoke or aggravate the disease:

Skin diseases in this case can be chronic and aggravated by stress, contact with caustic substances, and also be a reaction to a new hygiene product.

Pediculosis

Most often, lice are localized in the scalp of humans. However, they can spread to the groin area, live in clothing, or travel throughout the body. Often the disease is not noticed, attributing the occurrence of bites to mosquitoes. Symptoms: tactile sensations (someone crawling on the body), moving hair, the appearance of itchy red and swollen bites.

In an advanced case of pediculosis or due to the characteristics of the patient’s body, the lymph nodes may become enlarged, deep scratching may appear, threatening infectious diseases.

All features of the course of pediculosis and treatment for it are discussed below:

This is a purulent infectious skin lesion that affects the head and other parts of the human body. It can be caused by bacteria or fungus; to prescribe adequate treatment, it is necessary to establish the nature of folliculitis. The risk group includes people living in hot climates or unsanitary conditions. The lesion affects the area near the hair follicle, then a purulent pustule forms.

Skin diseases, for the most part, indicate a disruption in the functioning of the entire body. Therefore, it is extremely important to seek medical help in time to make an accurate diagnosis and undergo adequate treatment.

Folliculitis is a purulent lesion of the skin that can affect not only the head, but also other parts of the body.

The features of this disease are discussed below:

1. People living in countries with hot climates or unsanitary conditions are at risk.
2. The lesions are located near the hair follicles, and a pustule with pus inside is formed. After opening, a small ulcer remains, which soon becomes covered with a crust consisting of a mixture of blood and pus. It usually takes about a week for complete healing; after peeling off the crust, a scar may remain in its place.
3. Treatment is prescribed depending on the form and causes of folliculitis. For bacterial infections, antibiotics are prescribed; for herpetic infections, acyclovir is prescribed; and for fungal infections, special antifungal drugs are prescribed. In more complex cases, potent drugs are prescribed, but at the initial stage it is sufficient to treat the affected areas with green or fucarcin.

You may also be interested

Appearance is important for a person, as he is in society, communicates, and engages in various activities. Both men and women with neatly styled and well-groomed hair look more attractive.

That's why we get so upset when our hair's health is compromised. This is often associated with the occurrence of scalp disease. In such cases, it is necessary to establish the cause of the deterioration and take appropriate measures to correct the situation.

The skin, like any human organ, is exposed to internal and external factors throughout life. It requires a normal supply of nutrients and protection from bacterial and fungal infections.

If your hair looks bad, it often falls out or even in clumps, your scalp is flaky, you may have an infection and need treatment.

The main diseases of the scalp and hair that occur due to fungal infection:

• seborrheic dermatitis caused by the yeast Malassezia;
• lichen;
• white and black piedra (tricosporia);
• sporotrichosis;
• dermatomycosis.

The appearance of rashes on the scalp may be associated with exposure to external factors. A lesion such as eczema, a bacterial infection, is accompanied by the appearance of ulcers and requires complex treatment.

Seborrhea

The cause of this disease is a malfunction of the sebaceous glands on the head.

Dandruff appears due to insufficient oil secretion through the pores or oily secretions, acne - due to excess.

Types of seborrhea:

• fat;
• dry;
• combined.

Most often it occurs during adolescence in girls. The causes of dry seborrhea can be a decrease in the body's immune functions, neuroses, poor nutrition, and hormonal changes.

Prolonged oily seborrhea in men can result in baldness. The source of pathology is often an increase in the level of androgens and, as a result, an increase in the secretion of fat from the sebaceous glands. Women also develop seborrhea due to changes in the balance of androgens, progesterone and estrogens.

In addition to the listed reasons, seborrhea can lead to:

• Parkinson's and Itsenko-Cushing's disease;
• psychosis, epilepsy;
• lack of biotin (vitamin H);
• abuse of anabolic steroids;
• sleeping sickness;
• long-term use of glucocorticosteroids.

The difference between seborrhea and seborrheic dermatitis lies in the very cause of the pathology. Dermatitis is caused by yeast-like fungi.

Normally, everyone has them, but any negative factors lead to the active proliferation of fungi, which becomes the cause of the disease.

What measures need to be taken:

• consult a dermatologist;
• pass the necessary tests to make a diagnosis (blood for biochemistry and hormones, skin scraping);
• if there is a suspicion of hormonal disorders, an ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland should be performed.

After diagnosis, the patient is prescribed medications to combat the causes of the disease: antifungal drugs, selenium and sulfur compounds, vitamins and others.

Psoriasis

A disease of non-infectious nature associated with autoimmune processes in the body. It looks like red spots that rise above the surface of the skin. and peels off.

Manifestations of scalp disease, a photo of which clearly demonstrates their appearance, look like plaques. They become inflamed on the scalp, and pain may occur due to scratching.

The roughened dermis must be treated by taking medications and applying topical products. Creams, ointments are used, vitamin complexes are taken. Research into the nature of psoriasis is still ongoing.

Various theories have been put forward about its causes:

• endocrine and metabolic disorders;
• genetic predisposition;
• a malfunction in the body's immune system.

Some scientists adhere to the theory of the viral origin of psoriasis. But so far there are no reliable facts that would unambiguously confirm this version.

Your doctor may use the following methods to combat psoriasis:

• medications for internal use;
• local medications in the form of ointments containing glucocorticosteroids, tar and vitamins;
• treatment with ultraviolet radiation;
• cryotherapy.

Psoriasis is a very common disease. It can occur in a mild form, but under the influence of negative factors it leads to serious consequences. If there is a risk of complications, in addition to basic treatment, doctors recommend giving up bad habits, eating right and avoiding stressful situations. Hair loss due to inflammation of the hair follicle

Hair loss due to inflammation of the hair follicle

When bacteria enter the hair follicle, it becomes inflamed. turning into small greenish ulcers. Over time, they burst and dry out. In severe cases, boils appear.

Treatment of hair disease includes the application of compresses or lubrication with medications: salicylic, camphor alcohol, brilliant green. Medicinal shampoos, ointments and balms are used to help destroy the infection. Compliance with personal hygiene rules is mandatory.

The disease primarily affects the scalp, but the ears, chest, and shoulder blades can also be affected. Outwardly it looks like red plaques with a yellowish or red color. Gradually, the spots can connect, forming brown redness in the shape of a wave. In severe cases, painful wounds form due to trauma to the skin.

Unfavorable factors contribute to the occurrence of eczema:

• poor nutrition;
• alcohol abuse;
• exposure to chemicals;
• thermal burns;
• active proliferation of fungal microflora.

Eczema most often occurs in people with a family history of a similar disease.

Treatment of the scalp is quite lengthy and is accompanied by the use of medications that help eliminate the lesions.

Pediculosis

If head lice is not treated promptly, severe scratching may occur. Red spots, itching, and peeling of scales appear on the head and neck. The surface of the skin is severely damaged.

To avoid suffering from the consequences of the disease, you need to be careful and minimize the risk of scalp diseases.

Treating hair diseases, especially if they are fungal in nature, is quite difficult. The lengthy process is aggravated by the difficulty in making a diagnosis.

The identified pathogenic factor may be difficult to influence. Tips for hair care and prevention of skin diseases include the following:

• observing the rules of personal hygiene, which means using only your own comb. You cannot wear other people's hats. Clothing and personal hygiene items may contain pathogens;
• Washing your hair with shampoo too often is not recommended. Hair care cosmetics should not contain aggressive ingredients. The correct selection of shampoo and conditioner will eliminate the need to carry out further medical procedures;
• It is advisable to take vitamins and monitor your diet. A painful condition associated with poor nutrition and gastrointestinal disorders leads to poor absorption of nutrients. Pathologies such as anorexia, bulimia, chronic diarrhea cause hair loss, since human organs do not receive enough nutrients.

Conclusion

When the first signs of a pathological process appear in the body, you cannot postpone a visit to the doctor. It is necessary to correctly identify the factors causing hair loss and undergo the necessary treatment.

It is necessary to get rid of stress, neuroses, depression and other mental disorders. Neuropsychic pathologies lead to hormonal changes. In severe cases, hair may even fall out in clumps.

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Hair diseases: 8 most common scalp diseases

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A brief overview of what diseases of the hair and scalp are very common today, the causes of their occurrence, salon and traditional methods of treatment, the role of trichology in the life of a modern person. Useful information about when to sound the alarm and how to distinguish one hair disease from another.

Hair is not a separate, independent organ. This is nothing more than an appendage of the skin - this fact explains the direct dependence of hair on the health of the scalp. It, in turn, reflects, as if in a mirror, all the failures of the internal organs: the immune system has weakened, the stomach has malfunctioned, the nerves have lost their nerves - all this is reflected in the condition of the hair, which begins to get sick. Itching, falling out, becoming covered with greasy sheen and dandruff, thinning, breaking - many different misfortunes befall them.

In such situations Diseases of the hair and scalp cannot always be treated on your own; the help of specialists is required. There is a separate branch of medicine - trichology (“the study of hair”), which studies the structure, diseases, growth, protection, nutrition of hair and scalp.

It is trichologists who should be contacted if problems arise on this issue. A review of the most common, relevant, and widespread scalp diseases today will help you determine what’s wrong with your hair, why it started to hurt, and how it’s treated.

Alopecia/baldness

Everyone knows that hair can fall out in different ways: you can pick strands from your comb and pillows a couple of times a year, or you can lose them in clumps, from which areas of the scalp will be exposed. The latter case is commonly called baldness, but in medicine it is called baldness.

This is intense hair loss, which one way or another actually leads to baldness - partial or complete. This pathology is associated either with age-related changes occurring in the body, or with serious internal diseases, without treatment of which it is impossible to get rid of such a scourge.

Trichologists distinguish several types of disease:

• diffuse alopecia - hair becomes thin on the entire surface of the head;
• alopecia areata - areas of complete absence of hair form on the head;
• androgenetic alopecia - baldness, dictated by an increased level of male sex hormones in the blood;
• total alopecia - complete absence of hair on the head, i.e. a bald person.

These scalp diseases most often affect men and women in adulthood, although in case of severe illnesses, after undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, young people, still very young, suffer from alopecia.

Any type of baldness is a very unpleasant cosmetic defect that can cause serious psychological trauma (especially for young girls and young women).

In order not to bring the matter to such a serious condition, at the first symptoms of the disease it is necessary to seek professional help from trichologists, who will identify the cause of alopecia, determine the type of pathology, and prescribe treatment.

Loss

Every woman at least once in her life is faced with the trouble of having to pick up hair that has fallen out in clumps throughout the house: not only from a comb, but also from pillows, chairs, bathtubs, clothes and other places where hair comes into contact.

Hair loss is not alopecia, although it may well lead to it in particularly advanced conditions. This is a gradual and not so intense process of hair loss, which is caused by a variety of factors and circumstances.

Trichologists call the causes of this hair disease:

• vitamin deficiency - a lack (most often seasonal) of micro- and macroelements and vitamins in the body;
• side effect from long-term or improper use of certain medications;
• hormonal imbalances;
• all kinds of infectious diseases;
• failure in the nervous system (constant stress, prolonged depressive states, nervous breakdowns);
• a hereditary factor can also cause the disease;
• inadequate, improper care of hair and scalp.

In order to treat this disease and not lead to alopecia, it is necessary to first determine what caused its development. After this, you need to try with all your might to eliminate this provoking factor from your life.

Only then can you begin treatment as prescribed by a trichologist, make homemade masks against hair loss and to strengthen the roots

This will allow you to completely restore the hair on your head and not return to this problem again.

Dandruff

Dandruff is becoming a disease of the 21st century, the scourge of modern man, from which even the most modern and effective, expensive and branded products sometimes cannot save. This is a kind of peeling of the epithelium of the head, when due to intense exfoliation of the skin, grayish-white scales are formed - dead cells that fall off the head at the most inopportune moments.

Dandruff is not an independent disease of the scalp: it is just a symptom of various internal malfunctions in the body. The modern generation is no different in health, so trichologists are sounding the alarm: today, about 75% of the entire population suffers from dandruff.

The reasons can be very different:

• hypothermia not only of the entire body as a whole, but also of the scalp in particular (this applies to those who walk without a hat in the cold);
• frequent use of thermal hair tools - hair dryer, straightener, curling iron;
• weakened immune system;
• poor-quality headgear material (synthetics);
• avitaminosis;
• skin reaction to incorrectly selected or low-quality hair cosmetics;
• poor, unhealthy diet (large amounts of fast foods, fatty foods, marinades, spicy foods, alcoholic and carbonated drinks);
• disturbances in the functioning of the stomach;
• neuroses, chronic stress, constant depression;
• changes in hormonal levels (during puberty, menopause, pregnancy, when taking hormonal drugs).

Most of the reasons depend on the lifestyle a person leads. At the first signs of illness, it is recommended to seriously think about proper care for your hair and scalp. Treatment can be at home, if it is still possible to correct it (normalize diet, give up bad habits, choose suitable products for scalp care).

But if the disease is advanced, it will be more useful to seek help from a trichologist.

He will recommend treatment procedures, among which the most effective are cryomassage and physiotherapy.

Seborrhea

Sometimes dandruff is called the same disease, using these words as synonyms. However, dandruff is just the cause of a more serious and quite severe scalp disease - seborrheic dermatitis.

This is a pathological disorder of the sebaceous glands of the head, which are located near the hair follicles and secrete subcutaneous fat, the functions of which are very important for the health of the scalp and the appearance of the hair.

It protects curls from external aggressors in the form of ultraviolet radiation and low temperatures, moisturizes, and gives natural shine. However, if the glands begin to produce too much of it or, conversely, very little, the consequences are very sad.

Symptoms of this disease scalp may manifest itself in the following:

• entire areas of greasy, shiny, glossy skin form on the head;
• hair quickly becomes dirty and greasy within a few hours after washing your hair;
• a lot of dandruff appears;
• the scalp is inflamed and may not just itch, but hurt in the literal sense of the word;
• a slight itching of the scalp gradually develops into a great desire to scratch it until it bleeds;
• hair may begin to fall out.

Consequences of seborrhea do not promise anything good for the sick person, because among them:

1. Difficult to treat and very painful pustular diseases of the scalp;
2. A scattering of acne vulgaris;
3. Constant physical discomfort in the form of itching of the scalp;
4. A cosmetic defect that no hair care product can remove

Treatment of this scalp disease is prescribed by a trichologist, based on the individual characteristics of the patient’s body and the reasons that provoked the development and progression of seborrhea.

Complex therapy includes a hypoallergenic diet, a course of antimycotic treatment, and physiotherapeutic procedures (darsonvalization, cryomassage). This treatment is effective against both types of seborrheic dermatitis - oily and dry.

Section

Many people believe that split ends are nothing more than a cosmetic defect that goes away on its own and does not require any treatment. This opinion is erroneous, because hair that begins to split anywhere on its shaft is a disease that is familiar to trichologists. This disease most often manifests itself against the background of excessive dry hair.

At the same time, one can observe a variety of symptoms:

• lifeless, dull appearance of hair;
• splitting strands along the entire length, and not just the ends;
• severe tangles that complicate the combing process;
• weakening and thinning of hair;
• fragility, as well as the loss of strands that accompanies the disease, is more correctly considered a consequence of split ends, and not its symptoms.

Like the treatment of other diseases of the scalp and hair, you need to get rid of cuts by eliminating unfavorable factors from your life that could provoke this disease.

This can be constant stress, uncontrolled use of medications, poor nutrition, abuse of a hairdryer, poor-quality coloring, frequent perms, washing your hair with chlorinated water. If you try to get rid of this set and provide your hair with proper care, most likely, you will never have to deal with split ends.

Fragility

Dry, dehydrated hair is also far from a cosmetic defect, which everyone considers these misfortunes to be. In trichology, there is even a scientific term for these phenomena: professionals call this disease trichoclasia.

It is also either a sure symptom of some internal pathologies and diseases, or the result of a negligent attitude towards one’s own curls. The congenital form of the disease (the so-called nodular trichoclasia) is diagnosed in a few.

Most often we are talking about the acquisition of fragility as a result of:

• chronic disturbances in the functioning of the stomach;
• problems with the urinary system;
• chronic infections (tonsillitis, tuberculosis);
• helminthic infestations;
• frequent hair coloring;
• regular chemical perms.

Treatment of this disease begins with identifying the cause and excluding it. Then treatments that support hair health are prescribed. Therapy of the underlying internal disease is the basis for treating hair fragility.

Today, the success and well-being of a modern person is largely determined by the signs of his good physical health and flourishing appearance. Pay attention to nails, facial skin, figure and, of course, hair.

Shiny, beautiful, healthy, without cuts, brittleness, dandruff, they indicate good health, which allows you to reach the top, success, and authority. While their dull color, lifelessness, baldness, dryness, fragility, split ends, dandruff and lost strands on the shoulders indicate the opposite.

Therefore, it is so important to identify curl disease at the earliest stages and promptly contact trichologists for their treatment.