The main criterion for a person’s comfortable stay in a residential area is the creation and maintenance of a favorable temperature regime at any time of the year.

And if in the summer such a problem is solved quite simply - by using modern devices air conditioning, then in winter the temperature in the apartment can be regulated by the owner of the property when arranging autonomous system heating or central heating supplier.

The temperature in the apartment depends on many factors, among which are the following:

• Climatic conditions of the region of residence.
• Seasons.
• Technical features of housing.
• Number, age and subjective preferences of residents.

Climatic conditions

A comfortable temperature regime in a home can have different meanings depending on your region of residence. In addition, the level of air humidity outside, the amount of precipitation and atmospheric pressure have a great influence.

Seasons

With the alternation of seasons, the internal climate in residential premises may differ. So, in winter period The temperature drops significantly, and in the summer it rises.

In addition, the heating season ends in spring, which leads to a drop in the average daily indoor temperature.

For many countries, the optimal temperature level in an apartment in the winter months is from 18 to 22 degrees, and in the summer it can reach 26 above 0. It seems that the difference of a few degrees between the values ​​​​is imperceptible, but in fact it can have a significant impact on the well-being of residents .

Technical features of housing

Comfortable temperature is also influenced technical features dwellings - dimensions of premises, ceiling heights, insulation of surfaces, presence of furniture, location of the apartment (corner, central, number of floors).

Human factor

To maintain a comfortable temperature, it is important to take into account the human factor. For each person, the concept of comfort is individual. Women prefer more high temperatures than men. Small children are not able to independently regulate heat exchange own body, therefore often prone to overheating or cooling. They need optimal conditions stay in the premises. Elderly people are no less sensitive to temperature changes.

Temperature standards in various rooms

According to GOST and SNiP for apartment buildings The following temperature standards have been established in residential and other premises:

• Comfortable stay temperature is from 19 to 25 degrees.
• During the cold period - from 19 to 22 degrees.
• During the hot period - from 21 to 26 degrees.

The normal temperature in an apartment during the heating season is:

• Living room (bedroom, living room) – from 16 to 18 degrees. For quick relaxation and good rest body.
• Children's room - from 22 to 24 degrees. Provides comfortable warmth necessary for proper regulation of heat exchange in children.
• Kitchen - from 17 to 19 degrees. The heat produced by electrical appliances is sufficient.
• Bathroom and sanitary facilities - from 23 to 25 degrees. To reduce high humidity and prevent dampness.
• Other functional rooms(corridor, storage room, hall) - from 17 to 22 degrees.

Important! According to SanPin, the minimum temperature difference between different rooms should not exceed 3 degrees.

The following temperature standards are provided for common premises:

• Entrances - up to 17 degrees.
• Elevator cabins - up to 5 degrees.
• Inter-apartment corridors - from 16 to 20 degrees.
• Basements and attics - up to 4 degrees.
• Lobbies, staircases - from 13 to 18 degrees.

Correct measurements of room temperature

In order to comply with heating standards in a residential building, it is recommended to carry out mandatory temperature measurements. To obtain reliable results, measurements are performed special device taking into account the following technical requirements:

1. Readings are taken every hour for one calendar day.
2. The device must be located at certain points - 100 cm from the external wall, 150 cm from the floor surface.
3. The room in which measurements are carried out should not have sources of heat loss - cracks, open windows and doors.
4. Measurements are carried out under neutral weather conditions.

If, as a result of independent measurements, a decrease in the standard comfortable temperature in the apartment is determined, this is reported to the emergency service. In this case, the duty officer sends a team to the resident to draw up an official measurement report.

The act contains the following data:

• Date of document creation.
• Technical information about housing.
• Testing staff.
• Meter data.
• Temperature values.
• Signatures of the participants.

The document is drawn up in two copies: one for the owner of the living space, the second for the employees of the public utility service.

Determination of coolant temperature in batteries

The coolant in the central heating and hot water supply system is water heated to a certain temperature.

To measure the temperature of water heating in the system, the following instruments are used:

• Medical thermometer.
• Thermometer with infrared spectrum.
• Alcohol thermometer.

Central heating

To determine what the temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment should be, it is necessary to take into account the standards established for the coolant.

They are determined taking into account climatic conditions and are relevant if the pipe has a lower central supply to the battery:

• Temperature environment+ 6 degrees: at entry up to +55 degrees, at return – up to +40 degrees.
• The temperature outside the window is 0 degrees: at the entrance +66 degrees, at the return – up to +49 degrees.
• The temperature outside the window is from -5 degrees: at the entrance + 77 degrees, at the return – up to +55 degrees.

If the permissible temperature threshold decreases - in daytime by 4 degrees, at night - by 5 degrees - recalculation of the level of payment for central heating services is mandatory.

Important! Unlike a single-pipe, two-pipe heating system may have a reduced heating temperature of the coolant.

The parameters of the heat supply system are strictly regulated by current legislation, according to which apartment building The following temperature conditions of the coolant in the pipes are allowed:

1. With a two-pipe system, the coolant temperature is +96 degrees.
2. With a single-pipe system, the temperature is +116 degrees.
3. The average heating temperature of batteries in an apartment ranges from +78 to 92 degrees.

Measurements of the coolant in the system can be performed in the following ways:

• Place an alcohol thermometer on the heating radiator and wait a few minutes. Add one degree to the resulting value. Instead of an alcohol thermometer, you can use a room infrared thermometer, which has a higher measurement accuracy.
• Attach an electric temperature meter to the battery with a thermocouple wire and take readings.

Hot water supply

In the cold season, the main factor is the heating temperature of the water, which should be from +64 to 76 degrees. If water is supplied in violation of temperature standards, this is fraught with an increase in water consumption and utility costs.

To measure the temperature of the hot water supply, place a deep container in the sink, washbasin or bathtub. An alcohol-based thermometer is placed in it and liquid is supplied from the tap.

The duration of the measurement is about 10 minutes. Possible deviation from the norm may be +/- 3 degrees.

Air exchange rate

An important parameter that determines a comfortable and safe stay in a home is air exchange - complete or partial replacement dirty air clean.

According to regulatory documents, the rate of air exchange rate is:

• in a living room up to 25 sq. m – 3 cu.m. m/hour for square meter squares;
• in a kitchen with a gas stove - up to 9 cubic meters. m/hour, with an electric stove – 6 cubic meters. m/hour;
• in other rooms up to 20 square meters. m. – 1 cu.m. m/hour.

It is difficult to independently measure the air exchange rate; laboratories and expert bureaus often assume this function.

If you wish, you can obtain reliable data on the air exchange rate in several ways:

• A device called an Aerodoor installed in a window or doorway. Under the influence of a fan, air is pumped into the device, after which the multiplicity parameter is determined.
• Thermal anemometer and balometer for measuring velocity and volume air flow indoors.

The degree of responsibility of public utilities for violation of standards

The law states that owners and tenants of residential property can contact utility services to recalculate the tariff by 0.15% for every 60 minutes of non-compliance with established temperature standards.

Tariff recalculation is possible in the following cases:

• The temperature in living quarters during the day is less than 17 degrees, in the corner room - below 21 degrees.
• Duration of heating shutdown in one calendar month was 24 hours.
• One-time heating shutdowns for 15 hours when the outside air temperature reaches 11 degrees.

If, with the onset of cold weather, the air in the apartment remains insufficiently heated, a person can file a formal complaint with the following authorities:

• The prosecutor's office.
• Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights.
• Housing inspection.

To resolve the problem in court, you must submit the following documents:

• Copies of certified statements.
• Application to the emergency dispatch service.
• Temperature check report.
• Copies of compliance documents of the device used for testing.

According to the court ruling, the managing person undertakes to eliminate all shortcomings in the provision of poor-quality services in statutory term.

The utility service or management company. Having information about what air temperature should be in the apartment when the heating season begins, each owner will be able to control the quality of the services provided.

Well-maintained workplace– the key to high employee productivity. Of course, comfort is a broad concept, often depending on the direction of a person’s work. Sanitary norms and rules provided for manufacturing enterprises and office space vary. However, both the first and second are established by SanPiN 2.24.54896 called “ Hygienic standards microclimate in production."

Since the beginning of 2017, new sanitary and hygienic requirements for production premises have come into force. They were approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor by his Resolution No. 81 on June 21 last year. The updated SanPiN standards put forward requirements for:

• Microclimate;
• Noise and vibration levels;
• Exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields.

These norms are marginally possible indicators of factors. Compliance with the requirements for production premises can protect employees who are at the workplace eight hours a day (forty hours a week) from the development of pathologies or occupational diseases associated with the specific performance of work duties.

The introduction of new hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises cancels the previously approved standards. For example, SanPiN 2.2.41191-03 regarding the effects of electromagnetic fields.

The most important issues regulated by SanPiNs, this is the temperature and microclimate in the workplace of office employees.

Temperature in the office

Maintaining normal temperature is an important condition for the normal functioning of the company. Not only the health of workers, but also their labor productivity, as well as the normal functioning of the entire enterprise, depends on the temperature in the office.

Temperature standards are regulated by SanPin 2.2.4 548 96. The fifth and sixth sections of the Rules are devoted to optimization and temperature limits depending on the season (warm or cold).

Office workers whose work can be classified as intellectual, characterized by a low level physical activity, as well as a sitting position, Labor Code and SanPin puts it in category Ia. For this category of employees, a temperature of twenty-three to twenty-five degrees (in summer) and twenty-two to twenty-four degrees (in winter) must be provided.

If the room temperature does not meet the specified standards, employees have the right to demand that the employer reduce the duration of work shifts.

If the temperature exceeds plus twenty-nine, labor time is reduced to three to six hours (in accordance with the functions performed). If the temperature in the office exceeds thirty-two degrees, working for more than one hour is prohibited.

There are indicators for the cold season. At temperatures below nineteen degrees, the shift duration is reduced by an hour. At temperatures below thirteen degrees Celsius, the working day cannot exceed one hour.

The work of an organization whose management constantly violates the temperature conditions of the premises can be temporarily stopped for a period of up to three months.

Requirements for the microclimate in the office

Sanitary rules include requirements not only for temperature conditions, but also for air quality in the office. Therefore, the ventilation equipment of an organization is one of significant criteria comfort of workplaces.

Office service requires workers to remain in the building for a long time. Each employee has his own preferences and needs to improve productivity. Some prefer coolness, others are afraid of drafts and air conditioning.

To create a comfortable office microclimate, a set of measures is required to meet the standards:

• Temperature conditions;
• Air humidity level;
• Ventilation of air flows;
• Air circulation speeds;
• The presence of foreign particles (dust) in the air.

These standards are provided for by SanPin, as well as GOST 30494 96 regarding the microclimate parameters of residential and non-residential premises. A comfortable office microclimate in the warm season includes:

• Temperature range between twenty-two and twenty-five degrees;
• Air humidity thirty to sixty percent;
• The air flow speed is not higher than 0.25 meters per second.

For the cold season, the indicators change:

• Temperatures range from twenty to twenty-two degrees;
• Air humidity - from thirty to forty-five percent;
• Air movement is 0.1 - 0.15 meters per second.

Acceptable temperature differences are one to two degrees.

Moisture level is a necessary component of comfortable work for office workers. What humidity should be directly depends on the temperature conditions of the room. High humidity at normal temperature does not provide negative impact on human body. And dry warm air can cause diseases of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.

Light level

Office lighting is an important component that employers should not forget about. Low level light leads to rapid eye fatigue and also reduces a person’s overall performance.

SanPin sets lighting standards for an average office containing computers at five hundred lux. Valid values room lighting ranges from two hundred to three hundred lux.

What to do if there is not enough light? It will be necessary to install an additional light source at each workplace. When choosing light bulbs, preference should be given to energy-saving ones with “cool” white light. Such lamps do not heat up, which is important for the summer period.

Noise level

Background noise affects the productivity of office workers. The upper limit of the norm for such noise should not exceed fifty-five dB. Old computers, lamps, and conversations on the street produce noise.

New office equipment, metal-plastic windows, and sound-proof partitions can cope with the problem of extraneous noise.

Employer's liability

Ensuring comfortable conditions in the workplace is the responsibility of the employer, and not his gesture goodwill. Only by creating proper working conditions, the employer has the right to require employees to work according to the schedule. This rule is enshrined in Article 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. If the norms stipulated by sanitary rules are violated, the employer takes immediate measures to eliminate them.

An employee has the right to apply to the State Labor Inspectorate for the protection of his rights.

The sanitary and epidemiological service can inspect the enterprise upon a complaint from any worker. If violations are detected, a fine is imposed (from ten to twenty thousand rubles).

Summertime is always a difficult time to work. Situations often arise when the room temperature exceeds the permissible limit, turning work into severe torture (and even breaks in the middle of the day help little). For employees it becomes topical issue, are there any legal requirements regarding temperature standards during working hours in the heat.

To resolve this issue, you must contact Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation . In one of the provisions, it prescribes the employer’s obligation to provide comfortable working conditions for each employee. Based on this legal provision, a regulation was developed regarding working hours in hot weather SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 .

Reduced working hours due to heat

According to established standards For office employees, the maximum permissible indoor temperature in summer should be 28 degrees. The more the actual reading exceeds this norm, the less employees should work.

Order to reduce working hours due to heat

An order to change working hours due to heat is an integral document on the basis of which the schedule is re-issued. This act is drawn up by the employer indicating the reason for the innovations. Experts, however, differ on how to indicate the reasons for changes.

A reduction in working hours due to heat can be documented as downtime either due to the fault of the employer, or due to objective circumstances beyond the control of the parties. The first case is relevant in situations where the organization does not provide adequate conditions for working on the premises. However, on the other hand, it is not always possible to provide for increased temperature conditions. As a result, the decision about the reason for such downtime rests with the employer. In both cases, according to Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation the company is obliged to pay two-thirds of the wages.

It is possible to issue an order indicating objective circumstances and appropriate remuneration. In this case, its size decreases in proportion to the reduction in working time.

How to reduce working hours in hot weather - drawing up an order

An order to reduce working hours due to heat is drawn up according to the basic rules for processing documents. That is, it is similar to those regulations that relate to the issues of reducing work time due to heat.

The main provisions of this document should include:

• establishing a new time, indicating breaks for lunch and rest;
• an instruction on the need for all department heads to familiarize their subordinates with this order;
• providing employees with the opportunity to take unpaid leave;
• appointment of responsible persons who must monitor the implementation of regulations.

This document is signed by both the manager and the designated responsible person. It may include additional requirements at the initiative of the employer. For example, the validity period of this resolution, or the provision of means of protection from heat.

State system of sanitary and epidemiological
rationing Russian Federation

Federal sanitary rules, norms and hygienic
standards

2.2.4. PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
production premises

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

Ministry of Health of Russia

Moscow 1997

1 . Developed by: Research Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (Afanasyeva R.F., Repin G.N., Mikhailova N.S., Bessonova N.A., Burmistrova O.V., Losik T.K.); Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene named after. F.F. Erisman (Ustyushin B.V.); with the participation of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Sinitsina E.V., Chaschin V.P.); State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of Russia (Lytkin B.G., Kucherenko A.I.).

2 . Approved and put into effect by Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 1, 1996, No. 21.

3 . Introduced to replace " Sanitary standards microclimate of industrial premises”, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health dated March 31, 1986, No. 4088-86.

Law of the RSFSR “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population”

“Sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards (hereinafter referred to as sanitary rules) - regulations, establishing criteria for the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors for humans and requirements for ensuring favorable conditions his life activity.

Sanitary rules are mandatory for compliance by all government bodies and public associations, enterprises and other economic entities, organizations and institutions, regardless of their subordination and forms of ownership, officials and citizens” (Article 3).

“A sanitary offense is an illegal, guilty (intentional or careless) act (action or inaction) that infringes on the rights of citizens and the interests of society, associated with non-compliance with the sanitary legislation of the RSFSR, including the current sanitary rules¼

Officials and citizens of the RSFSR who commit a sanitary offense may be brought to disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability” (Article 27).

APPROVED

Date of introduction: from the moment of approval

2.2.4 . PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
production premises

Hygienic requirements to occupational microclimate

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

1. General provisions and scope

1.1 . These Sanitary Rules and Standards (hereinafter referred to as the Sanitary Rules) are intended to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate of workplaces and industrial premises on the well-being, functional state, performance and health of a person.

1.2 . These Sanitary Rules apply to microclimate indicators in workplaces of all types of industrial premises and are mandatory for all enterprises and organizations. References to the obligation to comply with the requirements of these sanitary rules must be included in regulatory and technical documents: standards, building codes and regulations, technical specifications and other regulatory and technical documents regulating the operational characteristics of production facilities, technological, engineering and sanitary equipment that ensure the provision of hygienic microclimate standards.

1.3 . In accordance with Articles 9 and 34 of the RSFSR Law “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population,” organizations must exercise production control over compliance with the requirements of the Sanitary Rules and carry out preventive measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of diseases in workers production premises, as well as monitoring compliance with working and rest conditions and implementation of measures for collective and individual protection of workers from adverse effects microclimate.

1.4 . Heads of enterprises, organizations and institutions, regardless of the form of ownership and subordination, in order to ensure production control, are obliged to bring workplaces into compliance with the microclimate requirements provided for by these Sanitary rules.

1.5 . State sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control over the implementation of these Sanitary Rules is carried out by bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation, and departmental sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control is carried out by bodies and institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological profile of the relevant ministries and departments.

1.6 . State sanitary and epidemiological supervision over the construction of new and reconstruction of existing production facilities is carried out at the stages of project development and commissioning of facilities, taking into account the nature technological process and compliance of engineering and sanitary equipment with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules and Building Codes and Rules “Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning”.

1.7 . Project documentation for the construction and reconstruction of industrial premises must be agreed upon with the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Russia.

1.8 . Commissioning of production premises in order to assess the compliance of the hygienic parameters of the microclimate with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules must be carried out with the mandatory participation of representatives of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation.

2. Normative references

2.1 . Law of the RSFSR “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population.”

2.2 . Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standards, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 5, 1994, No. 625.

2.3 . Management " General requirements to the construction, presentation and execution of sanitary-hygienic and epidemiological normative and methodological documents" dated February 9, 1994 R 1.1.004-94.

3. Terms and definitions

3.1 . Production premises- confined spaces in specially designed buildings and structures in which work is carried out constantly (in shifts) or periodically (during the working day) work activity people.

3.2 . Working place- an area of ​​the premises in which labor activity is carried out during a work shift or part of it. A workplace can be several areas of a production facility. If these areas are located throughout the room, then the entire area of ​​the room is considered a workplace.

3.3 . Cold period year - a period of the year characterized by an average daily outside air temperature of +10 °C and below.

3.4 . Warm period year- a period of the year characterized by an average daily outside air temperature above +10 °C.

3. 5 . Average daily temperature outdoor air - average value outside air temperature measured at certain times of the day at regular intervals. It is taken according to the meteorological service.

3.6 . Demarcation works By categories is carried out on the basis of the intensity of the body’s total energy expenditure in kcal/h (W). Characteristic individual categories works ( I a, Ib, II a, II b, III ) is presented in the appendix .

3.7 environment (TNS) - the combined effect on the human body of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air speed, thermal radiation), expressed as a single-digit indicator in °C.

4. General requirements and microclimate indicators

4.1 . Sanitary rules establish hygienic requirements for microclimate indicators of workplaces of industrial premises, taking into account the intensity of energy consumption of workers, time of work, periods of the year and contain requirements for methods of measuring and monitoring microclimatic conditions.

4.2 . Microclimate indicators must ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of a person with the environment and the maintenance of an optimal or acceptable thermal state of the body.

4.3 . Indicators characterizing the microclimate in production premises are:

· air temperature;

· surface temperature*;

· relative air humidity;

· air speed;

· intensity of thermal radiation.

* The temperature of the surfaces of enclosing structures (walls, ceilings, floors), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or enclosing devices is taken into account.

5. Optimal microclimate conditions

5.1 . Optimal microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria of optimal thermal and functional state person. They provide a general and local feeling of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on the thermoregulatory mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health, and create the prerequisites for high level performance and are preferred in the workplace.

5.2 . Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators must be observed at workplaces of industrial premises where operator-type work associated with nervous and emotional stress is performed (in cabins, at consoles and control stations for technological processes, in computer rooms, etc.). The list of other workplaces and types of work in which optimal microclimate values ​​must be ensured is determined by the Sanitary Rules for individual industries and other documents agreed upon with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities in the prescribed manner.

5.3 . The optimal microclimate parameters in the workplace should correspond to the values ​​given in table. , in relation to the performance of work various categories during cold and warm periods of the year.

5.4 . Changes in air temperature in height and horizontally, as well as changes in air temperature during a shift, while ensuring optimal microclimate values ​​in the workplace, should not exceed 2 °C and go beyond the values ​​​​specified in the table. for certain categories of work.

Table 1

Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators in industrial workplaces

		Air temperature ° WITH	Surface temperature ° WITH	Relative air humidity, %	Air speed, m/s
Cold
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (more than 290)
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (more than 290)						Air temperature ° WITH		Surface temperature ° WITH	Relative humidity , %	Air speed, m/s
range below optimal values	range above optimal values	for a range of air temperatures below optimal values , no more	for a range of air temperatures above optimal values , no more**
Cold		20,0 - 21, 9				0, 1
	Ib (140 - 174)		23,1 - 24, 0
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)	15,0 - 16, 9
	III (more than 290)						0, 4
		21, 0 - 22,9	25, 1 - 28,0
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)	18,0 - 19, 9	22,1 - 27, 0
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (more than 290)

*At temperatures air 25 ° WITH And higher maximum quantities relative humidity air should accepted V compliance With requirements n. .

** At temperatures air 26 - 28 ° WITH speed movement air V warm period year should accepted V compliance With requirements n. .

6.4 . When ensuring acceptable microclimate values ​​at workplaces:

· The air temperature difference in height should be no more than 3° WITH ;

· horizontal air temperature difference, and its changes during the shift should not exceed:

In this case, the absolute values ​​of the air temperature should not go beyond the values ​​​​indicated in the table. for certain categories of work.

Number of measuring sites

From 100 to 400

The number of sections is determined by the distance between them, which should not exceed 10 m.

Measuring range

Maximum deviation

Dry bulb air temperature, °C

from -30 to 50

± 0, 2

Wet bulb air temperature, ° WITH

± 0,2

Surface temperature ° WITH

± 0,5

Relative air humidity, %

± 5,0

Air speed, m/s

± 0, 05

± 0,1

Thermal irradiation intensity, W/m2

from 10 to 350

± 5,0

± 50,0

7.14 . Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to draw up a protocol, which should reflect general information about the production facility, the placement of technological and sanitary equipment, sources of heat generation, cooling and moisture release, a diagram of the location of areas for measuring microclimate parameters and other data are given.

7.15 . At the conclusion of the protocol, the results of the measurements performed must be assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements.

Appendix 1
(informative)

Characteristics of individual categories of work

1 . Categories of work are differentiated based on the intensity of the body's energy expenditure in kcal/h (W).

2. To category I and includes work with an intensity of energy consumption of up to 120 kcal/h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by minor physical stress (a number of professions in precision instrumentation and mechanical engineering enterprises, in watchmaking, clothing production, in the field of management, etc.) .

3. To category I b includes work with an energy intensity of 121 - 150 kcal/h (140 - 174 W), performed while sitting, standing or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communications enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in various types production, etc.).

4. To category II and includes work with an energy intensity of 151 - 200 kcal/h (175 - 232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly shops machine-building enterprises, in spinning and weaving production, etc.).

5. To category II b includes work with an energy intensity of 201 - 250 kcal/h (233 - 290 W), associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

6. To category III include work with an intensity of energy consumption of more than 250 kcal/h (more than 290 W), associated with constant movement, movement and carrying of significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in forge shops with manual forging, foundries with manual stuffing and filling of flasks of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Determination of the thermal load index of the environment (TNS index)

1 . The environmental heat load index (THI) is an empirical indicator characterizing the combined effect of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air speed and thermal radiation) on the human body.

2 . The THC index is determined based on the wet-bulb temperature of an aspiration psychrometer ( t ow ) and temperature inside the black ball ( t w).

3 . The temperature inside the blackened ball is measured by a thermometer, the reservoir of which is placed in the center of the blackened hollow ball; t w reflects the influence of air temperature, surface temperature and air speed. The blackened ball must have a diameter of 90 mm, the minimum possible thickness and an absorption coefficient of 0.95. Accuracy of temperature measurement inside the ball± 0.5 °C.

4 . The TNS index is calculated using the equation:

5 . The THC index is recommended to be used for an integral assessment of the thermal load of the environment in workplaces where the air speed does not exceed 0.6 m/s and the intensity of thermal radiation is 1200 W/m2.

6 . The method for measuring and monitoring the THC index is similar to the method for measuring and monitoring air temperature (pp. - of these Sanitary Rules).

7 . The values ​​of the THC index should not go beyond the values ​​recommended in the table. .

	The values ​​of the integral indicator, ° WITH
Ib (140 - 174)
IIa (175 - 232)
IIb (233 - 290)	19,5 - 23, 9
III (more than 290)	18,0 - 21, 8

Operating time at temperature TThe air level in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values

1 . In order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or cumulatively for a work shift) should be limited to the values ​​​​specified in Table. and table of this application. At the same time, the average shift air temperature at which workers are located during a work shift at workplaces and rest areas should not go beyond the permissible air temperature values ​​for the corresponding categories of work indicated in Table. 1

5, 5

Medium shift air temperature ( t in ) calculated by the formula:

Where

t in1, t in2, … t in n - air temperature (°C) in the relevant areas of the workplace;

τ 1, τ 2, …, τ n - time (hours) for performing work in the relevant areas of the workplace;

8 - duration of the work shift (hours).

Other indicators of the microclimate (relative air humidity, air speed, surface temperature, intensity of thermal radiation) at workplaces must be within the permissible values ​​of these Sanitary Rules.

Bibliographic data

1. Management R 2.2.4/2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors of production and the environment (under approval).

2 SNiP 2.01.01 . "Building climatology and geophysics."

3 . Methodical recommendations“Assessment of a person’s thermal state in order to substantiate hygienic requirements for the microclimate of workplaces and measures to prevent cooling and overheating” No. 5168-90 dated 03/05/90. On Sat.: Hygienic basics prevention of adverse effects of industrial microclimate on the human body. V. 43, M. 1991, p. 192 - 211.

4. Manual P 2.2.013-94. Occupational hygiene. Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, severity and intensity of the labor process. Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia, M., 1994, 42 p.

5. GOST 12.1.005-88 “General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area.”

6 . Building codes and regulations. SNiP 2.04.05-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning."

Warm days are coming and the hotter it gets outside, the more difficult it is to be at work. Of course, if the employer takes care of his subordinates and the office has air conditioning and the ventilation works properly, then no heat will interfere with the work process. In this case, employees, on the contrary, rush to the workplace to hide from the hot summer day. But what to do if there is no air conditioning and the ventilation is working extremely poorly? Opening the windows does not help, since warm air from the street only warms the room. Only a draft can be a salvation from the heat, but if it saves you from the heat, it certainly won’t save you from a cold...

Being in a stuffy office, the question immediately arises: what temperature standards should be in the workplace and where are these norms written? Regulates temperature standards in the workroom SanPiN (Sanitary Rules and Norms), and the sanitary rules and norms specified in the document apply to microclimate indicators in workplaces of all types of industrial premises and are mandatory for all enterprises and organizations. Thus, for violation of current sanitary rules, including violation of the temperature regime in the workplace at legal entity a fine of 10 to 20 thousand rubles may be imposed. or activities are suspended for up to 90 days (Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Temperature standards in the workplace

For office workers who mainly work sitting and are characterized by insignificant physical stress (category Ia), the air temperature in the room should be in the range of 22.2-26.4 ° C.

As the temperature in the workplace increases or decreases, the working day must be shortened, as presented in the tables.

Time spent at workplaces at air temperatures above permissible values

	Stay time, no more for categories of work, hours
32,5	1
32,0	2
31,5	2,5
31,0	3
30,5	4
30,0	5
29,5	5,5
29,0	6
28,5	7
28,0	8
27,5	—
27,0	—
26,5	—
26,0	—

Time spent at workplaces at air temperatures below acceptable values

Air temperature at the workplace, °C	Stay time, no more, for categories of work, hours
6	—
7	—
8	—
9	—
10	—
11	—
12	—
13	1
14	2
15	3
16	4
17	5
18	6
19	7
20	8

Where to complain if the workplace is hot or cold

Special government agency, which deals with temperature control in industrial premises (including offices) - no. However, it is possible to find justice for an irresponsible employer. It is best to contact the Moscow State Labor Inspectorate with complaints about non-compliance with the temperature regime; they will either take care of this issue themselves or advise where to go next.