In this article you can find instructions for use medicinal product Ketorol. Feedback from site visitors - consumers - is presented of this medicine, as well as the opinions of specialist doctors on the use of Ketorol in their practice. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: whether the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not stated by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Ketorol in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of dental, headache and other types of pain, during menstruation in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

What kind of medicine is this

Ketorol is a drug most often used for pain relief in cases of severe pain caused by various reasons. It is used quite widely and in various pathologies.

Drug group

International generic name or INN: Ketorolac

Trade name: Ketorol

Latin name: Ketorolacum

Compound

Active ingredient: ketorolac trometamol - 0.03 g.

Additional substances: octoxynol - 0.00007 g.

Trilon B - 0.001 g.

sodium chloride - 0.00435 g.

ethanol - 0.115 ml.

propane-1,2-diol - 0.4 g.

caustic soda - 0.000725 g.

water for injection - the volume required to increase the contents of the ampoule to 1 ml.

Mechanism of action and properties

Characteristic

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug or NSAID. Ketorolac in structure consists of two isoforms: S(−) and R(+), can be found in three microcrystalline variants, which have good solubility in water. The dissociation constant of Ketorolac acid is 3.5. Molecule mass: 376.41.

Pharmacodynamics (pharmacology)

Ketorol is an NSAID, acting on the body to suppress pain, inhibit inflammation, and also moderately reduce body temperature.

Mechanism of action

5-Benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid non-selectively counteracts the activity of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, which are catalysts for the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid.

Prostaglandins have great value in the process of education pain, inflammatory reactions and excessive increase in the patient’s body temperature.

Ketorol is a mixture of almost identical isomers S(-) and R(+), differing only in their mirror arrangement. It is the S form that causes the analgesic effect.

Ketorol, compared to morphine, shows the same strong analgesic effect, much greater than other NSAIDs.

Pharmacokinetics

The effectiveness of the drug and the speed of its action depend on the method of delivery of the active substance to the body.

When a solution of the drug is administered intramuscularly or into a vein, the effect occurs within 30 minutes and reaches its maximum after 60-120 minutes. Duration of action is from 4 to 6 hours. When administered enterally, the effect begins within 60 minutes, and maximum effect occurs only after 120-180 minutes.

The bioavailability of the drug is rapid, manifested in to the fullest. When the contents of one ampoule are introduced into the muscle (1 ampoule - 30 mg), the highest concentration is from 0.00000174 to 0.0000031 g/ml, when two ampoules are administered - from 0.00000323 to 0.00000577 g/ml.

The time to reach the highest concentration is from 15 to 73 for 30 mg and from 30 to 60 minutes for 60 mg.

The share of interaction with blood plasma proteins is 99%.

The drug may get into breast milk. 2 hours after administration, the concentration of the drug in milk becomes maximum (7.3 ng/ml).

About half the dose of the drug is converted in the liver into chemically inactive compounds: tetrahydroxy-2-oxanoic acids, which are eliminated by the kidneys, and p-hydroxyketorolac. Excreted by the kidneys (about 91%) and through the gastrointestinal tract (6%).

The half-life of Ketorol depends on the age of the patient: in the elderly it increases, in the young it decreases accordingly. In patients with renal pathologies, the half-life can range from 10 to 13 hours.

Hemodialysis does not affect the metabolism of the drug. The drug may affect the kidneys and liver.

Indications

What does it treat, what is it for and what is the benefit of it? The main use of the drug is pain relief, but it also helps reduce temperature and reduce the intensity of inflammation.

Why is Ketorol prescribed? Typically for symptomatic therapy.

Solutions are injected for severe and moderate pain:

• For injuries.
• During dental interventions.
• For tumors.
• To remove pain syndrome after surgery.
• For pain in muscles and joints.
• With damage to peripheral nerves.
• At autoimmune diseases, with radiculopathies.

Drops are used for inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye and after eye surgery.

The gel is used topically for injuries:

• For bruises.
• Sprains.
• For inflammation of the tendons.
• Inflammation of the synovial membranes.
• At inflammatory processes in joint capsules.
• For pain in muscles and joints.
• When nerves remote from the center are affected.
• For autoimmune diseases.
• For radiculopathy.

Tablets are used at the same time as solutions.

Release forms

The drug is produced in the form of four dosage forms: a solution for infusions and injections (intramuscular or intravenous) in a 1 ml ampoule, in the form of tablets coated with a film on the outside, in the form of a gel for external use and in the form of eye drops.

What better solution or tablets? Tablets are easier to use, but the solution is faster and more effective. The gel is used only externally, for example, for soft tissue bruises.

Instructions for use

When administered parenterally to patients from 16 to 64 years of age with a body weight of more than 50 kg, more than 60 mg cannot be injected into the muscle at a time (the dose of the drug taken orally must also be taken into account). Most often, 30 mg every 6 hours. 30 mg is administered intravenously, no more than 6 doses in 28 hours.

If the patient weighs less than 50 kg or has renal pathology, then no more than 30 mg is injected into the muscle at a time, usually 15 mg (no more than 8 times in 48 hours), and no more than 15 mg into the vein (less than 8 times).

The maximum dose administered per day for patients from 16 to 64 years old and weighing more than 50 kg is 0.09 g (90 mg), for others - 0.06 g (60 mg). Duration of use - up to two days.

The drug must be injected into a vein or muscle slowly. The effect begins after 0.5 hours.

The gel must be spread in a thin layer over the disturbing surface.

The tablets must be taken with sufficient quantity water.

Side effect

• Gastrointestinal dysfunction: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, peptic ulcer stomach or duodenum, bleeding in the stomach cavity, inflammatory diseases liver, Gospel disease caused by stagnation of bile, acute inflammation pancreas, enlarged liver, perforation of the stomach wall.
• Renal dysfunction: pain in the lumbar region, blood or increased nitrogen in the urine, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, pollakiuria, kidney inflammation, renal edema.
• Violation visual perception, decreased hearing acuity.
• Convulsive contraction smooth muscles bronchi, inflammation of the mucous layer of the nasal cavity, laryngeal edema.
• Headache, aseptic inflammation meninges, increased body temperature, weakness of the neck or back muscles, muscle spasm, disturbance mental activity, increased activity, feeling of melancholy, hallucinations.
• Hypertension, acute pulmonary failure, loss of consciousness.
• Reduced level of hemoglobin in the blood, increased level eosinophils and/or reduced level leukocytes.
• Bleeding from the nasal cavity, bleeding during operations.
• Urticaria, purpura, inflammatory inflammation skin, exudative erythema, bullous inflammation of the dermis.
• Burning sensation when local application, pain along the vein when intravenous administration.
• Anaphylactic reactions, itchy skin, shortness of breath, hyperemia, Quincke's edema.
• Increased sweating, weight gain, increased body temperature.

Contraindications

• Drug intolerance.
• Information about a history of hypersensitivity reactions when taking NSAIDs.
• Inflammatory diseases of the mucous layer of the nasal cavity.
• Bronchial asthma.
• Insufficient volume of circulating blood.
• Ulceration of the stomach or duodenum.
• Hemostasis disorders.
• Intestinal inflammation.
• Liver dysfunction.
• Renal dysfunction.
• Insufficient or excessive levels of potassium in the blood.
• Exacerbation of heart failure.
• Premedication in the preoperative and surgical period.
• Simultaneous use with drugs that affect blood clotting.
• Age up to 16 years.
• Dermatitis.
• Simultaneous use with probenecid and pentoxifylline.
• Pregnancy.
• Lactation.

Use in children

The drug is contraindicated for persons under 16 years of age.

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The drug is prohibited during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It can reduce the contractile activity of the uterus and affect the formation of the fetal circulatory system. U infants inhibition of prostaglandins may lead to adverse effects.

Use in the elderly

Pensioners are at risk of developing side effects increased, the drug must be used with caution.

Driving a car and other mechanisms

Due to the high frequency of occurrence adverse reactions Engaging in activities that require increased attention are not recommended.

Do I need a prescription?

Ketorol is sold by prescription.

Compatibility with other drugs

At drug interactions with other drugs, Ketorol may have adverse effects. Concomitant use with other NSAIDs, ethyl alcohol or alcohol, glucocorticosteroids, anticoagulants, calcium supplements can cause an ulcerogenic effect and bleeding.

Ketorol should not be prescribed with paracetamol for a period of more than 2 days, since when taken in parallel with paracetamol, toxicity to the kidneys increases, and with methotrexate - toxicity to both the kidneys and liver.

If narcotic analgesics are used together with Ketorol, their dosage can be reduced.

Due to a decrease in prostaglandins in the kidneys, the effectiveness of diuretics and blood pressure lowering drugs is reduced.

Antacids do not affect the absorption of the drug.

When used with glucose-lowering drugs, it increases their effect.

Increases the dose of verapamil and nifedipine in the blood.

Alcohol compatibility

When taken together with alcohol, it can cause inflammation of the mucous layer of the stomach and duodenum. Subsequently, ulcers may form in the gastrointestinal tract, so compatibility with alcohol is dangerous.

Analogues of the drug Ketorol

Structural analogues of the active substance:

• Adolor;
• Acular LS;
• Dolak;
• Dolomin;
• Ketalgin;
• Ketanov;
• Ketolac;
• Ketorolac;
• Ketofril;
• Toradol;
• Thorolak.

If there are no analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases for which the corresponding drug helps, and look at the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.

Catad_pgroup NSAIDs

Ketorol for injection - official instructions by application

Registration number:

Trade name of the drug:

Ketorol ®

International nonproprietary name of the drug:

ketorolac.

Dosage form:

solution for intravenous and intramuscular injection.

Compound

1 ml of solution contains:

active substance : ketorolac tromethamine (ketorolac trometamol) 30 mg;

excipients: octoxynol 0.07 mg, disodium edetate 1 mg, sodium chloride 4.35 mg, ethanol 0.115 ml, propylene glycol 400 mg, sodium hydroxide 0.725 mg, water for injection up to 1 ml.

Description

Transparent, colorless or light yellow solution.

Pharmacotherapeutic group:

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

ATX code:М01АВ15

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has a pronounced analgesic effect, has anti-inflammatory and moderate antipyretic effects. The mechanism of action is associated with non-selective inhibition of the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) - COX-1 and COX-2, which catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, which play important role in the pathogenesis of pain, inflammation and fever. Ketorolac is a racemic mixture of [-]S and [+]R enantiomers, and the analgesic effect is due to the [-]S form. The strength of the analgesic effect is comparable to morphine, significantly superior to other NSAIDs.

The drug does not affect opioid receptors, does not depress breathing, does not cause drug addiction, does not have a sedative or anxiolytic effect.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of ketorolac after single and repeated intravenous and intramuscular administration is linear.

When administered intramuscularly, absorption is complete and rapid. The maximum concentration of the drug (Cmax) after intramuscular administration of 30 mg is 1.74-3.1 μg/ml, 60 mg is 3.23-5.77 μg/ml, time to reach maximum concentration (T Cmax) is 15-73 min and 30-60 min, respectively. Cmax after intravenous administration of 15 mg – 1.96-2.98 µg/ml, 30 mg – 3.69-5.61 µg/ml, T Cmax – 0.4-1.8 min and 1.1-4 ,7 min, respectively. Communication with plasma proteins – 99%. The time to reach the equilibrium concentration of the drug (Css) with parenteral administration of 30 mg 4 times a day is 24 hours; with intramuscular administration, 15 mg – 0.65–1.13 µg/ml, 30 mg – 1.29-2.47 µg/ml.

The volume of distribution (V d) with intramuscular administration is 0.136-0.214 l/kg, with intravenous administration - 0.166-0.254 l/kg. In patients with renal failure, the volume of distribution of the drug may double, and the volume of distribution of its R-enantiomer may increase by 20%.

Penetrates into breast milk: when the mother takes 10 mg of ketorolac, Cmax in milk is reached 2 hours after taking the first dose and is 7.3 ng/ml, 2 hours after taking the second dose of ketorolac (when using the drug 4 times a day) – 7.9 ng/l. About 10% of ketorolac passes through the placenta.

More than 50% of the administered dose is metabolized in the liver with the formation of pharmacologically inactive metabolites. The main metabolites are glucuronides, which are excreted by the kidneys, and the pharmacologically inactive p-hydroxyketorolac. It is excreted 91% by the kidneys, 6% through the intestines.

Half-life (T 1/2) in patients with normal function kidneys – 3.5-9.2 hours after parenteral administration of 30 mg. T1/2 increases in elderly patients and shortens in young ones. Changes in liver function do not affect T1/2. In patients with impaired renal function, with a plasma creatinine concentration of 19-50 mg/l (168-442 µmol/l), T1/2 - 10.3-10.8 hours, with more severe renal failure - more than 13, 6 hours

When ketorolac 30 mg is administered intramuscularly, the total clearance is 0.023 l/h/kg (0.019 l/h/kg in elderly patients); in patients with renal failure (with a plasma creatinine concentration of 19-50 mg/l) – 0.015 l/h/kg. When 30 mg of ketorolac is administered intravenously, the total clearance is 0.03 l/h/kg.

Not excreted by hemodialysis.

Indications for use

Pain syndrome is severe and moderate severity of various origins for injuries, toothache, pain in postoperative period, with oncological and rheumatic diseases, myalgia, arthralgia, neuralgia, radiculitis. Intended for symptomatic therapy, reducing pain and inflammation at the time of use. Does not affect the progression of the disease.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to ketorolac;

Complete or incomplete combination bronchial asthma, recurrent polyposis of the nose or paranasal sinuses and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid and other NSAIDs (including a history);

Erosive and ulcerative changes in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, active gastrointestinal bleeding; cerebrovascular or other bleeding;

Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) in the acute phase;

Hemophilia and other bleeding disorders;

Decompensated heart failure;

Liver failure or active liver disease;

Expressed renal failure(creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min), progressive kidney disease, confirmed hyperkalemia;

Postoperative period after coronary artery bypass surgery;

Concomitant use with probenecid, pentoxifylline, acetylsalicylic acid and other NSAIDs (including cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors), lithium salts, anticoagulants (including warfarin and heparin);

The drug is not used for prophylactic pain relief before and during extensive surgical interventions because of high risk bleeding;

Pregnancy, childbirth, lactation;

Children under 16 years of age (safety and effectiveness have not been established).

With caution

Bronchial asthma, ischemic disease heart failure, congestive heart failure, edema syndrome, arterial hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, pathological dyslipidemia or hyperlipidemia, renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance 30-60 ml/l), diabetes mellitus, cholestasis, sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus, peripheral arterial disease, smoking, old age(over 65 years old), anamnestic data on the development of ulcerative lesions gastrointestinal tract, alcohol abuse, severe somatic diseases, concomitant therapy the following drugs: antiplatelet agents (eg, clopidogrel), oral corticosteroids (eg, prednisolone), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (eg, citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline).

Directions for use and doses

Intravenously, intramuscularly.

A solution of the drug Ketorol ® is used in minimally effective doses, selected according to the intensity of pain. If necessary, narcotic analgesics can be prescribed at the same time in reduced doses.

When administered parenterally to patients from 16 to 64 years of age with a body weight exceeding 50 kg, no more than 60 mg is administered intramuscularly (taking into account oral administration). Usually - 30 mg every 6 hours; intravenously - 30 mg (no more than 6 doses in 2 days). Intramuscularly, in adult patients weighing less than 50 kg or with chronic renal failure (CRF), a single dose of no more than 30 mg is administered (including oral administration); usually – 15 mg (no more than 8 doses in 2 days); intravenously - no more than 15 mg every 6 hours (no more than 8 doses in 2 days). The maximum daily doses for intramuscular and intravenous administration are 90 mg/day for patients from 16 to 64 years of age with a body weight exceeding 50 kg; adult patients weighing less than 50 kg or with chronic renal failure, as well as elderly patients (over 65 years of age) - for intramuscular and intravenous administration 60 mg. The duration of treatment should not exceed 2 days.

When administered intravenously, the dose must be administered over at least 15 seconds. Intramuscular injection is given slowly, deep into the muscle. The onset of analgesic action is noted after 30 minutes, maximum pain relief occurs after 1-2 hours. The analgesic effect lasts about 4-6 hours.

Side effect

Frequency side effects classified depending on the frequency of occurrence of the case: often (1-10%), sometimes (0.1-1%), rarely (0.01-0.1%), very rarely (less than 0.01%), including some messages.

From the digestive system: often (especially in elderly patients over 65 years of age with a history of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract) - gastralgia, diarrhea; less often - stomatitis, flatulence, constipation, vomiting, feeling of fullness in the stomach; rarely - nausea, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract (including with perforation and/or bleeding - abdominal pain, spasm or burning in the epigastric region, melena, vomiting " coffee grounds", nausea, heartburn and others), cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, hepatomegaly, acute pancreatitis.

From the urinary system: rarely - acute renal failure, low back pain with or without hematuria and/or azotemia, hemolytic-uremic syndrome ( hemolytic anemia, renal failure, thrombocytopenia, purpura), frequent urination, increase or decrease in urine volume, nephritis, edema of renal origin.

From the senses: rarely - hearing loss, ringing in the ears, visual impairment (including blurred vision).

From the respiratory system: rarely - bronchospasm, rhinitis, laryngeal edema (shortness of breath, difficulty breathing).

From the central side nervous system: often - headache, dizziness, drowsiness; rarely - aseptic meningitis (fever, severe headache, convulsions, stiffness of the neck and/or back muscles), hyperactivity (mood changes, anxiety), hallucinations, depression, psychosis.

From the cardiovascular system: less often – increase blood pressure; rarely – pulmonary edema, fainting.

From the hematopoietic organs: rarely – anemia, eosinophilia, leukopenia.

From the hemostasis system: rarely - bleeding from postoperative wound, nosebleed, rectal bleeding.

From the skin: less often – skin rash(including maculopapular rash), purpura; rarely - exfoliative dermatitis (fever with or without chills, redness, thickening or flaking of the skin, swelling and/or soreness palatine tonsils), urticaria, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome.

Local reactions: less often - burning or pain at the injection site.

Allergic reactions: rarely - anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reactions (change in facial skin color, skin rash, urticaria, itching of the skin, shortness of breath, swelling of the eyelids, periorbital edema, difficulty breathing, heaviness in chest, wheezing).

Other: often - swelling (face, legs, ankles, fingers, feet, weight gain); less often – increased sweating; rarely - swelling of the tongue, fever.

Overdose

Symptoms: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, impaired renal function, metabolic acidosis.

Treatment: gastric lavage, administration of adsorbents (activated carbon) and symptomatic therapy (maintenance of vital important functions organism). Not eliminated sufficiently by dialysis.

Interaction with other drugs

The simultaneous use of ketorolac with acetylsalicylic acid or other NSAIDs, including cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, calcium preparations, glucocorticosteroids, ethanol, corticotropin can lead to the formation of gastrointestinal ulcers and the development of gastrointestinal bleeding.

The drug should not be used simultaneously with other NSAIDs (including cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors), as well as simultaneously with probenecid, pentoxifylline, acetylsalicylic acid, lithium salts, anticoagulants (including warfarin and heparin). Do not use with paracetamol for more than 2 days. Co-administration with paracetamol increases nephrotoxicity, and with methotrexate - hepato- and nephrotoxicity. Co-administration of ketorolac and methotrexate is possible only when using low doses the latter (monitor the concentration of methotrexate in the blood plasma).

Probenecid reduces the plasma clearance and volume of distribution of ketorolac, increases its concentration in the blood plasma and increases its half-life. With the use of ketorolac, the clearance of methotrexate and lithium may decrease and the toxicity of these substances may increase. Simultaneous administration with indirect anticoagulants(eg, warfarin), heparin, thrombolytics, antiplatelet agents, cefoperazone, cefotetan and pentoxifylline increases the risk of bleeding. Reduces the effect of antihypertensive and diuretic drugs (the synthesis of prostaglandins in the kidneys is reduced). When combined with narcotic analgesics the doses of the latter can be significantly reduced.

Antacids do not affect the complete absorption of the drug.

The hypoglycemic effect of insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs increases (dose recalculation is necessary). Co-administration with valproic acid causes disruption of platelet aggregation. Increases the plasma concentration of verapamil and nifedipine.

When prescribed with other nephrotoxic drugs (including gold preparations), the risk of developing nephrotoxicity increases. Medicines, blocking tubular secretion, reduce the clearance of ketorolac and increase its concentration in the blood plasma.

It is necessary to take into account possible interactions when ketorolac is simultaneously prescribed with cyclosporine, zidovudine, digoxin, tacrolimus, quinolone drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and mifepristone.

Special instructions

Ketorol® has two dosage forms(tablets coated film-coated, and solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration). The choice of method of drug administration depends on the severity of the pain syndrome and the patient’s condition.

Before prescribing the drug, it is necessary to clarify the issue of a previous allergic reaction to the drug or NSAID. Due to the risk of developing allergic reactions The first dose is administered under close medical supervision.

Hypovolemia increases the risk of nephrotoxic adverse reactions.

If necessary, can be prescribed in combination with narcotic analgesics.

The drug should not be used together with NSAIDs (including cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors), since joint reception with other NSAIDs, fluid retention, cardiac decompensation, and increased blood pressure may occur. The effect on platelet aggregation ceases after 24–48 hours.

The drug may change the properties of platelets.

Patients with blood clotting disorders are prescribed only when constant monitoring platelet count, is especially important for postoperative patients who require careful monitoring of hemostasis.

The risk of developing drug complications increases with prolongation of treatment (in patients with chronic pain) and increasing the dose of the drug to more than 90 mg/day. To reduce risk adverse events The minimum effective dose should be used in the shortest possible short course.

To reduce the risk of developing NSAID gastropathy, misoprostol and omeprazole are prescribed.

The effect of the drug on medical use on the ability to manage vehicles, mechanisms

During the treatment period, care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially dangerous species activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Release form

Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration, 30 mg/ml.

1 ml in Class I (USP) dark glass ampoules. At the top of the ampoule there is a ring and a breaking point. A label is placed on the ampoule.

10 ampoules with instructions for use are placed in a PVC/aluminum blister.

Storage conditions

In a dry place, protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C.

Do not freeze!

Keep out of the reach of children!

Best before date

Do not use after the expiration date stated on the packaging.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

According to the recipe.

Manufacturer

Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., India

Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., India

Address of production place

Unit-I, Plot No. 137, 138 & 146, S.V.CO-OP, Industrial Estate, Bollaram, Jinnaram Mandal, Medak District, India.

Send information about complaints and adverse drug reactions to:

Representative office of Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd.

Quite often, pain can appear unexpectedly, and if it is of an increasing nature, it often interferes with a person’s normal activities. One of generic drugs, which helps with pain is Ketorol tablets. After taking it, relief occurs within 20 minutes, and the pain gradually disappears completely.

How do Ketorol tablets work?

Ketorol not only helps relieve pain, but also relieves inflammation and swelling of soft tissues. This drug belongs to the category anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs and has the following effect on the body:

• relieves inflammation;
• relieves acute pain;
• has an antipyretic effect.

Ketorol's anesthesia is quite strong and in this respect resembles the effect of morphine, but the use of these tablets is more effective and safe. The key active ingredient is ketorolac tromethamine, which has healing effect even in small doses. This drug helps from different types pain, differing in type of manifestation and pathogenesis.

Taking Ketorol tablets has an effect due to complete absorption active ingredients in the gastrointestinal tract. An hour after taking the drug, the maximum concentration occurs. If a person's diet mainly contains fatty foods, then the absorption process slows down. Disintegration and formation of active metabolites occur after approximately 3-4 hours.

Depending on the dosage of the drug, after about half an hour the antipyretic and analgesic effect appears. Ketorol is taken with the aim of getting rid of symptomatic pain, and full treatment a number of diseases in which swelling and fever are observed.

Ketorol tablets and their composition

Ketorol tablets are coated with a soluble green coating. They have a biconvex shape, which improves the swallowing process. The tablets are equipped with a special S-shaped embossing. The drug is packaged in 10 pieces in a plastic blister with a metal coating. The number of blisters in a package may vary, and the cost of the drug depends on this.

The composition of Ketorol is as follows:

The manufacturer may change the composition of the tablets, but the active substance will be the same and present in quantity 10 mg per piece.

Ketorol dosage rules

Ketorol tablets are used when the pain is severe, but not life-threatening. To relieve more severe pain, injections are used; they are absorbed faster and reduce the pain of a particular area.

Tablet dosage depends on factors such as:

• age;
• intensity of pain;
• features of the course of diseases.

For pain relief optimal dosage is considered 10 mg. At severe pain it can be increased to 2 tablets. If Ketorol is prescribed as a course, then the dosage and duration of treatment are determined individually.

However, acceptable daily dosage Ketorola makes a maximum of 4 tablets. If it is exceeded, then side effects, negatively affecting the course of the disease and complicating it.

Indications for use of Ketorol

Indications for use of these tablets are:

The course of treatment lasts up to 5 days, but often one dose is enough to get rid of pain. If necessary long-term treatment, then a break is taken every 12 days, then the drug is resumed.

Possible contraindications

Ketorol should not be taken in the following cases:

• the presence of hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
• bronchial asthma;
• individual intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid;
• age up to 16 years;
• pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• active bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract;
• chronic inflammation of the intestines and stomach during exacerbation;
• hemorrhagic diathesis;
• heart failure;
• lactose intolerance;
• renal failure;
• stroke;
• stomach ulcer during exacerbation and other symptoms.

Ketorol is used with extreme caution if the patient has a predisposition to cerebrovascular bleeding and edema. It is also prescribed with caution in the presence of diseases such as:

• chronic hypertension;
• coronary heart disease;
• hepatitis;
• sepsis and pustular skin lesions;
• nervous system disorders and somatic diseases;
• diabetes mellitus;
• kidney problems.

Doctors do not advise combining medications With alcoholic drinks , as this can cause intoxication. But other non-steroidal drugs need to be excluded or their amount reduced.

Side effects

The following categories are most susceptible to side effects:

• people 65 and older with chronic liver disease and ulcers;
• those who have individual intolerance to the components of the product;
• suffering from cancer.

As for the side effects themselves, they are divided into three subcategories:

• frequent;
• medium frequency;
• rare;
• single.

The first group includes heartburn, excessive urination, diarrhea, drowsiness, decreased blood pressure, swelling of soft tissues and extremities, and headache.

Increased sweating, stomatitis, pressure surges, skin rashes, flatulence and constipation are not so common.

Very rarely observed:

IN in some cases Fever, rhinitis, laryngeal swelling, nosebleeds, and more may appear.

Individual intolerance Ketorola can provoke allergies, which manifest themselves in the form of phenomena such as:

• dry mucous membranes;
• breathing problems;
• itchy skin;
• anaphylaxis;
• swelling.

To identify an allergy, the use of tablets must be stopped and take the following measures:

• give an antihistamine;
• drink a lot;
• call emergency help.

If an allergy to a specific drug is diagnosed, the first dose is taken at inpatient conditions, the dose is an eighth of daily norm. If there are no side effects, it is gradually increased.

Ketorol is most often well tolerated if the patient does not have serious health problems and does not suffer from chronic diseases. Side effects directly depend on individual characteristics the patient, his age and lifestyle.

Manifestations of overdose and its elimination

If the overdose was severe, then the body succumbs to severe intoxication, which manifests itself in the form of symptoms such as:

In case of overdose, you need to take the following measures:

• remove the remaining tablets from internal organs when no more than an hour has passed after administration, by inducing a gag reflex;
• we reduce the concentration of toxins using sorbents ( activated carbon, Enterosgel, Sorbex, etc.);
• Provide the patient with water-salt balance - you need to drink at least 2 liters in small sips, but infrequently. For best result do saline solution based on salt and soda and sugar. The mixture should be drunk for several days until the side effects completely disappear.

An overdose can occur even with the usual dose of Ketorol when combined with other non-steroidal drugs or along with intramuscular injections . Be sure to read the instructions and follow the dosage.

Ketorol and other drugs at the same time: how they are combined

Taking Ketorol tablets cannot be combined with such drugs as:

• Corticotropins;
• Ethanol;
• acetylsalicylic acid;
• calcium-based vitamins.

All this can provoke profuse bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and other complex diseases.

When combined with paracetamol, methotrexate and gold-based drugs Ketorol provokes the development of nephrotoxicity and others serious problems With excretory system. What if you combine it with Ketorol? antihypertensive drugs, then their effectiveness is reduced. And if the patient has diabetes mellitus the insulin dose should be adjusted because Ketorol affects the level of glucose in the blood and its breakdown.

If it is used together with Nefidipine and Verapamil, their concentration increases greatly, which helps in the treatment of myalgia and neuralgia.

What else you need to know about Ketorol

Ketorol is also not recommended for use in anesthesia for minor surgical operations, This may cause bleeding, it is also better not to use it for chronic pain.

Treatment with this drug if there are problems in circulatory system should be carried out with constant monitoring of the condition and quantity of platelets and their sedimentation rate. Tests are taken before and after taking the pill.

At oncological diseases Ketorol can be combined with a small amount opiates. But it cannot be combined with antitumor drugs, which can cause kidney problems.

Benefits of Ketorol

Key Benefits Ketorol compared to other drugs are:

• it is used as a safe pain reliever;
• its use does not affect concentration and performance in any way;
• does not have a pronounced sedative effect;
• not capable of causing addiction;
• Ketorol can be used for liver function disorders;
• has no anxiolotic effect;
• affordable price.

And if we talk about the last advantage of Ketorol tablets, the drug, which is sold in a package with two blisters of 20 tablets each, is inexpensive - only about 50 rubles, A domestic analogue will cost even less. IN different first aid kits prices will vary slightly.

We can conclude that Ketorol painkillers help cope with pain perfectly of different nature and more serious syndromes. Along with high efficiency they are safe and inexpensive.