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What does the basal temperature chart look like during ovulation? Measuring basal temperature during ovulation. Chart of basal temperature during pregnancy, normal and pathological menstrual cycle

The female body is amazingly multifaceted and structured in a unique way. With the help of simple manipulations, regular counting and correct observations, a woman can independently determine the maximum favorable days to conceive a child. Elementary and maximum precise method One of such practical diagnostics is determining the level of basal temperature. In addition, this indicator is also very useful for monitoring the mother’s condition during pregnancy. All you need is to learn how to correctly measure basal temperature and correctly interpret the results obtained.

The level of basal temperature determines the condition and changes in the woman’s reproductive system. Moreover, this level constantly fluctuates depending on the changing hormonal levels. Determining basal temperature helps to accurately determine the period of ovulation, determine the nature of the delay in the menstrual cycle and is an indicator women's health in a delicate area. Professional gynecologists advise their patients not only to understand what basal temperature means, but also to be able to measure it correctly.

Features of changes in basal temperature

On average, one day before ovulation, and for some women 12 hours before ovulation, the level of basal temperature begins to rapidly decrease. At the moment of maturation of the egg, the temperature is set at a level and then begins to increase by an average of 0.5 - 0.7 degrees.
What should be the basal temperature during a woman’s fertile phase, and at what point does it occur? In the productive phase of the cycle, when the probability of getting pregnant is the highest, basal temperature, according to practical observations, is maximally increased. This period begins according to the physiological characteristics of each woman differently, but in any case, starting from the first days of menstruation, plus 3 days. The subsequent days of the cycle are not productive for conception.
Due to a large number factors influencing fluctuations in basal temperature, its measurement and correct interpretation require special attention. Therefore, it is extremely important to note in the graph not only the current temperature, but also to enter factors that could influence it on that day.
During periods of acute illnesses or exacerbations, it is important to continue measuring basal temperature and maintaining a graph for subsequent statistics and a general picture of observations.

How to measure basal temperature

In order to correctly determine the basal temperature, it is enough to adhere to simple rules, frequency and sequence of its measurement. The most important thing is a clear schedule of basal temperature fluctuations. The mandatory time for its measurement should be morning period– after immediate awakening. If you seriously decide to control your body and monitor your hormonal cycle for the purpose of pregnancy, measure your basal temperature every day at the same time.

Methods for determining basal temperature

There are three ways to determine what basal temperature is in a woman’s body:

oral - when measuring, the thermometer is located on the tip of the tongue, and the lips are tightly closed;
vaginal - the tip of the thermometer is inserted into the vagina in a lying position for half of its entire length and fixed in a motionless state for 10 minutes;
rectal – basal temperature is measured through anal hole an ordinary thermometer.

Technology for determining basal temperature

The first phase of basal temperature coincides with the first day of the menstrual cycle. Clearly record the dates of bleeding, and start each chart from their first day.
Prepare in advance for the procedure before going to bed. The most accurate result will be obtained immediately after waking up and before getting out of bed. If your sleep schedule requires a morning toilet, for example at 5 or 6 am, you need to take measurements at this time, and not wait until you finally get up.
Monitor the duration and quality of your sleep. The optimal rest time for accurate readings is 6 full hours.
Be especially careful when choosing a device for measuring basal temperature levels. It is recommended to use a mercury thermometer high quality production as clearer in this case. Electrical appliance may be more convenient, familiar and, in some cases, even safer, but the spout of such a thermometer is too small and its results may have a significant error during loose contact with the body. The duration of the measurement should be at least 10 minutes and in any case before the signal from the electric thermometer.
Always use the same reading meter.
Basal temperature during pregnancy is important factor not only for conception, but also during pregnancy. For clarity, keep it to a minimum bad habits, and especially alcohol consumption, which significantly affects fluctuations in the level of basal temperature in a woman’s body. Certain spikes in indicators were noticed during periods of stress, after active sexual intercourse, with foci of inflammation in the body, diarrhea and intestinal infections, as well as after using heating pads in the abdominal area.
It is important to remember that taking any hormonal contraceptive drugs won't let you do it precise definition basal temperature on any day of the cycle.
Once per early stages Having adopted one method for determining basal temperature as a rule, stick to it constantly. Changes in determination methods may give a biased picture of the cycle graph.
Every day, enter the measurement results into a table, and also make notes in case of deviations in the form of lack of sleep, stress, alcohol consumption, etc.
To obtain an accurate individual graph of basal temperature, it is necessary to observe its changes for at least 3 menstrual cycles in a row.

Positive features of the method

Using any method of determining basal temperature does not require any fixed costs and does not have any impact side effects on the body.
For warning unwanted pregnancy or for the purpose of speedy conception, measuring basal temperature is suitable for any woman, regardless of health and physiological characteristics body.
The procedure is completely simple and does not require a visit to a gynecologist.
A real and simple way to independently monitor your health, control the date of conception and the course of pregnancy.

Negative features of the method

Using the method of measuring basal temperature for contraception is much more gentle on the body when compared with hormonal drugs, but at the same time completely depends on the conscientiousness and scrupulousness of the couple in this matter.
The monthly need to abstain from sexual activity during the fertile phase to prevent unwanted pregnancy.
You can rely on the accuracy of the method for determining basal temperature only in the case of a regular menstrual cycle.
Daily measurement of readings and planned maintenance of calendar and schedule is important part to control ovulation.
Emerging difficulties in interpreting measurement results, especially in the presence of factors influencing its level.
Determination of basal temperature turns out to be more effective means for women seeking to become pregnant rather than to prevent it. According to statistics, about 15 - 25% of women who control ovulation in this way become unplanned pregnant.
Not effective for girls, especially in adolescence, in whose body age-related hormonal changes occur.

What should be your basal temperature?

The relatively simple process of determining the temperature level is compensated by the need to correctly “read” the results. As we wrote above, it is at the moment of ovulation and only after the egg is released from the ovary that the level of basal temperature rises sharply and increases over the next 2 to 3 days. It is this event that divides the menstrual cycle into two phases.

In average statistical practice, the following fluctuations in basal temperature levels are considered normal:

in the second half of the cycle, the basal temperature is always higher than in the first;
observed sharp decline basal temperature before the onset of the rectal period, approximately 12 - 24 hours;
in the second half of the cycle, which lasts from 10 to 14 days, the temperature increases by 0.3 - 0.7 ºC and fluctuates between 37.0 - 37.5 ºC;
before bleeding begins, the basal temperature decreases by 0.3 ºC.

Basal temperature: features

The highest probability of egg fertilization occurs three days in advance and at the time of ovulation.
If there are no changes in the basal temperature chart during the cycle, you should definitely consult a doctor. Such symptoms may indicate possible infertility or problems with ovarian function.
Depending on the physiology of each woman, the menstrual cycle can last from 25 to 28 days or up to 35. Moreover, the second phase of the period is always from 12 to 14 days, and the first can fluctuate in duration up or down.
The presence of high temperatures in the first half of the cycle relative to the second may indicate elevated level hormone estrogen in the blood, which for successful conception the child must be corrected with hormonal drugs under the supervision of a doctor.
A reduced basal temperature in the second phase of the cycle may indicate an insufficient amount of hormones in the body. The results of observations must be reported to the gynecologist for an appointment. additional tests and subsequent treatment.

Basal temperature chart during pregnancy

The level of basal temperature is one of the very first and most important indicators of the onset of ovulation and long-awaited pregnancy. If you know how to measure it correctly, you will be able to quickly and clearly monitor your condition while carrying a child.

If your basal temperature level remains consistently elevated within 37.0 - 37.5 ºC for 18 days, you can state a high probability of pregnancy and contact a gynecologist for clarification. During pregnancy, this temperature will persist until birth.
Be sure to regularly measure your basal temperature and keep a chart throughout your pregnancy. A sharp drop in temperature in the first trimester can be the first sign of the threat of miscarriage.
Fluctuations in basal temperature in the fifth month of pregnancy should also alarm expectant mother. Often it is at this time that the likelihood of a frozen pregnancy increases. If the temperature remains below 37 ºC for more than one day, consult a doctor immediately.
The development of an acute inflammatory process is signaled by a sharp increase in basal temperature - up to 38 ºC. IN similar situation, especially during pregnancy, you should immediately contact your doctor to prescribe treatment that is gentle for the child.

Measuring basal temperature has become truly folk remedy pregnancy planning.

Why measure basal temperature
Basal or rectal temperature (BT)- This is the body temperature at rest after at least 3-6 hours of sleep, the temperature is measured in the mouth, rectum or vagina. The temperature measured at this moment is practically not affected by factors external environment. Experience shows that many women perceive the doctor’s demands to measure basal temperature as a formality and basal temperature does not solve anything, but this is far from the case.

The method of measuring basal body temperature was developed in 1953 by the English professor Marshall and refers to research techniques, which are based on the biological effect of sex hormones, namely on the hyperthermic (increase in temperature) action of progesterone on the thermoregulation center. Measuring basal body temperature is one of the main tests functional diagnostics work of the ovaries. Based on the results of BT measurements, a graph is constructed; an analysis of basal temperature graphs is given below.

Measuring basal temperature and charting is recommended in gynecology in the following cases:

If you have been trying to get pregnant for a year without success
If you suspect yourself or your partner is infertile
If your gynecologist suspects you have hormonal imbalances

In addition to the above cases, when charting basal body temperature is recommended by a gynecologist, You can measure your basal body temperature if:

Do you want to increase your chances of getting pregnant?
You are experimenting with methods of planning the sex of your child
You want to observe your body and understand the processes taking place in it (this can help you communicate with specialists)

Experience shows that many women perceive the doctor’s demands to measure basal temperature as a formality and it does not solve anything.

In fact, By measuring your basal body temperature, you and your doctor can find out:

Does the egg mature and when does this happen (accordingly, highlight “dangerous” days for the purpose of protection or, conversely, the possibility of getting pregnant);
Did ovulation occur after the egg matured?
Determine the quality of your work endocrine system
Suspect gynecological problems, such as endometritis
When to expect your next menstruation
Whether pregnancy occurred due to delay or unusual menstruation;
Assess how correctly the ovaries secrete hormones according to the phases of the menstrual cycle;

A graph of basal temperature, drawn up according to all measurement rules, can show not only the presence of ovulation in a cycle or its absence, but also indicate diseases of the reproductive and endocrine systems. You must measure your basal temperature for at least 3 cycles so that the information accumulated during this time allows you to make accurate predictions about the expected date of ovulation and the most favorable time of conception, as well as conclusions about hormonal disorders. Only a gynecologist can give an accurate assessment of your basal temperature chart. Drawing up a basal temperature chart can help a gynecologist determine deviations in the cycle and suggest the absence of ovulation, but at the same time, a gynecologist’s diagnosis based solely on the basal temperature chart without additional tests and examinations most often indicates medical unprofessionalism.

It is necessary to measure the basal temperature, and not the body temperature at the armpit. General increase temperature as a result of illness, overheating, physical activity, eating, stress, naturally affects basal temperature indicators and makes them unreliable.

Thermometer for measuring basal temperature.

You will need a regular medical thermometer: mercury or electronic. The basal temperature is measured with a mercury thermometer for five minutes, but the electronic thermometer must be removed after the signal about the end of the measurement. After it squeaks, the temperature will continue to rise for some time, since the thermometer records the moment when the temperature rises above very slowly (and don’t listen to the nonsense about the thermometer not being in good contact with the muscles of the anus). The thermometer must be prepared in advance, in the evening, by placing it next to the bed. Do not place mercury thermometers under your pillow!

Rules for measuring basal temperature.
1. You should measure your basal temperature every day if possible, including on your period.

2. You can measure in the mouth, vagina or rectum. The main thing is that the measurement location does not change throughout the entire cycle. Measuring armpit temperature does not provide accurate results. At orally measuring basal temperature You place the thermometer under your tongue and measure with your mouth closed for 5 minutes.
For vaginal or rectal method To measure, insert the narrow part of the thermometer into the anus or vagina, measurement duration is 3 minutes. Measuring temperature in the rectum is the most common.

3. Measure your basal temperature in the morning, immediately after waking up and before getting out of bed.

4. It is necessary to measure basal temperature at the same time (a difference of half an hour to an hour (maximum one and a half hours) is acceptable). If you decide to sleep longer on the weekend, make a note about it in your schedule. Keep in mind that every extra hour of sleep raises your basal temperature by about 0.1 degrees.

5. Continuous sleep before measuring basal temperature in the morning should last at least three hours. Therefore, if you take your temperature at 8 am, but got up at 7 am to go, for example, to the toilet, it is better to measure your BBT before that, otherwise, at your usual 8 o’clock it will no longer be informative.

6. You can use either a digital or a mercury thermometer to measure. It is important not to change the thermometer during one cycle.
If you use a mercury thermometer, shake it off before going to sleep. The effort you use to shake off the thermometer immediately before measuring your basal temperature can affect your temperature.

7. Basal temperature is measured while lying still. Do not make unnecessary movements, do not turn, activity should be minimal. Do not under any circumstances get up to take a thermometer! Therefore, it is better to prepare it in the evening and place it near the bed so that you can reach the thermometer with your hand. Some experts advise taking the measurement without even opening your eyes, since daylight can increase the release of certain hormones.

8. Readings from the thermometer are taken immediately after it is removed.

9. After measurement, it is best to immediately write down your basal temperature. Otherwise you will forget or get confused. The basal temperature is approximately the same every day, differing by tenths of degrees. Relying on your memory, you can get confused in the readings. If the thermometer readings are between two numbers, record the lower reading.

10. The graph must indicate the reasons that could lead to an increase in basal temperature (ARI, inflammatory diseases etc.).

11. Business trips, travel and flights, sexual intercourse the night before or in the morning can significantly affect basal temperature.

12. In case of illnesses accompanied by elevated body temperature, your basal temperature will be uninformative and you can stop taking measurements for the duration of your illness.

13. Various medications, such as sleeping pills, sedatives and hormonal drugs, can affect basal temperature.
Measuring basal temperature and simultaneous use of oral (hormonal) contraceptives does not make any sense. Basal temperature depends on the concentration of hormones in the tablets.

14. After drinking a large amount of alcohol, the basal temperature will be uninformative.

15. When working at night, basal temperature is measured during the day after at least 3-4 hours of sleep.

The basal body temperature (BT) recording table should contain the following lines:

Day of the month
Cycle day
BT
Notes: Heavy or moderate discharge, deviations that can affect BT: general disease, including with an increase in temperature, diarrhea, intercourse in the evening (and even more so in the morning), drinking alcohol the day before, measuring BBT at an unusual time, going to bed late (for example, I went to bed at 3 o’clock and measured it at 6), taking sleeping pills, stress, etc.

All factors that could in one way or another affect the change in basal temperature are entered in the “Notes” column.

This form of recording is very helpful for both the woman and her doctor to understand possible reasons infertility, cycle disorders, etc.

Rationale for the basal body temperature method

Basal body temperature changes during the cycle under the influence of hormones.

During the maturation of the egg against the background of a high level of estrogen (the first phase of the menstrual cycle, hypothermic, “low”), the basal temperature is low; on the eve of ovulation it drops to its minimum, and then rises again, reaching a maximum. At this hour, ovulation occurs. After ovulation, a phase of high temperature begins (the second phase of the menstrual cycle, hyperthermic, “high”), which is caused by low levels of estrogen and high levels of progesterone. Pregnancy under the influence of progesterone also occurs entirely in a high temperature phase. The difference between the “low” (hypothermic) and “high” (hyperthermic) phases is 0.4-0.8 °C. Only with an accurate measurement of basal body temperature can one record the level of “low” temperature in the first half of the menstrual cycle, the transition from “low” to “high” on the day of ovulation, and the level of temperature in the second phase of the cycle.

Usually during menstruation the temperature remains at 37°C. During the period of follicle maturation (the first phase of the cycle), the temperature does not exceed 37°C. Just before ovulation it decreases (the result of the action of estrogen), and after it the basal temperature rises to 37.1 ° C and higher (the influence of progesterone). Until the next menstruation, the basal temperature remains elevated and decreases slightly by the first day of menstruation. If the basal temperature in the first phase, relative to the second, is high, then this may indicate a low amount of estrogen in the body and requires correction with medications containing female sex hormones. On the contrary, if in the second phase, relative to the first, a low basal temperature is observed, then this is an indicator of low progesterone levels and drugs are also prescribed to correct hormonal levels. This should be done only after passing the appropriate hormone tests and a doctor’s prescription.

A persistent two-phase cycle indicates ovulation, which has taken place, and the presence of a functionally active corpus luteum ( correct rhythm ovarian function).
The absence of a rise in temperature in the second phase of the cycle (monotonic curve) or significant temperature swings, both in the first and second half of the cycle with the absence of a stable rise, indicates inoculation (lack of release of the egg from the ovaries).
Delayed rise and its short duration (hypothermic phase for 2-7, up to 10 days) is observed with a shortening of the luteal phase, insufficient rise (0.2-0.3 ° C) - with insufficient functioning of the corpus luteum.
The thermogenic effect of progesterone leads to an increase in body temperature by at least 0.33 ° C (the effect lasts until the end of the luteal, that is, the second, phase of the menstrual cycle). Progesterone levels peak 8-9 days after ovulation, which roughly corresponds to the time the fertilized egg implants into the uterine wall.

By charting your basal temperature, you can not only determine when you ovulate, but also find out what processes are occurring in your body.

Interpretation of basal temperature charts. Examples

If the basal temperature chart is constructed correctly, taking into account the measurement rules, it can reveal not only the presence or absence of ovulation, but also some diseases.

Covering line
The line is drawn over 6 temperature values in the first phase of the cycle preceding ovulation.
This does not take into account the first 5 days of the cycle, as well as days on which the temperature could be affected by various negative factors (see rules for measuring temperature). This line does not allow any conclusions to be drawn from the graph and is for illustrative purposes only.

Ovulation line
In order to judge the onset of ovulation, the rules established by the World Health Organization (WHO) are used:
Three temperature values in a row must be above the level of the line drawn over the previous 6 temperature values.
The difference between the center line and the three temperature values must be at least 0.1 degrees on two days out of three and at least 0.2 degrees on one of those days.

If your temperature curve meets these requirements, then an ovulation line will appear on your basal temperature chart 1-2 days after ovulation.
Sometimes it is not possible to determine ovulation using the WHO method due to the fact that there are high temperatures in the first phase of the cycle. In this case, you can apply the “finger rule” to the basal temperature chart. This rule excludes temperature values that differ from the previous or subsequent temperature by more than 0.2 degrees. Such temperature values should not be taken into account when calculating ovulation if the overall basal temperature chart is normal.
The most optimal time For conception, the day of ovulation and 2 days before it are considered.

Menstrual cycle length
The total length of the cycle should normally not be shorter than 21 days and should not exceed 35 days. If your cycles are shorter or longer, then you may have ovarian dysfunction, which is often the cause of infertility and requires treatment by a gynecologist.

Second phase length
The basal temperature chart is divided into the first and second phases. The division takes place where the ovulation line (vertical) is marked. Accordingly, the first phase of the cycle is the segment of the graph before ovulation, and the second phase of the cycle is after ovulation.

The length of the second phase of the cycle is normally from 12 to 16 days, most often 14 days. In contrast, the length of the first phase can vary greatly and these variations are the individual norm. At the same time, in a healthy woman in different cycles there should be no significant differences in the length of the first phase and the second phase. The total length of the cycle normally changes only due to the length of the first phase.

One of the problems identified on the graphs and confirmed by subsequent hormonal studies is the failure of the second phase. If you measure your basal temperature over several cycles, following all the measurement rules, and your second phase is shorter than 10 days, this is a reason to consult a gynecologist. Also, if you regularly have sexual intercourse during ovulation, pregnancy does not occur and the length of the second phase is at the lower limit (10 or 11 days), then this may indicate insufficiency of the second phase.

Temperature difference
Normally, the difference in average temperatures of the first and second phases should be more than 0.4 degrees. If it is lower, this may indicate hormonal problems. Take a blood test for progesterone and estrogen and consult a gynecologist.

An increase in basal temperature occurs when serum progesterone levels exceed 2.5-4.0 ng/ml (7.6-12.7 nmol/l). However, monophasic basal temperature has been identified in a number of patients with normal level progesterone in the second phase of the cycle. In addition, monophasic basal temperature is observed in approximately 20% of ovulatory cycles. A simple statement of two-phase basal temperature does not prove normal function corpus luteum. Basal temperature also cannot be used to determine the time of ovulation, since even during luteinization of an unovulated follicle, a two-phase basal temperature is observed. Nevertheless, the duration of the luteal phase in accordance with basal temperature data and the low rate of rise in basal temperature after ovulation are accepted by many authors as criteria for diagnosing luteinization syndrome of a non-ovulating follicle.

Classic gynecological manuals describe five main types of temperature curves.

Normal two-phase cycle according to the basal temperature chart
Such graphs indicate an increase in temperature in the second phase of the cycle by at least 0.4 C; a noticeable “preovulatory” and “premenstrual” drop in temperature. The duration of the temperature increase after ovulation is 12-14 days. This curve is typical for a normal two-phase menstrual cycle.

The example graph shows a pre-ovulatory drop on the 12th day of the cycle (the temperature drops significantly two days before ovulation), as well as a premenstrual drop starting from the 26th day of the cycle.

There is a slight rise in temperature in the second phase. The temperature difference in the first and second phases is no more than 0.2-0.3 C. Such a curve may indicate estrogen-progesterone deficiency. See examples of graphs below.

If such graphs are repeated from cycle to cycle, then this may indicate hormonal imbalances which are the cause of infertility.
Basal temperature begins to rise only shortly before menstruation, and there is no “premenstrual” drop in temperature. The second phase of the cycle can last less than 10 days. This curve is typical for a two-phase menstrual cycle with insufficiency of the second phase. See examples of graphs below.

Pregnancy in such a cycle is possible, but it is under threat from the very beginning. At this moment, the woman cannot yet know about the pregnancy; even gynecologists would find it difficult to make a diagnosis at such an early stage. With such a schedule, we may not be talking about infertility, but about miscarriage. Be sure to contact your gynecologist if this schedule repeats for you for 3 cycles.

Does not form in a cycle without ovulation corpus luteum, which produces the hormone progesterone and affects the increase in basal body temperature. In this case, the basal temperature chart does not show a rise in temperature and ovulation is not detected. If there is no ovulation line on the graph, in this case we're talking about about the anovulatory cycle.

Each woman may have several anovulatory cycles per year - this is normal and does not require medical intervention, but if this situation repeats from cycle to cycle, then be sure to consult a gynecologist. Without ovulation, pregnancy is impossible!
A monotonous curve occurs when there is no pronounced rise throughout the entire cycle. This schedule is observed during an anovulatory (no ovulation) cycle. See examples of graphs below.

On average, a woman has one anovulatory cycle per year and there is no reason to worry in this case. But anovulatory schedules, which are repeated from cycle to cycle - this is a very serious reason to consult a gynecologist. Without ovulation, a woman cannot become pregnant and we are talking about female infertility.

Estrogen deficiency
Chaotic temperature curve. The graph shows large temperature ranges; it does not fit into any of the types described above. This type of curve can be observed both with severe estrogen deficiency and depend on random factors. Examples of graphs are below.
A competent gynecologist will definitely require hormone tests and conduct an ultrasound examination before prescribing medications.

High basal temperature in the first phase

The basal temperature chart is divided into the first and second phases. The division takes place where the ovulation line (vertical line) is marked. Accordingly, the first phase of the cycle is the segment of the graph before ovulation, and the second phase of the cycle is after ovulation.

Estrogen deficiency
In the first phase of the cycle in female body The dominant hormone is estrogen. Under the influence of this hormone, the basal temperature before ovulation averages between 36.2 and 36.5 degrees. If the temperature in the first phase rises and remains above this level, then estrogen deficiency can be assumed. In this case, the average temperature of the first phase rises to 36.5 - 36.8 degrees and is maintained at this level. To increase estrogen levels, gynecologists-endocrinologists will prescribe hormonal drugs.

Estrogen deficiency also leads to elevated temperature in the second phase of the cycle (above 37.1 degrees), while the rise in temperature is slowed down and takes more than 3 days.

Using the example graph, the temperature in the first phase is above 37.0 degrees, in the second phase it rises to 37.5, the rise in temperature by 0.2 degrees on the 17th and 18th days of the cycle is insignificant. Fertilization in a cycle with such a schedule is very problematic.

Inflammation of the appendages
Another reason for the increase in temperature in the first phase may be inflammation of the appendages. In this case, the temperature rises only for a few days in the first phase to 37 degrees, and then drops again. In such graphs, calculating ovulation is difficult, since such a rise “masks” the ovulatory rise.

In the example graph, the temperature in the first phase of the cycle is kept at 37.0 degrees, the increase occurs sharply and also decreases sharply. A rise in temperature on the 6th day of the cycle can be mistakenly taken for an ovulatory rise, but in fact it most likely indicates inflammation. That's why it's so important to measure your temperature throughout your cycle to rule out a scenario where your temperature rises due to inflammation, then drops again, and then rises due to ovulation.

Endometritis
Normally, the temperature in the first phase should decrease during menstrual bleeding. If your temperature at the end of the cycle drops before the start of menstruation and rises again to 37.0 degrees with the beginning of menstruation (less often on the 2-3rd day of the cycle), then this may indicate the presence of endometritis.

Low temperature in the second phase of the menstrual cycle

In the second phase of the cycle, the basal temperature should differ significantly (by about 0.4 degrees) from the first phase and be at 37.0 degrees or higher if you measure the temperature rectally. If the temperature difference is less than 0.4 degrees and the average temperature of the second phase does not reach 36.8 degrees, then this may indicate problems.

Corpus luteum deficiency
In the second phase of the cycle, the female body begins to produce the hormone progesterone or the hormone of the corpus luteum. This hormone is responsible for raising the temperature in the second phase of the cycle and preventing the onset of menstruation. If this hormone is not enough, the temperature rises slowly and the resulting pregnancy may be in jeopardy.

The temperature with corpus luteum deficiency rises shortly before menstruation, and there is no “premenstrual” drop. This may indicate hormonal deficiency. The diagnosis is made based on a blood test for progesterone in the second phase of the cycle. If its values are reduced, then the gynecologist usually prescribes a progesterone substitute: utrozhestan or duphaston. These drugs are taken strictly after ovulation. If pregnancy occurs, use continues until 10-12 weeks. Abrupt withdrawal of progesterone in the second phase during pregnancy can lead to the threat of termination of pregnancy.

Special attention you need to pay attention to charts with a short second phase. If the second phase is shorter than 10 days, then one can also judge that the second phase is insufficient.
Situations when the basal temperature remains elevated for more than 14 days occur during pregnancy, the formation of an ovarian corpus luteum cyst, as well as during an acute inflammatory process of the pelvic organs.

Estrogen-progesterone deficiency
If, in combination with low temperature in the second phase, your chart shows a slight rise in temperature (0.2-0.3 C) after ovulation, then such a curve may indicate not only a lack of progesterone, but also a lack of the hormone estrogen.

Hyperprolactinemia
Due to an increase in the level of the pituitary hormone, prolactin, which is responsible for maintaining pregnancy and lactation, the basal temperature graph in this case may resemble the graph of a pregnant woman. Menstruation, just like during pregnancy, may be absent. An example of a basal temperature chart for hyperprolactinemia

Basal temperature chart for ovulation stimulation
When ovulation is stimulated, in particular by clomiphene (clostilbegit) with the use of duphaston in the second phase of breastfeeding, the basal temperature graph, as a rule, becomes “normal” - two-phase, with a pronounced phase transition, with quite high temperature in the second phase, with characteristic “steps” (the temperature rises 2 times) and a slight depression. If the temperature graph during stimulation, on the contrary, is disrupted and deviates from normal, this may indicate an incorrect selection of the dose of drugs or an inappropriate stimulation scenario (other medications may be needed). An increase in temperature in the first phase upon stimulation with clomiphene also occurs with individual sensitivity to the drug.

Special cases of basal temperature chart
Low or high temperature in both phases, provided that the temperature difference is at least 0.4 degrees, is not a pathology. This individual feature body. The measurement method can also affect the temperature values. Typically, with an oral measurement, the basal temperature is 0.2 degrees lower than with a rectal or vaginal measurement.

When to contact a gynecologist?

If you strictly follow the rules for measuring temperature and observe the described problems on your basal temperature chart in at least 2 cycles in a row, consult a doctor for additional examinations. Beware of your gynecologist making diagnoses based solely on charts. What you need to pay attention to:

◦anovulatory schedules
regular cycle delays when pregnancy does not occur
late ovulation and failure to become pregnant for several cycles
controversial charts with unclear ovulation
graphs with high temperature throughout the cycle
graphs with low temperature throughout the cycle
schedules with a short (less than 10 days) second phase
graphs with high temperature in the second phase of the cycle for more than 18 days, without the onset of menstruation and negative test for pregnancy
unexplained bleeding or heavy discharge mid-cycle
heavy menstruation lasting more than 5 days
graphs with a temperature difference in the first and second phases of less than 0.4 degrees
cycles shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days
charts with clearly defined ovulation, regular intercourse during ovulation and no pregnancy occurring for several cycles

Signs of probable infertility according to the basal temperature chart:

The average value of the second phase of the cycle (after the temperature rise) exceeds the average value of the first phase by less than 0.4°C.
In the second phase of the cycle, there are temperature drops (the temperature drops below 37°C).
The rise in temperature in the middle of the cycle continues for more than 3 to 4 days.
The second phase is short (less than 8 days).

Determining pregnancy by basal temperature

The method of determining pregnancy by basal temperature works provided there is ovulation in the cycle, since with some health problems the basal temperature can be elevated for an arbitrarily long time, and menstruation may be absent. A striking example such a disorder is hyperprolactinemia, caused by increased production the pituitary gland produces the hormone prolactin. Prolactin is responsible for maintaining pregnancy and lactation and is normally elevated only during pregnancy and lactation (see Examples of graphs for normal conditions and various disorders).

Fluctuations in basal temperature in different phases of the menstrual cycle are caused by different levels hormones responsible for phases 1 and 2.
During menstruation, basal temperature is always elevated (about 37.0 and above). In the first phase of the cycle (follicular) before ovulation, the basal temperature is low, up to 37.0 degrees.
Before ovulation, basal temperature decreases, and immediately after ovulation it increases by 0.4 - 0.5 degrees and remains elevated until the next menstruation.

In women with different lengths of the menstrual cycle, the duration follicular phase different, but the length of the luteal (second) phase of the cycle is approximately the same and does not exceed 12-14 days. Thus, if the basal temperature after the jump (which indicates ovulation) remains elevated for more than 14 days, this clearly indicates pregnancy.

This method of determining pregnancy works provided there is ovulation in the cycle, since with some health problems the basal temperature can be elevated for an arbitrarily long time, and menstruation may be absent. A striking example of such a disorder is hyperprolactinemia, caused by increased production of the hormone prolactin by the pituitary gland. Prolactin is responsible for maintaining pregnancy and lactation and is normally elevated only during pregnancy and lactation.

If a woman is pregnant, then menstruation will not occur and the temperature will remain elevated throughout pregnancy. A decrease in basal temperature during pregnancy may indicate a lack of hormones that maintain pregnancy and the threat of its termination.

When pregnancy occurs, in most cases, implantation occurs 7-10 days after ovulation - the introduction of a fertilized egg into the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus). IN in rare cases early (before 7 days) or late (after 10 days) implantation is observed. Unfortunately, it is impossible to reliably determine the presence or absence of implantation either on the basis of a chart or with the help of ultrasound at an appointment with a gynecologist. However, there are several signs that may indicate implantation has taken place. All these signs can be detected 7-10 days after ovulation:

It is possible that small discharge appears these days, which disappears within 1-2 days. This may be so-called implantation bleeding. At the moment of implantation of the egg into inner shell uterus, the endometrium is damaged, which leads to minor discharge. But if you experience regular discharge in the middle of the cycle, and pregnancy does not occur, then you should contact a gynecology center.

A sharp decrease in temperature to a level midline for one day in the second phase, the so-called implantation retraction. This is one of the signs most often observed in charts with confirmed pregnancy. This retraction can occur for two reasons. Firstly, the production of the hormone progesterone, which is responsible for raising the temperature, begins to decrease from the middle of the second phase; with pregnancy, its production resumes again, which leads to temperature fluctuations. Secondly, during pregnancy, the hormone estrogen is released, which in turn lowers the temperature. The combination of these two hormonal shifts leads to the appearance of implantation retraction on the graph.

Your chart has become three-phase, which means that you see a rise in temperature on the chart, similar to ovulation, during the second phase of the cycle. This rise is again due to the increased production of the hormone progesterone after implantation.

The example graph shows implantation retraction on the 21st day of the cycle and the presence of the third phase, starting from the 26th day of the cycle.

Such early signs pregnancy, such as nausea, chest tightness, frequent urination, intestinal upset or just the feeling of pregnancy also do not provide an accurate answer. You may not be pregnant if you have all of these signs, or you may be pregnant without any symptoms.

All these signs can be a confirmation of pregnancy, but you should not rely on them, since there are many examples in which the signs were present, but pregnancy did not occur. Or, conversely, when pregnancy occurred there were no signs. The most reliable conclusions can be drawn if there is a clear rise in temperature on your chart, you had sexual intercourse 1-2 days before or during ovulation, and your temperature remains high 14 days after ovulation. In this case, the time has come to take a pregnancy test, which will finally confirm your expectations.
Measuring basal temperature is one of the main methods of tracking fertility, recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). You can read more about this in the WHO document " Medical criteria acceptability for the use of contraceptive methods" page 117.
When you use the basal temperature method to protect against unwanted pregnancy, you need to take into account that not only the days of ovulation according to the basal temperature schedule can be dangerous. Therefore, during the period from the beginning of menstruation until the evening of the 3rd day after the rise in basal temperature, which occurs after ovulation, it is better to use additional measures to prevent unwanted pregnancy.

Attention! Making any diagnoses based solely on basal temperature charts is impossible. Diagnoses are made based on additional examinations performed by a gynecologist.

The Basal Temperature (BT) method is one way to track fertile days which are considered most favorable for conception. Many women use it successfully when planning pregnancy. It is also interesting because it can determine the presence or absence of ovulation, evaluate the functioning of the ovaries, and suggest possible pregnancy a few days after ovulation, and also monitor its development for the first 12-14 weeks.

What is basal temperature

Basal temperature is the temperature measured with a thermometer orally, vaginally, or, most often, rectally (in the rectum) at rest after a night's sleep. During the menstrual cycle, body temperature changes under the influence of certain hormones.

In the first phase of the cycle (follicular), from the end of menstruation until the beginning of ovulation, estrogen hormones predominate in the body. During this period, the egg matures. The average basal temperature of the first phase is in the range of 36 - 36.5C. And its duration depends on the time of maturation of the egg. For some it may take 10 days to ripen, for others it may take 20.

The day before ovulation, the BT value for one day decreases by 0.2-0.3 C. And during ovulation itself, when a mature egg is released from the follicle and a large amount of the hormone progesterone enters the body, BT should make a jump of 0.4-0.6 C in one or two days, reaching 37.0-37.2 C and stay within these limits throughout the luteal phase.

During the ovulation period, the dominant role of hormones changes (estrogens give way to progesterone). The most successful period for conception is considered to be 3-4 days before ovulation (sperm viability time) and 12-24 hours after ovulation. If during this period the egg does not fuse with the sperm, it dies.

The second, luteal phase, occurs under the influence of the hormone progesterone. It is produced by the corpus luteum, which appears at the site of a burst follicle. The luteal phase lasts from 12 to 16 days. BT throughout the entire phase remains above 37.0 C, and if pregnancy has not occurred, a day or two before the start of menstruation, it decreases by 0.2-0.3 C. During menstruation, expulsion from the body of an unfertilized egg along with the endometrial layer that is unnecessary in this cycle.

It is believed that normally the difference between the average values of the two phases of the menstrual cycle should be at least 0.4 C.

How to measure basal temperature correctly

According to the rules, basal temperature is measured in the morning, at the same time (a deviation of 20-30 minutes is allowed), without getting out of bed, avoiding sudden movements. Therefore, you need to prepare a thermometer - shake it off and put it near the bed - in the evening.

If you have chosen any method of measuring basal temperature, for example, rectal, you must adhere to it throughout the entire cycle. The thermometer is held for 5-7 minutes. It is better to start measuring temperature from the sixth day after the first day of menstruation.

Data can be written down on a piece of paper, and then, by connecting the dots, you can get a graph. Or keep charts on the Internet. For this there are special programs, which are convenient to use. The most difficult thing that will need to be done is to correctly measure BT and enter the indicators into a spreadsheet. Next, the program itself will calculate the time when ovulation occurred (if it occurred), draw a graph, and calculate the temperature difference between the two phases.

If you had to get out of bed at night, you should measure BT after 5-6 hours. Otherwise, the indicators will be uninformative and can not be taken into account that day. It is also worth not taking into account days when you were sick and your body temperature was increased.

It would be much easier if we could measure simple temperature body, not basal. The difficulty is that the body’s temperature during the day can change due to stress, cold, heat, physical activity, etc. Therefore, it is very difficult to catch a period when body temperature would be informative. Therefore, it was decided to measure basal temperature - after 5-6 hours of sleep at rest.

Basal temperature during pregnancy

As mentioned above, the most favorable period for conception is a few days before and one day after ovulation. If pregnancy has occurred, the corpus luteum will produce progesterone up to 12-14 weeks. The basal temperature will remain above 37C all this time; it will not drop before the days of menstruation.

Some women stop measuring BT when they become pregnant. It is not recommended to do this, because... BT during this period is very informative and allows you to control pregnancy.

When pregnancy occurs, BT remains above 37C, the permissible deviation is 0.1-0.3C. If BT values fall below normal for several days in a row in the first 12-14 weeks, it is likely that the embryo is at risk. Progesterone deficiency may be present. You should immediately consult a doctor to take appropriate measures. It would not be superfluous to be examined using an ultrasound machine.

If BT has risen above 38C, this also does not bode well. May indicate the presence of infections in a woman’s body or the beginning of inflammatory processes. You shouldn’t draw conclusions based on a one-time decrease or increase in BT, because Perhaps errors were made when measuring it, or extraneous factors influenced the value - stress, general condition body, etc.

After 12-14 weeks, you can no longer measure your basal temperature, because the indicators are not informative, because by this time the hormonal background of the pregnant woman changes. The mature placenta begins to produce progesterone, and the corpus luteum fades into the background.

Basal temperature chart during pregnancy

If you record your basal temperature readings on paper, or keep a chart on the Internet, you can pay attention to certain signs, which signal that pregnancy has occurred:

- on days 5-10 (usually 7) after ovulation, BT decreases by 0.3-0.5 C for one day. What is called implantation retraction occurs. At this time, the embryo first tries to penetrate the endometrium of the uterus, i.e. find a place and settle down. Often during this period, women notice minor bleeding for 1-2 days, which is called implantation bleeding. Sometimes it looks more like a cream or light brown daub;

— the temperature of the second phase tends to above 37C;

- before the intended critical days, the basal temperature does not fall, but still rises by 0.2-0.3 C, on the graph this stands out as the third phase;

— critical days did not arrive on time, BT continues to remain at a high level for more than 16 days after ovulation. You can do the first test and see the result. It is likely that it will show two stripes.

Don't be upset if your schedule doesn't look like a classic pregnant one. There are charts by which it is impossible to determine the signs of pregnancy, but it has nevertheless occurred.

Increased or decreased basal temperature

An ideal BT chart should look like a flying bird with outstretched wings. The temperature difference between the two parts should be at least 0.4 C. Sometimes there are deviations from the ideal, which may indicate certain problems in the woman’s body.

If the readings of the second phase of the cycle are normal, and the readings of the first phase are above normal, this indicates estrogen deficiency. And if it is significantly lower than normal, then on the contrary, there is an excess of estrogen. Which is one of the causes of infertility. Only in the first case does this indicate a thin endometrium, and in the second - about the existence follicular cysts.

If the values of the first phase are normal, and the values of the second phase are below normal, this indicates a lack of progesterone (pregnancy hormone). IN in this case pregnancy may occur but not be maintained. Therefore, to correct the situation, medications containing progesterone are prescribed, which should be taken strictly under the supervision of a doctor.

If both phases of the cycle are higher or lower than normal, but the difference between the average temperatures remains at least 0.4 C, in this case there are no pathologies or deviations in health. This is how the individual characteristics of the body manifest themselves.

Although the BBT measurement method is simple and accessible for determining pregnancy or diagnosing health, it should not be the only factor for diagnosis. Therefore, it must be combined with other methods. For example, to determine ovulation, you can additionally use test strips or ultrasound monitoring, to confirm pregnancy you can donate blood for hCG or test, and to diagnose health problems, take into account laboratory data.

Basal body temperature (BBT) shows a woman when pregnancy and ovulation may occur. They measure it in a certain way: early in the morning, just waking up, at rest. Any thermometer is suitable for measurements; the time required is 3-6 minutes. Everything is simple, and the results clarify many points.

What is basal temperature and how to measure it

BBT is body temperature, which is measured in the rectum early in the morning, without getting out of bed. This will allow you to find out whether ovulation or egg maturation is currently occurring, and on what days conception is possible. Basal temperature will indicate the imminent onset of menstruation, changes in the cycle, will help in planning and detecting pregnancy or diagnosing certain gynecological problems in the body.

How to correctly measure basal temperature at home:

BBT must be measured from the first day of the arrival of menstruation.
The thermometer should be placed in the rectum and not in the vagina. The rectal method provides accurate data.
The device should be held for 3 minutes.
Measurements must be taken daily for 2-3 months at one hour.
It is better to do this in the morning, after waking up, right in bed. BBT may differ by 1 degree if you measured it in the evening.

Why do you need to measure basal temperature?

When menstruation arrives, a woman's hormonal background undergoes changes. An increase in the amount of progesterone is immediately displayed in numbers on the thermometer:

When the egg matures (with high estrogen levels), the BTT is low.
After this phase it rises again.
On average, an increase in thermometer readings reaches 0.4-0.8 degrees Celsius and indicates ovulation has occurred.

The days before and during ovulation are favorable for conception. You need to know how to correctly measure basal temperature to determine ovulation. It is important to first clarify all the points for yourself in order to maintain a schedule, entering indicators into it with the necessary regularity. Such records will help the doctor get a picture of what is happening, and over time the woman herself will understand the numbers.

How to measure basal temperature to determine pregnancy

How to measure basal temperature to determine pregnancy? The measurement should be taken during the period of maximum rest, which is sleep. Since this is impossible, you need to get as close to the ideal as possible and measure it early in the morning, when you are extremely calm. It makes no sense to find out the data if you are taking hormonal medications or antidepressants, or if you are drinking alcohol.

What thermometer to use to measure basal temperature

There are three types of thermometers for these purposes: electronic, mercury and infrared. The latter are least suitable for such measurements. You should be extremely careful with mercury ones, because when measuring early in the morning, being sleepy, you can break it. It is unacceptable to change the measuring device, otherwise errors will not be avoided. Do you want to use a regular thermometer or change it to a more advanced one? No problem, but choose a device for a long time.

How to measure basal temperature with a mercury thermometer

Accurate data can be achieved using a mercury thermometer, but even in this case it is possible to measure incorrectly. The thermometer may be inserted incorrectly or removed too quickly. Given the dangers of mercury, this type of thermometer is used less frequently. How to measure basal temperature with a regular thermometer:

the tip of the thermometer can be lubricated with regular oil (vegetable oil) or Vaseline;
then smoothly insert the device into the anus;
wait 5 minutes, lying with your eyes closed in a state close to sleep.

How to measure basal temperature to determine ovulation with a digital thermometer

Electronic devices are easy to use, but have a bad reputation because they are considered to not measure accurately enough. To achieve desired result you should follow the instructions: so, when using the oral method, close your mouth as tightly as possible so that the thermometer does not show a value less than it actually is. As a rule, the end of the measurement is indicated by beep.

The greatest advantage of such devices (and the reason for doctors’ recommendations) is their safety:

If you drop it while you are sleepy or if it breaks in your hands, it will not cause you any harm.
The flexible tip makes the instruments easy to use, waterproof and faster to measure.

How long should you take your temperature?

Regardless of the method you choose, the time for this process will remain the same. How to measure basal temperature correctly? It's simple:

The thermometer lasts for 5-7 minutes. All this time you should remain motionless.
The thermometer itself must be prepared in advance and placed near the bed so that in the morning you do not make any unnecessary movements that could affect the data.
The time when the temperature will be measured must be observed with an accuracy of a quarter of an hour.

Basal temperature (BT) is the most low temperature human body, measured at rest. Determining the level of basal temperature allows you to predict the onset of ovulation and determine pregnancy at its earliest stages. The technique is also included in the scheme of natural regulation of conception and is used to identify various gynecological diseases.

Measurement Rules

When determining basal temperature, you must adhere to certain rules, otherwise the data obtained may be misinterpreted:

BT is determined only in the rectum. Measuring temperature in the armpit or mouth does not give reliable results.
Measurements are taken in the morning, without getting out of bed, before any physical activity. For convenience, keep a thermometer handy.
Before starting the study, you must have at least 4 hours of restful, uninterrupted sleep.
BT measurement is carried out electronic thermometer- the same thing. Can be used mercury thermometer, but with great caution.
The study should take place at approximately the same time of day. Deviations of 30-60 minutes in any direction are allowed.
The research time is at least 5 minutes.
There is no break during menstruation.

The obtained data is entered into a table daily. In the future, based on the identified results, it will be possible to draw certain conclusions. To assess the menstrual cycle and identify gynecological pathology, it is recommended to measure basal temperature for at least 3 months in a row. It is advisable to start the study on the first day of the menstrual cycle (i.e., the first day of menstruation).

Is it possible to measure basal temperature during the day? Yes, after 4 hours of sleep. Unfortunately, such results are often unreliable, so relying on them is not recommended. If a woman works a night shift, she can conduct research during the day, provided that this is her usual, practically unchanged work and rest schedule for many months.

Indications for measuring basal temperature

The study is carried out in the following situations:

Menstrual irregularities (if hormone imbalance is suspected).
Diagnosis of pregnancy in the early stages.
Determining the time of ovulation.
As part of the MRP (fertility recognition method as a natural method of contraception).
Assessment of hormonal levels for some gynecological diseases(including in case of infertility).

In most cases, measuring basal temperature is prescribed when planning pregnancy and identifying the causes of infertility. This examination will also be useful when searching for factors leading to menstrual irregularities (delayed menstruation, lengthening or shortening of the cycle, etc.).

Basal temperature measurement is not carried out in the following situations:

If a woman does not have the opportunity to measure her temperature at approximately the same time (special work schedule, etc.).
In the presence of acute inflammatory processes or exacerbation chronic pathology leading to an increase in overall body temperature.

IN the latter case the research will be uninformative. It is recommended to wait for recovery and only then return to measuring basal temperature.

Important aspects

There are factors that influence the level of basal temperature:

bad dream ( frequent awakenings, need to get up in bed at night);
stress;
diseases digestive tract(including diarrhea);
ARVI (even without fever in the armpit);
drinking alcohol;
intimacy;
long flights;
change of time zones, climate;
reception medicines(including hormonal, sedatives, sleeping pills).

All of these factors should be noted in the table and taken into account when interpreting the results.

Basal temperature and menstrual cycle

Determining basal temperature plays a big role in assessing a woman’s menstrual cycle. Let's consider the change in parameters using the example of a normal 28-day female cycle.

The first (follicular) phase of the menstrual cycle lasts from days 1 to 14 and is influenced by estrogen. At this time, the follicles mature and the dominant one is released among them. The BT level during this period remains between 36.1 and 36.7 °C.

Ovulation in a 28-day cycle occurs on days 13-14. The maturation and release of the egg coincides with the peak level of LH (luteinizing hormone). The day before ovulation, basal temperature drops by 0.5 °C. Immediately at the moment of ovulation, BT rises again, reaches 37.0 - 37.4 ° C and remains at this level throughout the second phase of the cycle.

The second (luteal) phase occurs under the influence of progesterone. The endometrium grows, preparing for possible implantation ovum. If fertilization does not occur, a corpus luteum forms at the site of the burst follicle. From days 14 to 28 of the cycle, the basal temperature remains above 37.0 °C. A decrease in indicators occurs only before menstruation, 24-48 hours. During monthly bleeding, BT remains low (from 36.1 to 36.7 °C).

Basal temperature and pregnancy

If a child is conceived, the basal temperature remains high throughout the first trimester. It stays at 37.0 - 37.4 °C, and only after 14 weeks begins to gradually decrease. In II and III trimesters basal temperature is fixed within 36.4-36.7 °C.

An increase in basal temperature during pregnancy indicates the following conditions:

inflammatory process in the appendages and uterus, pelvic organs, intestines;
general infectious process.

Low basal temperature occurs in the following situations:

threat of miscarriage;
incipient miscarriage;
regressing pregnancy.

In all these situations, there is a decrease in progesterone levels, which determines the change in basal temperature. Any deviations from the norm should be reported to your doctor.

Decoding the results

At correct measurement Based on basal temperature, a woman can find answers to the most important questions:

Is the menstrual cycle normal and are there any abnormalities?
Are follicles maturing and should ovulation be expected?
Was there ovulation in this cycle, and on what day did it occur?
Has the child been conceived or should the onset of menstruation be expected (you can determine its arrival 24-48 hours before the start of bleeding).

Deviations from the normal schedule make it possible to suspect endocrine pathology, suggest the causes of infertility and timely identify some complications that arise in the early stages of pregnancy.

Normal indicators

To assess the menstrual cycle, it is necessary to chart your basal temperature for at least three consecutive months. The graph is lined up on a sheet of paper in a box. A coordinate axis is drawn, where the basal temperature indicators will be vertically, and the days of the cycle will be horizontally. Each day of the cycle will have its own mark on the chart - the level of basal temperature. Below, under each day of the menstrual cycle, factors that could affect the temperature (stress, sexual intercourse, illness, etc.) must be indicated.

Normal indicators of the menstrual cycle:

The total length of the cycle is 21-35 days (from the first day of one menstruation to the first day of the next).
The duration of the second phase of the cycle is always 12-14 days.
The duration of the first phase of the cycle may vary. Its minimum duration is 7 days.

Normal basal temperature values are presented in the table:

Temperature curve options

There are several types of graphs when measuring BT:

Type I

Features:

There is a stable increase in BT in the second phase of the cycle by at least 0.4 °C.
There is a preovulatory and premenstrual decrease in BT.

This schedule corresponds to a normal two-phase menstrual cycle (it was discussed in detail above).

Type II

Features:

Happening slight increase BT in the second phase of the cycle: no more than 0.2-0.3 °C.
The duration of the second phase is 12-14 days.
There is a slight preovulatory and premenstrual decrease in BT.

Such a schedule indicates estrogen-progesterone deficiency and requires mandatory examination at the doctor's. It is necessary to evaluate the level of major hormones in each phase of the cycle and find out the reason for such changes. Similar condition often threatens with infertility.

III type

Features:

There is an increase in BT in the second phase of the cycle shortly before the onset of menstruation by 0.4 °C.
The second phase lasts less than 10 days.
There is no premenstrual decrease in BT.

This graph indicates insufficiency of the second phase of the cycle (luteal insufficiency) and indicates low level progesterone (absolute or relative at high concentration estrogen).

Possible causes of second phase failure:

Ovarian pathology: resistant or exhausted ovarian syndrome, ovarian hyperinhibition syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, etc.
Thyroid diseases.
Pathology of the pituitary gland: hyperprolactinemia, pituitary hypogonadism.
Organic diseases of the genital organs: endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia, uterine fibroids, polyps, tumors.
Inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages: endometritis, salpingoophoritis.
Pathology of other organs: hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, etc.
Condition after abortion, curettage of the uterine cavity for other reasons.
A sharp decrease in body weight ( long fasting, diets, diseases of the digestive tract).
Severe stress.
Abrupt changes in climate and time zones.
Excessive physical activity.
Taking narcotic drugs.

Insufficiency of the luteal phase threatens infertility or miscarriage. To correct this condition, it is necessary to find out the cause of the failure. Performed according to indications hormone therapy. During pregnancy, progesterone supplementation is necessary.

IV type

A monotonic curve is noted on the graph: BT remains within 36.1 - 36.7 °C throughout the entire cycle. There is no ovulation. This cycle is considered anovulatory.

The anovulatory cycle is a variant of the norm. It is believed that every healthy woman can have 1-2 cycles per year without ovulation. With age, the number of anovulatory cycles increases. During puberty and the onset of menopause, most cycles pass without ovulation. Conceiving a child this month is impossible.

Frequent anovulatory cycles in women reproductive age– this is a pathology. The reason may be various endocrine diseases, ovarian pathology, etc. For an accurate diagnosis and development of a treatment regimen, it is necessary full examination from a gynecologist-endocrinologist.

V type

A chaotic temperature curve is observed. The range of indicators does not fit into any of the known options and does not lend itself to any logic. A similar schedule occurs with estrogen deficiency. The onset of pregnancy with estrogen deficiency is a big question.

A single chaotic schedule should not frighten a woman. Such a malfunction can occur under stress, climate change, or exacerbation of various extragenital diseases. If the schedule subsequently returns to normal, treatment is not required. A chaotic temperature curve for two or more months requires mandatory examination by a specialist.

Measuring basal temperature is easy and available method assessment of the state of the female reproductive sphere. Regular scheduling allows you to predict the onset of ovulation and menstruation, detect pregnancy in the early stages and identify menstrual irregularities. Determining the level of basal temperature is practiced in the diagnosis of endocrine infertility and other gynecological diseases.