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How to easily prevent gynecological problems and maintain women's health? Gynecological health of women Portal about women's health.

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The information published on the site is for informational purposes only. Described diagnostic methods, treatments, traditional medicine recipes, etc. It is not recommended to use it yourself. Be sure to consult a specialist so as not to harm your health!

Health is the basis of a full life, and our task is to protect it from birth to old age!

But medicine knows hundreds of thousands of diseases, which only a well-informed person can recognize. The portal site was created precisely to talk about the symptoms and causes of diseases, methods of their treatment and prevention, as well as effective and affordable medicines.

Likar.info has information for everyone interested in health issues. In the Diseases and Treatment section you will find a lot of articles on health, the list of which is constantly updated. To keep you up to date, we publish daily latest news from the world of medicine. The References section will help you learn everything about medications, tests and medical institutions Ukraine. You can get an online consultation from an experienced doctor or make an appointment using the Consultations section. On the forum you can discuss exciting topics, and the BMI calculator, calorie standards and the threat of obesity will help you always keep yourself in shape.

Breast tumor is a disease that occurs in every 10 women aged 13 to 80 years. If you find a lump in your chest, you must immediately consult a doctor and take a necessary tests, undergo an examination and determine what type of tumor.

Breast tumors can be benign And malignant .

Benign tumors- fibroadenomas, lipomas, angiomas - depending on the stage of development, can be treated without surgical intervention. A large tumor is removed surgically, since it can transform into malignant. Benign tumor is located separately and does not significantly affect the structure and function of the mammary gland.

Fibroadenoma occurs most often in women aged 20 to 35 years. It is a lump in the mammary gland ranging in size from a pea to a cherry. Sometimes there are two or three tumors in one mammary gland, or in both mammary glands. This seal is attached to the breast tissue and is not fused to the skin.

Few people know that thyroid gland , and in common parlance - the thyroid gland, is the “queen” among all female organs endocrine system. The hormones produced by the thyroid gland are actively involved in the processes of metabolism and cell growth in the body, accelerating activity cardiovascular system, increases the use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates.

The thyroid gland is located in the anterior part of the neck under the larynx and has the shape of a butterfly, and upper lobes hers are high and narrow, and her lower ones, on the contrary, are short and wide. The size of the gland is individual for each woman and it can change due to the menstrual cycle.

Behind thyroid gland There are four small glands that produce a hormone that regulates the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body. Damage or removal of these glands leads to a decrease in calcium and bones become thin and brittle.

Usually occurs during adolescence in girls aged 14-17 years. At the next school medical examination, all the girls from the class are sent to visit this “scary” office. Virgin girls are terrified by the mere sight of a gynecological chair. And what can we say about the fact that a stranger will look at the most intimate and secret things...

IN real life The first visit to the gynecologist should not cause discomfort psychological or physical. Treat your visit to the doctor as a regular consultation. We advise mothers to go to the first visit to the gynecologist with their daughter. Explain to her that you need to completely trust the doctor and not be afraid of him.

What should a girl do before visiting a gynecologist?

From childhood, every girl’s mother teaches her to take care of herself and instills skills intimate hygiene so that they become a habit for the baby. IN adolescence It is doubly necessary to pay attention to intimate hygiene. During this period, girls experience puberty, due to the active growth of hormones, white discharge may appear. Intimate hygiene is especially important during menstruation.

First rule- regular intimate shower. Women need to wash their genitals at least 2 times a day. If possible, it is best to do this after each visit to the ladies' room. If you are on the road and there is no opportunity to take a full shower, stock up on special wet wipes for intimate hygiene at the pharmacy. Pay attention to the fact that they must be alcohol-free, otherwise you will be guaranteed a burn to the labia minora and mucous membrane.

A delicate fragile plant with amazing healing properties. It is widely used in both traditional and folk medicine, cosmetology. Even in ancient times, chamomile was used to treat many female diseases.

Chamomile flowers are collected in late spring or early summer at the beginning of flowering, dry on clean paper in a dry, dark place. Dried flowers can be used throughout the year, and next year It's better to collect new ones. Dry chamomile should be stored in a glass or paper container away from direct light.

Not every woman can boast of a dazzling, sparkling wide smile. Over the years, the enamel on the teeth becomes dull, turns yellow, and the gums become soft. Due to improper care and even nutrition, caries, gumboil, stomatitis, and pulpitis develop. It is increasingly necessary to cover your mouth with your hand when talking due to unpleasant odor. This leads to depressing feelings of awkwardness, anxiety and shame.

Changing the situation for the better is in your hands!

Bad breath occurs on the basis of the breakdown of proteins that remain in the oral cavity after eating. But this is not the only reason. If bad breath occurs, it is necessary to carefully examine the oral cavity for the presence of unfilled holes formed due to caries; layering of tartar; inflammation of the mucous membrane.

Visiting a beauty salon once again, we relax and leave our body in the hands of professionals and don’t even think about the fact that some professionals are negligent in their activities, sometimes ignoring the disinfection of their workplace. And then we wonder where we got herpes or fungus from.

Think about who will take care of your health better than you.

When going to the salon, take necessary measures precautions, not paying attention to the surprised looks of the masters.

To do this, you need to find out what and in which office threatens your health.

You have an important meeting coming up, but you feel that you are not ready for it, you worry, worry and don’t sleep at night, turning everything over in your head. bad situations that can happen at the most inopportune moment? It's safe to say that your nervous system was stressed. Usually, it is accompanied by a rapid heartbeat, a surge of adrenaline and crazy excitement. Such symptoms do not go unnoticed for our well-being and appearance- kidney and stomach function worsens, heart and eye pressure increases, the risk of heart attack and stroke increases, complexion deteriorates, eyes lose their shine, hair becomes dull and lifeless. As a result, you come to the meeting with shaking hands, sweaty palms and with minimal confidence in their abilities and their charm. Do you think everything will go well under these circumstances? Hardly.

To prevent this from happening, “gather your frayed nerves into a fist” and try to calm them down. And for this, I offer you a few simple, but effective advice:

Everyone knows that Monday is not an easy day.

It is this first day of the week that surpasses all other days in terms of the number of work-related injuries, accidents, stress, nervous disorders, layoffs and other unpleasant moments.

To avoid this and not create stressful situations and, in the end, not to be afraid of the onset of Monday, you need to change your lifestyle and work on the mistakes that make this day almost unbearable.

What are these errors and how to fix them?

Sometimes young nursing mothers experience unpleasant pain in their breasts. painful sensations, it becomes heavy and hard, like a stone. These are the first signs of a disease such as mastitis.

Mastitis is acute inflammation mammary gland of a nursing mother. Mastitis occurs when microbes penetrate the gland, most often through cracks in the nipples or areola. Previously, when mastitis occurs, it was recommended to stop natural feeding, take drugs that suppress lactation, and express milk, thereby doing breast massage. But on early stages This is not physiological for both mother and child. In addition, pumping can cause additional trauma to the breast.

My feet got wet, I felt cold - I sneezed, coughed, had a runny nose, and had a headache. Colds are one of the most common ailments. But each of us can train ourselves not to be afraid of a cold. Hardening will help us with this.
Like all laws of health promotion, hardening also implies a number of rules.

Rule one is gradualism. We will choose water as a hardening agent. You should start with a temperature of 32 degrees. For the first two days, take a shower at this temperature. On the first day, it is enough to stay in the shower for 1-2 minutes, the next day - 3-4. Then the temperature must be reduced by one degree. This decrease is almost not felt. After two days, lower the temperature again by one degree, and so on to 18 degrees.

You need to shower daily. And here the second rule comes into force - systematicity. You can't miss a single day. And if you missed it, then return to the previous temperature. You can start hardening at any time of the year, but it is best in the summer or early September.

Typically, a healthy female body copes with the demands that the body puts on it during pregnancy. For some women, pregnancy is accompanied by various disorders, which sometimes become threatening and require special treatment.

Toxicosis - this is a complex pathological changes in the body of a pregnant woman, which most often appear in the first half of pregnancy for up to 13-16 weeks. The fetus, developing in the womb, can have negative influence to it either due to the fact that the mother’s body does not cope well with removing waste products of the fetus, or from an increased reaction of the pregnant woman’s body.

Often, toxicosis in pregnant women is accompanied by such unpleasant and painful symptoms for the expectant mother as nausea, vomiting, salivation, and swelling. TO early toxicosis pregnancy include: drooling, itchy skin, frequent vomiting. By late: edema and eclampsia.

Many young girls dream of having their breasts a couple sizes larger, and older women dream of having their breasts look toned, full and youthful. Often, they decide to take a rather desperate step - plastic surgery.

Mammoplasty - surgery to enlarge, reduce or correct the mammary glands.

Breast augmentation with implants is performed under general anesthesia. The implant is installed in various ways: under pectoral muscle and above it between the muscle and breast tissue. The location of the incisions and surgical sutures. Incisions are made in the fold under the mammary gland, around the nipple or in the armpit.

Plants bloom, flowers become fruit, and new plants produce fruit. Children grow into men and women, and new babies are born. But there are a number of subjective and objective reasons, according to which new life interrupted like a plucked flower...

Abortion is the termination of pregnancy during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. There are two types of abortions: induced and spontaneous. Spontaneous abortion occurs without intervention and against the woman's wishes.

Induced abortion is the deliberate termination of pregnancy. It is done at the request of the woman due to her personal, family reasons. And sometimes abortion is performed according to medical indications when there is a threat to the life and health of the mother. An ectopic pregnancy is also one of the indicators for termination of pregnancy.

- this is very important period in the life of every woman. It is transitional from mature age to the elderly. It usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 54 years. Of course, it would be hard to call a woman at this age elderly. Sometimes it is during this period of life that a woman looks better than at 20-25 years old, her personality is already fully formed, most of the bars are in public life taken, strong family, children.

Menopause is accompanied by a number of varied and unstable symptoms: mild excitability or, conversely, a state of some depression, weakening of memory, causeless anxiety, headaches, sleep disturbances, and lack of appetite.

Often observed various disorders from the cardiovascular system, characterized by a rush of blood to the head, accompanied by redness of the face, intense fever, which then turns into chills, cold sweat, shortness of breath and tinnitus appear.

When labor is difficult, there is a danger to the baby's health. One way to help avoid serious consequences is an episiotomy. This is a mini-operation that prevents stretching of the pelvic floor and rupture of soft tissues during the birth of a large baby. Incisions are made for purely humane purposes, since mechanical ruptures of the perineum heal much worse than surgical incisions. In addition, an episiotomy avoids birth trauma to the child.

Dissection accelerates the prolonged appearance of the fetal head and thereby allows you to save the baby from oxygen starvation. The dissection is usually carried out without anesthesia, since the tissue of the perineum is so stretched that blood flow stops. Therefore, the woman in labor feels only minor pain. Sutures are placed under local anesthesia after the baby is born and the placenta is delivered.


They will also teach you to determine what is normal from a gynecological point of view, and what goes beyond it and requires treatment.

1. Please contact special attention for discharge. Actually, everyone has them, only in some they are always transparent, in others at some point they become yellowish and thicker. They are stable only in one case: when a woman takes oral contraceptives. It is very important to regularly monitor how the amount and consistency of discharge changes over time. menstrual cycle. This will help you notice certain deviations in time. Their unusual properties are a sign of some kind of infection, especially if there are other accompanying symptoms.

For example, white curdled discharge And severe itching usually indicate a fungal infection. Liquid, colorless, with a questionable odor that appears after sex may be a sign bacterial vaginosis- the most common sexually transmitted infection in women under 40 years of age. And unpleasant-smelling greenish and bubbling ones indicate the presence of trichomoniasis.

Women aged 15-25 years, leading sex life, it is recommended to get tested for chlamydia annually. If the result is positive, it is necessary to check for the presence of gonococci. These are the causative agents of gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease that usually accompanies chlamydia.


2. Don't ignore recurring symptoms. 75% of women experience it at least once fungal infection- candidiasis, or thrush. If you can determine it yourself, use special vaginal suppositories or creams. If you are not sure of the diagnosis or the disease does not go away after a course of treatment, consult a gynecologist

Having done tests to rule out others fungal diseases and infection, he will prescribe Diflucan. You can be completely cured by taking just 1 capsule of this medicine. True, it can negatively affect the liver, but it does not affect the effect of birth control pills at all.

The genital herpes virus “lives” in the body of almost 90% of people. However, it is activated only in 10-20% of infected people, most often with weakened immunity, a cold or stress. It can be infected not only during sex, but also when using personal hygiene items of a sick person.

3. Be aware of factors that contribute to the development of infection. Anything that affects the level of hormones and acid-base balance vaginas: diabetes, pregnancy, antibiotics, contraceptive pills. Keep antifungal medications at home and start taking them at the first sign of illness. By the way, antibiotics and oral contraceptives increase the likelihood of bacterial vaginosis, which is often confused with fungal infections and tried to be treated with the same means. If you notice its symptoms (for example, the smell of discharge), go to the doctor immediately.

Other factors can also provoke an infection. By douching, you flush out of the vagina beneficial bacteria regulating the number of pathogens, which often leads to vaginosis. Shower gel or perfumed powders that you use for intimate hygiene disrupt the natural protective flora of the vagina.

These products may cause allergic reaction, the so-called nonspecific vaginitis. Therefore, if you suspect that the aromatic bath salts you were given as a gift are causing irritation to the vaginal mucosa, throw it away without regret.

4. Never neglect safe sex. You should not let your guard down, even if you are completely confident in your partner.

Remember that the best remedy protection against sexually transmitted diseases is a condom. True, he won’t give you a 100% guarantee either. Therefore, if you notice any suspicious symptoms, consult a doctor immediately.

Hepatitis B is the only sexually transmitted disease for which a vaccine has been developed. Preventive vaccination is done in three stages. It must be repeated every 10-12 years.

5. Get regular medical checkups. Many women are sure: negative result traditional Pap smear test when examined automatically means that they do not have venereal diseases. And they are deeply mistaken. He only talks about the absence cancer cells and papilloma virus.

That is why, even if nothing worries you, you need to visit a gynecologist twice a year and do all the tests. Especially when a new sexual partner appears - this increases the risk of bacterial vaginosis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis.

Such diseases pass without severe symptoms and if neglected can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy or premature birth. In addition, they increase the likelihood of infection with the immunodeficiency virus: after all, if you have at least one gynecological infection, protective functions body levels are reduced and you are vulnerable to HIV.
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What is gynecology?

Gynecology (from the Greek gyne - woman, logos - science) is a branch of medicine that studies diseases of the female reproductive system; the science of anatomical, physiological, physical and mental characteristics woman’s body and its disorders.

Because in a woman's life big role play sexual functions - menstrual, childbearing, etc., gynecology in the narrow sense - the study of the physiology and pathology of the female genital organs, the prevention and treatment of diseases of the female genital area.

Gynecology studies various states(physiological and pathological) reproductive system V different periods woman's life. Its main task is to preserve and maintain health. After all, only healthy woman can carry and give birth healthy child without complications and problems both for your body and the health of the baby. In this regard, one should not underestimate this section of medicine and undergo the necessary examinations from doctors in a timely manner, because prevention and timely treatment women's diseases reproductive organs health depends female body and her reproductive function.

The most common gynecological problems

Modern gynecology is a complex, comprehensive discipline that guards women’s health throughout her life. This area of ​​medicine includes: pediatric gynecology, gynecological endocrinology, treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases. She is in charge of such serious and important problems as: issues of family planning, selection of suitable and optimal methods and means of contraception, monitoring and assistance to women who have entered the difficult period of menopause and menopause, treatment of urinary incontinence, monitoring pathological processes in the uterus, as well as gynecological oncology. Gynecology is constantly improving and evolving, many modern and effective methods diagnostics and treatment (hysteroscopy, laparoscopic, ultrasound, X-ray, laboratory tests), which make it possible to quickly identify most gynecological diseases in the early stages and carry out their effective and timely prevention and treatment.

Women's health is one of the most important factors ensuring the health of future generations.

The most common questions in gynecology are:

  • Contraception. Every woman who is not yet ready to become a mother should think about means of protecting herself from unwanted pregnancy in order to maintain her health and have healthy children in the future. An important factor in maintaining a woman’s health is individual selection methods and means of contraception that allow you to control the birth of offspring at the desired time, which, in turn, is the prevention of abortion. Modern gynecology offers women wide choice means and methods of contraception.
  • Uterine fibroids. The disease is most common in women 40-50 years old. The asymptomatic course of the disease can lead to severe growth of the node, when surgical intervention is necessary.
  • Prolapse of the uterus. Uterine prolapse most often occurs in women who have given birth many times when the ligaments and muscles that hold it in its natural position are injured. There is no need to be afraid of this problem, modern methods Treatment to get rid of this pathology is not very difficult.
  • Inflammation of the appendages. Inflammation of the uterine appendages (salpingoophoritis, adnexitis) - insidious disease. Sometimes, passing almost unnoticed and not posing a serious threat to a woman’s life, it affects the most vulnerable - the ability to have children. According to statistics, every fifth woman who undergoes it suffers from infertility.
  • Ovarian cyst. In most cases, this disease does not manifest itself in any way, but it can provoke infertility in certain forms and severity. An ovarian cyst is often discovered accidentally during an ultrasound examination.
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the hormonal disorders, which lead to infertility due to the fact that ovulation does not occur in a woman’s body in a specific phase of the cycle. To avoid infertility and other complications, you must regularly consult a gynecologist for scheduled inspection. Detection of the disease on early stage increases the chances of a quick cure and reduces the risk of infertility.
  • Adhesions in the pelvis. Adhesions in the pelvis represent the adhesion of the outer walls of organs and their gradual fusion. As a result of the adhesive process, organs become less mobile. In this regard, there may be a disruption in their functioning, stagnation of various biological fluids and inflammation. If pelvic adhesions are not diagnosed and treated in time, their area may expand and affect other organs. The most serious consequences the adhesive process becomes obstruction fallopian tubes, which leads to female infertility. In this case, their treatment is possible only with the help of surgery.
  • Endometritis. Endometritis is inflammation of the uterine mucosa. Often this disease appears after abortion, childbirth and other processes that facilitate the penetration of infection.
  • Endometriosis. Endometriosis is very frequent illness- it ranks third after inflammatory diseases female genital organs and uterine fibroids according to the frequency of diagnosis of these diseases. Endometriosis develops when there is a hormonal imbalance and a weakened immune system. However, the more specific reasons for its formation are very difficult to determine (the factors leading to its occurrence are not fully understood), therefore its treatment is not always effective.

Very often, a woman’s reproductive health depends on changes in her hormonal levels. Therefore, gynecology and endocrinology are in very close interaction. It is the endocrinologist who can analyze the woman’s examination data, identify the causes of menstrual dysfunction, problems reproductive health, prescribe adequate methods for correcting these changes. Let's look at the relationship between these areas of medicine in more detail in the article - "gynecological endocrinology ".

Very often, women have to deal with gynecological diseases such as:

  • Thrush. According to statistics, every third out of four women has suffered from such a common disease as thrush at least once in their life. This disease is quite easily treatable, but there is no need to self-medicate; you should contact a gynecologist who will take tests and, after making a diagnosis, select the appropriate medications for you.
  • Cystitis. This disease is at the intersection of two specialties - urology and gynecology. Cystitis is inflammatory processes V bladder, which in principle is urological problem, however, the reasons that in the vast majority of cases lead to its occurrence and development are disruption of the vaginal microflora - this is a gynecological problem. Therefore, gynecologists are often involved in solving this problem.
  • Vaginal dysbiosis. Female vagina is a habitat for many types of microorganisms, the most important of which are lactobacilli, which do not allow pathogenic microbes to multiply. But the equilibrium relationship between microorganisms can be disrupted, which can result in the development of a large number of pathologies of the vagina, uterus and bladder.

One of the most serious problems in gynecology is infertility. It is very important to correctly identify the causes of male or female infertility and carry out the correct treatment to help the family realize its most important function - childbearing. Experience of specialists and modern techniques Infertility treatment in most cases allows a married couple to successfully reproduce a healthy baby.

Very important and current problems hyencologists speak large number various sexually transmitted infections, the treatment and identification of which sometimes poses significant difficulties, and some of them are generally incurable modern stage developments in medicine and may even lead to fatal outcome. Let's look at the main venereal viruses, infections and diseases they cause:

  • Genital or genital herpes. Herpetic infections very common in our time (they affect from 90 to 98% of the population) and they are not curable at this stage of medical development. It is enough to become infected just once to periodically throughout your life - with a decrease in immunity and a weakening of the body - observe its unpleasant manifestations in the active phase.
  • Condylomas acuminata. Condylomas acuminata(or, as they are also called, genital warts) are papillary-shaped outgrowths of a flesh-colored or pink-red color on the skin and mucous membranes of the genitals. Most often they are located on the skin of the external genitalia, around anus, external opening urethra, on the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix. Special harm They do not carry cancer, but it is strongly recommended that they be removed not only for cosmetic reasons, but also to reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer and prevent infecting other people.
  • Chlamydia. Chlamydia is a whole group of similar infections and is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Probability of infection when unprotected contact is approximately 45-50%.

When is it necessary to contact a gynecologist?

Sometimes timely detection gynecological diseases promotes easier and faster healing, and also allows you to minimize the harm they cause to a woman’s health. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to visit a gynecologist for a preventive examination at least twice a year, and if any suspicious symptoms or discomfort occur, immediately contact a specialist. Alarm signal for a woman, symptoms such as: discharge from the genital tract, pain in the lower abdomen, itching and burning in the external genital area, etc. should be present.

It is very rare to find women who visit a gynecologist without fear. Typically, patients delay the visit until the moment when the disease becomes obvious, unpleasant discharge or even pain in the lower abdomen. In the most advanced cases The result of such a careless attitude towards one's health is infertility, and often cervical cancer. A gynecologist helps women avoid such serious consequences. If a woman visits a doctor regularly, then many troubles will pass her by.

An experienced specialist will advise a woman which contraceptives are most suitable for her, how to reduce unpleasant pain during menstruation, prescribe therapy for menopause and help cope with most sexually transmitted infections, pathologies and much more.