Business plan for the production of paving slabs. Stages of starting a business

So, you have decided to start a business, where to start?

First, we need to decide what and for whom we will produce, as well as have an idea about the subject of our business.

The demand for paving slabs has always been great. Our consumers will be all segments of small and medium-sized businesses, tenants and owners of shops, enterprises, as well as owners of private houses and summer cottages.

However, today the main application paving slabs is masonry and road construction. Tile remains the most popular rectangular shape in the form of a brick. Easy to use and lay, both paths and parking areas.

Paving slabs in the shape of squares are ideal for creating walkways, paths, sidewalks, decorating steps and porches.
The success of the business depends on a good knowledge of your product, all stages of production, and main advantages.

We list the main ones:
1. The tile has a beautiful appearance and unique design.
2. Long validity period up to 30 years.
3. Made from environmentally friendly raw materials without harmful impurities
4. High strength, raw materials are resistant to moisture and temperature changes

Business organization.

The first step is to register your business as an entrepreneur and familiarize yourself with the taxation system. IN in this case taxes will be 6% of revenue or 15% of profit. Registering a business is quite simple, since paving slabs are not certified. However, if you wish, you can order a special certificate from the certification service and receive a tile quality certificate. The cost of testing ranges from 3 to 10 thousand rubles in various laboratories.
So, we receive a business registration certificate and register with the tax authorities. It is important that an individual entrepreneur is a private person and has no relation to legal entities. This gives us the advantage of limiting ourselves to collecting only 4 documents:

1) Copy of passport
2) Copy of TIN
3) Receipt for payment of state duty
4) Application for registration of activities.
Registration fee individual entrepreneur is 800 rubles. state duties and by law takes only 5 working days.

Room.

When choosing a room, you must be guided by the footage, at least 80 m2. It is important to have communications, electricity for equipment operation and water supply. In the warm season, you can save money and not rent storage space, but in winter you will have to ensure optimal temperature conditions and equip it with a drying chamber maintaining 35-45 degrees. Rent will be 20-25 thousand rubles per month.

Staff.

For a production volume of more than 1000 m2, it is enough to hire two or three workers. No education is required for this job. Workers mix cement according to one recipe, pour it into molds and dry it. Salary from 10 to 20 thousand rubles. per month.

Equipment and production technology.

Sufficient technologies and equipment have been developed for the production of paving slabs, both manual and automatic. The choice is quite large. The cheapest method for producing paving slabs is vibration casting.

Main equipment:
- vibrating table
- casting molds
- concrete mixer

Production technology.

1. Prepare the concrete mixture in a concrete mixer
2. Laying this mixture into molds on a vibrating table
3. Leave the mixture in the molds for up to 48 hours and cover with PVC film
4. Heat the finished products to 60-70 degrees for about 2 minutes and remove the tiles from the molds on the table.

Raw materials for tile production.

Cement
- sand
- granite crushed stone
- plasticizer S-3
- pigment
- air-entraining additive START

Marketing.

In any business or starting your own business, you can’t do without marketing research. The profitability of the business, the amount of invested funds depend on this, and the risks of ruin are eliminated.
You can conduct market research yourself, or involve a specialist.

Produce comparative analysis easy by studying supply and demand (production volumes) in the region of your residence. Identify the main complaints and wishes of customers, think about what can be improved.

Advertising is the main driver of good sales in the market. The main task is to find loyal customers.
Types of advertising:
- posting advertisements
- advertising via the Internet by posting advertisements on advertising boards
- creating your own website with a product catalog
- group in social networks
- distribution of leaflets
- advertisements in newspapers, on television

Sales of products.

In order to maximize market coverage and obtain sufficient quantity orders, it is necessary to provide a good selection of quality products of various shapes and colors according to affordable prices. We need to focus on the common population and help in decorating the territories of private houses.

Financial plan.

The result of our activities will be financial plan, final approximate cost calculations and a summary of the required indicators.

Main parameters:
- room area - 90m2
- rent - 25 thousand rubles. per month
- 1 shift
- productivity - 50 m2 of tiles (1100 m2 per month)
- 22 working days per month.

Equipment costs:
- vibrating table - 1 pc. - 20 thousand rubles.
- molds for tiles - 180 pcs. - 270 thousand rubles.
- concrete mixer (250 l.) - 15 thousand rubles.
- racks - 50 pcs. - 27 thousand 500 rub.
- floor scales - 1 pc. - 11 thousand rubles.
- other equipment - 15 thousand rubles. Total: 358 thousand 500 rubles.

Material costs:
- cement - 16 kg - 78.4 rubles;
- granite crushed stone - 54 kg - 54 rubles;
- plasticizer - 0.3 kg - 11.4 rubles;
- water - 9 liters - 1.26 rubles;
- pigment - 0.3 kg. - 24.3 rub.

Total: 169.36 rub. for the production of 1 m2 of paving slabs.

Employee salaries:

Moulder - 12 thousand rubles;
- molder - 12 thousand rubles;
- accountant - 8 thousand rubles;

Total: 32 thousand rubles. per month.

Total production costs per month, per shift and per 1 m2 of paving slabs:
- raw materials - 186,296 rubles. per month - 8468 rub. per shift - 169.4 rub. per 1m2;
- salary - 32,000 rubles. per month - 1454.5 rub. per shift - 29.1 rub. per 1 m2
- insurance deductions - 9600 rub. per month - 436.4 rub. per shift - 8.7 rub. per 1 m2
- rent - 25,000 rub. per month - 1136.4 rub. per shift - 22.7 rub. per 1 m2
- electricity - 1140 rub. per month - 51.8 rub. per shift - 1.03 rub. per 1 m2
- advertising - 8000 rub. per month - 363.6 rub. per shift - 7.3 rub. per 1 m2
- transportation costs - 6000 rub. per month - 272.7 rub. per shift - 5.5 rub. per 1 m2
- other expenses - 10,000 rubles. per month - 454.5 rub. per shift - 9.1 rub. per 1 m2

Total: 278036 rub. per month - 12639 rub. per shift - 252.8 rub. per 1 m2.

The cost of 1 m2 of paving slabs is 252.8 rubles. All expenses per month will be 278,036 rubles.

Let's calculate the payback of the enterprise, as well as profit:

Cost of 1 m2 - 252.8 rubles;
Sales price for 1 m2 - 400 rubles;
Profit from 1 m2 before taxation - 147.2 rubles;
Profit per month before tax - 161,929 rubles;
Tax simplified tax system - 15% of profit - 24,288 rubles;
Net profit per month - 137,632 rubles;
Net profit per 1 m2 - 125.12 rubles;
Production profitability% - 49.5%;
The payback period for the equipment is 2.6 months.

Conclusion: The profit of our paving slab manufacturing business will be 137.6 thousand rubles per month. Production profitability is 49.5%, and payback is 2.6 months. Such indicators can only be achieved by selling all products.

Payback (profit from sales).

The quality and cost of paving slabs are directly related. The price of a product depends on many factors, such as strength, color, development technology. Tile poor quality will not last even 5 years, requiring replacement, but a good one will last up to 30 years.

In any business there is competition and tile production is no exception. To withstand the onslaught and remain a leader in the market, timely modernization of production is required, the purchase of new modern equipment such as forklifts, conveyor-type installations to increase production volumes through technological solutions, and not additional recruitment of labor.

The return on business for the production of paving slabs is 100-130% and this is quite good figure. This business has quite a lot of advantages - good profits, easy technological process.

However, it is necessary to take into account disadvantages, such as monotony and monotony of work, some seasonality in customer requests. But if you show your creativity and unexpected design solutions in the process, beautiful drawings on the tiles - the pleasure of doing what you love is guaranteed.

Paving slabs are today almost the most popular building material. With its help it is created beautiful view on the streets, in courtyards, parks and squares, and it looks better than asphalt, even the highest quality.

Many businessmen who know a lot about production and sales are increasingly choosing it for their products.

There are quite a lot of advantages in this business, but there are also disadvantages:

• Firstly, tiles are increasingly being purchased for beautiful design cities and private houses. Customers often don't look at high cost paving stones, so the prospects for its production are quite clear. But you need to remember that many people want to make money, so the competition here is high.
• Secondly, registering such a business is as easy as shelling pears. There is no need for documents stating that this product has special certificates, and the owner of the future production in this case only needs. He may not even have a complete understanding of production technology and the construction industry in general. If a manufacturer wants to present documents about the quality of the product to its customers in the future, then a special certification service will help him with this by conducting special study. There they will check all the properties of the product and enter them into the quality passport.
• Thirdly, the production facility can be located anywhere, and when purchasing high-quality imported equipment and with a small footprint, the staff can consist of only three people.

Anyone can produce tiles simple process its manufacture. You just have to know that workers will be doing boring and monotonous work. With all this, this business, when built correctly, is characterized by high profitability and quick payback, although orders may arrive seasonally.

Types of material

You can find only two types of coating on the market:

• Vibrocast tiles can be bought everywhere due to the ease of its manufacture. You need to choose it for laying in those places where the paths are expected to bear a small load.
• Vibro-pressed and hydro-pressed tiles It is laid where there is expected to be heavy traffic with a large impact on it.

Paving stones also differ in the material from which they were made:

• Most often it is made made of concrete as from the very cheap substance, and this material is the only one for the production of vibrocast tiles.
• Clay- This is another raw material for the production of vibro- and hydro-pressed paving stones. It will cost more, but the quality will be higher, comparable to roofing tiles.
• The most expensive type of high-strength paving slabs is produced from various natural stones , such as granite.

Required premises and equipment

Special equipment for the vibrocompression process will cost about 30 thousand dollars and include brick press, concrete mixer and punch. Equipment for vibration casting is much cheaper. Vibrating table, forms and concrete mixer will cost its owner about 5 thousand dollars.

After choosing the production method, you need to find a suitable room with an area of from 70 sq.m. The higher the expected production volumes, the larger it should be. The room can be located anywhere, it all depends on the choice of the owner. It is worth choosing an industrial zone with convenient access routes. Warehouses with production areas will be the best option. Saving on the delivery of necessary raw materials is not only possible, but also necessary. This is feasible if the future workshop is located near cheap raw material bases.

The main thing is the characteristics of the room. The electrical voltage in it must be at least 360 V. It’s great if it is always heated. It is necessary to have a sewerage system with cold and hot water.

You also need to remember about a constant temperature of 35 to 45 degrees Celsius in the chamber for drying finished products and in the warehouse. There should be a warm floor, and such conditions should be maintained year-round.

Necessary raw materials and their purchase

Concrete mixture is the starting material for the production of paving slabs. It consists of cement, which is its main component, crushed stone (granite screenings) with a fraction of 5 to 10 mm and construction sand with a grain size of up to 5 mm.

Additional components that may be present in the mixture are a plasticizer, various additives to increase its strength, resistance to cold and water resistance, and coloring pigments. With their help, tiles of small architectural forms are painted: paving stones, artificial stone, paving options.

All products should be produced only from high-quality raw materials and the production technology should be followed as accurately as possible.

All purchases should ideally be made from the same manufacturer, especially with a large order for all types of materials. If you replace trademark or any component for production, then not only the color of the product may change, but even important characteristics. This is fraught with various problems with customers and large losses.

Types of production technologies

Paving slabs are made in three ways:

• Vibration pressing. With its help, not only paving stones are made, but also stones for walls and partitions, as well as borders. The technology of such production consists of three stages and includes:
  • preparing concrete in a concrete mixer;
  • molding using vibrators and a punch. The material located on a special pallet is compacted in a few seconds due to the impact of vibration pulses. Later, the matrix and punch are removed, leaving almost finished paving stones on the pallet;
  • drying The pallet with the products must dry either under the influence of ordinary water vapor, or simply indoors. Ready-made concrete gains the required strength within 5-8 hours.
• Hyperpressing similar to vibration compaction, only here instead of vibration, strong pressure under a hydraulic press is used to compact the mixture. In this way, you can make a lot of tiles without requiring the presence of large quantity people due to complete automation. The absence of the human factor reduces costs and also has a positive effect on product quality.
• Vibrocasting- This is the third method of production. During the process, you need to prepare a concrete mixture and place it in special forms located on the vibrating table. These molds are placed on pallets and left for 48 hours directly in the production room. Then the finished tile is heated to 60-70 degrees for 2 minutes and carefully knocked out of the molds on a vibrating table. Of course, with this production method, especially when using cheap equipment in combination with manual labor, there will be much more chips and cracks than with vibropressing. It is worth considering in advance the use of low-quality paving slabs in other sectors of construction.

You can learn more about the product manufacturing process in the following video:

Product sales channels

Advertising is the engine of progress! It all starts with her, especially in this type of business. You can resort to its traditional methods: advertising on television (preferably on popular channels, although this will be a little expensive), in magazines and newspapers on construction topics, on the Internet, on billboards, in transport and other crowded places.

It is also worth contacting the heads of construction companies directly and offering them your cooperation. This will help establish sales channels and recoup the costs of starting a business in the first half of the year. The main thing is not to sit still, actively promote and advertise your product, talking about its advantages.

Total costs

Starting a business is always fraught with waste of money. The production of tiles can be done in a relatively small amount:

• Certification of compliance with high quality standards - from 100 to 300 dollars. It is not necessary to go through it, but it is worth doing to maintain the prestige of your product.
• The rental cost for industrial premises, depending on their location, condition and area, ranges from $500 to $1,000 per month.
• The cost of the selected equipment is from 3,000 to 30,000 dollars.
• Salary to employees per month is from 1000 to 2000 dollars.

The total starting capital will be from 4500 to 33 300 dollars.

Profit calculation

When calculating income from the sale of tiles, it is worth considering:

• volume of its sales per month (in sq. m.) * cost of 1 sq. m. m.;
• minus cost (expenses for production of goods);
• minus turnover tax (it is 6%).

So, making paving slabs is a fairly profitable project. With the right consistent actions and high-quality technological process the payback in six months to a year will be 100-120%. Everything mainly depends on the size of production and established distribution channels.

Concrete tiles are a beautiful, convenient and durable material, and therefore it is not surprising that it is in demand. IN lately it is successfully replacing asphalt pavement - both in urban landscaping and in private construction. Demand clearly exceeds supply - city courtyards, sidewalks, squares, park alleys and summer cottages require high-quality and practical coating.

Of course, city administrations, as a rule, cooperate with large manufacturers who have been seriously established in this market for a long time. But the little ones construction companies and private owners most often order paving stones from small enterprises. The business of producing paving slabs is the very niche that you can still occupy and feel comfortable with, despite considerable competition. In addition, such entrepreneurship does not require high start-up investments, but pays off quite quickly, even with small volumes.

Will paving stone production be profitable?

To correctly and accurately answer this question, you should study the supply and demand on the paving market in your locality:

• In what quantity and at what price do competitors offer paving slabs? additional services they provide.
• Do you have many potential clients: dacha cooperatives, repair and construction teams, etc.
• Who will supply the raw materials: if there are no granite and sand quarries nearby, it will have to be purchased in other regions, and this will inevitably increase the cost of production.

If you have determined that market saturation is relatively low and allows a new player to count on a sufficient number of orders, you can begin to open a business. To begin with, it is better to give preference to small production: if large orders appear, you can purchase additional equipment and “expand.”

Enterprise registration

Fortunately, no license or certificates are required to produce paving slabs. To get started, just register as an individual entrepreneur. If you want to confirm the high quality of your products, you can go through the procedure voluntary certification, but, as already mentioned, this is not necessary.

What to produce

There are several types of paving slabs:

• clinker,
• vibropressed,
• vibrocast.

The clinker house is considered the most expensive of all. To make it you will need special equipment and clay. high quality. Needless to say, for a small enterprise that has just appeared on the market, such costs will be unreasonably high. In addition, the sales market for such tiles is quite narrow.

The right decision for a novice manufacturer would be to turn to a more democratic form and start producing paving stones using the vibration casting method. In terms of quality and price ratio, this is best option, and consumers who are looking for durable and inexpensive paving slabs usually prefer this one. The vibration casting technology itself is one of the simple ones, and the cost of tiles produced by this method is low.

Vibropressed tiles are also strong, durable and aesthetically pleasing, but their production is more expensive.

In addition to the tiles themselves, buyers should be offered borders, decorative elements, and facing stones: it is always convenient to purchase everything you need in one place.

Laying tiles can also become a related service - this will help the buyer purchase the exact amount of material, and the manufacturer will receive additional profit.

Workshop for the production of paving slabs

You should start organizing production by finding a suitable premises. The requirements for it are not that high. It must be heated (special temperature conditions are required for the production of tiles). Communications are required - centralized water supply and electricity with the ability to use a voltage of 380 V.

The location where the workshop will be located special significance does not have one, so inexpensive buildings on the outskirts will do. The area of ​​the room can be small, from 60 square meters. meters, it depends on the capabilities and planned scale of production.

To produce paving stones, you will definitely need a drying room, where the floor must be warm and the air temperature must be maintained at 35–40 degrees. You will also need to allocate a small warehouse for storing finished products.

Equipment and personnel

When the premises are selected, you can proceed to the purchase of equipment and recruitment of personnel.

To produce tiles you will need:

• 1–2 concrete mixers,
• stripping table,
• forming vibrating table,
• special plastic forms.

With this set of equipment you can start producing square and shaped paving stones, decorative fences, borders, facade tiles and slabs with gutters.

To produce 30 sq. m of tiles per day, the company must employ three people per shift. These can be ordinary workers - there are no special requirements for their qualifications. Their responsibilities will include following the recipe and technology for mixing concrete, filling out forms and sending tiles to pressing tables and then to the drying room.

During the “hot” season, when a lot of goods are needed, you can hire employees for temporary work.

Raw materials for tiles

Paving slabs must comply with GOST: meet the requirements for strength, frost resistance, hygroscopicity, etc. The tile covering should last 25 years or more. To achieve such quality, you will need not only to follow the production technology, but also to use good raw materials.

To produce 30 sq. meters of tiles, you will need:

• cement – ​​0.8 t;
• concrete plasticizer – 2.3 kg;
• sand-granite mixture – 2.5 t;
• pigments.

The supply of sand and granite crushed stone must be negotiated with the management of the mining quarry - preferably directly, but it is also possible through an intermediary company.

It is better to purchase cement and pigments of the same brand, especially if a large order is being carried out, otherwise you may encounter the problem of color mismatch between tiles in different batches.

Search for buyers

To show off the product, it is better to make several demonstration samples so that potential buyers can see what the coating will look like. However, a product catalog wouldn’t hurt either – colorful booklets with information about the benefits of tiles in general and yours in particular will definitely come in handy.

You can also personally offer your products to managers or suppliers of repair and construction teams. Advertisements will help you find customers – both in the media (newspapers, magazines, on Internet sites) and simply in cottage villages.

Costs and profits

To launch a production line of 30 sq. m of paving slabs per day, you will need about 200–250 thousand rubles. excluding the cost of purchasing or renting premises for a workshop.

Cost of production 1 sq. m of tiles averages 250 rubles, taking into account the cost of raw materials, electricity and wages workers. Average price sq. m of tiles for sale – 350–450 rubles.

Thus, provided that the product is quickly sold, a paving slab production business can recoup its investment in just 2–3 months.

The essence of the nasty joke is that our world is a complete show business, and we live in it (Musin Almat Zhumabekovich)

Paving slabs give a well-groomed and presentable look to a path or walkway near a home or office, which is why very often people prefer paving slabs for exterior decoration of external areas. Among building materials The demand for it not only does not fall, but also increases. Therefore, competition among manufacturers is quite high. However, this does not mean that production should not be opened.
This business is very popular and profitable, so be smart about drawing up a business plan for the production of paving slabs and open your own business.

Business payback

Many qualified experts note that the production of paving slabs is profitable business, since the payback is more than one hundred percent. Even defective products can be used, for example, in construction.

Business registration

The process of registering a business is quite simple, without certification. All you need to do is register as an individual entrepreneur. If you want to produce a certified product and have confirmation of its quality, then you can obtain a certificate from a special certification service. The service will check your product for various qualities, such as frost resistance, durability, strength. You will easily receive a certificate if your products pass these tests.

Production equipment

For the production of paving slabs use:

• vibration casting technology;
• vibration pressing technology.

To produce tiles using vibropressing technology, you need to purchase specialized equipment:

• brick press (twenty thousand dollars);
• concrete mixer (six thousand dollars);
• punch (three thousand dollars).

Making tiles using vibration casting technology will cost much less, since you need less expensive equipment:

• vibration table (four thousand dollars);
• different types of shapes (depending on the shape from one to eighteen thousand dollars per piece);
• concrete mixer (six hundred dollars).

Production

In order to understand these processes, it is necessary to become more familiar with the production technology of paving slabs. First, let's look at vibration pressing technology. The same technology is used in the manufacture of stones for walls, partitions, and borders.

Vibrocompression technology

Preparation of concrete mixture

A concrete mixer is used to prepare the concrete mixture. In order to understand how many concrete mixers you will need, you need to know how many layers your product will have. So, if the product has two layers, then you need two concrete mixers. Then the finished mixture for the mold is transferred to the matrix of the brick making machine.

Formation of forms

After moving the forming mass into the matrix, the punch with vibrators begins its work. The result of this work is vibration pulses, from which the mixture begins to thicken. This whole process lasts five seconds. After this, the formed product proceeds to drying. Drying is carried out in one tray, and for new party The product will need another pallet.

Drying tiles

In order for the tile to have finished look, it is necessary to use heat and moisture drying. For this purpose, steam can be successfully used. If the means do not allow you to use the heat-moist method for drying the tiles, then it is quite possible to dry almost finished products in the room itself. To guide you on the time required for drying, let’s give an example: for concrete with a density of up to two MPa, it takes from five to eight hours.

Vibration casting technology

1. production of concrete mixture;
2. laying concrete on a vibrating table in special forms;
3. laying out finished forms on a pallet;
4. keeping the resulting finished mixture in natural conditions two days;
5. heating the hardened form for up to two minutes to a temperature of seventy degrees, knocking out the finished product.

Selecting a room

There are no special requirements or restrictions on the location of production premises. Essential requirement for selection production premises is the square footage of the room, since it is necessary to place all the equipment.

It is desirable that the room be more than seventy in size square meters. The voltage in the network should be three hundred sixty volts. And it will be necessary to equip a special room to house the drying chamber, and set the temperature there to forty-five degrees.

Production area

In order to accommodate all the necessary specialized equipment and allocate space for storing the necessary materials and products, you will need a room of one hundred square meters. In this case, the warehouse can be taken out separately, but its construction will also require one hundred square meters.

In this case, you can do without heating the workshop, since the heat will come from the production process itself. The finished material is first left in the workshop, and only then transferred to the warehouse.

Recruitment

In order to produce 50 meters of square paving slabs per day, you will only need to hire three people.

Each person's responsibilities will include:

• concrete preparation process,
• press feed,
• sending the product to dry.

After making paving slabs, the question of its implementation becomes a question. Naturally, you want to have a wide base of regular customers, so you need to provide them with a wide range of paving slabs you produce. And for this, even during the development of a business plan, it is necessary to provide for the production of tiles of different sizes and colors, with a variety of shapes.

When starting a business, it is recommended to focus on individuals or small entrepreneurs who purchase paving slabs for their needs. Large orders should be taken later, when you have consolidated your position in the first segment.

Production costs

Consumption of initial investments in the paving slab production business:

• work on launching and setting up production - 100,000 rubles;
• melting and heating unit - 550,000 rubles;
• press (for example, D2430) - 468,000 rubles;
• concrete mixer (for example, SBR-500) - 70,000 rubles;
• press (for example, PP TR) - 210,000 rubles;
• scales (for example, MK-15.2) - 4,100 rubles.

Total: 1,403,000.00 rubles

Wages

For production, it will be enough to hire three people and assign them to the following positions with the following salary:

• manager (24 thousand rubles),
• operator of a melting and heating unit (24 thousand rubles)
• worker (22 thousand rubles)

Based on this salary level, payroll costs will be 70,000 rubles (if employees work one shift) and, accordingly, 140,000 rubles (if employees work two shifts).

When calculating the cost of one square meter of finished products, the cost of payroll will be 33.34 rubles.

It is also necessary to include in the cost of one square meter of finished products the amount of the single social tax, which is 26%. Thus, it gives 8.7 rubles.

You can calculate the cost of rent: if one square meter costs one hundred rubles, then renting the entire premises will cost 10,000 rubles. At the same time rent to calculate the cost of one square meter of finished products will be 2.40 rubles.

Costs of necessary materials and energy

To make the product you will need the following material:

• polymer;
• construction sand;
• coloring pigment.

Composition of a mixture of polymer and sand:

• polymer - 24.60%;
• sand-75%;
• pigments - 0.40%.

We take into account the average price of materials:

• sand – 0.33 rubles per kilogram;
• pigment – ​​50 rubles per kilogram;
• polymer – 13.60 rubles per kilogram.

Thus, one ton of the above material will cost 3,795 rubles.

At the same time, to calculate the cost of one square meter of finished products, the cost of raw materials will be 136.60 rubles.

The equipment uses electricity per shift:

• press - 22 kW; melting and heating unit - 100 kW;
• light bulbs - 12 kW;
• concrete mixer - 1.5 kW.

Total: 135.5 kW is used per shift.

Taking into account the fee of 4.03 rubles per 1 kWh, the cost of electricity per square meter of finished product will be 7.8 rubles.

Calculation of the cost of one meter of square paving slabs:

Final calculations:

Conclusion

This type of business is one of the fastest paying businesses. Anyone can organize this business, since there are no particular difficulties in making paving slabs. An undeniable advantage is the quick return on investment of the business. The disadvantages include the seasonality of the work and the monotony of the process itself.

In urban landscaping, the ubiquitous asphalt surface has been replaced by a beautiful and convenient material - concrete tiles. It is used to lay sidewalks, platforms, local areas, cottage and summer cottages. Thousands more kilometers of sidewalks and courtyards are waiting for a new practical coating. And, if city administrations mainly cooperate with large contractors, then individuals and entrepreneurs are happy to order paving stones from small enterprises . The paving slab production business, even with small volumes, quickly pays for itself and brings good profit. At the same time, it does not require large start-up investments.

Is it worth starting a paving stone production?

To answer this question, study supply and demand in the paving market in your city:

• Analyze the volumes in which paving slabs are produced and at what price your future competitors sell them, and what other services they provide.
• Identify your potential clients: open cafes, private hotels and shops, repair and construction teams.
• Look for possible suppliers: if there are no granite and sand quarries nearby, you will have to order raw materials from other regions, which will significantly increase the cost of production and reduce the profitability of production.

If research into a competitive market shows that market saturation is low, it may be worth considering creating a high-capacity manufacturing facility.

It is better for an inexperienced entrepreneur not to take risks and buy more additional equipment as large orders arrive.

Business registration

The production of paving slabs as a business does not require any licenses or certificates. Enough and you can start organizing production. If you wish, you can undergo a voluntary product certification procedure, which will confirm the high quality of your products that meet state standards.

What tiles to produce?

The main types of paving slabs are clinker, vibropressed and vibrocast. Clinker tiles are the most expensive of all. Its production requires high quality clay and special firing equipment. It is not practical for a small enterprise to start producing expensive tiles due to the rather narrow market for such products.

You should focus on producing tiles using vibration casting. Such tiles are most in demand due to their durability and wear resistance, variety of shapes and colors. This best choice in terms of price-quality ratio, both for customers and for the manufacturer. Vibratory casting technology is easy to use and has low cost. Vibration-pressed tiles have similar characteristics, but are considered to be more expensive to produce than vibro-cast tiles.

Along with paving slabs, you can produce curbs, facing stones, and park decor items. Do not leave the laying of your tiles in the wrong hands: usually the work on manufacturing and installing the coating is a complex process. This is convenient for the buyer, and you can more accurately calculate the required number of tiles.

Workshop organization

Tile production technology requires special temperature regime, therefore it is necessary to place the equipment in a heated room. Where the production workshop will be located does not matter. You can rent any suitable premises with an area of ​​60 sq. m. m. Communications must be connected to the building: central water supply and three-phase electricity with a voltage of 380 V.

Separately, it is necessary to equip a drying room with a heated floor, where the air temperature will be maintained at 35 - 40 degrees. Provide storage space for finished products.

During the winter, if your production volumes increase in preparation for the peak spring/summer season, you may need additional storage.

Equipment required for the production of paving slabs:

• concrete mixer (1 – 2 pcs.);
• forming vibrating table;
• stripping table;
• plastic forms.

This is a minimum set of equipment that is sufficient for the production of figured and square paving stones, facade tiles, decorative fences and slabs with gutters.

Staff

To reach a productivity of 30 sq. m of tiles per day, it is necessary for 3 people to work in one shift. There are no special requirements for the qualifications of workers. They are required to follow the concrete mixing recipe, fill out forms and send products to the pressing tables and drying room.

During high-demand tiling seasons, hire a few people on your crew for temporary work.

Purchase of raw materials

High-quality tile covering can last up to 25 years. Paving slabs are manufactured in accordance with GOST “Concrete paving slabs” No. 17608-91. Products must meet the requirements of frost resistance, strength, water absorption and abrasion. For this purpose, the tiles are made from high-quality raw materials with precise adherence to technology.

For production of 30 sq. m of tiles you will need:

• cement – ​​0.8 t;
• sand-granite mixture – 2.5 t;
• concrete plasticizer – 2.3 kg;
• pigments.

It is better to negotiate an uninterrupted supply of sand and granite crushed stone or screenings with the quarry management directly or through an intermediary company.

Try to constantly purchase cement of the same brand, especially when completing a large order, otherwise you will encounter a problem such as color mismatch of tiles from different batches. The same goes for pigments.

Sales of products

In order to offer your tiles to potential customers, you need to make several demonstration samples. Cast product samples different colors and forms, so that the customer can see with his own eyes, and not in the catalogue, what his tile covering will look like.

Additional options can be presented in a colorful booklet, accompanied by information about the benefits concrete tiles, its proper operation and your company’s service offerings.

It is better to communicate with repair and construction teams individually; for other clients, place advertisements in cottage and holiday villages, in free newspapers and Internet sites, and in specialized magazines.

Business plan for the production of paving slabs

One-time costs for launching a production line of 30 sq. m of paving slabs per day range from 200 thousand rubles. excluding the cost of renting a workshop.

Cost of production 1 sq. m of tiles averages 210 rubles. (including the cost of raw materials; wages at the rate of 45 rubles per 1 sq. m; electricity consumed for a standard working day).

Average sale price of 1 sq. m of tiles – 350-370 rubles.

Provided that all products are quickly sold, the production of paving slabs can pay for itself in 2-3 months.