Do you want your staff to always work efficiently? Agree that it is difficult to think about business when a person is experiencing discomfort. And for this it is necessary to comply with at least the temperature standards in the workplace. It should be comfortable. From this article, you will learn what standards were established by SanPiN in 2018 and what the final temperature in the office should be in winter and summer, as well as what the employer faces when violating these requirements.

Why is SanPiN needed?

It follows from Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation that employers are obliged to create not only safe conditions at workplaces in the office or in production, but also to maintain a comfortable atmosphere - temperature, humidity level, etc. Relevant standards are established to ensure that work for 8 hours a day (40 hours a week) does not cause harm to health. In addition, comfortable conditions have a positive effect on the performance of staff.

When introducing temperature standards in a workroom, officials must pay attention to humidity, air speed, surface temperature, etc. In addition, indicators may differ due to varying degrees loads and types of work. For example, foundries have their own temperature that is considered comfortable, which cannot be said about ordinary office premises.

Temperature conditions of the working room

The less physical activity is performed by a person, the warmer the room should be. Office workers spend most of their time at the computer, and most of the time they move from office to office. Therefore, the favorable temperature should be set taking these factors into account.

According to SanPiN 2018 standards, the temperature in the office workplace in the warm season should be 23-25 ​​degrees Celsius with a relative air humidity of 60-40%. At the same time, the surface temperature is from 22 to 26C, and the air movement speed is up to 0.1 m/s.

In the cold season, the temperature in the office should be from 22 to 24C (humidity and air speed are similar). The optimal surface temperature is 21-25C.

When making a decision, be guided by SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 “Hygienic requirements for microclimate production premises"(clauses 5, 6, 7 and Appendix 1).

Employers need to know exactly what temperature should be in the workroom, since failure to comply with the standards may result in prosecution.

Consequences for violating SanPiN standards

When working conditions deviate from temperature norms, the length of the working day should be reduced. For example, office workers can work indoors at +13C for no more than 1 – 4 hours (with normal sedentary work).

Violation temperature regime qualify under Part 1 of Art. 5.27.1 Code of Administrative Offences. A warning or fine may be imposed in the amount of:

• 2000-5000 rub. – for individual entrepreneurs;
• 50,000-80,000 – for legal entities;
• 2000 – 5000 rub. - for officials.

It is also possible to force the termination of activities for up to 3 months.

They can also be held accountable under Art. 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, which provides for a warning or an administrative fine from 100 to 20,000 rubles. depending on the status of the culprit (individual, official, individual entrepreneur, legal entity). But usually inspectors are guided by more stringent sanctions, that is, Part 1 of Art. 5.27.1 Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Remember that it is the employer’s responsibility to create and maintain a temperature in the workplace in accordance with SanPiN standards. For this, air conditioners, heaters, etc. are used. By following the established rules, you can avoid many conflicts, as well as downtime associated with employee illnesses.

A person spends quite a lot of time at home and at work. Comfort is very important factor, affecting productivity and quality of life in general. By sanitary standards The room temperature should not cause discomfort. The microclimate in an industrial or residential area must be maintained within appropriate limits.

Don't forget to measure the temperature in the rooms

Living room temperature

Payment for public utilities continues to grow steadily, especially in difficult times for the country. But despite the increase in tariffs, the quality does not increase, and often decreases.

Of course, tenants' preferences may vary. However, it is worth remembering the limits within which the air temperature in the room corresponds to sanitary standards.

According to medical recommendations, optimal conditions for human habitation it is 22 degrees Celsius with a humidity of 30%. A higher temperature in the room can increase the body's susceptibility to infections, which leads to respiratory diseases.

In this video you will learn what a comfortable temperature is for a child:

Temperature standards for housing:

• flights of stairs - 14-20°C;
• inter-apartment corridors - 16-22°C;
• hallways, kitchens, living rooms - 18-25°C;
• bedrooms – 18-20°C;
• bathroom – 24-26°C.

In order to successfully comply with the standards and maintain the optimal temperature, it would be useful to take care of minimizing losses. Thermal insulation of housing and installation of thermostats on heating devices will help effectively save heat in the house.

Factors influencing climate regulation

To properly regulate the weather in the house, you need to understand what it consists of. The indoor climate is affected by constant changes in many external factors.

The indoor climate is affected by the weather outside

Reasons for fluctuation:

• construction features of the premises;
• end of the heating season;
• time of year;
• nuances of the local climate;
• geographical latitude of residence;
• humidity;
• atmospheric pressure.

The greatest discomfort for residents occurs due to the heating being turned off in the apartment. It is at this point that careful temperature control is necessary. Sudden hypothermia of the body, as well as overheating, negatively affects health.

Men tend to feel more comfortable at lower temperatures than women. For children, fine adjustment of the home climate is especially important. In general, it is recommended to stick to 22°C. This figure will suit everyone.

In a room with central heating, the thermometer should not fall below 20°C. If this happens regularly, this indicates poor performance of the utility service or a low level of thermal insulation.

In this case you need:

• contact the utility company with a complaint;
• demand recalculation of payments;
• purchase alternative heating devices;
• improve thermal insulation.

The law provides for recalculation for poorly provided utility services. It consists of reducing pay by 0.15% per hour. However, to achieve it, you will have to go to court.

Standards for office premises

Office workers are an important part of any company. Creating the most comfortable conditions not only affects the health and productivity of staff, but also the work of the company as a whole.

The main feature of intellectual work is small physical activity. For this category the following standards are provided:

• in summer – 23-25°C;
• in winter – 22-24°C.

The humidity level in an office space should be 40-60%. If the microclimate does not meet these parameters, employees have the right to demand that management reduce their working hours.

If the temperature rises above 29 degrees, the working day is reduced to 3-6 hours. If the bar rises to 32, staying in the office should not exceed one hour. In winter, the duration of the shift is reduced by an hour, with readings at 19°C, and at thirteen it cannot last more than 1 hour.

The employer must maintain a normal microclimate in the office: responsibility for failure to comply with sanitary standards lies with him. Continued violations may result in temporary closure of the office for up to 3 months. Fines of up to 5 thousand rubles are also possible for private entrepreneurs and up to 50 thousand for legal entities.

In addition to temperature indicators, the following factors are taken into account:

• relative humidity;
• high-quality ventilation;
• air movement speed;
• presence of electromagnetic fields;
• presence of dust.

Lighting in the office is also important. Weak light causes constant strain on the eyesight and can lead to depression, while too bright light will irritate people. In insufficiently bright rooms, the issue can be solved with the help of table lamps.

The noise level should not exceed 50 decibels. Permanent extraneous sounds, especially loud ones, interfere with concentration and cause headache. As a result, productivity decreases and health problems arise.

You should carefully monitor the temperature both at home and at work, and then you can avoid additional health problems.

The main criterion for a person’s comfortable stay in a residential area is the creation and maintenance of a favorable temperature regime at any time of the year.

And if in the summer such a problem is solved quite simply - by using modern devices air conditioning, then in winter the temperature in the apartment can be regulated by the owner of the property when arranging autonomous system heating or central heating supplier.

The temperature in the apartment depends on many factors, among which are the following:

• Climatic conditions of the region of residence.
• Seasons.
• Technical features of housing.
• Number, age and subjective preferences of residents.

Climatic conditions

A comfortable temperature regime in a home can have different meanings depending on your region of residence. In addition, the level of air humidity outside, the amount of precipitation and atmospheric pressure have a great influence.

Seasons

As the seasons change, the indoor climate in residential areas may differ. So, in winter period The temperature drops significantly, and in the summer it rises.

In addition, the heating season ends in spring, which leads to a drop in the average daily indoor temperature.

For many countries, the optimal temperature level in an apartment in the winter months is from 18 to 22 degrees, and in the summer it can reach 26 above 0. It seems that the difference of a few degrees between the values ​​​​is imperceptible, but in fact it can have a significant impact on the well-being of residents .

Technical features of housing

Comfortable temperature is also influenced technical features dwellings - dimensions of premises, ceiling height, insulation of surfaces, presence of furniture, location of the apartment (corner, central, number of floors).

Human factor

To maintain a comfortable temperature, it is important to take into account the human factor. For each person, the concept of comfort is individual. Women prefer more high temperatures than men. Small children are not able to independently regulate heat exchange own body, therefore often prone to overheating or cooling. They require optimal indoor conditions. Elderly people are no less sensitive to temperature changes.

Temperature standards in various rooms

According to GOST and SNiP for apartment buildings The following temperature standards have been established in residential and other premises:

• Comfortable stay temperature is from 19 to 25 degrees.
• During the cold period - from 19 to 22 degrees.
• During the hot period - from 21 to 26 degrees.

The normal temperature in an apartment during the heating season is:

• Living room (bedroom, living room) – from 16 to 18 degrees. For quick relaxation and good rest body.
• Children's room - from 22 to 24 degrees. Provides comfortable warmth necessary for proper regulation of heat exchange in children.
• Kitchen - from 17 to 19 degrees. The heat produced by electrical appliances is sufficient.
• Bathroom and sanitary facilities - from 23 to 25 degrees. To reduce high humidity and prevent dampness.
• Other functional rooms(corridor, storage room, hall) - from 17 to 22 degrees.

Important! According to SanPin, the minimum temperature difference between different rooms should not exceed 3 degrees.

The following temperature standards are provided for common premises:

• Entrances - up to 17 degrees.
• Elevator cabins - up to 5 degrees.
• Inter-apartment corridors - from 16 to 20 degrees.
• Basements and attics - up to 4 degrees.
• Lobbies, staircases - from 13 to 18 degrees.

Correct measurements of room temperature

In order to comply with heating standards in a residential building, it is recommended to carry out mandatory temperature measurements. To obtain reliable results, measurements are performed special device taking into account the following technical requirements:

1. Readings are taken every hour for one calendar day.
2. The device must be located at certain points - 100 cm from the external wall, 150 cm from the floor surface.
3. The room in which measurements are carried out should not have sources of heat loss - cracks, open windows and doors.
4. Measurements are carried out under neutral weather conditions.

If, as a result of independent measurements, a decrease in the standard comfortable temperature in the apartment is determined, this is reported to the emergency service. In this case, the duty officer sends a team to the resident to draw up an official measurement report.

The act contains the following data:

• Date of document creation.
• Technical information about housing.
• Checking composition.
• Meter data.
• Temperature values.
• Signatures of the participants.

The document is drawn up in two copies: one for the owner of the living space, the second for the employees of the public utility service.

Determination of coolant temperature in batteries

The coolant in the central heating and hot water supply system is water heated to a certain temperature.

To measure the temperature of water heating in the system, the following instruments are used:

• Medical thermometer.
• Thermometer with infrared spectrum.
• Alcohol thermometer.

Central heating

To determine what the temperature of the heating radiators in the apartment should be, it is necessary to take into account the standards established for the coolant.

They are determined taking into account climatic conditions and are relevant if the pipe has a lower central supply to the battery:

• Temperature environment+ 6 degrees: at entry up to +55 degrees, at return – up to +40 degrees.
• The temperature outside the window is 0 degrees: at the entrance +66 degrees, at the return – up to +49 degrees.
• The temperature outside the window is from -5 degrees: at the entrance + 77 degrees, at the return – up to +55 degrees.

If the permissible temperature threshold decreases - in daytime by 4 degrees, at night - by 5 degrees - recalculation of the level of payment for central heating services is mandatory.

Important! Unlike a single-pipe heating system, a two-pipe heating system may have a reduced heating temperature of the coolant.

The parameters of the heat supply system are strictly regulated by current legislation, according to which apartment building The following temperature conditions of the coolant in the pipes are allowed:

1. With a two-pipe system, the coolant temperature is +96 degrees.
2. With a single-pipe system, the temperature is +116 degrees.
3. The average heating temperature of batteries in an apartment ranges from +78 to 92 degrees.

Measurements of the coolant in the system can be performed in the following ways:

• Place an alcohol thermometer on the heating radiator and wait a few minutes. Add one degree to the resulting value. Instead of an alcohol thermometer, you can use a room infrared thermometer, which has a higher measurement accuracy.
• Attach an electric temperature meter to the battery with a thermocouple wire and take readings.

Hot water supply

In the cold season, the main factor is the heating temperature of the water, which should be from +64 to 76 degrees. If water is supplied in violation of temperature standards, this is fraught with an increase in water consumption and utility costs.

To measure the temperature of the hot water supply, place a deep container in the sink, washbasin or bathtub. An alcohol-based thermometer is placed in it and liquid is supplied from the tap.

The duration of the measurement is about 10 minutes. Possible deviation from the norm may be +/- 3 degrees.

Air exchange rate

An important parameter that determines a comfortable and safe stay in a home is air exchange - complete or partial replacement dirty air clean.

According to regulatory documents, the rate of air exchange rate is:

• in a living room up to 25 sq. m – 3 cu.m. m/hour for square meter squares;
• in a kitchen with a gas stove - up to 9 cubic meters. m/hour, with an electric stove - 6 cubic meters. m/hour;
• in other rooms up to 20 square meters. m. – 1 cu.m. m/hour.

It is difficult to independently measure the air exchange rate; laboratories and expert bureaus often assume this function.

If you wish, you can obtain reliable data on the air exchange rate in several ways:

• A device called an Aerodoor installed in a window or doorway. Under the influence of a fan, air is pumped into the device, after which the multiplicity parameter is determined.
• Thermal anemometer and balometer for measuring velocity and volume air flow indoors.

The degree of responsibility of public utilities for violation of standards

The law states that owners and tenants of residential property can contact utility services to recalculate the tariff by 0.15% for every 60 minutes of non-compliance with established temperature standards.

Tariff recalculation is possible in the following cases:

• The temperature in living quarters during the day is less than 17 degrees, in the corner room - below 21 degrees.
• Duration of heating shutdown in one calendar month was 24 hours.
• One-time heating shutdowns for 15 hours when the outside air temperature reaches 11 degrees.

If, with the onset of cold weather, the air in the apartment remains insufficiently heated, a person can file a formal complaint with the following authorities:

• The prosecutor's office.
• Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights.
• Housing inspection.

To resolve the problem in court, you must submit the following documents:

• Copies of certified statements.
• Application to the emergency dispatch service.
• Temperature check report.
• Copies of compliance documents of the device used for testing.

According to the court ruling, the managing person undertakes to eliminate all shortcomings in the provision of poor-quality services in statutory term.

The utility service or management company. Having information about what air temperature should be in the apartment when the heating season begins, each owner will be able to control the quality of the services provided.

State system of sanitary and epidemiological
rationing Russian Federation

Federal sanitary rules, norms and hygienic
standards

2.2.4. PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
production premises

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

Ministry of Health of Russia

Moscow 1997

1 . Developed by: Research Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (Afanasyeva R.F., Repin G.N., Mikhailova N.S., Bessonova N.A., Burmistrova O.V., Losik T.K.); Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene named after. F.F. Erisman (Ustyushin B.V.); with the participation of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Sinitsina E.V., Chaschin V.P.); State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of Russia (Lytkin B.G., Kucherenko A.I.).

2 . Approved and put into effect by Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 1, 1996, No. 21.

3 . Introduced to replace the “Sanitary Standards for the Microclimate of Industrial Premises” approved by the USSR Ministry of Health dated March 31, 1986, No. 4088-86.

Law of the RSFSR “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population”

« Sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards (hereinafter referred to as sanitary rules) - regulations that establish criteria for the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors for humans and requirements for ensuring favorable conditions his life activity.

Sanitary rules must be followed by everyone government agencies and public associations, enterprises and other economic entities, organizations and institutions, regardless of their subordination and forms of ownership, officials and citizens” (Article 3).

“A sanitary offense is an unlawful, guilty (intentional or careless) act (action or inaction) that infringes on the rights of citizens and the interests of society, associated with non-compliance with the sanitary legislation of the RSFSR, including the current sanitary rules¼

Officials and citizens of the RSFSR who commit a sanitary offense may be brought to disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability” (Article 27).

APPROVED

Date of introduction: from the moment of approval

2.2.4 . PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
production premises

Hygienic requirements to occupational microclimate

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

1. General provisions and scope

1.1 . These Sanitary Rules and Standards (hereinafter referred to as the Sanitary Rules) are intended to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate of workplaces and industrial premises on the well-being, functional state, performance and health of a person.

1.2 . These Sanitary Rules apply to microclimate indicators in workplaces of all types of industrial premises and are mandatory for all enterprises and organizations. References to the obligation to comply with the requirements of these sanitary rules must be included in regulatory and technical documents: standards, building codes and regulations, technical specifications and other regulatory and technical documents regulating the operational characteristics of production facilities, technological, engineering and sanitary equipment that ensure the provision of hygienic microclimate standards.

1.3 . In accordance with Articles 9 and 34 of the RSFSR Law “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population,” organizations must exercise production control over compliance with the requirements of the Sanitary Rules and carry out preventive measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of diseases of workers in production premises, as well as monitoring compliance with working conditions and rest and implementation of measures for collective and individual protection of workers from adverse effects microclimate.

1.4 . Heads of enterprises, organizations and institutions, regardless of their form of ownership and subordination, in order to ensure production control, are obliged to bring workplaces into compliance with the microclimate requirements provided for by these Sanitary Rules.

1.5 . State sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control over the implementation of these Sanitary Rules is carried out by bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation, and departmental sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control is carried out by bodies and institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological profile of the relevant ministries and departments.

1.6 . State sanitary and epidemiological supervision over the construction of new and reconstruction of existing production facilities is carried out at the stages of project development and commissioning of facilities, taking into account the nature technological process and compliance of engineering and sanitary equipment with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules and Building Codes and Rules “Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning”.

1.7 . Project documentation for the construction and reconstruction of industrial premises must be agreed upon with the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Russia.

1.8 . Commissioning of production premises in order to assess the compliance of the hygienic parameters of the microclimate with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules must be carried out with the mandatory participation of representatives of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation.

2. Normative references

2.1 . Law of the RSFSR “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population.”

2.2 . Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standards, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 5, 1994, No. 625.

2.3 . Management " General requirements to the construction, presentation and execution of sanitary-hygienic and epidemiological normative and methodological documents" dated February 9, 1994 R 1.1.004-94.

3. Terms and definitions

3.1 . Production premises- confined spaces in specially designed buildings and structures in which work is carried out constantly (in shifts) or periodically (during the working day) work activity people.

3.2 . Working place- an area of ​​the premises in which labor activity is carried out during a work shift or part of it. A workplace can be several areas of a production facility. If these areas are located throughout the room, then the entire area of ​​the room is considered a workplace.

3.3 . Cold period year - a period of the year characterized by an average daily outside air temperature of +10 °C and below.

3.4 . Warm period year- a period of the year characterized by an average daily outside air temperature above +10 °C.

3. 5 . Average daily temperature outdoor air - average value outside air temperature measured at certain times of the day at regular intervals. It is taken according to the meteorological service.

3.6 . Demarcation works By categories is carried out on the basis of the intensity of the body’s total energy expenditure in kcal/h (W). Characteristic individual categories works ( I a, Ib, II a, II b, III ) is presented in the appendix .

3.7 environment (TNS) - the combined effect on the human body of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air speed, thermal radiation), expressed as a single-digit indicator in °C.

4. General requirements and microclimate indicators

4.1 . Sanitary rules establish hygienic requirements for microclimate indicators of workplaces of industrial premises, taking into account the intensity of energy consumption of workers, time of work, periods of the year and contain requirements for methods of measuring and monitoring microclimatic conditions.

4.2 . Microclimate indicators must ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of a person with the environment and the maintenance of an optimal or acceptable thermal state of the body.

4.3 . Indicators characterizing the microclimate in production premises are:

· air temperature;

· surface temperature*;

· relative air humidity;

· air speed;

· intensity of thermal radiation.

* The temperature of the surfaces of enclosing structures (walls, ceilings, floors), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or enclosing devices is taken into account.

5. Optimal microclimate conditions

5.1 . Optimal microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria of optimal thermal and functional state person. They provide a general and local feeling of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on the thermoregulatory mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health, and create the prerequisites for high level performance and are preferred in the workplace.

5.2 . Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators must be observed at workplaces of industrial premises where operator-type work associated with nervous and emotional stress is performed (in cabins, at consoles and control stations for technological processes, in computer rooms, etc.). The list of other workplaces and types of work in which optimal microclimate values ​​must be ensured is determined by the Sanitary Rules for individual industries and other documents agreed upon with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities in the prescribed manner.

5.3 . The optimal microclimate parameters in the workplace should correspond to the values ​​given in table. , in relation to the performance of work various categories during cold and warm periods of the year.

5.4 . Changes in air temperature in height and horizontally, as well as changes in air temperature during a shift, while ensuring optimal microclimate values ​​in the workplace, should not exceed 2 °C and go beyond the values ​​​​specified in the table. for certain categories of work.

Table 1

Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators in industrial workplaces

		Air temperature ° WITH	Surface temperature ° WITH	Relative air humidity, %	Air speed, m/s
Cold
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (over 290)
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (over 290)						Air temperature ° WITH		Surface temperature ° WITH	Relative humidity , %	Air speed, m/s
range below optimal values	range above optimal values	for a range of air temperatures below optimal values , no more	for a range of air temperatures above optimal values , no more**
Cold		20,0 - 21, 9				0, 1
	Ib (140 - 174)		23,1 - 24, 0
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)	15,0 - 16, 9
	III (over 290)						0, 4
		21, 0 - 22,9	25, 1 - 28,0
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)	18,0 - 19, 9	22,1 - 27, 0
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (over 290)

*At temperatures air 25 ° WITH And higher maximum quantities relative humidity air should accepted V compliance With requirements n. .

** At temperatures air 26 - 28 ° WITH speed movement air V warm period year should accepted V compliance With requirements n. .

6.4 . When ensuring acceptable microclimate values ​​at workplaces:

· The air temperature difference in height should be no more than 3° WITH ;

· horizontal air temperature difference, and its changes during the shift should not exceed:

In this case, the absolute values ​​of the air temperature should not go beyond the values ​​​​indicated in the table. for certain categories of work.

Number of measuring sites

From 100 to 400

The number of sections is determined by the distance between them, which should not exceed 10 m.

Measuring range

Maximum deviation

Dry bulb air temperature, °C

from -30 to 50

± 0, 2

Wet bulb air temperature, ° WITH

± 0,2

Surface temperature ° WITH

± 0,5

Relative air humidity, %

± 5,0

Air speed, m/s

± 0, 05

± 0,1

Thermal irradiation intensity, W/m2

from 10 to 350

± 5,0

± 50,0

7.14 . Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to draw up a protocol, which should reflect general information about the production facility, the placement of technological and sanitary equipment, sources of heat generation, cooling and moisture release, a diagram of the location of areas for measuring microclimate parameters and other data are given.

7.15 . At the conclusion of the protocol, the results of the measurements performed must be assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements.

Appendix 1
(informative)

Characteristics of individual categories of work

1 . Categories of work are differentiated based on the intensity of the body's energy expenditure in kcal/h (W).

2. To category I and includes work with an intensity of energy consumption of up to 120 kcal/h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by minor physical stress (a number of professions in precision instrumentation and mechanical engineering enterprises, in watchmaking, clothing production, in the field of management, etc.) .

3. To category I b includes work with an energy intensity of 121 - 150 kcal/h (140 - 174 W), performed while sitting, standing or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communications enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in various types production, etc.).

4. To category II and includes work with an energy intensity of 151 - 200 kcal/h (175 - 232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly shops machine-building enterprises, in spinning and weaving production, etc.).

5. To category II b includes work with an energy intensity of 201 - 250 kcal/h (233 - 290 W), associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

6. To category III include work with an intensity of energy consumption of more than 250 kcal/h (more than 290 W), associated with constant movement, movement and carrying of significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in forge shops with manual forging, foundries with manual stuffing and filling of flasks of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Determination of the thermal load index of the environment (TNS index)

1 . The environmental heat load index (THI) is an empirical indicator characterizing the combined effect of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air speed and thermal radiation) on the human body.

2 . The THC index is determined based on the wet-bulb temperature of an aspiration psychrometer ( t ow ) and temperature inside the black ball ( t w).

3 . The temperature inside the blackened ball is measured by a thermometer, the reservoir of which is placed in the center of the blackened hollow ball; t w reflects the influence of air temperature, surface temperature and air speed. The blackened ball must have a diameter of 90 mm, the minimum possible thickness and an absorption coefficient of 0.95. Accuracy of temperature measurement inside the ball± 0.5 °C.

4 . The TNS index is calculated using the equation:

5 . The THC index is recommended to be used for an integral assessment of the thermal load of the environment in workplaces where the air speed does not exceed 0.6 m/s and the intensity of thermal radiation is 1200 W/m2.

6 . The method for measuring and monitoring the THC index is similar to the method for measuring and monitoring air temperature (pp. - of these Sanitary Rules).

7 . The THC index values ​​should not go beyond the values ​​recommended in the table. .

	The values ​​of the integral indicator, ° WITH
Ib (140 - 174)
IIa (175 - 232)
IIb (233 - 290)	19,5 - 23, 9
III (over 290)	18,0 - 21, 8

Operating time at temperature TThe air level in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values

1 . In order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or cumulatively for a work shift) should be limited to the values ​​​​specified in Table. and table of this application. At the same time, the average shift air temperature at which workers are located during a work shift at work places and rest areas should not go beyond the permissible air temperature values ​​for the corresponding categories of work indicated in Table. 1

5, 5

Medium shift air temperature ( t in ) calculated by the formula:

Where

t in1, t in2, … t in n - air temperature (°C) in the relevant areas of the workplace;

τ 1, τ 2, …, τ n - time (hours) for performing work in the relevant areas of the workplace;

8 - duration of the work shift (hours).

Other microclimate indicators (relative air humidity, air speed, surface temperature, intensity of thermal radiation) at workplaces must be within the permissible values ​​of these Sanitary Rules.

Bibliographic data

1. Management R 2.2.4/2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors of production and the environment (under approval).

2 SNiP 2.01.01 . "Building climatology and geophysics."

3 . Methodical recommendations“Assessment of a person’s thermal state in order to substantiate hygienic requirements for the microclimate of workplaces and measures to prevent cooling and overheating” No. 5168-90 dated 03/05/90. On Sat.: Hygienic basics prevention of adverse effects of industrial microclimate on the human body. V. 43, M. 1991, p. 192 - 211.

4. Manual P 2.2.013-94. Occupational hygiene. Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, severity and intensity of the labor process. Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia, M., 1994, 42 p.

5. GOST 12.1.005-88 “General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area.”

6 . Building codes and regulations. SNiP 2.04.05-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning."

Every employer must provide employees with optimal working conditions. People's productivity and health depend on them. Our government has developed rules, the implementation of which guarantees the safety and comfort of workers. They also include the standard temperature in the office. Hygienic requirements are approved by the law “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population.” Adopted in 1999, the document obliges all employers to strictly comply with the rules.

Temperature standards

People who work primarily in offices are sedentary. This has a negative impact on health. And when they have to work, freezing from the cold or languishing from unbearable heat, the situation worsens several times. To protect them, SanPiN rules were created that require maintaining a certain humidity and temperature in the office. Unfortunately, not all employees are aware of them, and employers, taking advantage of this, do not fulfill their responsibilities.

The rule clearly states that the temperature standard for people working in the office for 8 hours should be:

• in summer - from 23 to 25°C;
• in winter - from 22 to 24°C;
• permitted deviation from the norm - 1-2°C;
• The maximum temperature fluctuation on the thermometer during the day is 3-4 °C.

In addition to this, in regulatory documents the permissible humidity in the workplace is specified. It varies from 40 to 60 percent. Maximum speed wind speed is from 0.1 to 0.3 meters per second. Therefore, the boss has no right to force people to work in a draft or in close proximity to a functioning air conditioner. If your workplace located exactly there, you can legally change it to improve working conditions.

Rule execution algorithm

Sanitary standards stipulate not only temperature requirements. It provides detailed recommendations on what to do when comfortable working conditions are not met and the temperature cannot be maintained.

Many employees are not aware that by law they must be in the office full time if the room temperature fluctuates between 20-28 °C. A deviation upward or downward is a serious reason to reduce labor time. Each extra degree reduces work by 1 hour.

If the boss did not prepare the room, did not install a good ventilation system and a powerful air conditioner there, then summer heat You won't have to wait long in the office.

• A thermometer mark of 29°C means being in the office for 7 hours, 30°C - 6 hours, 31°C - 5 hours.
• When the heat reaches 32.5°C, you only need to come to work for 1 hour.
• If the thermometer in the room shows even higher, you can safely stay at home; you cannot work in such conditions.

Cold is no less dangerous to health and productivity than heat, so when the temperature drops to 19°C, the working day is reduced by an hour. With each degree, the time spent in the office decreases proportionally. When the room freezes so much that the thermometer starts to show 13°C, you only need to stay there for an hour. And if the temperature drops even lower, don’t hesitate to stay home to avoid getting sick from hypothermia at work.

As you know, warm air flows tend to rise up, and cold air flows tend to fall down, therefore, measuring the temperature at different heights in the office, you can find an error of several degrees. To exclude manipulation by employees or management, normative act requires installing the thermometer at a meter height from the floor. This is the only way his testimony is considered reliable, and the workers’ claims are justified.

What can the employee do?

When the air temperature is above normal or too low, and the employee feels that such a microclimate poses a health risk, action must be taken. According to the law, a person can refuse to perform his job duties for a while.

You cannot simply not come to work, citing the fact that SanPiN standards are not being met. You must write an official statement indicating the reasons for absence from work. In the document, it is advisable to mention Article 379 of the Labor Code, which states that the performance of work duties should not pose a risk to health. It also notes that every person has the right, for the purpose of self-defense, not to go to work until conditions meet the standards.

A correctly completed application is a guarantee that the employee will retain his job and all the rights provided for by labor legislation.

If the temperature regime is violated, but the employee continues to work at full capacity, each extra hour is considered overtime and, by law, must be paid as overtime.

How can a boss circumvent the law?

In response to the employee's demands set out in the application, the employer may offer an alternative solution to the problem.

According to sanitary standards, if the microclimate does not comply with the established rules, it is necessary to limit the time spent in such a room, and not to reduce the length of the working day. Therefore the boss legally Maybe:

• invite employees to move to another office space where working conditions meet generally accepted requirements;
• increase the lunch break time in proportion to the shortening of the working day due to temperature violations, providing employees comfortable place for relaxation. This measure is often used when the temperature in the office ceases to comply with the rules by several degrees.

These methods do not solve the problem, but are a ploy on the part of the employer to circumvent current law on labor protection. Therefore, it is necessary to demand from the management to adjust the functioning of the heating system, carry out work on insulating the walls and install air conditioners in the office.

Punishment for the employer

Many bosses of large and small companies demand that employees work in inappropriate conditions, threatening them with dismissal. Therefore, you need to be interested in your rights and defend them, relying on the state, which in this matter is completely on the side of the workers.

Article 163 of the Labor Code states that the boss is obliged to provide decent working conditions to all subordinates. If he does not do the work to normalize the microclimate, he can be put under control. To do this, you should write an application to the sanitary-epidemiological service of the Russian Federation and to labor inspection. Organizations are required to send the verification to the designated office. If violations are recorded, the employer will need to pay a fine of 10 to 20 thousand rubles.

If this measure does not force the boss to improve working conditions, upon repeated inspection, the company’s work may be suspended for 3 months, based on the article on administrative violations 6.3.

It rarely goes to such extremes, because it is easier for management to install in the office necessary equipment, maintaining a normal microclimate, than to participate in various proceedings regarding violations of temperature standards. In addition, labor productivity directly depends on comfort in the workplace, which is important for an experienced manager.