Stomatitis from smoking. What are the types and forms of stomatitis - details with photos

If you smoke, then your dentist has probably drawn your attention more than once to problems in the oral cavity associated with this bad habit. If you do not smoke, then this information will also be important for you.

When a dentist insists on stopping such a bad habit as smoking, this is due not only to plaque on the teeth (from gray to brown-black) but also to unpleasant smell from the mouth. Unfortunately, all therapeutic restoration work in smoking patients quickly loses its freshness, shine and becomes dull, gray look. But a more serious problem is the development of nicotine stomatitis (smoker's leukoplakia) in smokers. - one of the most current problems with teeth nowadays.

Nicotine stomatitis is defensive reaction oral mucosa for a long time toxic effects tobacco fume products from smoking or chewing. Such stomatitis manifests itself in the oral cavity in the form of single or multiple foci of excessive keratinization of the epithelium (whitish films) against the background of chronic inflamed mucosa.

Typically, patients with nicotine stomatitis no complaints. Sometimes they may notice a small cosmetic effect in the form of white stripes or circles on the mucous membranes of the cheeks and tongue, roughness and dryness of the oral mucosa, decreased taste sensitivity. Less commonly, there are complaints of burning of the mucous membrane when eating spicy or hot food.

When examining the oral cavity, the dentist discovers whitish films various shapes, which are not removed when scraped with a tool. The favorite places for localization of films are areas of the mucous membrane that are exposed to constant irritation smoke, namely: hard palate, anterior

soft palate, corners of the mouth, back of the tongue. You can often see lesions in the form of white stripes on the mucous membrane of the cheeks along the line where the teeth meet. These stripes rise slightly above the level of the mucosa and are most often intermittent due to constant biting of the elevated areas. The patient does not feel pain; biting the cheek mucosa over time becomes simply a habit and is observed in most patients. Against the background of white films, soft reddish tubercles with pinpoint openings of the excretory ducts of the salivary glands are often visible.

Diagnosis of nicotine stomatitis is not difficult for a specialist, but the success of treatment largely depends on the patient. If smoking is eliminated as the main cause of the disease, then changes in the oral cavity are easily reversible with treatment. If the long-term irritating factor is not eliminated, the disease can transform into malignant form. Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, tar deposits in large quantities, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, ammonium, carbon monoxide, phenols. Nicotine itself, when smoked, does not have a significant effect on the oral mucosa and respiratory tract, however, the purine formed during its destruction is very dangerous substance, which has a pronounced carcinogenic effect. Nicotine stomatitis is a facultative precancer and occurs in 13% of patients with various dental diseases.

Let's look at the different forms of stomatitis and their obvious signs. Detailed examples and options.

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane oral cavity, including the area of ​​the mucous membranes of the lips, cheeks, palate, tonsils, and tongue. The disease occurs most often in children, but in some cases adults are also affected. The disease can be acute, or it can last.

There are four main forms of stomatitis:

• Ulcerative-necrotic, Vincent;
• Chronic recurrent();
• (fungal).

Classification of stomatitis

The disease is distinguished by provoking agents, course, and clinic.

According to the forms of the process:

• Acute;
• Chronic.

According to the factors provoking the disease:

• As a result of injury ( mechanical damage, chemical, impact high temperatures, radiation, so-called nicotine stomatitis);
• As a result of damage by pathogenic microorganisms:

1. Viral (herpes viruses, chickenpox, measles).
2. Candidiasis (fungal).
3. Bacterial.
4. Mycoplasma.
5. Allergic.
6. Stomatitis that developed against the background of an underlying disease (diseases of the stomach and intestines, blood, due to pathology endocrine system,HIV infections).

By clinic types of stomatitis classified as follows:

• Catarrhal;
• Ulcerative;
• Aphthous.

Types of stomatitis photo

Likewise looks like stomatitis. It is characterized by these symptoms on the tongue and in the oral cavity.
The picture above shows detailed photos With different types stomatitis. Such a coating on the tongue indicates a disease of one of the types of stomatitis.

More information about all forms of stomatitis

Allergic stomatitis

The allergic variant of the disease is a form of stomatitis that occurs as a response to increased sensitization the body as a result of the release of allergens into the oral cavity. Such allergens include elements of plastic dentures, fillings, and crowns.

Sometimes intolerance occurs as a result of the use of products for treating the mouth and gums, to retain dentures. In some cases, toothpastes can be allergenic.

There are difficult to diagnose types of stomatitis , which includes allergic ones. On examination, patients experience hyperemia of the oral mucosa (it acquires a bright red tint). Accompanied by pain and swelling.

The main treatment is aimed at eliminating the factors that caused the allergy, prescribing antihistamines, and treating the oral cavity with antiseptic drugs.

Traumatic inflammation of the mouth

As a consequence of a form of stomatitis of traumatic origin. Injuries to the oral cavity occur as a result of exposure to low or high temperatures, chemical agents, and radiation. When making a diagnosis, it is very important to correctly collect an anamnesis of the disease. The patient is asked about the onset of the disease, its development, what the patient did, what he took.

On examination, redness of the oral mucosa, swelling, and pain are observed. Defeat covers inner surface cheeks, lips, gums, tongue.

If there was chemical burn, then along with treatment of the oral cavity it is necessary to prescribe antidotes.

If inflammation of the mouth is caused by arsenic, along with gastric lavage and the use of antidotes, the mouth should be immediately treated with iodinol (1% solution) or unithiol (5% solution). Take measures to sanitize the oral cavity. This is achieved by using rosehip oil, vitamin A,.

Photo of a type of stomatitis resulting from injury.

Smokers may experience nicotine stomatitis. The disease occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke, which contains tar. This has an irritating effect on the oral mucosa, causing inflammation.

Upon examination, such stomatitis looks like hyperemic areas of the oral mucosa, sometimes with ulcerations and tissue compactions. The main requirement for treatment of this disease is quitting smoking (in as a last resort– limitation, replacement with less aggressive agents), carrying out hygienic measures.

Stomatitis of viral etiology

Types of viral stomatitis: A common disease caused by the herpes virus. The most common form of the disease.

Viral stomatitis can occur easily, only with local manifestations, but in children it is manifested by general phenomena: caused by intoxication of the body, deterioration general condition, lack of appetite, diarrhea, muscle pain.

Patients are concerned about pain in the oral cavity, which intensifies when eating. Upon examination, redness of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity is visible, in places there are areas of erosion and blisters.

With a viral infection, it can join bacterial infection, aggravating the patient's condition. In this case, go to therapy viral disease measures to combat bacteria are being added.

Types of viral stomatitis, photo.

During treatment they are prescribed antiviral drugs, analgesics. As with other types of diseases, great value is given to the oral cavity. At the same time, concomitant pathologies are treated.

Important! If you have any, do not try to treat yourself. This may not have the desired effect and may be hazardous to your health. Contact your doctor in a timely manner: he will prescribe an examination and the necessary therapy. .

Bacterial diseases of the mouth

There are also forms of stomatitis that have a bacterial nature.

Vincent's ulcerative necrotizing stomatitis is one of the representatives of a type of stomatitis caused by bacteria. Provoke this disease pathogenic microorganisms– streptococci and staphylococci. Like viral ones, they are more often found in childhood. The likelihood of development increases with teething; in adults, wisdom teeth. Stress is aggravating factors, chronic pathology, frequent colds, poorly sanitized oral cavity.

Along with local reaction in severe cases, general symptoms are also observed: patients complain of malaise, elevated temperature bodies. Children may experience bowel dysfunction, refusal to eat due to pain when eating, and sometimes when swallowing.

When examining the oral cavity: hyperemia of the mucous membrane, local ulcerations, in some places with a crater-like configuration. At severe forms there is an increase peripheral lymph nodes, most often cervical and/or submandibular. The patient feels pain when swallowing, which intensifies while eating.

Types of stomatitis bacterial nature, photo.

When treating this form of stomatitis, they are used, antihistamines. It involves taking drugs orally, as well as local application: rinsing the mouth with antiseptics, using anti-inflammatory ointments.

Oral candidiasis

Types of stomatitis of fungal etiology: The most common candidiasis is caused by fungi of the genus Candida. This disease is popularly called thrush.

The main patients with this lesion are infants and early ages, as well as adults with certain diseases and pathological conditions(decreased immunity after taking hormones and antibiotics, as a result of using dentures, plates, with severe vitamin deficiencies).

Upon examination, against the background of the bright red mucous membrane of the oral cavity, the phenomena of a white, “curdled” coating are clearly visible. White plaque easily removed when treated with soda solution (1 teaspoon per 1 glass of boiled water).

Patients feel soreness, children often have a fever, and other symptoms of intoxication are observed.

Types of stomatitis in which inflammation of the oral cavity occurs are treated by reducing the growth and development of fungal flora. For this purpose, rinsing with alkaline solutions is used (see above soda solution), also rinsing with iodine preparations, aniline dyes, and antifungal ointments.

Along with the main therapy, antiallergic drugs are used, vitamin complexes, monitor oral hygiene. In severe cases, antifungal drugs are prescribed.

A fungus on the tongue usually appears with the development of fungal stomatitis.

Chronic aphthous inflammation of the mouth

There are many types of stomatitis, the cause of which is not clear. These include, for example, chronic aphthous lesions.

In this case, the occurrence of a disease involving decreased immunity, gastrointestinal diseases, intestinal tract, viruses.

On the mucous membrane of the mouth, peculiar formations appear - aphthae. They are round ulcerations with a diameter of 1 to 5 millimeters, covered with a whitish-yellow coating. There is a pronounced rim of hyperemia around the formation. There may be one or more afts; there is a tendency for them to merge.

The following types are distinguished: aphthous stomatitis:

• Fibrinous (single aphthae with the presence of a whitish coating);
• Necrotic (necrosis appears in the lesion - dead tissue);
• Glandular (with damage to the ducts of the salivary glands);
• Scarring (phenomena aphthous inflammation in the form of deep ulcers, they heal through the formation of scars on the mucous membrane);
• Deforming (healing ends with deformations of the mucosa).

Stomatitis as a consequence of certain diseases

Sometimes inflammation of the oral cavity acts as a secondary reaction of the body to the underlying disease.

May develop with the following pathologies:

• Diseases of the intestines and stomach (colitis, hepato-cholecystitis, various dysbacteriosis);
• Heart and blood vessels (manifestations cardiovascular failure in decompensated forms);
• Diseases hematopoietic organs(anemia, forms of leukemia, hemophilia;
• Diseases of the endocrine system (diseases thyroid gland, diabetes mellitus).

On examination, redness of the mucous membrane may be detected, various kinds rashes, bleeding gums, ulcerations. The severity of the changes depends on the underlying disease, the nature and severity of its course, and the individual characteristics of the patient.

Patients feel a burning sensation and pain in the mouth, symptoms intensify with the act of eating. Therapy includes treatment of the underlying disease, oral hygiene and treatment of stomatitis, depending on the pathogen.

Conclusion

Any disease poses a certain danger to the human body. And a disease detected in an advanced form is doubly dangerous. Stomatitis is no exception. Therefore, timely consultation with a doctor, examination and adequate treatment will help you cope with this nasty disease.

Smoking is not only a bad habit, but also the cause of most diseases in the body. Smokers, without knowing it, discover widest spectrum diseases. Among them is widespread nicotine stomatitis.

What is it?

Stomatitis is a disease of the mouth and its parts. The tongue, throat or cheeks may be affected. The causes of the disease are both poor hygiene and various viral infections.

Smoking stomatitis is a type of keratosis that develops on the oral mucosa of smokers. It occurs as a result of constant trauma to the roof of the mouth, cheeks and tongue, like irritation from a cigarette or pipe.

Despite the fact that stomatitis is considered by many to be a safe disease, it is this type of stomatitis, caused by many years of smoking, that leads to the formation of cancerous tumors.

Stages of development

Smoking causes most problems and diseases that require immediate intervention. So, than older age smoker, the high probability lesions from nicotine stomatitis, and the more acute its form.

In smokers, stomatitis affects the hard/soft palate, because the smoke stream hits exactly that place. As a result, the tissue structure changes: the oral mucosa becomes hard, rough and white. Thus, areas of inflammation appear on the palate.

Symptoms of the disease

In most cases, this disease is painless, but there are following symptoms. With stomatitis caused by smoking, the palate becomes inflamed, roughness and inflamed papules appear. The sky is covered with white and reddish spots. The resulting papules are raised above the mucosa, and the mucosa itself acquires a grayish-white cloudy tint. In most cases, the papules do not grow together, but are located close to each other. With this type of stomatitis, swelling of the salivary glands may occur.

The presence of stomatitis prevents operations in the oral cavity and prosthetics. This is due to the fact that the inflamed oral mucosa reacts painfully to mechanical influences, therefore, before starting the procedures, it is necessary to cure the disease.

How to treat?

Fortunately, treating this type of stomatitis is not difficult. It is based on several principles. The first is to quit smoking, that is, eliminate the irritant. You should avoid hot food and drinks. As soon as a heavy smoker quits smoking, the inflamed oral mucosa begins to reversible process and returns to normal.

Remember, if you quit smoking, then hope for full recovery stupid. It is, of course, necessary to consult a doctor. Folk remedies Doctors do not recommend using it. They are inclined to treat the disease by rinsing the mouth and taking medications, because their action and effect have been tested.

If the patient quits smoking, the healing process will speed up.

Can “smoker's stomatitis” develop into cancer?

Do not think that this disease, caused by heavy smoking, is immediately a harbinger cancer. In most cases, its development into cancer occurs only in smokers “with fire inside”.

There is also an increase in cancer cells in heavy smokers regular cigarettes or cigars. This is caused by the poor quality of the raw materials from which the cigars/cigarettes are made. Thus, the chemicals contained in cigarettes and released with smoke can damage the mucous membranes of the mouth and create favorable conditions for the growth of bacteria.

Depending on the reasons that caused the development of the disease, they distinguish between nicotine, contact and aphthous.

Nicotine stomatitis

Nicotine stomatitis, or smoker's palate, is a lesion of the mucous membrane of the palate and is observed in people who smoke tobacco.

Mucous membrane hard palate takes on a whitish or grayish-white appearance with red dots.

About 30% of smokers suffer from nicotine stomatitis, this figure is even higher - 60% - among pipe smokers or hookah. The success of treatment is quitting smoking.

Contact stomatitis

Contact stomatitis is an inflammatory reaction of the oral mucosa upon contact with irritants or allergens. Contact stomatitis often goes unnoticed due to weak clinical symptoms and goes away without consequences after stopping contact with the allergen.

Aphthous stomatitis

Aphthous stomatitis is one of the most common lesions of the oral mucosa and is classified as follows.

• Simple aphthous stomatitis(87% of all cases), in which from one to five ulcers (ulcers) are formed, the diameter of each lesion does not exceed 1 cm. These ulcers heal without scars within 7-10 days.
• Complex aphthous stomatitis(7-10% of all cases), in which the number of ulcers can reach 10, some with a diameter exceeding 1 cm. Ulcers can last up to 6 weeks, lead to discomfort when swallowing and the formation of extensive scars. The genitals and perianal area may also be affected.
• Aphthous stomatitis herpetiformis(7-10% of all cases) - from 10 to 100 ulcers with a diameter of 1-2 cm are formed simultaneously, which merge into large areas of ulceration that does not heal for 7-10 days. This form of stomatitis superficially resembles stomatitis caused by a virus.

Aphthous stomatitis: why ulcers appear

The cause of aphthous stomatitis is unknown. The following predisposing factors for the development of this disease are noted.

1. Injuries to the oral mucosa, which may occur when:

• brushing your teeth;
• dental procedures that may cause mucosal irritation (for example, dentures or plates);
• eating dry foods with sharp edges (for example, crackers or chips).

2. Emotional stress.

3. Systemic health problems:

• herpes virus;
• avitaminosis;
• Crohn's disease and nonspecific ulcerative colitis etc.

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis

Basically, the treatment is nonspecific and has the following goals:

• anesthesia;
• elimination functional disorders by suppressing inflammatory reactions;
• reduction in relapse rates;
• reducing the risk of new ulcers.

Components of treatment:

• diet;
• products containing analgesics, anesthetics, antiseptics, anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, sucralfate, tetracycline suspension, silver nitrate are used locally for rinses and lotions;
• when aphthous stomatitis is associated with systemic diseases Immunomodulators, antimetabolites, and alkylating agents are used strictly as prescribed by the doctor.