Adult nephrologist. A highly specialized nephrologist: who is he and what does he treat, for what symptoms should you consult a doctor?

Nephrologist is a doctor who diagnoses, treats, and prevents kidney disease.

Consultation and appointment with a nephrologist is necessary if: pain in the lumbar region, accompanied by sweating, fever and headache, as well as hepatic colic.

➤ On our portal you can choose your nephrologist from the best clinics Moscow and make an appointment with him online or by phone. Questionnaires of specialists with information about their work experience, education, as well as patient reviews will help you find a good nephrologist.

Frequently asked questions:

Where to find a good nephrologist?

You can find a good nephrologist on the website. Here you can choose a specialist based on criteria that are important to you.

You can look at patient reviews of nephrologists in Moscow and choose the right specialist. It is also worth paying attention to the doctor’s education and work experience indicated in the application form.

Which nephrology clinic should I go to?

Choosing a clinic is not an easy task. On our website you can find a suitable nephrology center based on patient reviews and clinic ratings.

Nephrologist-urologist

A nephrologist is a general practitioner who has received additional education in the narrow field of nephrology. Engaged only in the diagnosis and treatment of kidneys. A urologist is a doctor who has knowledge of the entire urinary system, including the treatment of kidney disease.

How is an appointment with a nephrologist?

At the beginning of the appointment, the nephrologist will always listen to the patient’s complaints, conduct initial examination, ask about predisposition to kidney diseases and urinary system. In order to make a conclusion and formulate a diagnosis, the patient is sent for tests and medical examination: Ultrasound, CT, MRI, scintigraphy and others. After clarifying the diagnosis, the nephrologist develops a treatment plan, monitors (for repeated visits from patients) and monitors the improvement in indicators over time until complete recovery.

How to prepare for an appointment with a nephrologist?

If you have a nephrologist waiting for your appointment, you must be prepared to visit a specialist. You are prohibited from eating 12 hours before visiting the clinic. The patient should not drink a lot of liquid a couple of days before the appointment. It is also worth excluding some medicines, a list of which must be reviewed by the attending physician. Drinking alcohol-containing drinks the day before an examination by a nephrologist is strictly prohibited. The same goes for smoking.

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Pay attention! The information on the page is provided for informational purposes only. To prescribe treatment, consult your doctor.

A nephrologist is a specialist who deals with all pathologies of the kidneys and those organs that are associated with them, i.e. diseases urinary system. The name of this branch of medicine comes from the Greek word nefros, which means “kidney.” A nephrologist diagnoses all available methods(they are fully represented in the capital), makes a diagnosis and prescribes treatment.

What do nephrologists do?

As everyone knows, in the body healthy person there are two kidneys located on the sides of the spine, in the lumbar region. This one is vital important organ removes from the body all unnecessary and harmful substances. If the kidney stops working, the body becomes polluted, and general toxicity begins.

Contact a nephrologist to get full diagnostics. Based on its results, you will be prescribed treatment, and in the future, prevention of relapses. Nephrologists study and treat pathologies:

• kidney;
• ureters;
• bladder;
• urethra.

Outpatient treatment is provided in Moscow chronic exacerbations, and sometimes acute diseases. Active drug prophylaxis. Sometimes phytoprophylaxis is enough. You will be prescribed a diet and appropriate individual treatment at:

• metabolic disorders;
• acute and chronic pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis;
• lupus, chronic interstitial nephritis;
• kidney damage, including drugs;
• vascular, urate, diabetic nephropathy;
• urinary tract infections;
• urolithiasis;
• hypertension with kidney damage;
• amyloidosis;
• renal failure

What symptoms should you contact a nephrologist for?

You should contact Moscow nephrologists with any suspicion of emerging pathologies in order to begin treating the disease at an early stage, without leading to irreversible processes.

Symptoms of common nephrological diseases include:

• anuria;
• polyuria and oliguria;
• protein in urine;
• blood in urine;
• arterial hypertension;
• renal failure;
• kidney inflammation;
• renal colic;
• infectious lesions of the urinary system.

Besides general analyzes urine, feces, ECG, nephrologists in Moscow can send the patient to additional examination using:

• radiography of the kidneys, including radioisotope;
• retrograde pyelography;
• intravenous urography;
• pneumoperitoneum;
• chromocystoscopy;
• scanning,
• biopsies.

How to become a nephrologist?

In order to become a professional nephrologist, you need to graduate in Moscow from the Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis at one of the major universities in the capital, such as:

• MMA im. THEM. Sechenov;
• North-Western State Medical University named after. I.I. Mechnikov;
• MMSU;
• FPDO MGMSU;
• MONIKA them. M.F. Vladimirsky;
• RMAPO;
• National Medical and Surgical Center named after. N.I. Pirogov.

Famous Moscow specialists

Nephrology as a science began to develop at the very beginning of the last century. Its founder is considered to be the Englishman Bright. It was only in the 60s that it was identified as an independent clinical specialty, but kidneys in Rus' have been studied since ancient times. Already in the 9th century they stood out among traditional healers"stone cutters" who recognized and surgically removed stones from the bladder.

In 1654, under the Apothecary Order, which existed in Moscow since 1654, the first Russian medical school was founded, where they taught techniques for bladder catheterization, circumcision, castration, and so on. Already in 1765, the treatment of kidney diseases completely switched to professional doctors after the opening of the medical faculty at Moscow University. It was led successively by Hildebrandt, Paul, Inozemtsev, who paid special attention to nephrology.

Pirogov made a major contribution to science in Moscow. Much credit for the development of nephrology belongs to Zablotsky-Desyatovsky, Matyushenkov, Sinitsyn, kidney surgeons Bobrov, Sklifosovsky, Kosinsky, Kadyan, Fedorov and many others. Nephrologists and surgeons Frumkin, Solovov, Bogdanov, Epshtein, Fronshtein, Topchan, Lezhnev, Abrahamyan, Pytel and others worked in Moscow.

A nephrologist is a specialist who diagnoses, treats and prevents kidney disease. It makes sense to assume the relevance of kidney disease when symptoms such as lower back pain, cessation or slight reduction in urination, the appearance of blood or protein in the urine appear (in some cases, these manifestations are noted visually, in some - when taking tests, which is additionally confirmed directly by a specialist , studying their results). Meanwhile, in some cases and at some stages of kidney disease, symptoms may be absent, which is why their diagnosis is somewhat complicated.

If we dwell on what a nephrologist treats, then here, as the reader might have already guessed, we're talking about about kidney diseases, they, in turn, can occur traditionally in acute or chronic form.

What diseases does a nephrologist treat?

There are a number of diseases that are treated by a nephrologist. In particular, the following options can be distinguished:

• urolithiasis;
• glomerulonephritis (a pathology in which immune damage to the renal glomeruli occurs);
• hypertension in combination with renal pathology;
• nephritis;
• pyelonephritis (an infectious-inflammatory process characterized by damage to the renal parenchyma and pyelocaliceal system);
• drug damage kidneys (damage that develops while taking certain medications);
• Kidney amyloidosis (a pathology in which a metabolic disorder occurs, provoking the formation of a substance such as amyloid, which, in turn, leads to organ damage).

There are somewhat related diseases, due to which patients mistakenly go to see a nephrologist. Although such diseases are related to the kidneys, they imply the need for surgical treatment, among them the following can be distinguished:

• kidney tuberculosis;
• abnormal position or structure of the kidneys;
• the presence of large kidney stones;
• kidney tumor.

The listed pathologies require a visit to another specialist; in this case, you need to consult a urologist who will conduct the appropriate diagnostics and determine further actions regarding treatment.

When to go to a nephrologist?

As already noted, some kidney diseases may occur without specific symptoms, on the basis of which one could assume their relevance. Meanwhile, manifesting itself in an acute or insignificant form, such diseases can lead to the development of complications, they, in turn, can be relevant not only for the urinary system, which in diseases of this area is considered as the basis, but also for cardiovascular system.

As an immediate reason to apply for medical assistance provided by a nephrologist, a number of symptoms are considered, on the basis of which such assistance is extremely necessary. These include the following manifestations:

• Anuria is a condition in which the patient stops urinating completely;
• oliguria – a condition characterized by a pronounced reduction in urination;
• polyuria – a condition characterized by an increase in the volume of urine excreted;
• pain in the lumbar region;
• hematuria – the appearance of blood in the urine;
• proteinuria – the appearance of protein in the urine.

Consultations and observation of a nephrologist are also important for previously identified diseases or acutely manifested conditions, these include the following types:

• renal colic;
• renal failure;
• availability urinary infections;
• acute inflammation kidney (syndrome).

If there is a problem arterial hypertension(that is high blood pressure), then it wouldn’t hurt to visit a nephrologist’s office either - this disorder may indicate the presence chronic disease kidney

Consultation with a nephrologist: when is it necessary for a child?

The development of certain kidney diseases in children is becoming quite common, which, accordingly, requires the appointment of adequate treatment, which is ensured by visiting the specialist we are considering. Pediatric nephrologist necessary when the following symptoms appear:

• swelling ( this symptom is considered even if there is only swelling of the child’s eyes);
• an admixture of mucus and blood is detected in the urine;
• urination has decreased to 1/3 of the normal age norm;
• urination is characterized by an increase in the volume of urine produced;
• the urine has an unusual smell;
• the urine has changed in some way (becomes cloudy, saturated, its consistency has changed, its color has changed, etc.);
• when urinating, the child experiences painful sensations, cries;
• the external genitalia are red, this symptom is constant;
• Nocturnal urination is observed in a child aged 4 years or older.

Nephrologist: what does this specialist do at the appointment?

Traditionally, at an appointment with a nephrologist, like any other doctor, the patient is interviewed about his current complaints. The features of the lifestyle are clarified, general type examination, special emphasis is directed at the reception to identify possible hereditary predisposition the patient to certain kidney diseases and, in general, to diseases of the urinary system.

Tests prescribed by a nephrologist

• tests, based on which it is possible to determine the current level of calcium, creatinine, phosphate, electrolytes and urea;
• biochemical analysis urine and blood, based on the results of which the rate at which erythrocyte sedimentation occurs is specified;
• analysis aimed at studying C-reactive protein.

Based on the data from these analyses, the following instrumental types of research may additionally be prescribed:

• angiography (method x-ray examination kidney area);
• Ultrasound (examines the kidney area, as well as abdominal cavity);
• Kidney CT (computed tomography);
• Kidney MRI (magnetic resonance imaging);
• scintigraphy (radionuclide examination method);
• kidney biopsy.

As for such a question as treatment by a nephrologist, it is based on two main areas:

• specific treatment aimed at eliminating a specific type of disease;
• nephroprotective treatment ( this treatment is a universal treatment option for any pathology relevant to the kidneys).

Preparing to see a nephrologist

Making an appointment with a nephrologist is half the battle; the other part is preparing for a visit to this doctor, which is based on the following basic principles:

• Eating is prohibited 12 hours before the scheduled time of visiting the doctor;
• alcohol consumption and smoking are excluded (also within the above-mentioned period);
• on the eve of the appointment, avoid consuming significant amounts of liquid;
• the use of certain medications is excluded (if possible); if this is necessary due to health conditions, the doctor is informed which specific drug was taken.

Not everyone still knows what a nephrologist treats, attributing to him the ability to understand urological problems. This doctor's specialization is more narrow - he is only interested in studying the functioning of the kidneys. Its competence includes the prevention and elimination of violations.

Nephrology – what is it?

The therapeutic section is intended to study the functioning of the kidneys and possible diseases. People began to learn about what nephrology is interested in and what this concept means relatively recently. This is explained by the youth of the medical section - it is no more than 100 years old. Today he carries out diagnostics, development and improvement of therapeutic measures.

Nephrologist – what does he treat?

The doctor's area of ​​interest includes diseases of various natures that appear as a result of infections, poisoning and inflammation. A nephrologist eliminates the following problems:

• – failure of the interaction of proteins and carbohydrates;
• pathological changes under the influence of long-term medication use;
• kidney stones;
• – bacterial damage;
• infectious problems of the urinary tract;

What does a nephrologist treat in adults?

Problems are classified not only by pathogen, important factor becomes the age of the person. An adult nephrologist is faced with:

• formation of stones;
• nephrogenic diabetes of various origins;
• extensive vascular damage;
• pyelitis;
• gouty kidney;
• polycystic disease;
• nephrogenic anemia;
• kidney tuberculosis.

Some of these problems require another doctor's view because they cannot be cured therapeutically. If the disease does not relate to what the nephrologist treats, then at the next stage it will be recommended surgery. For this reason, you should not delay in identifying any problems that indicate kidney dysfunction; early detection may prevent the need for surgery.

Nephrologist – what does he treat in children?

Disturbances in the functioning of this organ in a child are especially dangerous due to the incomplete formation of the body. For this reason it is required attentive attitude to any manifestations indicating instability of the urinary system. A pediatric nephrologist must conduct an examination if blood is detected in the urine, because this may indicate an attack of renal failure. This is what a nephrologist treats in young patients:

• tubulopathy;
• pyelonephritis;
• nephropathy;
• vasculitis;
• dysplasia;
• urinary tract abnormalities;
• nephritis.

When to contact a nephrologist?

The following points may indicate that the organ is not coping with its functions:

• lack of urine output;
• lumbar pain – symmetrical or on one side;
• excessive urine production;
• renal colic;
• protein or blood in the urine;
• inflammation affecting the organ.

IN in some cases A urologist-nephrologist should perform an examination when there are no obvious indications of this, but there are concomitant diseases. Hypertension often becomes like this. It can form against the background of hidden processes occurring in the kidneys. For this reason, when detected sustainable increase pressure, a doctor’s examination is required to exclude a possible abnormality in the functioning of the organ.

The child should be shown to a specialist in the following cases:

• presence of blood or mucus in the urine;
• crying when urinating;
• swelling, even if it is only swelling of the eyes;
• the color, clarity, or smell of urine has changed;
• urine output has decreased to a third of the usual volume;
• urination at night in children over 4 years of age;
• constant redness of the external genitalia.

Appointment with a nephrologist

Diagnostics is divided into:

• conversation;
• inspection;
• tests;
• instrumental examination.

The nephrologist’s appointment ends with the appointment of treatment, which can fall into one of two categories:

• nephroprotective – restoring kidney function without focusing on the type of disorder;
• specific - eliminating a specific problem.

How is an examination by a nephrologist performed?

First, the doctor conducts a survey, then appointments can be made instrumental examinations and tests. Here's what the nephrologist checks during the conversation:

1. Heredity is the presence of diseases of this system in close relatives.
2. Intoxication – place and nature of work.
3. Lifestyle.
4. Birth weight and term – kidney cells are created in the final months of gestation.

What tests are done by a nephrologist?

After an external examination and communication with the patient, the doctor will offer to donate blood to study a number of indicators. Nephrologist tests evaluate:

• phosphates;
• C-reactive protein;
• creatinine;
• urea;
• erythrocyte sedimentation rate;
• calcium;
• electrolytic composition of urine and blood.

Nephrologist consultation

After receiving the test results, a diagnosis is made and a treatment regimen is drawn up. If the information received is not enough, then the consultation with a nephrologist may continue with the appointment of additional examinations.

1. Ultrasound. Shows shadows of kidney stones.
2. CT. Required to identify organic lesions.
3. Biopsy. Taken for histological examination.
4. Angiography (X-ray). Detects lesions renal arteries and vessels.
5. Scintigraphy (injection of a small volume of radioactive substances). Effective for detection early stages neoplasms.
6. Selective arteriography. Needed to assess the condition of blood vessels.

Before diagnostic examinations The following rules must be observed.

1. Stop smoking and drinking alcohol 12 hours before your visit.
2. For the same time you need to abstain from eating.
3. During the day you need to reduce your fluid intake to a minimum.
4. It is recommended to refrain from taking medications unless they are essential. If it is impossible to stop the course, you need to inform the doctor about this so that he takes into account the effect of the drugs on the result of the study.

In the presence of such diseases, it is important to follow the recommendations of the nephrologist in order to prevent their progress or achieve complete cure. This cannot be taken lightly because organ transplantation is complex and replacement through dialysis imposes many restrictions. It is better not to need information about what a nephrologist is treating, but this is not easy to achieve. It is necessary to adopt a lifestyle that helps reduce concentration uric acid, its dissolution and removal.

1. Refusal fried foods, smoked meats, sweets, salted fish, spicy foods, bone broths and meat soups. Instead, it is suggested to eat sprouted wheat grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, and drink juices.
2. Use herbal decoctions, watermelons, at least 1.5-2 liters clean water per day.
3. Moderate physical activity, walks in the fresh air.
4. If there are problems with fluid outflow or edema, it is recommended to reduce salt intake, which contributes to water retention. It is impossible to completely abandon it; a severe disturbance of the electrolyte balance will lead to even greater problems.
5. Reducing alcohol consumption or complete failure from him.
6. Avoiding hypothermia, especially in the lumbar region.