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Adult nephrologist. Nephrologist - what treats in adults and children

Patients often ask, who is a nephrologist? What does the doctor treat? Are there any differences from a urologist?

A nephrologist is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing conservative treatment renal pathologies. A doctor's help is needed for inflammation, infectious lesions, and the accumulation of salt deposits. A nephrologist is consulted for polycystic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, renal failure. Deviations in urine tests, even without the presence of pronounced symptoms, are a reason to visit a specialist.

What does the doctor treat?

Specialization - conservative therapy of diseases of natural filters. General practitioner with higher education medical education deals with the treatment of men and women, a separate area is pediatric nephrology. When choosing a doctor, it is important to take into account his qualifications, experience, and find out patient reviews.

Common kidney diseases:

  • (in bean-shaped organs);
  • spicy and;
  • - metabolic problems that provoke the formation of amyloid;
  • toxic damage to natural filters after consuming nephrotoxic drugs, surrogate alcohol, poisons, contaminated water and food;
  • and hypertension affecting the bean-shaped organs;
  • - damage to the renal glomeruli. The pathology is of an immuno-allergic nature;
  • - the disease develops when;
  • . The inflammatory process against the background of the penetration of harmful microorganisms and opportunistic flora occurs in the parenchyma and pyelocaliceal system;
  • . This category includes pathologies of an inflammatory nature;
  • tumor process in kidney tissue. The formations are benign; in some patients, the doctor detects malignant tissue damage. Common pathology - . The surgical intervention is performed by a surgeon in a urological hospital; if cancer is detected, the patient is observed by a urological oncologist;
  • . Dangerous condition with severe symptoms. The main sign is pronounced pain syndrome, developing with glomerulonephritis, infectious lesions of the bean-shaped organs. The pain spreads to the abdomen, groin, legs, the patient feels nauseous, vomiting is possible, blood pressure rises, and often develops pain shock, blood clots appear in the urine;
  • . As a result of a sharp decrease in fat layer, in case of injuries, congenital disorders bean-shaped organs are located incorrectly: it provokes problems with the functioning of natural filters. The nephrologist performs the diagnosis, and the problem is eliminated in the urology hospital by another doctor.

A specialist observes patients after bean-shaped organ transplantation, if it is detected.

Algorithm of work of a nephrologist:

  • interviewing the patient, studying complaints and anamnesis;
  • clarification of the clinical picture of the pathology, assessment of the test results with which the patient came to the appointment;
  • determination of a possible list of pathologies of natural filters, referral for diagnostics: urine collection, blood test, instrumental studies;
  • data evaluation diagnostic studies, determination of the type and form of the disease;
  • selection of therapy methods, if necessary - referral to a urological hospital for conservative therapy (severe forms pathologies) or surgical treatment;
  • tips for drinking regime, lifestyle changes, diet selection, indication of restrictions in everyday life And professional activities to prevent complications or relapses;
  • recommendations for the prevention of renal pathologies, scheduling follow-up appointments.

Pediatric nephrology

Pediatric nephrologist examines and treats young patients using drug therapy when detecting kidney diseases. The doctor also deals birth defects bean-shaped organs, studies homeostasis disorders in a child, and finds out the causes of deviations.

Signs of kidney damage:

  • the amount of urine increases or decreases sharply;
  • the child complains of pain when passing urine;
  • After four years, the child has frequent bowel movements bladder at night;
  • the stream of urine is intermittent, the pressure is weak, after emptying the child complains that he wants to go to the toilet again;
  • change in the shade of urine, the appearance of foreign impurities;
  • V lumbar region pain is felt, small children are capricious, crying;
  • with acute inflammation, the temperature rises, nausea and vomiting appear, and weakness develops.

List of diseases:

  • developmental abnormalities of the genitourinary system;
  • familial nephropathies;
  • nephritis against the background of hemorrhagic vasculitis;
  • development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome;
  • tubulopathies;
  • urolithiasis, other types of dysmetabolic nephropathy;
  • and kidney prolapse.

When you need urgent specialist advice

Don't hesitate to visit to a specialist when the following symptoms appear:

  • paroxysmal, sharp or aching, dull, persistent pain in the lower back;
  • blood appeared in the urine;
  • urine analysis shows serious abnormalities;
  • pressure often rises due to discomfort in the lumbar region;
  • in the morning the eyelids and legs swell;
  • Pain is felt during emptying of the bladder;
  • diagnosed with diabetes mellitus;
  • the color and smell of urine has changed dramatically;
  • the volume of urine has noticeably decreased or increased against the background of the usual drinking regime.

Warning! Many renal pathologies in initial stage don't show pronounced signs. Delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment leads to the development dangerous defeats parenchyma, tissue necrosis, serious disruptions in the functioning of bean-shaped organs, up to terminal stage renal failure. Active inflammatory process, spread dangerous bacteria in the body can provoke serious complications, conditions at risk fatal outcome. For this reason, it is important to take a urine test every year in order to recognize deviations at the first stage of pathological changes and prevent irreversible processes.

Diagnosis of kidney pathologies

After a conversation with the patient, the nephrologist refers for examination. It is important to listen to the doctor’s recommendations, take all tests, and do...

At the appointment, the doctor tells patients the rules for preparing for blood donation, urine collection, ultrasound examination, biopsy, and other types of research. Only if you follow the recommendations will the test result be accurate.

Diagnostic methods:

  • bacterial culture of urine;

Additional research:

  • angiography;
  • ultrasound examination of bean-shaped organs;
  • excretory;
  • conducting and natural filters.

Nephrologist and urologist: what is the difference

There are not only similarities in the work of specialists, but also differences. Nephrologist - general practitioner narrow specialization. The doctor treats kidney pathologies without surgical intervention. In small populated areas In medical institutions there is often no position of a nephrologist; his duties are performed by a urologist - a doctor of broad specialization.

Find out what it is like in the fetus and how to treat developmental pathologies.

Indications for use of Norbactin for urological diseases described on the page.

Note:

  • treats pathologies of the genitourinary area, deals with “male” diseases (pathologies of the prostate, tumor process, defects and lesions of the penis, erectile dysfunction). The specialist’s competence also includes performing operations on urological patients;
  • nephrologist is a highly specialized doctor who deals with renal pathologies. The doctor selects medications for conservative therapy. After a kidney transplant, the doctor monitors the patient;
  • Unlike a nephrologist, a urologist combines medications with surgery.

Which doctor should I contact?

During development negative symptoms, indicating problems with the urinary tract, genitals, and kidneys, patients do not always know who will help them: a nephrologist or a urologist. The best way out is to visit a therapist and talk about clinical picture, pass general analysis blood and urine. Next, the doctor will refer you to specialists with the research data.

If there are signs of kidney disease, then you need to visit a nephrologist. If you suspect, inflammatory processes in the urinary tract, problems with sexual function, you will need the help of a urologist. If staffing table If the position of a nephrologist is not provided, then diagnosis and treatment is carried out by a doctor of broad specialization - a urologist.

TO possible diseases bean-shaped organs should be taken seriously: neglected cases glomerulonephritis, hydronephrosis, nephropathies are often complicated by renal failure. Disruption of the functioning of natural filters in the absence of treatment provokes intoxication of the body and causes life-threatening conditions. If signs indicating kidney problems appear, it is important to consult a nephrologist. If the hospital does not have a specialist doctor, then a urologist provides assistance to the patient.

Learn more about what diseases a nephrologist treats in the following video:

A neurologist (neuropathologist is an outdated name for a specialist) diagnoses and treats the nervous system and injuries to the nerves, brain and spinal cord. He also heals peripheral nerves, muscles and autonomic nervous system, as well as blood vessels associated with these structures. In addition, this doctor specializes in brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, migraine, meningitis, Guillain Bar syndrome, myasthenia gravis, brain tumors and brain infections, children's cerebral palsy, dyspraxia and dementia.

Neurologist treats traumatic injuries brain and head injuries, stroke, coma, disorders cerebral circulation and hypoxia. Disorders nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Charcot's disease), viral and bacterial encephalitis, infections of the brain and spinal cord, herpes zoster. Sleep disorders and problems with the sense of smell and taste. Neurologists conduct various tests, such as nerve conduction tests.

Neurology: the study and treatment of diseases of the nervous system. A neurologist helps patients who have complications from stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease and other brain diseases.

Nephrologist

Nephrologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases and urinary tract. In case of deviations in diagnostic tests urine, patients are referred to a nephrologist. This specialist also monitors the condition of dialysis patients, sets dietary restrictions for kidney disease and dialysis patients, and consults with surgeons regarding kidney transplants and endoscopy of the renal system.

A nephrologist is a specialist who diagnoses, treats and prevents kidney disease. It makes sense to assume the relevance of kidney disease when symptoms such as lower back pain, cessation or slight reduction in urination, the appearance of blood or protein in the urine appear (in some cases, these manifestations are noted visually, in some - when taking tests, which is additionally confirmed directly by a specialist , studying their results). Meanwhile, in some cases and at some stages of kidney disease, symptoms may be absent, which is why their diagnosis is somewhat complicated.

If we dwell on what a nephrologist treats, then here, as the reader might have already guessed, we're talking about about kidney diseases, they, in turn, can occur traditionally in acute or chronic form.

What diseases does a nephrologist treat?

There are a number of diseases that are treated by a nephrologist. In particular, the following options can be distinguished:

  • urolithiasis;
  • glomerulonephritis (a pathology in which immune damage to the renal glomeruli occurs);
  • hypertension in combination with renal pathology;
  • nephritis;
  • pyelonephritis (an infectious-inflammatory process characterized by damage to the renal parenchyma and pyelocaliceal system);
  • drug damage kidneys (damage that develops while taking certain medications);
  • Kidney amyloidosis (a pathology in which a metabolic disorder occurs, provoking the formation of a substance such as amyloid, which, in turn, leads to organ damage).

There are somewhat related diseases, due to which patients mistakenly go to see a nephrologist. Although such diseases are related to the kidneys, they imply the need for surgical treatment, among them the following can be distinguished:

  • kidney tuberculosis;
  • abnormal position or structure of the kidneys;
  • the presence of large kidney stones;
  • kidney tumor.

The listed pathologies require a visit to another specialist; in this case, you need to consult a urologist who will conduct the appropriate diagnostics and determine further actions regarding treatment.

When to go to a nephrologist?

As already noted, some kidney diseases may occur without specific symptoms, on the basis of which one could assume their relevance. Meanwhile, manifesting itself in an acute or insignificant form, such diseases can lead to the development of complications, they, in turn, can be relevant not only for the urinary system, which in diseases of this area is considered as the basis, but also for cardiovascular system.

As an immediate reason to apply for medical assistance provided by a nephrologist, a number of symptoms are considered, on the basis of which such assistance is extremely necessary. These include the following manifestations:

  • Anuria is a condition in which the patient stops urinating completely;
  • oliguria – a condition characterized by a pronounced reduction in urination;
  • polyuria – a condition characterized by an increase in the volume of urine excreted;
  • pain in the lumbar region;
  • hematuria – the appearance of blood in the urine;
  • proteinuria – the appearance of protein in the urine.

Consultations and observation of a nephrologist are also important for previously identified diseases or acutely manifested conditions, these include the following types:

  • renal colic;
  • renal failure;
  • presence of urinary infections;
  • acute inflammation kidney (syndrome).

If there is a problem arterial hypertension(that is high blood pressure), then it wouldn’t hurt to visit a nephrologist’s office either - this disorder may indicate the presence chronic disease kidney

Consultation with a nephrologist: when is it necessary for a child?

The development of certain kidney diseases in children is becoming quite common, which, accordingly, requires the appointment of adequate treatment, which is ensured by visiting the specialist we are considering. A pediatric nephrologist is needed if the following symptoms appear:

  • swelling ( this symptom is considered even if only swelling of the child’s eyes is noted);
  • an admixture of mucus and blood is detected in the urine;
  • urination has decreased to 1/3 of the normal age norm;
  • urination is characterized by an increase in the volume of urine produced;
  • the urine has an unusual smell;
  • the urine has changed in some way (becomes cloudy, saturated, its consistency has changed, its color has changed, etc.);
  • when urinating, the child experiences painful sensations, cries;
  • the external genitalia are red, this symptom is constant;
  • Nocturnal urination is observed in a child aged 4 years or older.

Nephrologist: what does this specialist do at the appointment?

Traditionally, at an appointment with a nephrologist, like any other doctor, the patient is interviewed about his current complaints. The features of the lifestyle are clarified, general type examination, special emphasis is directed at the reception to identify possible hereditary predisposition the patient to certain kidney diseases and, in general, to diseases of the urinary system.

Tests prescribed by a nephrologist

  • tests, based on which it is possible to determine the current level of calcium, creatinine, phosphate, electrolytes and urea;
  • biochemical analysis urine and blood, based on the results of which the rate at which erythrocyte sedimentation occurs is specified;
  • analysis aimed at studying C-reactive protein.

Based on the data from these analyses, the following instrumental types of research may additionally be prescribed:

As for such a question as treatment by a nephrologist, it is based on two main areas:

  • specific treatment aimed at eliminating a specific type of disease;
  • nephroprotective treatment ( this treatment is a universal treatment option for any pathology relevant to the kidneys).

Preparing to see a nephrologist

Making an appointment with a nephrologist is half the battle; the other part is preparing for a visit to this doctor, which is based on the following basic principles:

  • Eating is prohibited 12 hours before the scheduled time of visiting the doctor;
  • alcohol consumption and smoking are excluded (also within the above-mentioned period);
  • on the eve of the appointment, avoid consuming significant amounts of liquid;
  • the use of certain medications is excluded (if possible); if this is necessary due to the state of health, the doctor is informed which specific drug was taken.

Nephrologist is a specialist involved in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of kidney diseases.

The presence of kidney pathology can be assumed when symptoms appear such as pain in the lumbar region, a decrease in the amount of urine excreted, painful, frequent or, conversely, rare urination or absence of urine for a long time, changes in the color of urine, its transparency, the appearance of blood in the urine ( in some cases, these manifestations are noted visually, in some - when taking tests, which is additionally confirmed directly by the specialist studying their results), unmotivated increase in body temperature, increased blood pressure.

In some cases and at some stages, kidney disease can be asymptomatic, in which case timely diagnosis of kidney disease is somewhat complicated.

Kidney diseases are divided into acute and chronic.

What diseases does a nephrologist treat?

There are a number of diseases that are treated by a nephrologist, these are: urolithiasis; spicy and chronic glomerulonephritis, sharp and chronic pyelonephritis, toxic lesions kidney (including drugs), renal amyloidosis, diabetic nephropathy, nephropathy of pregnancy, pyelitis, ascending urinary infections, kidney damage due to systemic diseases(systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty nephritis, systemic vasculitis and vasculopathy), kidney diseases in cancer patients (paraneoplastic nephritis).

The insidiousness of some kidney diseases is that they often long time are asymptomatic, leading to acute or chronic renal failure, therefore, if any of the above symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a specialist.

At the appointment, the nephrologist will definitely clarify the complaints, study the history of the development of the disease, and prescribe the necessary examination. According to indications, the examination plan may include laboratory tests urine and blood, ultrasound and x-ray examinations.

Who should see a nephrologist?

It is also recommended to consult a nephrologist:

Consultation with a nephrologist will help identify nephropathy in early stage and spend preventive treatment. Timely diagnosis and treatment will help protect against an unfavorable outcome of the disease.

If you have the symptoms or diseases listed in the article, you can make an appointment with a nephrologist at our hospital Alexandra Anatolyevna Kulikovskaya .

Alexandra Anatolyevna Kulikovskaya after graduating from the Russian National Research medical university them. N.I. Pirogova worked as a general practitioner in 2011. Then Anna Anatolyevna completed advanced training courses at the Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after. M.F. Vladimirsky, at the Department of Transplantology. In 2015, she received a certificate as a nephrologist and began working in this specialty at city clinic No. 67 in Moscow. Since 2017, Anna Anatolyevna Kulikovskaya has been working at City Clinical Hospital No. 13. Anna Kulikovskaya is a member of the Dialysis Society Association (RDS), a member of the Russian Nephrological Society (RNO).

Nephrologist is a doctor who diagnoses, treats, and prevents kidney disease.

Consultation and appointment with a nephrologist is necessary if: pain in the lumbar region, accompanied by sweating, fever and headache, as well as hepatic colic.

➤ On our portal you can choose your nephrologist from the best clinics Moscow and make an appointment with him online or by phone. Questionnaires of specialists with information about their work experience, education, as well as patient reviews will help you find a good nephrologist.

Frequently asked questions:

Where to find a good nephrologist?

You can find a good nephrologist on the website. Here you can choose a specialist based on criteria that are important to you.

You can look at patient reviews of nephrologists in Moscow and choose the right specialist. It is also worth paying attention to the doctor’s education and work experience indicated in the application form.

Which nephrology clinic should I go to?

Choosing a clinic is not an easy task. On our website you can find a suitable nephrology center based on patient reviews and clinic ratings.

Nephrologist-urologist

A nephrologist is a general practitioner who has received additional education in the narrow field of nephrology. Engaged only in the diagnosis and treatment of kidneys. A urologist is a doctor who has knowledge of the entire urinary system, including the treatment of kidney disease.

How is an appointment with a nephrologist?

At the beginning of the appointment, the nephrologist will always listen to the patient’s complaints, conduct initial examination, ask about predisposition to kidney diseases and urinary system. In order to make a conclusion and formulate a diagnosis, the patient is sent for tests and medical examination: Ultrasound, CT, MRI, scintigraphy and others. After clarifying the diagnosis, the nephrologist develops a treatment plan, monitors (for repeated visits from patients) and monitors the improvement in indicators over time until complete recovery.

How to prepare for an appointment with a nephrologist?

If you have a nephrologist waiting for your appointment, you must be prepared to visit a specialist. You are prohibited from eating 12 hours before visiting the clinic. The patient should not drink a lot of liquid a couple of days before the appointment. It is also worth excluding some medicines, a list of which must be reviewed by the attending physician. Drinking alcoholic beverages the day before an examination by a nephrologist is strictly prohibited. The same goes for smoking.

How does recording via DocDoc work?

Doctors’ questionnaires on the DocDoc website or in mobile application. You can make an appointment online by selecting the required date and time, or by phone.

Pay attention! The information on the page is provided for informational purposes only. To prescribe treatment, consult your doctor.