When opening a car wash, the business is coordinated taking into account the requirements of the following organizations:

1. With Rospotrebnadzor (SES).
2. Ministry emergency situations(Ministry of Emergency Situations).
3. State Fire Supervision.
4. Architectural management.
5. Environmentalists.
6. Traffic police

Each of these services has its own requirements for the territory, premises/building, personnel (if any), and equipment of the enterprise.

When providing services, the organization will use the appropriate engineering networks:

• sewer;
• water supply;
• electrical networks.

The corresponding services will impose certain requirements on the equipment connected to these networks, the premises (its location) and other parameters. For example, the SES carefully monitors the quality of water coming from the water supply and waste water, as well as the lighting in the personnel workplace, if it is not a mobile wash. The Ministry of Emergency Situations is vigilant about safety precautions when working with electrical networks; fire safety and all related equipment are under the supervision of a fire inspector.

Requirements of Rospotrebnadzor and environmentalists

This group includes the requirements of environmentalists and Rospotrebnadzor regarding:

• lighting;
• ventilation;
• water quality;
• ensuring the safety of car wash staff and customers;
• ensuring safety and comfort for the population in terms of environmental safety.

SES workers check the level of noise, vibration, ultra-, infrasound and other elements based on a complaint from the population. This organization has the right to take air samples. Harmful substances in it cannot exceed the maximum permissible concentrations established by GOST.

Legislative acts regulating the operation of car washes

The main document that a car wash owner should familiarize himself with is SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03. It is also worth checking out:

• with Federal Law 53 of March 30, 1999.
• PP No. 554 dated June 24, 2000.
• c Decree of the Chief Sanitary Inspector No. 38 of April 10, 2003.

The commission developing this SanPiN relied on these documents. In addition, the activities of car washes are regulated by:

• Federal Law-96 dated December 19, 1991.
• Water Code of the Russian Federation No. 167 of November 16, 1995.

The latest acts concern water as a consumable material for the operation of an enterprise.

Requirements for the personnel of a washing enterprise are regulated by Resolution of the Chief Doctor of the SES No. 100 of May 26, 2003.

The lighting system is regulated both by the light emitted and by the possibility of choosing equipment. The documents you should pay attention to are the following:

The requirements for the ventilation system at car washes are regulated by SNiP 2.01.57-85.

The design of this system is regulated by:

Hardware requirements

Sanitary authorities mainly make requirements:

• to water treatment equipment;
• lighting in the work area.

So, after washing vehicles, water becomes contaminated with detergents, mechanical elements (dirt, dust, sand, etc.), entering the sewer it must be purified to the permitted degrees of contamination.

It is prohibited to discharge wastewater into the city sewer system. Therefore, car washes:

• or use special cleaning equipment;
• or install water recycling systems.

The choice of washing equipment is at the discretion of the owner. Popular brands today are: FloTenk, Aros, Skat, UKO, Folamingo. For any equipment (including cleaning equipment) the following is required:

• Certificates.
• Permissive conclusion from the SES.
• Installation certificates.

But when starting work and taking over a shift, all equipment must be in working order. An employee starting work must ensure the integrity of the hoses before starting the work cycle. high pressure and a water vacuum cleaner (if such equipment is available), and a container for waste water (it must be empty and cleaned). These requirements must be specified in the safety instructions.

Personnel requirements

The main requirement for personnel from the SES is to undergo medical examinations:

• when starting a job;
• periodic.

This is due to the fact that this type labor refers to work with hazards. Such working conditions are considered unfavorable for employees. And their health should be monitored by a medical commission.

Water requirements

Technical water is used. But since many car washes provide for human contact with water, not only the water “out”, that is, waste water, is checked, but also “in”, that is, used for washing cars. And it should not be harmless to humans. Water requirements are specified in MU 2.1.5.1183-03.

Effluent requirements

The owner of a car wash or a person to whom this authority has been delegated from among the staff must regularly check wastewater for the content of:

• suspensions;
• petroleum products;
• number of colibacteria and coliphages;
• thermophilic bacteria.

The color, smell, transparency of water and its bio- and chemical oxygen demand are also checked. Standards for these parameters are contained in MU 2.1.5.1183-03. The main water pollutants during the operation of these enterprises are:

• petroleum products;
• suspended solids;
• detergents.

If used and contaminated water enters the general sewer system, the car wash owner needs to ensure that the content of gases that can form explosive compounds (cyanides, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide) is contained in the effluent at the MPC level. The following should be contained in wastewater within the limits specified in the standards:

• substances prone to combustion, including fuels and lubricants;
• connections that are deposited on the pipe walls and impair performance sewer system(various detergents, mechanical debris of varying degrees of dispersion);
• radioactive compounds;
• chemical elements that destroy or catalyze the destruction of the sewerage system;
• compounds that are difficult to oxidize using the biomethod.

Under no circumstances should wastewater containing components not regulated by environmental services be discharged into the sewer system. These effluents must not contain substances that can cause chemical reactions release ether (more than 20 mg/l), sulfates in amounts exceeding 500 mg/l and chlorides from 350 mg/l. When taking water samples, the total dry residue cannot exceed 2000 mg/l.

Requirements for the room, site and sanitary zone

The requirements for the sanitary zone (SPZ) are specified in SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03. Some owners are interested in whether it is possible to revise the size of this zone downwards. According to the changes made by the Chief Sanitary Inspector in 2007, this is possible. But it requires justification for placing this object in a specified location and calculating air pollution.

The size of the protective sanitary zone is determined by the degree of danger of production. There are five of them in total. Car washes are classified as hazard class 4-5, depending on the number of installed posts:

• five or more - hazard class V and, accordingly, a sanitary protection zone of 100 m must be observed;
• from two to five posts - is considered hazard class IV and, accordingly, the sanitary protection zone must be at least 50 m in size.

These are quite strict requirements, considering that car washes are usually located not in the field, but within the city, among residential and office buildings.

Land for the construction of a car wash can only be for technical purposes.

Lighting requirements

The lighting system at a car wash should be:

• ergonomic;
• effective;
• in explosion-proof design.

The comfort of employees during the work process helps to achieve a high level of customer service due to the quality of work performed. This increases customer flow. In the case of lighting, the following is normalized:

• natural (if provided), artificial;
• top, side and combination; with combined lighting, the coefficient of natural light intake (KEO) is taken into account;
• the pulsation indicator and the uniformity of lighting are determined.

The standards are specified in SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1278-03. The requirements, based on the European standardization system, will be as follows:

• ripple in the form of an index (IP) no more than 10%;
• color rendering index (CI) level - 80 Ra;
• discomfort factor 22 UGR;
• illumination level - 750 lux;
• its unevenness is 0.70.

For rooms whose length does not twice overlap their own height, discomfort is not standardized, according to European standards It is better to adhere to this coefficient, but the SES will not check it.

Due to the high aggressiveness of the car wash environment: air humidity, its saturation with water dust, suspension detergents and dirt, the operating conditions of the illuminators are considered severe. Therefore, the requirements for lighting devices are quite strict:

1. Protection class is not lower than first (from electric shock).
2. The presence of a metal explosion-proof housing on the lamps.
3. Level of moisture and dust protection from IP 65.

No illuminator should dazzle workers, that is, protection against glare should be provided. As an example, you can consider a polycarbonate monolithic diffuser. It is impact resistant and diffuses light well. When using portable lights, they must have swivel mounts. To change the backlight angle.

Due to working conditions associated with the risk of electrical injury to personnel, when taking over a shift, workers must check the integrity and serviceability of switchboard and power equipment (if any), and lighting fixtures. It must be in working order and not have visible damage. Do not start work if the insulation of electric lighting equipment is damaged.

Ventilation requirements

Considering that humidity, gas pollution and the presence of various aggressive agents in the air chemical elements the room will be high, it must be equipped with ventilation not only with a supply but also with an exhaust element. All elements of this system:

• must be protected from corrosion;
• plastic is not used as an air duct;
• connections are sealed, including each thread;
• joints on air ducts are sealed with special compounds (sealants).

Air exchange during washing operation standard mode is about 5 air exchange runs/hour. This is less than the requirements laid down in SNiP. When calculating gas exchange for this enterprise, assimilation processes are taken into account by:

• body excretion;
• moisture release;
• harmful gases.

If special treatment of transport is expected, ventilation is arranged according to to the following principle use of the supply and exhaust mechanism:

• with maintaining the air temperature (in cold weather, at least +15°C;

• supplying air to the “clean zone”;
• organization of exhaust with predominant removal of air from the contaminated area (up to 2/3);
• the predominance of exhaust over the supply of air masses (up to 20%);
• Air exchange rate per hour is at least 10.

A standard car wash can be equipped with additional fan equipment to switch it to vehicle sanitation mode. The ventilation system is designed individually for your room. Usually the project is ordered to an organization specializing in this work. Before starting work, commissioning of the ventilation system is required.

Requirements for the design of the consumer corner

Any company, regardless of its form of ownership, must have a so-called consumer corner:

• Stand (preferred).
• A folder if there is no space for the stand.

The stand features:

1. Information about the company (name, form of ownership, tax identification number, address and telephone number).
2. Registration information (copies of registration and tax registration certificates).
3. A copy of the Consumer Protection Act.
4. Book of reviews, suggestions and complaints.
5. Enterprise work schedule.
6. Price list certified by the first person of the organization and seal.

The book of complaints and suggestions is drawn up according to certain rules:

1. The title contains: the name of the enterprise, the date of opening of the book and the signature of the first person.
2. The first page is instructions for filling it out.
3. The second contains information about the persons to whom you can contact with a complaint and their contact information (director, deputy, heads of departments).
4. The third - notifies the client about the authorities supervising the activities of this company, including the address and telephone number of the Russian Federation Potrebnadzor.
5. Next, the book is formed according to a diagram that can be viewed

It is considered ideal if the book is registered with Rospotrebnadzor, its pages are numbered and stitched. But there are no penalties for failure to register. The absence of such a book or refusal to issue it to a client is considered an administrative violation.

Additional information

During the operation of car washes, waste is generated that varies in degree of hardness and danger:

• fluorescent light bulbs;
• garbage received after cleaning household rooms and staff quarters;
• garbage received after cleaning the area (estimates);
• oil sludge;
• sludge obtained during wastewater treatment;
• waste treatment structure in liquid form.

Rospotrebnadzor has the right to request contracts for the cleaning and disposal of all these types of garbage and waste from the enterprise.

Requirements of the State Fire Inspectorate and the Ministry of Emergency Situations

The fire inspectorate imposes requirements on the availability of fire extinguishing means at the enterprise, the presence of a logbook for instructing workers on this issue, the correct development of the ventilation system, and the installation of protective fittings on lighting equipment. A separate issue is the issue of equipping car washes with APS.

Regulatory documents

The regulations that you need to familiarize yourself with when organizing a car wash are as follows:

• Federal Law No. 123 of July 22, 2008 (such facilities do not need to submit a fire safety declaration to the Ministry of Emergency Situations). At the stage of construction of a car wash, it is necessary to strictly comply with clause 12 of Article No. 69
• Federal Law No. 69 of December 21, 1994 ( special attention attention should be paid to the rights and obligations of the entrepreneur specified in Article 37).

This is not everything, but only basic documents.

Premises requirements

According to Article 69 (clause 12) of Federal Law No. 123 of July 22, 2008, the distance from any adjacent buildings of a temporary structure, which is usually a car wash, should be in the range of 6-15 meters. The specific distance is determined by the material used in its construction.

According to Article 28 of Federal Law No. 123, the car wash belongs to the functional safety class F5.1.

Requirements for employees

Workers must be briefed on safety measures at the enterprise, read the instructions and follow all prescribed rules during the working day. They should know:

• where are fire extinguishing equipment located?
• what are their actions in case of fire;
• evacuation plan when staying in a utility room and in a work area in closed car washes;
• When accepting a shift, you need to check the power cable for damage.

The latter will avoid electrical injury and minimize the risk of fire.

Requirements for fire fighting equipment

Standard fire extinguishing means (a fire extinguisher with a calibrated design, a water supply hose, a crowbar, a bucket of sand) must be present in any car wash, despite the fact that the technological process itself requires the presence of means that can extinguish the flame.

Entrepreneurs have many questions when opening washing plants about equipping them with fire warning systems and smoke extractors. Legislative act There is no requirement that all car washes be equipped with automatic control systems. But the relevant structures can, in the process of reviewing the project of your enterprise, determine its hazard class. The fire hazard class depends on:

• Capital/temporality of the structure.
• Its dimensions.
• Floors of the building.
• Some other aspects.

Premises with wet AUPS processes are not protected, according to clause A4 of SP 5.13130, if it is less than 50 m2. If your sink has significant dimensions, it can be divided by partitions into boxes with separate entrances, then each box will be subject to the specified act. You can appeal to SP.12, clause 4.2 (to technological processes). The washing process is almost a way to put out a fire. And we may not be talking about fire hazards at all. But more often, responsible structures indicate fire hazard class B2 (with dimensions up to 50 m2); alarm is not required. If the wash is designed to handle long vehicles, when assigning it class B4, it may require a fire alarm and installation of smoke extractors (in accordance with SP7.13130).

The minimum requirements for fire alarms, actual smoke protection values, fire resistance limits and the ability of equipment to withstand smoke and gas penetration are established experimentally, in accordance with the methods specified in the standards.

Ventilation requirements

The basic requirements for this system (smoke ventilation, air supply and exhaust system, transit channels, flanges, etc.) are as follows:

• high fire resistance ability;
• all materials must be non-flammable;
• channels and seams must meet the tensile strength standards specified in the regulatory documents and be sealed.

All actual parameters are calculated and depend on the volume of the room, the work carried out in it (washing, processing, etc.), and machine flow.

Additional information

A pleasant moment for car wash owners is the fact that the RF GSK (city planners code) allows, according to Article 51, paragraph 17, not to obtain permission from executive authorities for the construction of this building, since it is not considered capital. Rights to this object also do not need to be registered under Article 120 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (clause 2).

All information provided is universal and applies to any washing enterprises. However:

• when organizing freight transport rolling stock posts;
• its sanitization;
• arrangement of large capital washing centers;
• combining a store, car wash, and service.

And in some other cases, more stringent requirements are imposed on this type of enterprise. The project for arranging ventilation will be more complicated; fire safety and smoke control will be required. Additional approvals may be required from various bodies and structures, and additional regulatory acts will be applied.

The number of cars in cities and other populated areas is growing steadily. In this regard, the demand for all services related to cars is growing. Entrepreneurs are increasingly turning their attention to business related to cars: car services, car washes, gas stations.

In what cases is this beneficial?

The prospects for a car wash depend on many factors, including, for example, the level of service, the ability to service both domestic and foreign cars, the availability additional services and their spectrum.

This is a business with little specificity. For those who are wondering whether it is profitable to open a car wash, the main decisive factors there will be liveliness of the chosen area and the absence of nearby competitors.

What do you need to open a car wash?

You should send a written request to the city administration and obtain its consent to open a car wash in the selected area. The period for consideration of such requests is one month.

It is necessary to prepare a preliminary design and coordinate it with municipal architects, as well as obtain approval from the SES, fire inspectorate, and environmental service.

Based on the received technical specifications, a complete set of design documentation is developed. After which you will need to approve it, obtain a positive conclusion from the state examination and permission to build the facility.

Appropriate agreements must be concluded with resource supplying organizations.

Types of car washes

It is better to decide on the type of car wash at the planning stage, because both the size of the investment and the profit will depend on this.

Car washes are divided into:

• mobile;
• manual;
• automatic.

Mobile car washes– a popular and rapidly growing direction. They require little initial investment, and modern detergents allow us to provide very high-quality services.

Manual car washes are divided into:

• contactless;
• contact.

In the first type of car wash, water and detergents are supplied through equipment, and the worker only controls the process. In the second case, people wash the car. This is the cheapest and most common type of car wash. However, nowadays it is increasingly losing relevance. The large time costs of washing a car are often not justified. In addition, careless actions can lead to damage to the body.

Automatic car washes can be:

• portal;
• tunnel.

Portal washes are designed in such a way that an automated arch structure moves along the car, cleaning the body using high pressure or brushes.

In tunnel washes, the process is organized in exactly the opposite way: here the machine moves on a conveyor belt along the washing units.

Automatic car washes are good because they allow you to save on staff. For normal operation Only two people will be enough to wash. However, you will have to spend a lot of money on purchasing equipment and building or remodeling the premises, since often the existing premises do not correspond to the equipment for automatic washing.

Requirements for car washes

During operation, the washers discharge wastewater into the sewer system. Therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to conclude an agreement with the city water utility. Regarding the composition of wastewater, there are regulatory requirements. The volume of wastewater is specified in the contract, as is the inadmissibility of discharge into the sewer system toxic substances, hazardous to the environment.

Water treatment equipment must be installed at the sink. This is usually a compact and inexpensive unit. Similar equipment is designed to purify incoming water.

Selecting a location

The first thing to start opening a car wash is choosing a location. You should choose a suitable room in the optimal area of ​​the city, town, or choose an option on the highway near a gas station.

Next you need to find out the cost of rent. Renting a premises, as a rule, will be more profitable than buying it, especially if you enter into an agreement for a long period of time and with fixed amount payment.

Its profitability will directly depend on the location of the car wash. In residential areas there will be fewer customers than in the city center or on the highway. But then rent it will be more accessible. In addition, municipal authorities often do not like the opening of car washes in the center.

The optimal choice would be an elite area located close to the center. Residents of such areas usually have expensive cars and can afford regular care follow them and often order many additional services.

There is no need to build your own sink. You can find an inexpensive option for a ready-made building. In any case, the main thing is that there is free access to the car wash, which does not depend on road congestion.

How to open a car wash from scratch: choosing equipment

The required set of equipment will look like this:

• high pressure apparatus for supplying and heating water;
• compressor;
• water purification systems;
• washing vacuum cleaner;
• detergents.

The equipment, of course, will depend on the specific manufacturer. Deliveries to Russian market This is mainly done by large foreign companies. Their prices are appropriate, so you won’t be able to save much.

Main manufacturers:

• Karcher;
• Carebridge;
• California Kleindiest;
• Weidner.

It is important to properly zone the car wash and include areas for customers and staff. This will make the work as comfortable as possible, and good service will attract many regular customers.

The optimal minimum is a place for a cash register, an administrator's office, a staff rest room, and perhaps also a place where customers can drink coffee or even have a snack while waiting.

It has long been proven that customers are more willing to choose those places that guarantee them a lot of comfort.

The standard set includes a comfortable sofa and armchairs, magazines, and a TV. No special luxury is required here, the main thing is functionality and a focus on productive work.

In order to offer coffee to the client, you don’t have to invest huge amounts of money in a cafe. You can install a coffee machine or simply place a cooler with hot water and offer customers something like cookies or chocolate for tea and coffee.

Staff

Selection and hiring is the last stage before opening a car wash. This is not a difficult task, but it requires an extremely responsible approach. It is quite possible to choose car washers without work experience and special knowledge, But minimum requirements to the candidates should still be. The main qualities of a good car wash employee are:

Some car washes operate 24 hours a day, so the washer must be prepared to work during the night hours.

Types of basic and additional services

The main services include:

• body wash;
• interior dry cleaning and drying;
• polishing

Additional services do not mean selling coffee and hot buns to customers, but services that are directly related to washing.

Additional services will require additional staff training and increased salaries. It is absolutely obvious that the motivation for introducing a number of additional services for the car wash owner will be to increase the number of clients, and for the employee, washing the engine using the anti-sweat and anti-rain technique will be justified only if there is an appropriate financial reward.

Traditionally, a car wash is understood only as a purely external car wash. However, the range of additional services can be incredibly wide. The main thing is to be able to make the right offer to the client.

The most common additional services offered in big cities include:

• applying a protective wax layer;
• blackening of bumpers;
• blackening of wheels;
• engine washing;
• radiator washing;
• abrasive polishing;
• elimination of holograms;
• cleaning plastic in the cabin;
• tinting;
• reservation.

It is clear that the wider the range of additional services, the more in demand the car wash itself becomes. You can also open a tire workshop, which will attract even more clients to your complex.

For a small business it can be the next step in the development of an entrepreneur.

Possible car wash franchises

If we approach the issue from a purely theoretical position, then to open a car wash you will only need premises, detergents, several washers, and a minimum set of equipment. However, such a car wash will only be successful in small towns where the choice of the population is very limited.

If the business is planned in big city, then you can purchase a franchise.

The concept of “franchise” is quite multifaceted and covers a whole range of actions and activities. But to put it simply, a franchise is a paid right to use one or another trademark for commercial purposes.

Using an already promoted brand makes it possible to quickly start making money from a well-known name. Here you won’t have to re-establish a good reputation and client base.

Today, there are several companies operating in Russia that offer car wash franchises to entrepreneurs. Their offers differ in conditions and prices. Let's look at the most interesting options.

LuxCarwash

Thanks to this franchise, you can organize a car wash, which will cost about 8 times less than the usual and standard box.

Fast and Shine

When purchasing this franchise, the entrepreneur will immediately receive ready-made business solutions and a business plan. The company has its branches in 60 Russian cities.

"Mobile car wash"

The uniqueness of this project is that the washers themselves go to a pre-agreed location to provide services to the car owner. No water is used in order to avoid leaving puddles and dirt. Only the latest products are used for washing. chemicals. In the future, the company plans to create stationary car washes near shopping centers, at gas stations and other places.

Option of non-stationary car washes from the ChistoCar company

Self-service car washes “POMOY SAM”

How much does it cost to open a car wash and its estimated profitability

Opening a car wash is not an easy process and involves certain difficulties. But a car wash pays for itself pretty quickly. Car owners are increasingly refusing to wash their cars themselves.

Russia is known for its bad roads and frequent and heavy rainfall. All this does not allow you to enjoy a clean car for longer than a few days, after which the car owner will again have to use the services of a car wash.

In addition, competition in the market here will not be as high as in other types of business. A newly minted car wash owner will quickly begin to receive a stable profit if he takes into account some of the specifics of the business and the peculiarities of the market situation.

If we talk about the initial investments, then all the equipment will cost approximately 300 thousand rubles. Consumables in the form of detergents will cost approximately $300 per month if 30 machines are serviced daily. Construction of a box for a car wash from scratch costs approximately 2.7 - 3 million rubles.

The average profitability is 40%, which is quite high. The initial investment pays off in a period of one to three years.

The main difficulty in opening a car wash is the high threshold of basic investments. In order to reduce these costs, you can start a business by opening a portable car wash, and later, after building a customer base and making a profit, build a full-fledged washing complex.

Video - the process of building a stationary car wash for 3 stations:

How to open a car wash in your city and prosper

Every year the number of cars on Russian roads is only growing. For potential entrepreneurs, this is an excellent chance to open their own business, which will bring stable and very high profits.

In particular, one of the most interesting areas is opening your own car wash. And there are two ways here. The first is to make a car wash business plan with calculations yourself or buy a ready-made car wash business.

What do you need to open a car wash?

Financial side of the issue

To open a car wash, it is advisable to take out a loan of 3.5-5 million rubles. The payback period for such a business is two years.

The average monthly income is from 500 thousand rubles. Interest is repaid from the moment the point is opened. The average interest rate on a loan is about 14-16% per annum.

Purpose

Car wash is one of the most popular service areas. The main activity is cleaning and washing cars using special chemicals.

The main client base of the establishment is owners of personal and company cars. In addition, bus and service vehicle drivers can act as visitors.

Types of car washes

Today there are several main types:

1. Manual. This is the simplest and budget option. Here, the car is treated using special washcloths, water and car shampoo.

In essence, we are talking about contact washing. The advantage of this method is minimal costs (you can save on expensive equipment) and maximum efficiency of body cleaning (a good worker is unlikely to miss dirty places, unlike automatic devices).

Flaw - high risk damage the car's paint and long service times. But there will always be visitors to such a car wash. It’s easy to explain – one of the main attractive factors is the price.

2. Brush. Here we are talking about contact washing, but without the participation of personnel. The main work is performed by special washing installations.

In this case, the processing process occurs in several stages. First, the machine is doused with water under high pressure. Next, special rotating brushes get to work (they effectively clean the car of dirt). Well, at the last stage the body is covered with protective wax and dried.

The advantages of such a business are savings on personnel and high quality cleaning. Disadvantages - the need to spend on specialized equipment. The average cost of a brush car wash is from a million rubles.

3. Contactless. IN recent years is the most popular. Its peculiarity is the absence of contact with the car body - all the work is done by special active foam.

First, the surface is treated with ordinary water. After this, special foam is applied, and then the dirt is separated from the car body. At the final stage, the foam is washed off under pressure.

The big advantage of such a sink is the most gentle care of the paintwork. Consequently, owners of new and expensive cars will be frequent visitors.

How to open a self-service car wash in your area and succeed

4. Dry. In this type of car wash, the main current staff is a shampoo-polish. In this case, the body processing is done entirely manually.

The most interesting thing is that water is not needed here, because the components of the shampoo do their job perfectly - they are able to soften and eliminate any dirt.

The advantage of dry washing is ideal surface treatment and minimal equipment costs. Disadvantage: search becomes more difficult qualified specialists ready to do this kind of work efficiently.

5. Automatic washing can be of two types - portal and conveyor. In the first case, the car stands still, and special washing equipment moves along the body.

In the second, a special conveyor transports the car through the washing arches. This involves a complete wash, cleaning of the wheels, the underbody of the car, drying it, and so on.

If we consider these two types of washing, then a conveyor-type car wash looks more preferable. Its advantage is the ability to service a large volume of vehicles.

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6. Mobile car wash- the most economical option. It is enough to purchase special equipment and that’s it. If a customer needs to wash a car, he dials a phone number and places an order.

In this case, the cleaning process takes place where the vehicle is parked.
The most popular sinks are those with high performance. The average time to service one car is about 15-20 minutes.

The best option is to purchase a tunnel or portal car wash that can wash several dozen cars per hour. The main advantage is unit costs for equipment and savings on employee wages.

Another good option is stationary car washes with a large list of services (more on that below). Here the main emphasis is on quality of service and comfort.

In such establishments, primary processing can be carried out using manual equipment. Polishing is often done by hand. At the same time, the entire work process is controlled by a specialist.

Table No. 1. Potential of consumers of car wash services in Russia

Cost of opening a car wash and preparatory work

Services

When drawing up a business plan for a car wash, you must take into account the range of services provided. These include cleaning the engine compartment, washing and polishing the body, dry and wet cleaning, interior dry cleaning, carpet washing, and so on.

Directly next to the sink, you can open a small cafe with a capacity for 15-20 people or create a relaxation room for clients with soft sofas and a large TV.

Premises and location

For the fastest return on investment in business, the best solution would be a device prefabricated car wash building– fully factory-ready designer

If there is no money to build your own premises, then you will have to rent a suitable premises. The advantages of this method are that you do not need to distract or find funds for its construction, but negative points Car wash rentals have a lot.

It is not possible to install a car wash everywhere - there are strict sanitary standards that will have to be met. The average cost of constructing a car wash (plus all approvals) is more than 2 million rubles. In this case, it is much easier to buy a ready-made car wash business.

The optimal place for business is on major highways, at the entrance to the city, at the transition between an industrial and residential area. A good option is to open a car wash near stationary traffic police posts.

But be careful. If you organize a business at the entrance to the city (provided that the highway is normal), then you can’t count on a large flow of customers.

Documents and requirements

Once the location issue is resolved, you can collect documents for the car wash. Here you will need approval from environmentalists, state expertise, SES and traffic police. The processing time for all documents is about 2-3 weeks. Average expenses are from 60-80 thousand rubles.

It is better to entrust the design to one company, which must take into account all issues, including the provision of communications - water, electricity, sewerage, and so on.

On average, a stationary car wash occupies an area of ​​about 100-150 square meters with the expectation that it will have several posts, a rest room, a bathroom and other premises.

If you want to save money, a car wash can be built on the basis of an existing service center, taxi depot or service station.

If you don’t have a large amount of money on hand, then the best option is to rent ready-made premises. In this case, the costs will be from 60 thousand rubles per month (here a lot depends on the arrangement, location, availability of communications, and so on).

We draw up a business plan for a car wash with calculations

On the Internet you can find many different opinions regarding the need to create own business plan for any new business. Including the business of opening a car wash.

A business plan is necessary in any case. This prerequisite, if you are new to business and don’t want to immediately burn out and, as they say, go down the drain.

Without a business plan it will be very difficult, especially at the start. In order not to spend a lot of money on creating your business plan, you can buy an inexpensive template and rework it to suit the conditions of your business:

Staff

One of the main problems is finding qualified personnel. The work of a car wash can hardly be called simple, so the payment must be appropriate.

The average salary of an employee is from 15-20 thousand rubles. To attract a real professional, wages can be increased to 30-35 thousand rubles.

The number of staff depends on the number of posts and the availability of additional services (for example, a cafeteria). With an average workload and two or three posts, 9-12 people are enough, who need to be distributed over three shifts. You will need washers, a bartender (if there is a cafeteria), 1-2 cleaners and a cashier.

Average labor costs are from 150 thousand rubles per month.

How to open a successful car wash

Equipment

This cost item largely depends on the type of sink you choose. For example, a mobile car wash (excluding other expenses) will cost from 1-1.5 million rubles.

For arranging a stationary sink (subject to contact washing), the costs will be less - from 500 thousand rubles.

Equipment for stationary washing may require a piston compressor, a steam generator, treatment plant, detergents, vacuum cleaners, special clothing, soft suede, polishes and so on.

Advertising

No one will know about a new business without appropriate advertising. Therefore, when drawing up a business plan for a car wash, you must take into account this expense item.

This may require advertising on radio and in public places. In addition, it is worth spending money on organizing beautiful booklets and installing banners near the road. To attract clientele, you can give discounts to first visitors and regular customers.

Table No. 2. Regional structure of competition by districts of the Russian Federation

Profit

The car wash must operate around the clock. If there are two posts, you can service from 70 cars per day and from 2100 per month.

The average profit is from 700 thousand rubles. When organizing a mobile car wash with a higher throughput capacity, the income can be higher - from a million rubles.

Results

• Total costs for organizing a business – from 3.5 million rubles;
• Registration costs – from 60 thousand rubles;
• Equipment costs – from 500 thousand rubles;
• Other expenses (installation, landscaping, finishing of rooms, water supply, etc.) - from 300 thousand rubles;
• Salary – from 150 thousand rubles per month;
• Rent of premises – from 60 thousand rubles per month;
• Other expenses – from 20 thousand rubles per month;
• Net profit – from 300 thousand rubles per month.

Conclusion

Opening a car wash is a very profitable type of business that can pay for itself within 1-2 years. But before starting a project, be sure to draw up a business plan and try to take into account all potential expenses. Good luck.

Although there are a lot of problems with opening and starting a business related to opening car washes, it is still not so difficult, although at first glance it seems otherwise. There are even a lot of mobile car wash complexes that are equipped with all the necessary equipment, so that they can provide any car cleaning services.

The mobile complex can be installed anywhere, which means you can choose the most profitable location for your business, and it has now become available to small entrepreneurs. You can simply first make an investment in a car wash, think through all the options for promoting it on the market and work out a list of services, and then receive your income.

But where to buy such a car wash and what exactly should be done to collect all the documents permitting the opening and operation of a mini-enterprise, and how to then get regular customers - these are the questions that concern the vast majority of entrepreneurs.

Of the main steps you will need to take in this path, the first will be to resolve legal and organizational issues. It will be necessary to collect a package of documents; this applies to any future car wash, even if it is mobile.

To begin with decide on the form of your business. If this is your first time dealing with this type of business, then register as an individual entrepreneur. This way you will reduce the package of documents that you will need to run around and collect.

Choose better simplified taxation, because in this case, with a small profitability, the tax will ultimately be less than in cases where a rate of six percent of income is chosen.

There is another advantage of this choice: you don’t have to hire an accountant, you can maintain the entire simplified tax system yourself, and also make your task easier by using specially developed accounting programs.

Now you are faced with the question of documents for opening, and what’s just great is that almost all these nuances will be taken care of Manufacturers of cleaning complexes are ready to accept, they will give you the equipment and a ready-made package of documentation with most of the permits. But you would have been collecting them for months on your own.

Land plot

Now look for land, that is, the place where you want to install your complex. The simplest option here would be sublease, since it is much easier to negotiate with the tenant than with the authorities.

Electricity, water, recycling

Now make an agreement for connection to electricity, although you will have your own generator, it is always better to be on the safe side. In addition, this way you will avoid frequent equipment breakdowns and reduce the cost of services.

The next step is to conclude two contracts, one of which will connect you to the water supply, and the second for purchasing water. This is necessary, since you still need to put the recycled water somewhere. And this also includes the third agreement for household waste disposal.

Prefabricated car washes - advantages and planning stages

Prefabricated buildings can be used for a wide variety of purposes, from a car showroom to a vehicle inspection station, so it’s not surprising that they are often chosen for car washes, because thanks to the modular structure, owners can change the area of ​​the area used without unnecessary costs, hassle or design changes. Now this is the most common purchase.

What are these buildings like? The structure of this building is made of rolled and electric-welded profiles, which are connected without welding with bolted fastenings. This feature allows you to create a car wash with an area of ​​up to 1000 square meters and two floors, without contradicting construction GOSTs and SNiPs and almost without the help of construction equipment.

Since this is not a permanent building, much less documentation and permits are required; this type can be registered as property. If you use mineral wool for insulation and carry out all fire safety measures correctly, then fire resistance of the room will be III-IV with hazard class C0.

The standard package will include sandwich panels 10 centimeters thick (with insulation) for the roof and walls with built-in elements for sealing and doors, stained glass windows, as well as a metal frame. Everything else can be supplied to the building additionally.

The base price may include interior trim made of steel with a polymer coating. The sink must be installed on a ready-made foundation., so don’t forget to take care of this in advance, and the installation itself will not take much manpower and time; a team of three people and four work shifts is enough, provided the project area is small.

With all these advantages, such a structure will be distinguished by wear resistance, longevity and functionality. Such ready-made car washes can be used immediately after assembly.

Advantages:

1. Quick installation
2. Instantly ready for use upon completion of construction
3. Saving money and time on documentation
4. Large selection of designs
5. Functionality
6. Long service life and resistance to wear and damage

When choosing a sink made from sandwich panels, you can be sure that its construction is possible in any season and in any climate, since almost no equipment is needed, and everything is built into the panels at the factory, there are cables and pipes, you just need assemble the parts according to the diagram.

Main stages of construction

First you will need decide on a place, where you want to open the sink. To do this, you need to rely on simple factors - assess where the vehicle traffic is higher, how close you are to automobile enterprises, and whether it is possible to provide communications without wasting too much.

The next stage is creating a building project. Need to develop a sketch complete solution inevitable questions about the correct construction, placement of equipment and wiring of all communications, equipment, architectural solutions. It should also include provisions on labor safety, environmental safety and fire safety measures.

Next you need erect a building, it is better with the help of organizations with an existing license for this type of work and coordination of your business with the police department, fire department, sanitary and epidemiological station, and so on.

And only now you can install equipment.

Also now large number companies who are ready to provide you with a turnkey construction service, which means that they are ready to take on each of these most important points.

Personnel requirements

In fact, if you are wondering whether it is worth starting a business with a car wash or whether it is better to set up a car service, then we can definitely say that in any case your actions will differ only slightly. But although washing requires mandatory equipment for wastewater purification, certification of services is not needed here, and therefore there should be no special requirements for personnel, with the exception of those involved in dry cleaning the interior.

Important questions for a business project

Since, like any business, a car wash can be unprofitable if not managed correctly, it is worth thinking through most of the issues at the sketch stage. To begin with, decide which type of building would be more appropriate depending on the location, wishes, services, and so on. Decide what equipment you will need and what its placement should be. Based on this data, you need to understand how many personnel you will need and how they should be moved during work.

Which business model is best for you? What services will you offer to visitors? All this needs to be thought through at the planning stage if you want everything to function smoothly later.

The car has long become the main means of transport around the world, including in Russia and the CIS countries. Every year the number of car owners is growing, and along with this, the demand for thematic services is growing: gas stations, car services and car washes. In this article we will talk about how to open a car wash from scratch minimal investment cash.

Choosing the type of car wash

Before opening a car wash, first of all, you must decide how much money you are willing to invest in your business. The type of car wash you can open will depend on the amount of investment. Let's look at the main types that are currently on the market.

• Manual contact washing- involves manual application of detergents and cleaning with sponges. This type of car wash is the most common, since the entrepreneur does not have to spend money on expensive equipment. The downside in this case is that physical contact with the vehicle can lead to scratches and damage to the body. Another minus is for a long time car maintenance. You will not be able to serve a large number of customers in an hour, as is the case with other types of car washes.
• Manual touchless washing— the procedure is carried out in several steps. First, most of the car is cleaned under the pressure of water. Then active foam is applied, which removes remaining dirt. Next, the foam is washed off under high pressure of water. The final step is to apply polish. The initial costs for this type of car wash will be higher than in the previous case, since special equipment will be needed for the work.
• Self-service car wash- if you want to open a self-service car wash, then this is very right decision. This type of sink is gaining more and more popularity every year. In this case, customers do not pay for washing their car, but for the time they spend in your car wash. Thanks to the fact that your customers do everything themselves, you can save on car wash employees, since a large number of personnel will not be needed for this.
• Automatic car washes- It’s immediately worth noting that choosing this type will lead to a large initial monetary investment. You can save on the number of employees, but the minimum cost of equipment for such a car wash starts from 3 million rubles. In turn, automatic car washes are divided into two types: portal – when the car enters a box and is cleaned due to the fact that special equipment is installed around it; tunnel car washes – imply that vehicle a moving belt is installed and during the movement, cleaning occurs in several stages.

The most the best option in this case, it is the opening of a contactless car wash with employees, or on the principle of self-service.

About the seasonality of business

Car washes are a seasonal business. In summer and winter time Demand in this niche drops sharply, but in the fall and spring, on the contrary, it increases. This must be taken into account when starting a business.

If you are planning to open an automatic car wash, the best time to do so is right before the start of the season.

If you plan to open a standard car wash, then it is better to do this during the off-season for the following reasons:

• Staff needs to be trained
• The customer service strategy is not well established
• The supply of consumables is not adjusted

If you open at the beginning of the season and are immediately faced with a large influx of customers, you simply may not be able to cope, either you or your employees.

What services can car washes provide?

In addition to regular body washing, this company can provide a large list of other services, which will bring greater profits. Many car washes take advantage of this and can offer their customers a wide range of services. For example, interior cleaning, as a rule, is one of the most expensive services, and one such clean is equal in profitability to several standard car washes.

Examples of services provided:

• Standard body wash, the main specialty of this business
• Interior cleaning
• Bumper and wheel drawing
• Engine cleaning
• Body polishing
• Dry cleaning
• Cleaning the trunk
• Treatment with “Anti-rain” or “Anti-fog” agents
• Washing wheels from dirt with drying
• Removing difficult stains
• etc.

Please note that the more services you want to provide, the more variety of equipment you will need. Employee salaries will also increase, as they will be engaged in providing not the most simple services.

Location

In this example, a business plan for a car wash, after you have chosen its type, the second step is to select a location. We need to decide on the location where to build our enterprise as early as possible, since obtaining permission to create a car wash will take a lot of time. You will learn about this a little later.

Mobile car wash


When choosing a location, you should immediately note that instead of building a new building or converting some garages, you can choose a mobile car wash for your business. It involves a moisture-resistant box that can accommodate one or two cars. The cost of such boxes starts from 700 thousand rubles and a huge advantage is that if you are located in some unfavorable place, you can move with all your equipment to another at any time. This is especially beneficial if you want to open a self-service car wash from scratch with minimal investment.

In garages


An excellent option would be if you can rent several garages for a car wash. To have a good flow of customers, they must be located near some kind of highway, or next to a large area of ​​​​residential buildings.

The main challenge here is that you will have to invest in making garages suitable for your business. You will have to asphalt the road and connect various communications.

Also, ordinary garages cannot boast of high resistance to dampness and over time they will begin to deteriorate, and this will lead to additional costs for major repairs.

On the outskirts of the city

The next option is to locate on the outskirts of the city next to some busy highway. The advantage in this case is that most likely you will not have to argue long and hard with the city administration to obtain a permit, since there will be no residential areas nearby in which there will be people unhappy with the placement of a car wash next to their home.

In the city

It is very difficult to obtain permission to operate a business in the center of a residential area. But if you can do this, then most likely you will create a business that will never need to find clients.

In some cities, industrial buildings, such as factories or warehouses, are sometimes located right in the city center. You can try to get permission to open a car wash in such places. Of course, the flow of clients will not be as large as if you place your business on main square cities, but in any case it is better than accommodation in small neighborhoods.

In the parking lot


In abundance major cities car washes in parking lots are a success. They can be placed in street parking lots of shopping centers or underground ones. The profitability of such sinks directly depends on the quantity parking spaces and their workload.

Also, such car washes are located in underground parking lots in luxury buildings, where people drive expensive cars and washing a car every day will not hurt their wallet.

In the village

If you want to open a car wash in a village, then you must evaluate the potential demand. As a rule, village residents do not often travel by car. expensive cars and prefer to wash them themselves. Considering also that the population of villages is usually small, if you open a business in such a place, you may never see a profit.

The situation changes dramatically if the village is located on a busy highway. In this case, the idea has the right to life.

On your own plot in a private house

Many people wonder whether it is possible to open a car wash on your own site to save on renting premises? This great idea, but it should be borne in mind that according to the law, each piece of land must be used strictly for its intended purpose. Therefore, if you open a car wash at your dacha, you will not be able to use it to grow vegetables, fruits, etc.

What do you need to get permission to open a car wash?

A car wash is a rather complex business, the opening of which involves collecting many different documents and permits. So, what does it take to open a car wash?

First we need to register legal entity, namely individual entrepreneur or LLC. If this is your first business and you have neither one nor the other, then we recommend choosing the option of registering an individual entrepreneur. This way you will save yourself a lot of effort and time.

Next, you need to choose which tax system you will work with. We recommend a simplified taxation system (STS). It offers two options for paying taxes: 6% of income, or 15% of profit. In the case of this business, we recommend choosing to pay taxes at 15% of the organization’s net profit.

Accounting under the simplified tax system does not pose any great difficulties, so you can do it yourself or by hiring a freelance accountant.

The next step in our car wash business plan, which must be completed, is submitting a letter of petition and obtaining a resolution from the city administration. You must obtain permission from the city administration to create your own enterprise. At the same time, you must already choose and decide where you want to locate your business.

After submitting your documents, you will have several weeks until you receive feedback. During this time, you must prepare a sketch of your car wash and coordinate it with:

• City administration
• Municipal architect
• Fire service

After you receive a response from the city administration and coordinate your sketch with the services described above, all received documents must be sent again to the city administration. Then you can begin to develop a full-fledged project for the premises or construction of a building.

What documents are needed to open a car wash:

• Individual entrepreneur agreement on tax registration
• Agreement on the ownership of premises or its lease
• Agreement on ownership or lease of the land plot under the premises
• Agreement on the connection of electrical networks
• Agreement on connection to water networks
• Contract for removal of solid waste and waste water

The finished project is sent for examination to the same organizations and in case of positive feedback, you reach the final stage - state examination.

The procedure for obtaining permission to open a car wash is not so simple and you may need help professional lawyers. The cost of services will be approximately 10-20 thousand rubles.

Important Requirements

A very important requirement of this business is compliance with environmental standards. Every day, car washes discharge wastewater into the sewer system, so it is necessary to conclude an agreement with the water supply and sewerage system (municipal water supply and sewerage enterprise), which will indicate maximum quantity of water you can discard and its composition.

Installing a water purification system is a must. How more water you will spend, the more powerful the system you need. For example, on the outskirts of the city, heavily polluted jeeps will come to you from the forests and steppes. To clean them you will need 160 liters of water; to clean an ordinary passenger car driving only in the city center, 60 liters will be enough. This means that outside the city, water purification systems must be more powerful and therefore more expensive.

Such cleaning systems reduce the volume of waste thrown into the sewer and operate only at temperatures from +5 degrees.

Equipment

After you choose a premises and obtain all the necessary permits to operate a car wash, you need to buy equipment for the wash itself. Equipment may vary depending on the services provided. As new services are added, you will purchase the necessary equipment. Below is a list of equipment for a self-service car wash business plan with employees.

The most popular suppliers of car wash equipment in Russia are the following companies:

• Karcher
• Carebridge
• California Kleindiest
• Weidner

Of course, this is not the entire list. There are other less popular manufacturers from Europe.

Besides specialized equipment It is also necessary to arrange a break room for employees and a waiting room for clients. If you can save money on the premises for employees and put only sofas, tables and chairs, then the waiting area for clients needs to be thought through.

It's no secret that, given the same cost of service, clients will go where they feel more comfortable. Therefore, you should try to arrange the customer waiting area well. You can install high-quality armchairs, a TV that will show car shows and a machine for dispensing hot drinks.

How much it will cost to equip a relaxation and waiting area depends only on you and your budget. This amount can be 100,000 rubles or 1 million.

Staff

After purchasing and installing everything necessary equipment You can proceed to searching for employees. Candidates for this job do not need to have any education. It is enough that they are in good physical shape, have some knowledge of cars and are friendly with customers.

For a small enterprise, 2-4 employees will be enough. wages 20,000 rub. Of course, if you are going to open a car wash in Moscow, then wages should be higher.

Attracting clients

The final stage in this business plan is to attract customers. Most effective way time-tested method of attracting customers is through promotions.

After opening your business, you can make the following promotions:

• “Free car wash from September 14 to 20!”
• “50% discount for all clients”

These promotions are the most profitable. You will attract public attention. Yes, you will have to work at a loss for some time, but a large number of people will know about your business and if they are satisfied with your service, they will come to you again and again.

You can inform people that you are open and have a super cool promotion in the following ways:

An example of unusual public involvement can be seen in the community “Car Wash St. Herzen, 94 Tyumen Behind the Voyage shopping center. This is the VKontakte community of a non-existent car wash in nature, which was created by two schoolchildren. They attracted the attention of the public through hard marketing, which was subsequently written about by major online publications. They instantly gathered 10,000 people in their community, who at first had no idea that the car wash did not exist.

An example of provocative publications from this community

How much money does it take to open a car wash?

It is very difficult to predict what costs will be when creating a car wash, since it depends on many different factors:

• Will it be a self-service car wash or not?
• Automatic or manual
• The premises are rented or owned

So, let’s demonstrate a car wash business plan with calculations, an example will be as follows:

• We have 8 employees, with a 2/2 schedule
• We are renting a room
• The car wash will provide various services described earlier in the article.
• We need to buy equipment for contactless washing
• Working hours from 12 noon to 12 midnight

Based on this, we obtain a table of expenses.

Name	Price
Initial costs
Equipment and furniture	850.000rub
Paperwork	15.000rub
Advertising	RUB 30,000
Construction of washing boxes	1,000,000rub
Total:	RUR 1,895,000
Monthly expenses
Rent and utilities	60.000rub
Consumables	15.000rub
Salary 8 employees	160.000rub
Advertising	15.000rub
Total:	RUB 250,000

As a result, the initial costs of opening a car wash are 1,895,000 rubles, and monthly costs are 250,000 rubles.

Income

Our company can serve approximately 50 clients per day. Depending on seasonality, the workload may vary, let’s assume that the workload will be 76%, then we will serve 38 clients per day. The average check will be approximately 350 rubles.

Income per day— 13.300 rub.
Income per month— RUR 399,000
Net profit for the month— 149.000r
Payback— 13 months

Car wash franchises

There is an easier option for opening a car wash - buying a franchise. Then you won’t have to figure out what equipment to buy on your own; they will help you choose a profitable location and help you decide legal issues. In general, life will become easier with the purchase of a franchise.