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What are the symptoms of bleeding from the uterus? Heavy menstruation or uterine bleeding: how to determine it yourself and whether it is worth treating

– pathological bleeding from the uterus associated with impaired production of sex hormones by the glands internal secretion. Distinguish juvenile bleeding(during puberty), menopausal bleeding (at the stage of fading ovarian function), bleeding during the reproductive period. It is expressed by an increase in the amount of blood lost during menstruation or prolongation of the duration of menstruation. May manifest as metrorrhagia - acyclic bleeding. Characterized by alternating periods of amenorrhea (from 6 weeks to 2 or more months) followed by bleeding of varying strength and duration. Leads to the development of anemia.

General information

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (accepted abbreviation - DUB) is the main manifestation of ovarian dysfunction syndrome. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is characterized by acyclicity, prolonged delays in menstruation (1.5-6 months) and prolonged blood loss (more than 7 days). There are dysfunctional uterine bleeding of juvenile (12-18 years), reproductive (18-45 years) and menopausal (45-55 years) age periods. Uterine bleeding is one of the most common hormonal pathologies of the female genital area.

Juvenile dysfunctional uterine bleeding is usually caused by the immaturity of the cyclic function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovaries-uterus departments. During childbearing years, common causes of ovarian dysfunction and uterine bleeding are inflammatory processes of the reproductive system, diseases endocrine glands, surgical termination of pregnancy, stress, etc., in menopause - dysregulation of the menstrual cycle due to the extinction of hormonal function.

Based on the presence or absence of ovulation, ovulatory and anovulatory uterine bleeding is distinguished, with the latter accounting for about 80%. The clinical picture of uterine bleeding at any age is characterized by prolonged bleeding, appearing after a significant delay in menstruation and accompanied by signs of anemia: pallor, dizziness, weakness, headaches, fatigue, and decreased blood pressure.

DMK development mechanism

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding develops as a result of disruption of hormonal regulation of ovarian function by the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Violation of the secretion of gonadotropic (follicle-stimulating and luteinizing) hormones of the pituitary gland, which stimulate follicle maturation and ovulation, leads to disruptions in folliculogenesis and menstrual function. In this case, the follicle in the ovary either does not mature (follicular atresia), or matures, but without ovulation (follicle persistence), and, therefore, is not formed and corpus luteum. In both cases, the body is in a state of hyperestrogenism, that is, the uterus is influenced by estrogen, since in the absence of the corpus luteum, progesterone is not produced. Violated uterine cycle: there is a long-term, excessive growth of the endometrium (hyperplasia), and then its rejection, which is accompanied by heavy and prolonged uterine bleeding.

The duration and intensity of uterine bleeding are influenced by hemostasis factors (platelet aggregation, fibrinolytic activity and vascular spasticity), which are disrupted in DUB. Uterine bleeding can stop on its own after an indefinitely long period of time, but, as a rule, it occurs again, so the main therapeutic goal is to prevent the recurrence of DUB. In addition, hyperestrogenism with dysfunctional uterine bleeding is a risk factor for the development of adenocarcinoma, uterine fibroids, fibrocystic mastopathy, endometriosis, and breast cancer.

Juvenile DMK

Reasons

In the juvenile (pubertal) period, uterine bleeding occurs more often than other gynecological pathologies - in almost 20% of cases. Disturbances in the formation of hormonal regulation at this age are facilitated by physical and mental trauma, poor living conditions, overwork, hypovitaminosis, dysfunction of the adrenal cortex and/or thyroid gland. Childhood infections (chickenpox, measles, mumps, whooping cough, rubella), acute respiratory infections, chronic tonsillitis, complicated pregnancy and childbirth in the mother, etc. also play a provoking role in the development of juvenile uterine bleeding.

Diagnostics

When diagnosing juvenile uterine bleeding, the following are taken into account:

anamnesis data (date of menarche, last menstruation and onset of bleeding)
development of secondary sexual characteristics, physical development, bone age
hemoglobin level and blood clotting factors ( general analysis blood, platelets, coagulogram, prothrombin index, clotting time and bleeding time)
indicators of hormone levels (prolactin, LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, testosterone, T3, TSH, T4) in blood serum
expert opinion: consultation with a gynecologist, endocrinologist, neurologist, ophthalmologist
basal temperature indicators during the period between menstruation (single-phase menstrual cycle characterized by monotonous basal temperature)
the state of the endometrium and ovaries based on ultrasound data of the pelvic organs (using a rectal sensor in virgins or a vaginal sensor in girls who are sexually active). An echogram of the ovaries with juvenile uterine bleeding shows an increase in the volume of the ovaries during the intermenstrual period
the state of the regulatory hypothalamic-pituitary system according to radiography of the skull with a sella turcica projection, echoencephalography, EEG, CT or MRI of the brain (to exclude tumor lesions of the pituitary gland)
Ultrasound of the thyroid and adrenal glands with Dopplerometry
Ultrasound monitoring of ovulation (for the purpose of visualizing atresia or persistence of the follicle, mature follicle, ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum)

Treatment

The primary task in the treatment of uterine bleeding is to carry out hemostatic measures. Further treatment tactics are aimed at preventing repeated uterine bleeding and normalizing the menstrual cycle. Modern gynecology has in its arsenal several ways to stop dysfunctional uterine bleeding, both conservative and surgical. The choice of hemostatic therapy method is determined by the general condition of the patient and the amount of blood loss. For moderate anemia (with hemoglobin above 100 g/l), symptomatic hemostatic (menadione, etamsylate, ascorutin, aminocaproic acid) and uterine contracting (oxytocin) drugs are used.

If non-hormonal hemostasis is ineffective, progesterone drugs (ethinyl estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel, norethisterone) are prescribed. Bloody discharge usually stops 5-6 days after stopping the medication. Heavy and prolonged uterine bleeding leading to a progressive deterioration of the condition (severe anemia with Hb less than 70 g/l, weakness, dizziness, fainting) are an indication for hysteroscopy with separate diagnostic curettage and pathomorphological examination of the scraping. A contraindication to curettage of the uterine cavity is a blood clotting disorder.

In parallel with hemostasis, antianemic therapy is carried out: iron supplements, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin P, transfusion of red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma. Further prevention uterine bleeding includes taking progestin drugs in low doses(gestodene, desogestrel, norgestimate in combination with ethinyl estradiol; dydrogesterone, norethisterone). In the prevention of uterine bleeding, general hardening, sanitation of chronic infectious foci and proper nutrition. Adequate measures for the prevention and treatment of juvenile uterine bleeding restore the cyclic functioning of all parts of the reproductive system.

DMC of the reproductive period

Reasons

During the reproductive period, dysfunctional uterine bleeding accounts for 4-5% of cases of all gynecological diseases. Factors causing ovarian dysfunction and uterine bleeding are neuropsychic reactions (stress, fatigue), climate change, occupational hazards, infections and intoxications, abortions, some medicinal substances, causing primary disorders at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Disturbances in the ovaries are caused by infectious and inflammatory processes that contribute to thickening of the ovarian capsule and a decrease in the sensitivity of ovarian tissue to gonadotropins.

Diagnostics

When diagnosing uterine bleeding, organic pathology of the genitals (tumors, endometriosis, traumatic injuries, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, etc.), diseases of the hematopoietic organs, liver, endocrine glands, heart and blood vessels should be excluded. Besides general clinical methods diagnosing uterine bleeding (history collection, gynecological examination) using hysteroscopy and separate diagnostic curettage of the endometrium with histological examination material. Further diagnostic measures are the same as for juvenile uterine bleeding.

Treatment

Therapeutic tactics for uterine bleeding of the reproductive period are determined by the histological results of the scrapings taken. If recurrent bleeding occurs, hormonal and non-hormonal hemostasis is performed. In the future, to correct the identified dysfunction, hormonal treatment is prescribed to help regulate menstrual function and prevent recurrence of uterine bleeding.

Nonspecific treatment of uterine bleeding includes normalization of the neuropsychic state, treatment of all underlying diseases, and removal of intoxication. This is facilitated by psychotherapeutic techniques, vitamins, sedatives. For anemia, iron supplements are prescribed. Uterine bleeding reproductive age with incorrectly chosen hormone therapy or for a specific reason, they can occur again.

DMC of menopause

Reasons

Premenopausal uterine bleeding occurs in 15% of cases of gynecological pathology in menopausal women. With age, the amount of gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary gland decreases, their release becomes irregular, which causes disruption of the ovarian cycle (folliculogenesis, ovulation, development of the corpus luteum). Progesterone deficiency leads to the development of hyperestrogenism and hyperplastic growth of the endometrium. Menopausal uterine bleeding in 30% develops against the background of menopausal syndrome.

Diagnostics

Features of the diagnosis of menopausal uterine bleeding lie in the need to differentiate them from menstruation, which at this age becomes irregular and occurs as metrorrhagia. To exclude the pathology that caused uterine bleeding, it is better to perform hysteroscopy twice: before and after diagnostic curettage.

After curettage, examination of the uterine cavity can reveal areas of endometriosis, small submucous fibroids, and uterine polyps. In rare cases, the cause of uterine bleeding is a hormonally active ovarian tumor. Ultrasound, nuclear magnetic or computed tomography can identify this pathology. Methods for diagnosing uterine bleeding are common to their different types and are determined by the doctor individually.

Treatment

Therapy of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in menopause is aimed at suppressing hormonal and menstrual functions, i.e., causing menopause. Stopping bleeding during uterine bleeding during menopause is done exclusively surgically - through therapeutic and diagnostic curettage and hysteroscopy. Waiting tactics and conservative hemostasis (especially hormonal) are erroneous. Sometimes cryodestruction of the endometrium or surgical removal of the uterus is performed - supravaginal amputation of the uterus, hysterectomy.

Prevention of DMK

Prevention of dysfunctional uterine bleeding should begin at the stage intrauterine development fetus, i.e. during pregnancy. In childhood and adolescence, it is important to pay attention to general strengthening and general health measures, to prevent or timely treatment diseases, especially the reproductive system, prevention of abortion.

If dysfunction and uterine bleeding do develop, then further measures should be aimed at restoring the regularity of the menstrual cycle and preventing recurrent bleeding. For this purpose, the prescription of oral estrogen-progestin contraceptives is indicated according to the scheme: the first 3 cycles - from 5 to 25 days, the next 3 cycles - from 16 to 25 days of menstrual-like bleeding. Pure gestagenic drugs (Norkolut, Duphaston) are prescribed for uterine bleeding from the 16th to the 25th day of the menstrual cycle for 4 to 6 months.

Application hormonal contraceptives not only helps reduce the frequency of abortions and the occurrence of hormonal imbalance, but also prevents the subsequent development of anovulatory form of infertility, endometrial adenocarcinoma, cancerous tumors mammary glands. Patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding should be monitored by a gynecologist.

Uterine bleeding means pathological discharge blood from the uterine cavity. Dysfunctional disorders are evidence of hormonal imbalance in the female body. Blood loss occurs due to malfunctions endocrine system(ovaries-pituitary-hypothalamus). Unlike menstrual bleeding, with uterine bleeding the volume of blood increases significantly, and the duration and intensity of blood loss also increases. Sometimes there are irregularities in the menstrual cycle and regularity of bleeding. Let's take a closer look at uterine bleeding, causes and treatment with traditional and folk medicine, and prevention.

Types of uterine bleeding

Depending on the reasons causing the development of the pathology, uterine bleeding is divided into:

organic;
dysfunctional;
caused by systemic diseases of the hematopoietic organs, kidneys, thyroid gland, liver, etc.

The appearance of organic uterine bleeding accompanies the following gynecological diseases: inflammatory processes in the uterus and appendages, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, endometrial polyp, cancer of the cervix or uterine body. The disease is chronic; discharge of varying volumes and intensity can appear on any day of the menstrual cycle.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding has a history of excessively abundant and prolonged bleeding, provoked by a failure in the production of hormones that regulate menstruation. Doctors distinguish between ovulatory and anovulatory types of blood loss.

For ovulatory bleeding ovulation persists, but the regularity of the cycle is disrupted (a significant increase or decrease in the interval between menstruation is observed). Most often this pathology accompanies diseases of the female genital organs or the presence of adhesions in the pelvis. Since this type of disease occurs in women childbearing age, then subsequently an unfavorable prognosis for bearing a fetus or the appearance of infertility is possible.

For anovulatory bleeding there is no ovulation. A long period of this condition leads to the formation of fibroids, the development of endometriosis, hyperplasia, and in especially severe cases, endometrial cancer. This type of bleeding most often develops in the premenopausal period.

Uterine bleeding - causes and treatment

Conditions of the body in which uterine bleeding may occur:

pregnancy occurring with pathologies;
threat of miscarriage;
inflammation in the uterine mucosa (endometriosis);
fibrous tumors in the uterus;
lack of ovulation and dysfunction of the ovaries;
cancer in any organ of the genitourinary tract;
diseases in the pelvic organs not related to gynecology;
hormonal imbalance caused for various reasons, including stress, overexertion, decreased immunity;
diseases of the endocrine system;
condition after abortion.

Symptoms of uterine bleeding

The main symptoms of uterine bleeding are:

1. The main manifestation of the pathology is vaginal discharge bleeding. The norm of blood loss during menstruation is from 40 to 80 ml. Anything above 80 ml is uterine bleeding. The presence of a large number of blood clots in the discharge from the vulva is also considered a sign of bleeding.

2. Increased duration of menstruation beyond 7 days (hypermenorrhea). Bleeding is often accompanied by symptoms anemia: low blood pressure, decreased performance, weakness, pale skin, migraines, nausea, dizziness.

3. Reducing or increasing the interval between menstruation.

4. Low intensity discharge in the middle of the menstrual cycle (metrorrhagia).

5. The appearance of bloody discharge from the vulva after sexual intercourse.

6. The presence of blood discharge in women undergoing menopause, when menstruation has been absent for a long time.

7. Nagging pain in the lower abdomen and severe painful sensations in the lower back may accompany blood loss.

Uterine bleeding - treatment with conservative methods

Regardless of the patient’s age, treatment measures are aimed at stopping bleeding, identifying and eliminating the causes that caused blood loss, and rehabilitating the body.

If there is severe blood loss, the woman is given emergency assistance by injection of hemostatic and uterine contracting drugs (tranexam, dicion, vikasol, calcium preparations, etamsylate, aminocaproic acid). Tampons soaked in medicinal compounds, or carry out emergency curettage.

Successful therapy leads to the elimination of minor discharge during the period of therapeutic measures. Patients undergo urgent hospitalization when following situations:

heavy bleeding with a sharp and rapid drop in blood pressure;
severe pain lower abdomen and bleeding from the vulva during pregnancy;
scanty discharge, pain in the lower abdomen when positive test for pregnancy;
asymmetrical pain in the lower abdomen, constantly increasing, an increase in the volume of the abdominal cavity for several hours - signs internal bleeding, in which vaginal discharge may simply be absent.

Before the ambulance arrives, measures are taken to stop the bleeding. The patient is placed on a hard, flat surface (the floor or a wooden board), a cushion is placed under her feet, and a bag of ice water or ice (frozen food from the freezer will do). The lower abdomen should absolutely not be heated.

Prevention of uterine bleeding

Preventive measures include the following:

regular examination by a gynecologist (2 times a year);
timely registration at the antenatal clinic in the event of a planned pregnancy;
lack of sexual intercourse for one and a half months from the date of birth;
immediately seek medical help for any unfavorable signs in the genitals;
systematic use of contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancy and abortions;
regular sex life with one partner;
a full course of treatment for diseases of the genital area;
healthy image life, including a nutritious diet rich in vitamins and minerals, playing sports, hardening the body;
increasing immunity.

Traditional methods of treating uterine bleeding

On the recommendation of the attending physician, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of treatment with traditional means using time-tested folk methods.

A number of herbs have hemostatic properties. Aqueous extracts and extracts of the following plants are used: shepherd's purse, burnet, stinging nettle, yarrow, forest and garden raspberry leaf, pepper knotweed, mantle, peppermint, mountain arnica, calendula, Japanese quince.

Infusion of yarrow. In a glass container, brew 2 teaspoons of dry yarrow herb with a glass of boiling water, cover, wrap and leave for an hour. The strained liquid is drunk before meals, ¼ glass four times a day.

Infusion of shepherd's purse. In a teapot, pour boiling water (0.25 l) into a tablespoon of dry herb, leave for about an hour, filter and drink 15-20 ml three times a day before meals.

Stinging nettle decoction. Pour a tablespoon of dry leaves of the plant into an enamel bowl, pour in 0.25 liters of boiling water, simmer over very low heat under the lid for 10 minutes, cool at room temperature, strain and drink 15 ml 4 times a day before meals.

Stinging nettle extract. Used to prevent the occurrence of uterine bleeding and if there is a tendency to this pathology. Pharmacy tincture is taken 35-40 drops, diluted in a third of a glass of drinking water, half an hour before meals. The number of appointments per day is prescribed by the attending physician.

Orange peel decoction. Peel 6 large fruits, pour 1.5 liters of orange skins hot water, simmer in a water bath long period time until the volume of liquid is reduced by three times (up to 0.5 l). The filtered decoction is taken 20 ml three times a day.

Calendula infusion. Mix the color and leaves of the plant in equal proportions, 2 tbsp. Pour spoons of dry raw materials into a liter thermos, pour boiling water, leave for at least 14 hours. Drink a glass of infusion instead of tea three times a day. If desired, the drink can be sweetened with natural honey.

Infusion of mantle herbs. Used in case of irregularities in the menstrual cycle, accompanied by heavy bleeding. Brew 2 teaspoons of herbs in a glass of boiling water, leave it wrapped in a container for 4 hours, filter and take 50 ml 2-4 times a day.

Adequate treatment for uterine bleeding can only be prescribed by a specialized specialist. Identifying the causes of pathology in the early stages of disease development is a guarantee of successful treatment and full recovery patients. Be healthy!

Collapse

Sometimes women turn to a gynecologist due to bleeding from the uterus. Similar deviation can occur at any age, both during pregnancy and without it. There may be several reasons for this pathology, and we’ll talk about them.

Types and causes of appearance

There are several types of blood discharge. This:

Nongenital or extragenital.
Genital, which are associated with pregnancy.
Genital, which are not related to pregnancy.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB).

You should also know the following division of bleeding:

Juvenile in nature. Occurs during puberty in girls. Severe mental overload, frequent illness, poor nutrition, etc. can contribute.
Profuse. Not accompanied by pain. Consequence of abortion or vaginal infection, side effect of contraceptives, etc.
Acyclic. Occurs between menstruation. Such bleeding occurs with erosion, endometriosis, fibroids or cysts.
Hypotonic. The reason for its appearance is low myometrial tone (after delivery or abortion).
Anovulatory. Develops in adolescence and in women during menopause. If nothing is done, a malignant neoplasm may develop.

Non-genital bleeding

Occur due to infection with certain diseases.

Bleeding can be caused by diseases such as:

measles;
typhus;
FLU;
sepsis;
liver cirrhosis;
hemophilia;
hemorrhagic vasculitis;
atherosclerosis.

Sometimes the reason lies in high blood pressure or improper functioning of the thyroid gland.

Genital bleeding (during pregnancy)

If in women bloody discharge is associated with the genitals, then it is genital.

Early in pregnancy, blood loss occurs due to:

ectopic pregnancy;
diseases of the ovum (hydatidiform mole or the presence of a malignant neoplasm).

If the cervix bleeds during pregnancy at a later stage, this may be a sign of:

placental presentation;
presence of scars on the uterus;
early placental abruption.

During delivery, bleeding is associated with:

low location of the placenta, its presentation or premature detachment;
uterine rupture;
violation of the integrity of the birth canal.

After delivery this happens due to:

endometritis;
fibroids;
trauma during the birth process;
chorionepitheliomas;
decreased uterine tone.

Genital (without pregnancy)

If the lady is not pregnant, then bleeding may also be present between menstruation. The reason lies in:

the presence of a tumor in the uterus, ovaries or fallopian tubes;
ovarian rupture or cystic formation on it;
organ injury after sexual contact or others;
inflammation or infectious damage to the organ (cervicitis, endometritis, vaginitis, erosions, etc.).

Blood loss occurs with various dysfunctional disorders. More about this.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

If a woman experiences blood loss in the form of menstruation at the right time, about 50-60 ml of blood is lost - this is the norm. If there is prolonged bleeding after menstruation and there is more than 70 ml, this is a sign of dysfunction, that is, DUB.

If the bleeding is long and heavy, it is called menorrhagia. If it occurs between menstruation – metrorrhagia.

Often such dysfunction occurs in women after 30 years of age. Hormonal surges incorrect operation thyroid and adrenal glands, leads to ovulation disorders.

May also arise due to:

nervous overstrain, stressful situations;
overwork, both physical and mental;
harmful production;
complicated births and abortions;
inflammatory processes occurring in the pelvic organs.

In the age category from 13 to 20 years it is also possible this kind deviations. This is the result of mental trauma, heavy physical labor, lack of vitamins in the body, the presence various pathologies, both chronic and acute.

Bleeding from the uterus in old age is associated with:

nervous overstrain;
chronic diseases;
hormonal changes.

Other reasons

Sometimes the cervix bleeds during examination if the gynecologist was careless and injured the organ. The same embarrassment can arise during rough sexual intercourse.

If a woman has any defects of the genital organs since birth, then blood loss is also possible, often with clots. In this case, you will have to be fully examined and resort to radical treatment methods.

Bleeding in old age?

In older women, bloody discharge from the genital tract may be associated with:

diseases reproductive organs(pathologies of the ovaries, uterus, vagina);
improper metabolism;
disruption of the liver and endocrine system;
blood supply problems;
taking certain medications;
hormonal imbalance;
changes in the endometrial layer of the uterus.

Also, a common cause of blood loss in old age is the presence of tumors, inflammation and infections.

Symptoms and signs

The main sign of uterine bleeding is bloody discharge from the genital tract. If you have bleeding but not your period, there are additional symptoms:

the volume of liquid is more than 80 ml (this can be understood if a woman changes pads more often than once every two hours);
duration of blood loss more than 6 days and more often than once a month;
if the interval between menstruation is less than 21 or more than 35 days;
cervix bleeds after sex;
blood on underwear is present in the postmenopausal period.

If a woman regularly loses a large amount of blood, she will develop anemia. You will feel dizzy, weak and the skin will become pale. If cervical erosion bleeds, then you should not hesitate, as serious consequences are possible in the future.

First aid for uterine bleeding

When bleeding, a lady should be able to provide herself with first aid. Massive blood loss should not be allowed, as this can lead to loss of consciousness, anemia and other consequences.

You should not put anything hot on your stomach, take baths, steam your feet, or eat foods containing vitamin C.

To improve your well-being you need:

take a horizontal position and put your feet on a hill;
put ice or a bottle of water on the stomach area cold water;
drink fluids constantly.

When should you see a doctor?

If the bleeding does not stop within a week, clots and soreness are present. A woman needs to see a specialist who will examine her and prescribe appropriate treatment. Self-medication in this case is inappropriate, since the patient does not know the cause of the pathology.

How to get rid of uterine bleeding?

What to do if there is bleeding? In such cases, you cannot hesitate; you need to seek medical help. It is important to promptly identify the cause of the pathology and begin its treatment.

If such dysfunction occurs in adolescence, the doctor will prescribe medications that promote uterine contraction, as well as hemostatic drugs and those that strengthen blood vessels. It is important to take vitamins and take a course of herbal medicine. In some cases, hormonal treatment is indicated. This will make it possible to regulate the menstrual cycle.

Ladies who are of reproductive age are given an appointment hormonal drugs. If the cause is fibroma, the presence of a cyst or other formations, then radical treatment is possible. If cervical erosion is bleeding, cauterization will help remove the bleeding.

How to stop bleeding in old age? Here, almost always, the reason lies in oncology, so you can get rid of the pathology only with the help surgical intervention. The entire affected organ will have to be removed.

In order not to start the disease and cure it in a conservative way. You should promptly seek help from a specialist and not self-medicate. Hemostatic agents will not get rid of the underlying disease, but will only temporarily eliminate the symptoms.

Prevention

To prevent this pathology you should:

eat well and take more vitamins;
be less nervous;
have one partner;
promptly treat all diseases associated with the sexual sphere;
do not have rash abortions;
visit a gynecologist regularly;
If any abnormalities occur, contact the hospital immediately.

Conclusion

Why does the cervix bleed and can the organ bleed without pathologies? Such questions are asked by women who have prolonged bleeding from the genital tract. There can be a lot of answers. But it is important to know that the presence of blood on underwear between periods is not the norm. Bloody discharge that persists for more than a week should also be cause for concern. To prevent serious complications, you should consult a gynecologist in a timely manner.

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This is due to its special nature and source, which is the uterus. This organ has such a good blood supply that if the integrity of its vessels is compromised, this is manifested by profuse bleeding, which is extremely difficult to treat and often leads to severe blood loss with dangerous consequences.

Most common reasons

All women at any stage of life may experience bleeding from the uterus. They may have like organic nature, and functional. In the first case, we are talking about a violation of the normal structure of the endometrium or the muscular layer of the uterus and its appendages, in the second, a violation of the hormonal regulation of their growth and menstrual function. Thus, all uterine bleeding can be classified in the form of a table.

Uterine fibroids;
Bleeding polyps of the uterus and its cervix;
Cancer diseases (cancer of the vulva, cervix, endometrium);
Traumatic ruptures of the vagina, cervix and its body;
Intrauterine device and medical procedures;
Medical abortion;
Ectopic pregnancy;
Threatened miscarriage and miscarriage;
Postpartum period;
Endometriosis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome;
Single follicular ovarian cysts;
Lack of ovulation and weakness of the corpus luteum;
Diseases of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland and other endocrine glands;
Menopause and puberty;
Stress and poor nutrition.

Uterine fibroids are one of the most common causes of uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age.

Variants of clinical manifestations

Bleeding from the uterus cannot be considered unambiguously. Every woman of reproductive age has menstrual ability, which can indirectly be considered a kind of bleeding. But it has its own individual differences. Some women have scanty and short periods, while others, on the contrary, have long and heavy periods. The most important thing is their regularity in any case. If this indicator disrupted, this indicates uterine bleeding. In other words, uterine bleeding can rightfully be called only the appearance of bloody discharge from the genital tract outside of menstruation or its prolonged course, which has not been observed before. Otherwise, it’s just a variant of the individual norm.

Therefore, symptoms and clinical picture this state presented:

Constant spotting and spotting from the uterus that does not affect the general condition;
Bleeding from the uterus during menstruation, leading to large blood loss and moderate anemia;
Bloody discharge in the middle of the menstrual cycle for no apparent reason;
Active flow of bright or dark fresh blood with clots, general impairment and shock.

Each of these clinical options has its origin and purpose of therapeutic measures aimed at stopping bleeding and blood loss.

Signs of heavy uterine bleeding

It is extremely important to know the warning signs of uterine bleeding with massive blood loss. After all, they signal an impending threat to a woman’s life. These include:

Heavy bleeding in a short period of time;
General weakness and dizziness;
Severe pallor of the skin;
A decrease in blood pressure below the numbers that are usually typical for a woman;
Frequent pulse and heartbeat;
Drowsiness and apathy.

The appearance of at least some of the listed symptoms is a reason to immediately seek medical help. Otherwise, there is a risk of developing hemorrhagic shock and death of the patient.

Danger of uterine bleeding

Uterine bleeding is characterized by the ability to rapidly increase, long-term course and comparatively poor possibilities of stopping them. In this regard, it is possible to develop different scenarios outcome of this condition:

Regular moderate blood loss, leading to bleeding of patients and anemia of varying severity. Does not pose a direct threat to life. Typical for small but prolonged bleeding from the uterus;
Bleeding with massive simultaneous blood loss. As a rule, it is very difficult to stop him. Often ends serious condition patients and requires surgical treatment with removal of the bleeding uterus;
Minor bleeding from the uterus, which was not paid attention to for a long time, due to its commonality for patients. They do not pose an immediate threat and do not cause severe anemia. The danger is that in this case the underlying disease progresses, which acts as the cause of bleeding. This, sooner or later, will end in profuse bleeding or the development of severe and advanced forms of primary diseases;
Bleeding during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Characterized by high intensity and severity compared to other reasons for their development. This is due to the poor ability of the uterus to contract and stop bleeding on its own. Therefore, they often end in severe shock and the use of surgical treatment to stop.

Embolization of uterine vessels - alternative modern method planned treatment of uterine bleeding

How can you help?

Stopping bleeding from the uterus is not easy. Here a clear algorithm of actions must be followed, both by the specialized gynecological service and the ambulance, and even by the patients themselves. All that is required of women with signs of uterine bleeding is to seek early medical help from a gynecologist. The sooner this is done, the better prognosis for a full recovery. Ambulance workers or nearby people should provide the following measures:

Place the patient in a horizontal position;
Carrying out constant monitoring of blood pressure and pulse parameters;
Cooling the lower abdomen and uterus with an ice pack or a cold heating pad;
Transportation to the nearest medical facility.

In a gynecological hospital, step-by-step measures should be provided medical care which include the following treatment:

Hemostatic and hemostatic therapy. Conducted by intravenous administration medicines: dicinone, etamsylate, aminocaproic acid, vikasol, tugina, novoseven (clotting factor 7), cryoprecipitate, platelet mass;
Infusion therapy. Designed to restore lost volume of circulating blood. For these purposes, the following are used: rheosorbilact, trisol, hemodez, refortan, washed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma and other infusion media;
Vitamin preparations that help stop bleeding: ascorbic acid, calcium gluconate or chloride;
Hormonal hemostasis. Involves the use of high doses of estrogen or progesterone hormones. Indicated in case of dysfunctional bleeding from the uterus and is not effective if it is of organic origin;
Diagnostic and therapeutic curettage from the uterine cavity. Is one of the most effective techniques in order to quickly stop uterine bleeding of any origin. By means of fractional curettage, the endometrium is collected from different parts of the uterus, which makes it possible to identify the exact nature and localization of the source of bleeding in the uterus under a microscope. Therapeutic purpose of this event - removal of the bleeding endometrium, which causes powerful contraction of the uterus and compression of the bleeding vessels;
Temporary clipping uterine arteries. Indicated in cases where there is no effect from the above methods and bleeding continues. It involves the application of special soft clamps to the uterine ligaments through the vagina;
Surgical treatment. Refers to forced measures in case of ongoing bleeding from the uterus of any origin and the impossibility of stopping it using a set of conservative methods. The operation involves only one thing - removal of the uterus as a bleeding organ. Indeed, in such cases, it is not so much about preserving it, but about saving the life of a woman.

Uterine bleeding has been, is and will be one of the most difficult problems in emergency gynecology. Given this fact, you should not push yourself to an extreme state if you notice their symptoms. Early seeking medical help is the only key to successfully solving the most difficult situations.

After diagnostic curettage (May 5), it bled as expected for a week, then everything was fine for 4 days, and then again at the moment I started bleeding, my lower abdomen hurt and I felt a little dizzy. This is fine?

Causes, symptoms and treatment of uterine bleeding

From this article you will learn: what uterine bleeding is, the mechanism of development of pathology. His distinctive features, the main reasons for the appearance. Characteristic symptoms and diagnostic methods, treatment and prognosis for recovery.

Uterine bleeding is a gynecological complication with the main characteristic symptom being the discharge of blood from the uterus, which occurs against the background of hormonal imbalances in the body (dysfunctional bleeding) or changes in the structure of the uterine tissue (organic bleeding).

What happens during pathology? Under the influence hormonal disorders(lack or excess of progesterone, estrogen, dysfunction of the adrenal cortex, thyroid gland) inner layer The uterus (endometrium) greatly increases in size. Since it is permeated with many blood vessels, its increase, untimely and uneven rejection causes profuse dysfunctional bleeding (normally, a small layer is excreted regularly, at the time of menstruation).

Blood supply to women reproductive system. Click on photo to enlarge

Surgical interventions endocrine diseases, injuries lead to the appearance of structural changes in the uterus (scars, polyps, fibroids, oncology) and vascular pathology (weakness vascular walls). This combination causes organic uterine bleeding.

This condition is 95% - serious complication underlying pathology (fibroids, liver disease), which is dangerous due to its consequences. Constant and light bleeding threatens the development of anemia (anemia); excessive blood loss (due to injury, rupture) can lead to removal of the uterus, hemorrhagic shock and death.

Acute uterine bleeding must be stopped; this is done under conditions surgical resuscitation or a gynecological hospital (the number of deaths is 15%).

The prognosis for treatment of chronic uterine bleeding depends on the general hormonal background of the body and concomitant diseases; usually this symptom can be eliminated completely; this is done by the attending gynecologist.

Patients with pathology are registered throughout their lives.

Mechanism of development of uterine bleeding

The functions of the ovaries are controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary system of the brain. For normal maturation of the fertilized egg, its release from the ovary, fertilization or excretion, a whole list of hormones is required.

Physiology of the normal menstrual cycle. Click on photo to enlarge

Uterine bleeding develops when there is excess or insufficient production.

FSH (follicle-stimulating) and LH (luteinizing) hormones are responsible for the formation of the corpus luteum (temporary ovarian gland) and the maturation of the follicle (unfertilized egg). With their deficiency or excess, the follicle does not mature or matures but does not leave the ovary (there is no ovulation phase).
Since there is no ovulation phase, the corpus luteum does not form or mature (these are hormonal-dependent processes).
At this moment, the amount of progesterone in the body (a hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle and ovarian function) is reduced, but the amount of estrogen is increased (responsible for increasing the endometrial layer for the fertilized egg).
Under the influence of hyperestrogenism, vascular disorders appear, the endometrium grows intensively, unevenly, in a thick layer and is excreted irregularly (cycle disorders).
Extraordinary rejection occurs in layers (under the influence of progesterone compensation mechanisms and estrogen reduction) and is accompanied by bleeding from the endometrium remaining in the uterine cavity and open vessels.
Long-term hyperestrogenism is a risk factor and trigger for the development of structural changes in the uterus, the appearance of polyps, fibroids, and neoplasms. They begin to bleed when they become enlarged, damaged, or injured in any way.
Structural (organic) bleeding includes damage due to mechanical rupture, decreased uterine tone, usually very heavy.

The nature of bleeding largely depends on the viscosity and speed of blood clotting, and the ability of the vessels inside the uterus to contract. It can be abundant, not abundant, extended over time (up to several weeks), it can stop on its own, but it will certainly recur after some time.

Reasons

The causes of uterine bleeding are hormonal disorders and changes in the structure of the organ.

The most common pathologies and conditions that may cause bleeding:

Spontaneous termination of pregnancy (miscarriage) or its threat

Accommodation of the placenta or defects in its location during pregnancy

Pathological, difficult childbirth

Postpartum deformation, decreased uterine tone

Mechanical damage (tissue rupture)

Cervical cancer

Chorionepithelioma (neoplasm in the uterine cavity)

Vascular pathologies (atherosclerosis, vasculitis)

Polycystic ovary syndrome. Click on photo to enlarge

Thyroid diseases (thyrotoxicosis)

Diseases of the pituitary gland (Itsenko-Cushing's disease)

Infectious and inflammatory diseases (cervicitis,

Sexual infections (gonorrhea)

Application oral contraceptives

At what age can bleeding begin?

Uterine dysfunctional bleeding caused by hormonal disorders may appear:

Between the ages of 12 and 18 years (juvenile, 20% of cases). Common causes of hormonal disorders during this period are stress, vitamin deficiency, poor nutrition, physical trauma, thyroid dysfunction, infectious diseases(measles, chickenpox, rubella).
From 18 to 45 years of age (reproductive age, up to 5%). The cause of bleeding is inflammatory processes (colpitis, cervicitis), stress, poor nutrition, and taking oral contraceptives.
At the age of 45 to 55 years (menopausal, 15%), disorders are caused by a natural decrease in the production of sex hormones, the development of benign (polyps) and malignant (cervical cancer) neoplasms.

Organic bleeding appears in women of reproductive and menopausal age (in 95%), in children and adolescents the most common cause is mechanical damage fabrics.

Symptoms

Uterine bleeding of any kind is a dangerous symptom, and its occurrence is a reason for treatment. Acute blood loss (sudden copious discharge of blood) requires emergency treatment and is accompanied by severe symptoms(weakness, drop in blood pressure, increased heart rate, loss of consciousness, inability to work), sometimes sharp pain in the abdomen. In this case, a person’s life depends on the timely provision of assistance.

With light but frequent bleeding, the symptoms are not so pronounced, although weakness and progressive anemia gradually worsen the quality of life and reduce the ability to work. The patient develops fatigue, dizziness, and decreased blood pressure.

Bleeding is characterized by the release of any amount of blood (not necessarily copious):

between cycles or during menstruation;
during menopause, after a stable absence of menstruation for more than 12 months;
after medical procedures and childbirth in combination with high temperature and abdominal pain.

Characteristic signs of uterine bleeding:

bleeding;
decreased blood pressure;
increased heart rate;
weakness;
increased fatigue;
drowsiness;
dizziness;
headaches;
pale skin.

With large blood loss, the main symptoms replace each other quite quickly, the condition is complicated by loss of consciousness and hemorrhagic shock. With prolonged, continuous bleeding (after abortion) in combination with high fever (up to 40°C) and sharp pain in the abdomen, the development of purulent postoperative complications and sepsis (general purulent infection).

Minor uterine bleeding slowly leads to the development of iron deficiency anemia. After hemoglobin levels decrease to less than 50 G/l, the condition is complicated by metabolic and gas exchange disorders, the development of heart failure and other pathologies.

At the same time, the underlying disease, against the background of which bleeding arose as a symptom, progresses, leading to the appearance of polyps, fibroids, and other neoplasms. But the most life-threatening complication is the danger of acute blood loss.

How to distinguish from menstruation

What are the signs to distinguish uterine bleeding from menstruation, especially if the discharge coincides with the cycle:

The cycle of menstruation is disrupted.
The intervals between bleeding increase (up to 1.5 months) or decrease (less than 20 days).
The discharge can be abundant or moderately abundant and scanty.
Lasts more than 7 days.
Large pieces of endometrium are expelled with bloody discharge.

The blood is bright scarlet (arterial) or dark color(venous)

Reduced blood pressure

Tachycardia (increased heartbeat)

The result may be hemorrhagic shock(due to blood loss), and if the bleeding is not stopped in time - death as a result of blood loss.

Diagnostics

To diagnose the pathology that provoked the appearance of uterine bleeding, sometimes a whole range of methods is necessary:

The gynecologist collects information about the pathology and performs an external examination; the medical history includes the following information:

about the cyclicity of menstruation;
start and end date of last menstruation;
about physical development and age;
results of consultation with an endocrinologist, neurologist.

To confirm the diagnosis:

by using ultrasound examination(ultrasound) of the pelvic organs and hysteroscopy draw conclusions about the condition of the ovaries and the inner layer of the uterus - the endometrium, identify associated pathologies (fibroids, polyps), control the ovulation process;
to determine the size of the ovaries in the period between menstruation, an echogram is prescribed;
draw up a graph of basal temperature (changes in body temperature under the influence of the production of sex hormones throughout the entire cycle);
to exclude pathology of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, echoencephalography, radiography, MRI or CT scan of the brain is performed;
Using ultrasound, the condition of the adrenal glands and thyroid glands is checked;
in the laboratory they check the hormonal profile (donate blood for LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone, prolactin);
determine the level of other hormones (TSH, T3, T4, cortisol, testosterone);
general blood parameters (hemoglobin, leukocyte count);
coagulation factors (prothrombin index, coagulogram, platelet count in the blood count, duration of bleeding and coagulability);
analysis of a smear from the vagina and cervix for the presence of an inflammatory process, pathogenic microflora or cancer cells;
part of the endometrium is examined for the presence of cancer cells.

Based on these studies, a conclusion is made about the causes of uterine bleeding in women.

Ultrasound of the pelvic organs. Click on photo to enlarge

Treatment methods

Bleeding can be stopped; this is vital, especially when the blood loss is acute and life-threatening; in 85% of cases this can be done (in 15% the pathology ends in death).

Treatment of any bleeding is carried out in a hospital setting; acute blood loss requires emergency first aid measures and calling an ambulance.

Stop the bleeding.
Replenish blood loss.
Eliminate the cause of the symptom.
Prevent recurrence of bleeding.

They use drug therapy, infusion methods to restore blood volumes and surgical methods, the latter are used if the bleeding is not stopped by medications.

How to give first aid

How to help before doctors arrive:

Drug therapy

The causes and treatment of uterine bleeding are directly dependent on each other: by identifying and treating the underlying disease, you can get rid of life-threatening consequences forever.

Infusion methods

Infusion methods (transfusion) are used to restore the volume of lost fluid, the number of red blood cells and platelets.

Surgical methods of treatment

Used if it was not possible to stop uterine bleeding by other means (the patient’s condition worsens, hemoglobin drops below 70 G/l, blood volume rapidly decreases).

The procedures are performed on a gynecological chair; local or general anesthesia can be administered. Using gynecological instruments (dilators), access to the uterine cavity is opened; before the operation, the condition of the inner layer is determined using a hysteroscope ( optical device in a tube that is inserted into the uterine cavity).

Prevention

Prevention of rebleeding consists of following several rules:

mandatory elimination of the underlying cause of the symptom;
regular examination (at least 2 times a year);
contacting a gynecologist if any changes in the menstrual cycle or other warning signs occur;
prescribing and taking oral contraceptives only on the recommendation and under the supervision of the attending physician;
pregnancy planning;
healthy eating and lifestyle;
eliminating stressful situations.

Forecast

In 85% of cases, medication stops bleeding within a period of 3 to 7 days; surgical methods allow this to be done almost instantly; after 2–3, only residual effects (slight bleeding) remain.

15% of bleeding cannot be stopped and ends in death. This occurs due to a combination of numerous factors and reasons for the appearance of the symptom (long-term progressive underlying disease, concomitant pathologies, development of malignant complications, late presentation).

Bleeding is one of the most common gynecological pathologies (from 20%), menopausal women (15%) and juvenile girls (12–18 years old, 20%) suffer more often.

Signs of uterine bleeding: what causes it and how to treat it

Uterine bleeding is a condition manifested by the discharge of blood from the internal genital organs. Menstruation is also manifested by the release of blood, but this is a natural process, genetically programmed by nature.

Distinctive features of menstrual discharge from uterine bleeding in women are profuseness and duration increases, there is no consistency.

What causes uterine bleeding?

The reasons leading to the development of uterine bleeding are diverse, and a classification was created to understand them.

Uterine bleeding causes, main categories:

bleeding caused by pathologies that do not affect the reproductive system or extragenital conditions. Their reasons: infectious diseases (typhoid fever, sepsis, dysentery), blood diseases (genetic vasculitis, hemophilia), liver cirrhosis, pathology of the cardiovascular system, dysfunction of hormonal organs;
bleeding caused by genital pathologies. These could be: rupture of the ovary or cyst, tumor of the uterus or ovary, infectious diseases of the genital organs, menopause or puberty.

Genital pathologies of uterine bleeding

This group of causes is divided into two large categories: uterine bleeding associated with the course of pregnancy and independent of it.

Uterine bleeding is associated with pregnancy and delivery:

Ectopic pregnancy or interrupted classical pregnancy;
Premature placental abruption, violation of the integrity of the surgical scar on the uterus, violation of the integrity of its walls;
Traumatization of the external genitalia of women during actions maternity ward, and other soft birth canals;
Incomplete release of the placenta, its infringement;
The muscle tissue of the uterus has lost strength, elasticity and endurance after childbirth;

Chorionepithelioma, hydatidiform mole and other diseases of the ovum.

Uterine bleeding that occurs regardless of pregnancy:

Discirculatory uterine discharge. Classified by age categories: juvenile (at puberty), reproductive (period favorable for the birth of children), menopause (during menopause);
Neoplasms of the internal genital organs of women - uterus, ovaries;
The superficial membrane of the tumors is damaged, as well as cysts on the genitals;
Inflammatory processes of the uterus - endometritis, cervicitis, erosive processes affecting the cervical canal, etc.

Juvenile bleeding - causes, symptoms

During the transformation of a little girl into a beautiful girl, the appearance of intermenstrual bleeding or an increase in the volume of blood during menstruation is often noticed. Most often, the cause of this is ovarian dysfunction, which is directly affected by frequent psychological stress, excessive physical activity, poor nutrition, constant colds.

When examining teenage girls with uterine bleeding, a lack of ovulation is discovered due to a disruption in the production of hormones. Often, the causes are insufficiency of blood clotting factors, tuberculosis of the internal organs of the reproductive system, tumor formations of the cervical canal and the walls of the uterus.

Regardless of the cause, uterine bleeding during puberty is dangerous to health and life, and an urgent visit to the doctor is necessary.

Bleeding during the active reproductive period

In this option, the number of reasons causing bleeding is much greater.

dysfunction of the hormonal system due to an abortion, taking a number of medications, “playing” with hormonal oral contraceptives;
on early stages pregnancy, bleeding is the result of spontaneous abortion;
ectopic pregnancy - after rupture of the fallopian tube;
hydatidiform mole, placental previa and placental abruption;
decreased muscle tone of the uterus;

after childbirth, bleeding due to incomplete discharge of the placenta;

fibroids, endometriosis, uterine tumors, endometritis.

Danger during menopause

Menopause is not the best easy time in a woman’s life - a reorganization of the hormonal sphere, which is why bleeding is not rare. Among other reasons, neoplasms with and without malignancy should be highlighted. Women need special attention in the postmenopausal period, when periodic periods have long stopped and blood suddenly appears.

If even a small amount of blood appears, immediately go to the doctor. Do not despair if the problem is a tumor; in the initial stages it is easily treatable. For a diagnostic examination during menopause, histological material is taken from the cervical canal and uterine body, after which a microscopic examination of the scraping will reveal the cause of bleeding.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

This group of bleeding cannot be strictly separated at any age. They can occur both during puberty and during menopause.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is a popular type, and is characterized by disruption of the endocrine system, starting from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, and ending with the ovaries and adrenal glands.

Gynecology identifies the main causes of dysfunctional uterine bleeding:

endocrine system disorders related to the thyroid gland,
pancreas, as well as against the background of obesity;
overwork – emotional and physical;
climate change;
artificial termination of pregnancy, often spontaneous.

According to the time of appearance of blood during periods of the menstrual cycle:

ovulatory - depend on menstruation, the period of maturation of the egg and its release from the follicle;
Anovulatory – intermenstrual bleeding not associated with the menstrual cycle. As a rule, with anovulatory bleeding, the duration and volume of menstruation itself changes.

Breakthrough bleeding

They cannot be classified into any one category, as they appear during the initial use of oral hormonal contraceptives. A small amount of bleeding is a manifestation of the women’s body adapting to the new drug. But to further prevent their occurrence, contact your gynecologist to adjust the dosage.

This phenomenon occurs infrequently, but you should take it seriously and consult a gynecologist

Symptoms and first signs

All clinical symptoms are divided into general and local.

weakness throughout the body, dizziness;
pale skin;
nausea, urge to vomit;
loss of consciousness;
weakened thready pulse;
lowering blood pressure.

Local symptoms of uterine bleeding:

The appearance of bloody discharge from the vagina;
During menstruation, you notice an increase in the number of clots, the total volume of discharge has become larger, one hygiene product quickly becomes unusable;
After sexual intercourse, women may experience a slight bruising;
Taking into account the fact that bleeding can be heavy or not very heavy, pain does not appear;
Signs of uterine bleeding appear regardless of menstruation.

Regular symptoms of heavy uterine bleeding indicate tumors (eg, fibroids), adenomyosis, or disorders blood system body.

Treatment and first aid

It is impossible to figure out the causes of uterine bleeding on your own; the gynecology department will probably deal with it faster and better, and therefore if you notice strange symptoms and unplanned bleeding, call an ambulance immediately. Signs of uterine bleeding are a serious signal from the women’s body about global problems, and every minute can be decisive.

Treating uterine bleeding in women at home is an absurdity of the highest degree, but there are certain rules that, if followed or not followed, will help save lives.

impose warm compress, a heating pad on the abdominal area;
perform douching;
forget about a warm bath;
take medications that affect uterine contractions.

Uterine bleeding in women - first aid at home:

Strict bed rest with legs elevated. The cushion under the lower extremities will not allow you to suffer from blood loss vitally important bodies- brain, kidneys, liver, which means the likelihood of loss of consciousness is excluded;
Cold. Try to stop the bleeding yourself. Place a bubble, heating pad or bottle with cold water or ice on the lower abdomen, first wrap it with a towel to prevent frostbite. Apply a cold compress for minutes, after a five-minute break, continue for two hours. This simple method of treatment will narrow the blood vessels and reduce the percentage of blood loss;
We replenish the volume of circulating blood. At home with emergency situations It’s hard to come up with an alternative to IVs, but drinking plenty of warm, sweet drinks can restore blood loss. Glucose will provide nutrition to brain cells;
Emergency assistance - medicines. Let us point out once again that medications should be taken only in extreme cases or after consultation with a doctor. IN home medicine cabinet The presence of aminocaproic acid, calcium gluconate, and dicinone will not be superfluous.

Uterine bleeding manifests itself in the form of bloody discharge from the vagina; it can occur due to serious illnesses in women. The essence of treatment is making a diagnosis, correct and rapid therapy. After all, such a disease leads to complex consequences and even death.

What is uterine bleeding

Uterine bleeding, the discharge of blood from the uterus, differs from menstrual periods in that the amount and timing of the discharge changes.

Norms of blood loss during menstruation

Menstruation is physiological process, which on average begins at 11 years old and ends at 55. It lasts for 3-7 days and occurs every 28-35 days. During one menstrual cycle, a girl secretes from 50 to 80 ml of blood.

Regular critical days stop during pregnancy and after childbirth. They may also be absent during breastfeeding.

Types and causes of vaginal bleeding

Type of hemorrhage	Causes of the disease
Organic	Fibroids;
	Polyps;
	Cancer diseases;
	Vaginal ruptures after injury; Intrauterine device;
	Medical abortion;
	Ectopic pregnancy;
	Threatened miscarriage and miscarriage; Postpartum period;
	Endometriosis.
Dysfunctional	Polycystic ovary syndrome;
	Cysts;
	Lack of ovulation;
	Pituitary gland diseases;
	Menopause,
	Puberty;
	Stress.

Also, the vagina can bleed at certain periods of a woman’s life:

Juvenile– stage of sexual development;
Reproductive– childbearing age;
Menopausal- during menopause.

Based on the nature of bleeding, they are divided into:

Main symptoms of hemorrhage

The main signs of vaginal blood loss:

Dysfunctional hemorrhage is painless;
After childbirth up to 2 months;
Prolonged discharge after abortion;
Blood loss while taking hormonal contraception;
For polyps in the uterus;
Fibroids inside the vagina;
Intrauterine pregnancy;
Bloody discharge is associated with cancer.

Why is bleeding from the uterus dangerous?

If uterine hemorrhage does not end for a long time, then it is difficult to stop, which is why this pathology is very dangerous for women’s health and has the following consequences:

Anemia may develop (if the volume of blood that comes out is more than 80 ml);
Large blood loss due to hemorrhage, which is difficult to identify, most often requires surgical intervention;
The risk of developing an underlying disease that caused hemorrhage;
Danger of hemorrhage in pregnant women or during the postpartum period

Signs of uterine bleeding during the reproductive period

During the childbearing period, there are a lot of factors that can cause pathology.

This happens due to:

Disturbances in the production of hormones after termination of pregnancy;
When under stress;
In the presence of infectious diseases;
Intoxication;
When taking medications.

During pregnancy, and especially in the early stages, the uterus may bleed due to miscarriage. On later The uterus may bleed due to placenta previa. It is especially dangerous when it bleeds during and after childbirth, then the amount of blood loss can be very large.

The following diseases can also cause bleeding:

Myoma;
Endometriosis of the uterine body;
Tumors in the cervix;
Chronic inflammation of the cervix.

Bleeding during ectopic pregnancy

The symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy are exactly the same as during normal pregnancy:

Lack of menstruation;
The uterus has enlarged;
Breasts fill up;
Toxicosis;
Change of taste preferences.

Causes of bleeding during pregnancy

Hemorrhages during ectopic pregnancy are a common phenomenon, this happens due to the fact that pregnancy can become the main factor in tubal rupture or in case of termination. The intensity of discharge does not always depend on the mechanism of termination of pregnancy, although tubal ruptures are accompanied by greater blood loss than with medical termination of pregnancy.

Intrauterine hemorrhage during menopause in women

During menopause, women undergo hormonal changes in the body, so the vagina often bleeds. Great care must be taken when dealing with discharge after menstruation has stopped. It is important to immediately consult a doctor at the first signs, since treatment of tumors in the first stages is more successful.

Causes of uterine hemorrhage during menopause:

Copious bloody discharge;
Discharge with clots;
Bleeding that occurs between critical days;
The discharge lasts longer than usual.

Why does vaginal bleeding occur due to nervousness?

Dysfunctional uterine blood loss is said to occur when there is no reason for the appearance of bleeding. They can be due to strong experiences, psychological and emotional stress and nervousness. The treatment methods will be similar, perhaps the doctor will prescribe sedative medications to relieve stress.

Diagnostics

At the first suspicion of the development of the disease, it is important to see a doctor immediately.

In order to determine the source from which the pathology arose, the following measures are taken:

Consultation with a gynecologist;
Blood tests;
Ultrasound of the uterus;
Vaginoscopy;
Cervical biopsy.

Accurate diagnosis is central to the healing process.

How to stop vaginal bleeding?

In order to stop it, you need to diagnose the main factor in the occurrence of blood loss, then specialists choose a way to stop it. Most often, hemostatic agents are used; if there is a large loss of blood, it is transfused. Also, another way to stop (in case of miscarriage, abortion, or childbirth) is curettage of the uterine cavity; if the bleeding has not been stopped, then doctors resort to surgical interventions.

You can stop bleeding at home by following these rules: