Otitis

Vascular embolization: what it is, essence, types. Embolization of the uterine arteries as a method of treating uterine fibroids What kind of operation is embolization according to coap

website - a medical portal about the heart and blood vessels. Here you will find information about the causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, traditional and folk methods of treating cardiac diseases in adults and children. And also about how to keep the heart healthy and blood vessels clean until old age.

Do not use the information posted on the site without first consulting your doctor!

The authors of the site are practicing medical specialists. Each article is a concentrate of their personal experience and knowledge, honed over years of study at the university, received from colleagues and in the process of postgraduate training. They not only share unique information in articles, but also conduct a virtual consultation - answer questions you ask in the comments, give recommendations, and help you understand the results of examinations and prescriptions.

All topics, even those that are very difficult to understand, are presented in simple, understandable language and are intended for readers without medical training. For your convenience, all topics are divided into sections.

Arrhythmia

According to the World Health Organization, arrhythmias, irregular heartbeats, affect more than 40% of people over 50 years of age. However, they are not the only ones. This insidious disease is detected even in children and often in the first or second year of life. Why is he cunning? And because it sometimes disguises pathologies of other vital organs as heart disease. Another unpleasant feature of arrhythmia is the secrecy of its course: until the disease goes too far, you may not be aware of it...

how to detect arrhythmia at an early stage;
which forms are the most dangerous and why;
when is enough for the patient, and in what cases is surgery indispensable;
how and how long do they live with arrhythmia;
which attacks of arrhythmia require an immediate call to the ambulance, and for which it is enough to take a sedative pill.

And also everything about the symptoms, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of various types of arrhythmias.

Atherosclerosis

It is written in all newspapers that the main role in the development of atherosclerosis is played by excess cholesterol in food, but why then in families where everyone eats the same, often only one person gets sick? Atherosclerosis has been known for more than a century, but much of its nature remains unsolved. Is this a reason to despair? Of course not! The site’s specialists tell you what successes modern medicine has achieved in the fight against this disease, how to prevent it and how to effectively treat it.

why margarine is more harmful than butter for people with vascular damage;
and why it is dangerous;
why cholesterol-free diets don't help;
what will patients with;
how to avoid and maintain mental clarity into old age.

Heart disease

In addition to angina pectoris, hypertension, myocardial infarction and congenital heart defects, there are many other cardiac ailments that many have never heard of. Did you know, for example, that it is not only a planet, but also a diagnosis? Or that a tumor can grow in the heart muscle? The section of the same name talks about these and other heart diseases in adults and children.

and how to provide emergency care to a patient in this condition;
what to do and what to do so that the first does not turn into the second;
why the heart of alcoholics increases in size;
Why is mitral valve prolapse dangerous?
What symptoms can you use to suspect that you and your child have heart disease?
which cardiac diseases are more threatening to women and which ones to men.

Vascular diseases

Vessels permeate the entire human body, so the symptoms of their damage are very, very diverse. Many vascular diseases do not bother the patient much at first, but lead to serious complications, disability and even death. Can a person without medical education identify vascular pathology in himself? Of course, yes, if he knows their clinical manifestations, which this section will talk about.

In addition, here is the information:

about medications and folk remedies for the treatment of blood vessels;
about which doctor to contact if you suspect vascular problems;
what vascular pathologies are deadly;
what causes veins to swell;
How to keep your veins and arteries healthy for life.

Varicose veins

Varicose veins (varicose veins) are a disease in which the lumens of some veins (legs, esophagus, rectum, etc.) become too wide, which leads to impaired blood flow in the affected organ or part of the body. In advanced cases, this disease is cured with great difficulty, but at the first stage it can be curbed. Read how to do this in the “Varicose veins” section.

Click on photo to enlarge

You will also learn from it:

what ointments exist for the treatment of varicose veins and which one is more effective;
why doctors prohibit some patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities from running;
and who it threatens;
how to strengthen veins with folk remedies;
how to avoid blood clots in affected veins.

Pressure

- such a common illness that many consider it... a normal condition. Hence the statistics: only 9% of people suffering from high blood pressure keep it under control. And 20% of hypertensive patients even consider themselves healthy, since their disease is asymptomatic. But the risk of getting a heart attack or stroke is no less! Although it is less dangerous than high, it also causes a lot of problems and threatens with serious complications.

In addition, you will learn:

how to “deceive” heredity if both parents suffered from hypertension;
how to help yourself and your loved ones during a hypertensive crisis;
why blood pressure increases at a young age;
how to keep your blood pressure under control without medications by eating herbs and certain foods.

Diagnostics

The section devoted to the diagnosis of heart and vascular diseases contains articles about the types of examinations that cardiac patients undergo. And also about indications and contraindications to them, interpretation of results, effectiveness and procedures.

You will also find answers to questions here:

what types of diagnostic tests even healthy people should undergo;
why angiography is prescribed for those who have suffered a myocardial infarction and stroke;

Stroke

Stroke (acute cerebrovascular accident) is consistently among the ten most dangerous diseases. People at greatest risk of developing it are people over 55 years of age, hypertensive patients, smokers and those who suffer from depression. It turns out that optimism and good nature reduce the risk of strokes by almost 2 times! But there are other factors that effectively help avoid it.

The section dedicated to strokes talks about the causes, types, symptoms and treatment of this insidious disease. And also about rehabilitation measures that help restore lost functions to those who have suffered from it.

In addition, here you will learn:

about the differences in clinical manifestations of strokes in men and women;
about what a pre-stroke condition is;
about folk remedies for treating the consequences of strokes;
about modern methods of rapid recovery after a stroke.

Heart attack

Myocardial infarction is considered to be a disease of older men. But the greatest danger it poses is not for them, but for people of working age and women over 75 years of age. It is in these groups that mortality rates are highest. However, no one should relax: today heart attacks overtake even the young, athletic and healthy. More precisely, underexamined.

In the “Heart Attack” section, experts talk about everything that is important to know for everyone who wants to avoid this disease. And those who have already suffered a myocardial infarction will find here many useful tips on treatment and rehabilitation.

about what diseases a heart attack is sometimes disguised as;
how to provide emergency care for acute pain in the heart area;
about differences in the clinical picture and course of myocardial infarction in men and women;
about an anti-heart attack diet and a heart-safe lifestyle;
about why a person suffering from a heart attack must be taken to a doctor within 90 minutes.

Pulse abnormalities

When we talk about pulse abnormalities, we usually mean its frequency. However, the doctor evaluates not only the speed of the patient’s heartbeat, but also other indicators of the pulse wave: rhythm, filling, tension, shape... The Roman surgeon Galen once described as many as 27 of its characteristics!

Changes in individual pulse parameters reflect the state of not only the heart and blood vessels, but also other body systems, for example, the endocrine system. Want to know more about this? Read the materials in the section.

Here you will find answers to questions:

why, if you complain of pulse irregularities, you may be referred for a thyroid examination;
whether a slow heart rate (bradycardia) can cause cardiac arrest;
what does it mean and why is it dangerous;
how heart rate and the rate of fat burning when losing weight are interconnected.

Operations

Many heart and vascular diseases, which 20–30 years ago doomed people to lifelong disability, can now be successfully cured. Typically surgically. Modern cardiac surgery saves even those who until recently were given no chance to live. And most operations are now performed through tiny punctures, rather than incisions, as before. This not only gives a high cosmetic effect, but is also much easier to tolerate. It also reduces the postoperative rehabilitation time by several times.

In the “Operations” section you will find materials about surgical methods for treating varicose veins, vascular bypass surgery, installation of intravascular stents, prosthetic heart valves and much more.

You will also learn:

which technique does not leave scars;
how operations on the heart and blood vessels affect the patient’s quality of life;
what are the differences between operations and vessels;
for what diseases is it performed and what is the duration of a healthy life after it;
What is better for heart disease - to be treated with pills and injections or to undergo surgery.

Rest

“Rest” includes materials that do not correspond to the topics of other sections of the site. Here you can find information about rare cardiac diseases, myths, misconceptions and interesting facts regarding heart health, unclear symptoms and their significance, the achievements of modern cardiology and much more.

about providing first aid to yourself and others in various emergency conditions;
about the child;
about acute bleeding and methods to stop it;
o and eating habits;
about folk methods of strengthening and healing the cardiovascular system.

Drugs

“Drugs” is perhaps the most important section of the site. After all, the most valuable information about a disease is how to treat it. We do not provide here magical recipes for curing serious illnesses with one tablet; we honestly and truthfully tell everything about the drugs as they are. What are they good for and what are they bad for, for whom are they indicated and contraindicated, how do they differ from analogues and how do they affect the body. These are not calls for self-medication, this is necessary so that you have good command of the “weapons” with which you have to fight the disease.

Here you will find:

reviews and comparisons of drug groups;
information about what can be taken without a doctor’s prescription and what should never be taken;
a list of reasons for choosing one or another means;
information about cheap analogues of expensive imported drugs;
data on the side effects of heart drugs that manufacturers are silent about.

And many, many more important, useful and valuable things that will make you healthier, stronger and happier!

May your heart and blood vessels always be healthy!

Embolization (embolotherapy) is a minimally invasive x-ray surgical endovascular procedure. The essence of this operation is the selective occlusion (blockage) of arteries with specially introduced emboli (special particles). This type of surgery is performed by an endovascular surgeon or an interventional radiologist (radiologist).

When is there a need for surgery?

The need for vascular occlusion may arise in the following situations:

If the patient has a benign tumor with increased blood flow.
When pathologically altered arteries are detected in the body.
With valvular incompetence of the spermatic vein (varicocele).
When areas of pathological blood flow (aneurysms) occur.
With kidney damage.
For bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract.
For bleeding in the early postpartum period.

Vessels may also require embolization in a number of other cases.

How exactly does embolization occur?

Embolization intervention is minimally invasive, which means there are no wide incisions or tissue trauma, the procedure is performed in an outpatient setting and there is minimal risk for the patient.

Embolization actions are as follows:

the patient receives local anesthesia or no anesthesia is used (however, embolization of an aneurysm in the vessels of the brain or portal vein most often takes place under general anesthesia);
through a puncture using a guide, a catheter is inserted into the patient’s vessel;
Special substances (emboli) or devices are delivered into the artery in need of occlusion through a tube of minimal diameter.

At the end of the operation, a series of angiographic images are taken to monitor how successful the embolization was.

Products used

Specialists use a number of auxiliary structures and drugs to carry out embolization, thanks to which it is possible to achieve rapid and reliable blockage of blood vessels. The main embolization devices are:

Spirals. Injected into a vein or artery, they stop blood flow in the installation area.
Plastic (gelatin) particles. Mixed with liquid, they are introduced into the vessel and seal it. During the operation, it is possible to close a large number of even small arterial branches.
Sclerosants. Such fluids are injected into a vein or artery, where they cause blood to clot. Sclerosants are effective in areas with low blood flow.

The following types of artificial emboli are also in demand:

gelatin sponge (“gel foam”);
cylinders;
cylinders.

Sometimes all of the listed embolic agents and devices are used in combination. In this case, embolization is most effective.

Details of the embolotherapy procedure

Embolotherapy (artery blockage) has the following features:

On average, embolization takes about thirty to forty minutes; complex procedures can last up to several hours. The operation time depends on many factors, one of the main ones being the professionalism of the surgeon. Experienced doctors usually perform embolization fairly quickly.
Discomfort during embolization of any vessel is relieved with special medications, so the procedure is practically painless.
Minimally invasive intervention does not leave scars on the patient’s body.
Embolization of any vessel is always carried out in a hospital setting. The patient will need to stay in the clinic for 1-2 days. In some cases (for example, to exclude possible or already occurring complications), the length of hospitalization is increased.

Patient care after vessel embolization is provided by clinic specialists in accordance with the type and degree of complexity of the minimally invasive intervention.

Within a week after embolization surgery, you will be able to return to normal life. Rapid recovery of patients who have undergone embolization is ensured by a combination of rest and compliance with several simple conditions. First of all, operated patients must adhere to the following rules:

Strengthen the drinking regime in the first 7 days after surgery.
Avoid water procedures - taking baths, swimming in the pool, visiting the bathhouse for 3-5 days. You can also take a shower.
Maintain complete physical rest for 2-3 weeks after surgery. During this time, you should not lift weights or play sports.

The main advantages of the embolization method

Endovascular embolization is a low-traumatic procedure. It differs radically from standard surgical interventions in the absence of large incisions. This reduces numerous risks associated with conventional operations, including the risk of infection. In addition, embolization rarely requires the patient to be placed under general anesthesia.

Opportunities for eliminating tumors located in hard-to-reach places. A catheter inserted into an artery can penetrate places that are difficult to reach with a scalpel.
Reducing the likelihood of relapse. The technique used to block the vessel allows blood flow to be quickly and reliably stopped.
No discomfort. During vessel embolization, the patient does not experience pain. All unpleasant sensations are eliminated with the help of special medications.
Short recovery period. For minor vascular interventions, the patient may be discharged on the day of the procedure. In this case, special care, complex treatment, and regular dressings are not required.
Minimal number of contraindications and complications. The success of the operation largely depends on the professionalism of the doctor. That is why it is important to choose a surgeon wisely.
Opportunities for organ preservation. For example, embolization on the vessels of the uterus allows a woman to become a mother and bear a healthy child, even if she has a history of a large tumor.

Embolization measures, that is, stopping blood flow through a vessel, in some cases are the only possible medical solution to the problem in the presence of general contraindications to standard surgery.

Embolization effectiveness

For example, when treating uterine fibroids, after 14 days the process of replacing the muscle tissue of the nodes with connective tissue begins. At the same time, the nodes are significantly reduced and are unable to grow again and provoke the progression of the disease. Reduction of nodes takes approximately 6-8 months.

Pay attention! The effectiveness of the method has been clinically proven. In addition, embolotherapy allows you to block a wide variety of vessels. Patients who have undergone the embolization procedure quickly forget about pain and discomfort, returning to their normal lives in the shortest possible time.

Advantages of visiting Professor Kapranov’s clinic

At the Center for Endovascular Surgery, Prof. Kapranov carries out vascular embolization using the most modern techniques and using the latest equipment. We invite patients to independently choose a clinic for embolization surgery. This will allow you to take into account all the wishes of the patient:

to the conditions of hospital stay;
on personnel qualifications;
other important treatment factors.

Today, Professor S. A. Kapranov and highly qualified staff of the endovascular surgery center offer their patients:

targeted staged and partial embolization, taking into account the individual characteristics of the body and the degree of development of the disease;
selection of drugs used depending on the size and shape of the arteries;
the use of only the most modern drugs, such as Contour (Boston Scientific), BeadBlock (Terumo, Japan) and Embosphere (Merit Medical, USA).

You can sign up for an operation to embolize uterine arteries, large fibroids, prostate vessels, and cerebral aneurysms. In our center, professional medical care is provided in full.

The considered method of treating uterine fibroids is minimally invasive. After such a procedure, reproductive and menstrual functions are preserved, which is especially important for young women. Like any other operation, UAE has specific indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages.

The essence of uterine artery embolization in the treatment of uterine fibroids - why is the operation performed?

The manipulation in question in some medical sources is also called embolization

The purpose of the procedure is blocking the blood flow to the fibroid, which favors its reduction. To do this, a microscopic particle is introduced into the uterine artery - embolus.

Often preference is given to emboli that are made of medical plastic. Although in practice, particles from other hypoallergenic and body-safe materials can be used.

After entering a blood vessel, this particle clogs its lumen, cutting off the flow of blood to the fibroid. At the same time, the uterus retains its viability: it is supplied by the ovarian arteries, and the muscle components of the fibroids, after a certain period of time, are replaced by connective tissue. Fibrous formations self-destruct over time.

Video: Uterine artery embolization (UAE) for uterine fibroids

UAE is used regardless of the number of pathological nodes and their parameters. Through this manipulation, you can significantly reduce the size of myomatous nodes, and in some cases, get rid of them altogether.

In extremely rare cases, additional therapeutic measures may be used.

Intervention in the patient’s reproductive system during this procedure is minimal.

In addition, if there were difficulties with conception due to fibroids, after embolization of the uterine arteries the woman has every chance of becoming pregnant.

Indications and contraindications for UAE

This procedure may be prescribed for the following conditions:

Large parameters of the uterus: as in women in the 9th or more weeks of pregnancy.
Heavy periods.
The patient's desire to maintain the viability of the uterus.
The presence of contraindications to surgical intervention, as well as to hormonal therapy.
Regular pain.
Malfunctions of the pelvic organs and/or their compression.
Diagnosis of multiple/single myomatous nodes, the diameter of which is no more than 8 cm. If the size of the pathological nodes is larger, the doctor may decide to perform UAE as a preparatory procedure before removing the fibroids using an invasive method.
Infertility caused by uterine fibroids.

This type of treatment cannot be prescribed for the following pathologies:

The period of bearing a child.
Infection of the body.
Serious problems with the liver and/or kidneys.
Allergic reactions to iodine-containing, radiopaque substances.
Inflammatory phenomena in the genital area.
Disorders associated with blood clotting.
A significant increase in the volume of the uterus (as in women at 20 weeks of pregnancy), associated with the gigantic diameter of myomatous nodes.
Cancer of the uterus or a precancerous condition.
In addition, in the case of UAE in the presence of subserous nodes on a thin stalk, there is a risk of developing peritonitis in the future. Therefore, to treat such tumors, the doctor opts for other methods.

How uterine embolization is performed - video and stages of UAE surgery

Preparation for surgery:

5 days before the procedure, the patient should take antibacterial agents.
Women with a low pain threshold are prescribed sedatives, and on the day of UAE they are given an additional dose of painkillers.
On the day of surgery, you are prohibited from consuming any food or liquid.
You should also shave your groin area and bring elastic bandages or compression stockings.
At least two hours before surgery, the patient is given an intravenous infusion of an antibiotic to prevent infection of the body. Ceftriaxone is often used.

Video: Uterine artery embolization

Algorithm for uterine artery embolization:

The result of uterine embolization - what happens to the fibroids?

In the first few hours after surgery Myoma muscle cells die, which is accompanied by pain.
The most active reduction of pathological nodes is observed in the first six months after the manipulation in question.
Often in a year the uterus acquires normal parameters, and myomatous nodes are reduced by 4 times.

The speed and nature of regressive phenomena will be determined by the parameters and location of the nodes. If these nodes are located in the area of the posterior wall of the uterus, their size will decrease slowly. When localized close to the uterine cavity, pedunculated nodes can break off and migrate outward.

To monitor the process of fibroid transformation, an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs should be performed 3 months, six months and a year after embolization.

In the future, it is necessary to be examined by a gynecologist every 6 months in order to exclude relapse.

Video: Embolization of arteries of uterine fibroids

The patient needs rest for the first 8 hours after the procedure. The bandaged leg must be kept in a horizontal position, and an ice pack is applied to the site of manipulation for the first couple of hours. This helps reduce swelling and relieve pain.

The patient should wear compression garments on her legs for the first few days.

If there are no exacerbations, you are allowed to go home after 1-3 days. Before leaving the hospital, the doctor performs an ultrasound examination.

After embolization of the uterine arteries, the following phenomena may be of concern:

Slight increase in body temperature.
Loss of strength.
Pain in the lower abdomen. To eliminate them, painkillers are prescribed.
Nausea.
Vomit. This post-embolization syndrome is relieved with antiemetic therapy.
Bloody vaginal discharge. The menstrual cycle is completely normalized within 3 months after UAE.

Such phenomena can occur from several days to several weeks.

Within a month after this procedure, patients are prohibited from:

Visit saunas, as well as stay in direct sunlight for a long time.
Undergo any physical procedures in the uterine area.
Engage in active sports.
Take baths.
Have vaginal sex.

Side effects with this procedure are extremely rare, but they do occur.

These include:

The appearance of a hematoma in the area of the artery puncture. No therapeutic measures are required to eliminate it - it resolves on its own.
Migration of the node into the peritoneum or uterus.
Embolization of nearby organs as a result of emboli entering the blood vessels that supply them. A similar condition can develop against the background of individual anatomical features.
Inflammatory processes in the uterus, accumulation of purulent masses in its cavity. These negative conditions can occur with extensive death of myometrial cells. In this case, the uterus is removed urgently.
Vaginal dryness, lack of sexual desire. Occurs when the cervicovaginal vessels are blocked.

Price of uterine embolization in Russian clinics

The cost of the manipulation in question will be determined by several factors:

The status of the medical institution. The amount for such an operation in public clinics is often lower than in private ones.
Experience and authority of the surgeon.
The number of tests that the patient needs to undergo. If there are concomitant diseases, the examination will be more extensive, which means more financial resources will be spent.
A variety of medications that must be taken or punctured before embolization of the uterine artery.
The volume of dye for angiography.
Postoperative measures. This includes the number of days spent in hospital; list of instrumental and laboratory examinations; number of consultations with the doctor.

In spring, I want to become more beautiful, healthier, the main thing is that the method of achieving the goal does not leave scars behind. All this became possible with the help of embolization.

Experts

Alexey Gaidukov
Head of the Department of X-ray surgical methods for diagnosing and treating peripheral diseases

If you don’t water a tree, it will dry out; if you turn off the water in the basement, a burst pipe will immediately stop drowning your neighbors - these are probably the thoughts that occurred to the developers of the ingenious method of vascular embolization. What is his genius? First of all, it has now become possible to treat diseases that were previously difficult to treat. It also made it possible to effectively defeat some very harmful sores without a large incision, without surgery at all.

Every organ in our body has a blood vessel that feeds it. It also exists in a tumor, which, although it is not an organ, really wants to seem like one. And it seems, but only until you cut off her oxygen, that is, her blood supply. How to do this? Embolize the feeding vessel. What do we have in the bottom line? The dry residue is in the form of a haggard, shrunken tumor without further claims to growth. This is how uterine fibroids are embolized. And embolization is like sewing an internal patch onto a bleeding vessel if it is not possible to stop the bleeding in any other way. For example, with persistent nosebleeds. Or you can embolize an aneurysm (sac-like expansion) of cerebral vessels, which threatens rupture and stroke. And live happily ever after.

The good doctor who performs embolization always wears a bulletproof vest, but it protects him not from bullets, but from X-rays. Fortunately, they are not dangerous for patients, because the exposure time is very short. Embolization is usually carried out under local anesthesia, the person is conscious at all times. A conductor is inserted through a puncture in the vessel of the arm or leg, which, under X-ray control, reaches the desired vessel. Then an embolic substance, which can be chemical or mechanical, is injected into the lumen of the vessel. If everything went smoothly, the patient can be discharged home on the same day. All that remains is to monitor the result, which in most cases is positive.

DRIPPING TAP

Each of us encounters nosebleeds at least once in our lives - overwork, increased blood pressure, trauma, and sometimes genetic causes in the form of superficial vessels, “weakness” of their walls.

The effectiveness of uterine artery embolization for uterine fibroids reaches 98%.

There are many reasons, but most often the substrate is the same - a defect appears in a blood vessel in the nasal mucosa, which either heals or opens again. As a result, nosebleeds can become a serious problem and make life very difficult. Previously, long-term tamponade and surgical correction were required to stop them. Today, bleeding can be stopped once and for all by embolizing a vessel or vascular proliferation. At the same time, due to the well-developed blood supply, the nasal mucosa will not experience a lack of blood.

DOCTOR, WHAT ARE YOU INTRODUCING?

The following are used as embolic agents:

Gel foam, a material in the form of a gelatin sponge, which is cut into small pieces and injected into the artery. After some time (a week or two), the material dissolves.

Embolic microparticles - for example, gelatin-coated acrylic microspheres. They are the ones most often used for embolization of uterine fibroids.

Embolic coils made of stainless steel or platinum. Thanks to their size and shape, they can be placed even in a very small container.

Liquid sclerosing substances (alcohols), which, when introduced into a vessel, promote the formation of a blood clot.

Liquid adhesive compositions. They harden as soon as they enter the bloodstream.

THE KNOT WILL UNLOCK

The introduction of embolization into gynecology resembled a small revolution. Uterine fibroids are a common disease manifested by the formation of benign tumor nodes, most often sooner or later requiring surgical treatment. Although benign, the nodes grew over time, deforming the uterus, causing pain, and increasing the risk of bleeding. The most common operation for fibroids, removal of the uterus, deprives a woman of one of the main female organs. And now embolization of the uterine arteries appeared in the arsenal of doctors. It is enough to block the blood vessel feeding the fibroid, and it stops growing, and then completely decreases in size, as if it dries out. Considering that the myomatous node always has its own blood supply, the nutrition of the surrounding tissues does not deteriorate. And the sheep are safe, and the wolves are well-fed.

BAG IN HEAD

An aneurysm of one of the cerebral vessels is a very insidious disease. The insidious thing is that the disease often does not manifest itself in any way, and it is very difficult to establish a diagnosis. Even if the aneurysm is discovered on time, a major neurosurgery is required. The risk of aneurysm rupture with the development of a severe stroke is too high. But medicine does not stand still: CT and MRI of the brain are being performed on an increasing number of patients, aneurysms are being detected more often, and now, thanks to the introduction of embolization, major surgery can be avoided. By introducing an embolic agent into the lumen of the aneurysm, it is possible to “switch off” it from the bloodstream, while the blood supply to the brain will not be affected, and the risk of aneurysm rupture will disappear.

Where to get treatment:

1) Each subject of the federation has a hospital with an angiography department.

2) In Moscow, 11 regional vascular centers have been opened on the basis of multidisciplinary hospitals.

3) The largest federal centers for cardiovascular surgery operate in Moscow, Penza, Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk, Khabarovsk, Kaliningrad, Perm, and Astrakhan.

4) Federal, regional, vascular research centers operate in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk and other large cities.

5) In departmental institutions (Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N. N. Burdenko, Main Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc.).