Osip Emilievich Mandelstam was born on January 3 (15), 1891 in Warsaw into a Jewish family. The father of the future poet was a glove maker and merchant. In 1897, the future Osip Emilievich moved to St. Petersburg with his family.

In 1900, Mandelstam entered the Tenishev School. In 1907, he attended lectures at St. Petersburg University for several months. In 1908, Osip Emilievich left for France and entered the Sorbonne and Heidelberg University. During this period, Mandelstam, whose biography as a writer was just beginning, attended lectures by J. Bedier, A. Bergson, and became interested in the works of C. Baudelaire, P. Verlaine, F. Villon.

In 1911, due to difficult financial situation Mandelstam's family had to return to St. Petersburg. He entered the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University, but did not take his studies seriously, so he never completed the course.

The beginning of creative activity

In 1910, Osip Emilievich's poems were first published in the St. Petersburg magazine Apollo. Early creativity Mandelstam gravitates towards the symbolist tradition.

Having met Nikolai Gumilyov and Anna Akhmatova, Mandelstam becomes a regular participant in the meetings of the “Workshop of Poets”.

In 1913, the poet’s debut collection of poems, “Stone,” was published, which was then completed and republished in 1916 and 1921. At this time, Mandelstam took an active part in the literary life of St. Petersburg, met B. Livshits, Marina Tsvetaeva.

In 1914, an important event occurred in Mandelstam’s short biography - the writer was elected a member of the All-Russian Literary Society. In 1918, the poet collaborated with the newspapers “Strana”, “Evening Star”, “Znamya Truda”, and worked at “Narkompros”.

Years of civil war. Mature creativity

In 1919, during a trip to Kyiv, Mandelstam visited the poetic cafe "HLAM", where he met his future wife, artist Nadezhda Khazina. During the civil war, the writer wandered with Khazina throughout Russia, Ukraine, and Georgia. Osip Emilievich had a chance to escape with the White Guards to Turkey, but he chose to stay in Russia. In 1922, Mandelstam and Khazina got married.

Mandelstam's poems during the Revolution and Civil War were included in the collection “Tristia” (1922). In 1923, the collections “The Second Book” and the third edition of “The Stone” were published. In 1925, the writer’s autobiographical story “The Noise of Time” was published. In 1927, the story “The Egyptian Stamp” was completed. In 1928, Mandelstam’s last lifetime books, “Poems” and “On Poetry,” were published.

Last years and death

In 1933, Mandelstam wrote an anti-Stalin epigram, for which he was sent into exile. From 1934 to 1937, the writer was in exile in Voronezh, lived in poverty, but did not stop his literary activity. After permission to leave, he was arrested again, this time exiled to the Far East.

On December 27, 1938, Osip Emilievich Mandelstam died of typhus in a transit camp on the Second River (now the outskirts of Vladivostok). The poet's burial place is unknown.

Chronological table

Other biography options

• The future poet’s grandmother, Sofya Verbovskaya, brought young Mandelstam to V. Ivanov’s poetry circle.
• Mandelstam was fluent in French, English and German languages, translated works by F. Petrarch, O. Barbier, J. Duhamel, R. Schiquele, M. Bartel, I. Grishashvili, J. Racine and others.
• Mandelstam was in love with Marina Tsvetaeva and was very upset about the breakup - because of the unsuccessful romance, the writer was even going to go to a monastery.
• The works and personality of the poet Mandelstam were under the strictest ban in Russia for almost 20 years. His wife, Nadezhda Yakovlevna, published three books of memoirs about her husband.

Russian literature Silver Age

Osip Emilievich Mandelstam

Biography

MANDELSHTAM Osip Emilievich (1891 - 1938), poet, translator.

Born on January 3 (15 NS) in Warsaw in the family of a master tanner and a small merchant. A year later, the family settled in Pavlovsk, then in 1897 they moved to St. Petersburg. Here he graduated from one of the best St. Petersburg educational institutions - the Tenishevsky Commercial School, which gave him solid knowledge in the humanities, from here his passion for poetry, music, and theater began (the director of the school, the symbolist poet Vl. Gippius, contributed to this interest).

In 1907, Mandelstam went to Paris, listened to lectures at the Sorbonne, and met N. Gumilev. Interest in literature, history, and philosophy leads him to the University of Heidelberg, where he attends lectures throughout the year. He visits St. Petersburg on visits and establishes his first connections with the literary environment: he listens to a course of lectures on versification at the “tower” by V. Ivanov.

Mandelstam's literary debut took place in 1910, when his five poems were published in the Apollo magazine. During these years, he became interested in the ideas and creativity of symbolist poets, and became a frequent guest of V. Ivanov, the theorist of symbolism, with whom talented writers gathered.

In 1911 Mandelstam entered the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University, wanting to systematize his knowledge. By this time, he was firmly established in the literary environment - he belongs to the group of Acmeists (from the Greek acme - highest degree something, blooming power), to the “Workshop of Poets” organized by N. Gumilyov, which included A. Akhmatova, S. Gorodetsky, M. Kuzmin and others. Mandelstam appears in print not only with poems, but also with articles on literary topics.

In 1913, the first book of poems by O. Mandelstam, “Stone,” was published, immediately placing the author among the number of significant Russian poets. He often performs reading his poems in various literary associations.

In the pre-October years, new acquaintances appeared: M. Tsvetaeva, M. Voloshin, whose house in Crimea Mandelstam visited several times.

In 1918, Mandelstam lived in Moscow, then in Petrograd, then in Tiflis, where he came for a short time and then came again and again. N. Chukovsky wrote: “... he never had not only any property, but also a permanent settlement - he led a wandering lifestyle, ... I understood his most striking feature - his lack of existence. This was a man who did not create any kind of life around himself and lived outside of any structure.”

The 1920s were a time of intense and varied literary work. New poetry collections were published - “Tristia” (1922), “Second Book” (1923), “Poems” (1928). He continued to publish articles on literature - the collection “On Poetry” (1928). Two books of prose were published - the story “The Noise of Time” (1925) and “The Egyptian Stamp” (1928). Several books for children were also published - “Two Trams”, “Primus” (1925), “Balls” (1926). Mandelstam devotes a lot of time to translation work. Fluent in French, German and English, he undertook (often for the purpose of earning money) to translate the prose of contemporary foreign writers. He treated poetic translations with special care, demonstrating high skill. In the 1930s, when open persecution of the poet began and it became increasingly difficult to publish, translation remained the outlet where the poet could preserve himself. During these years he translated dozens of books. In the fall of 1933 he wrote the poem “We live without feeling the country beneath us...”, for which he was arrested in May 1934. Only Bukharin’s defense commuted the sentence - he was sent to Cherdyn-on-Kama, where he stayed for two weeks, fell ill, and was hospitalized. He was sent to Voronezh, where he worked in newspapers and magazines, and on the radio. After the end of his exile, he returns to Moscow, but is forbidden to live here. Lives in Kalinin. Having received a ticket to a sanatorium, he and his wife left for Samatikha, where he was again arrested. Sentence: 5 years in camps for counter-revolutionary activities. He was sent by stage to the Far East. In the transit camp on the Second River (now within the boundaries of Vladivostok) on December 27, 1938, O. Mandelstam died in a hospital barracks in the camp. V. Shklovsky said about Mandelstam: “He was a man... strange... difficult... touching... and brilliant!” The poet's wife Nadezhda Mandelstam and some of the poet's trusted friends preserved his poems, which became possible to publish in the 1960s. Now all the works of O. Mandelstam have been published.

Mandelstam Osip Emilievich (1891-1938) – writer, translator. Born January 3 (15), 1891 in Warsaw. Osip's father was engaged in small trade and leather production. The Mandelstam family moved to Pavlovsk in 1892, and then 5 years later to St. Petersburg. Osip studied at the Tenishevsky Commercial School.

Arriving in Paris in 1907, Mandelstam became a lecturer at the Sorbonne. He also attends lectures at the University of Heidelberg throughout the year.

In 1913, the first collection of poems, “Stone,” was published. In the 20s he worked a lot on translations. Perfect knowledge of German, English and French, actively translates prose and poetry of contemporary foreign writers.

In the 1930s, it was tiresomely difficult for Mandelstam to publish due to open persecution. Therefore, he translated dozens of books. For writing the poem “We live without feeling the country beneath us...” (1933) he was detained and sent into exile in Cherdyn-on-Kama. A few weeks later, due to health problems, he ends up in the hospital. Mandelstam is sent to Voronezh, where he works in periodicals and on radio. Even after the end of the period of exile, the writer is not allowed to live in Moscow. For counter-revolutionary activities, he was sent to the Far East for a second exile for 5 years straight from the sanatorium where he was vacationing with his wife.

Among the many amazing stories of great compatriots, the biography of Osip Mandelstam, although not particularly rich, is still remembered due to its tragedy. During his short life, he witnessed two revolutions, which affected not only his worldview, but also his poems. In addition to them, Osip Mandelstam's work includes prose, numerous essays, sketches, translations and literary criticism.

Childhood

Osip Emilievich Mandelstam, a Jew by origin, was born in January 1891 in the capital of Poland, which at that time was assigned to Russia. Almost immediately after the birth of their son, the family moved to St. Petersburg. Emilius Veniaminovich, the boy’s father, earned his living by making gloves, and was also a member of the first guild as a merchant, thanks to which he occupied a good position in society. And his mother, Flora Verblovskaya, studied music, a love for which the younger Mandelstam inherited from her. From 1900 to 1907, Osip Emilievich studied at the prestigious Tenishev School, where Nabokov once received his education. After graduation, the parents send their son to Paris, and later to Germany (thanks to their financial security). At the Sorbonne, he attends many lectures, gets acquainted with French poetry and meets his future friend, Nikolai Gumilyov.

Return to homeland

Unfortunately, the Mandelstam family went bankrupt by 1911, and Osip returned to St. Petersburg. In the same year, he was enrolled in the Faculty of History and Philology at St. Petersburg University, but he never managed to complete his studies due to frivolity, and in 1917 he was expelled. During this period, his political sympathies were given to the left Socialist Revolutionaries and Social Democrats. He also actively preaches Marxism. The work of Osip Mandelstam was formed during the French period of his life, and his first poems were published in 1910 in the Apollo magazine.

"Workshop of Poets"

It is so accepted that poets always need like-minded people and belonging to a certain movement. The group “Workshop of Poets” consisted of the following famous personalities, like Gumilyov, Akhmatova, and, of course, Mandelstam often attended meetings. Osip Emilievich in his early years gravitated towards symbolism, but later became a follower of Acmeism, like his closest friends from the club. The grain of this trend is clear, distinct images and realism. Thus, in 1913, Mandelstam’s first collection of poems, entitled “Stone,” absorbed precisely the spirit of Acmeism. In those same years, he spoke publicly, visited Stray Dog, and also met Blok, Tsvetaeva and Livshits.

Years of wandering

The biography of Osip Mandelstam during this period is very stormy. When does the first one begin? world war, due to health problems, the poet does not go to the front. But the revolution of 1917 was very clearly reflected in his lyrics. His ideological and Political Views change again, now in favor of the Bolsheviks. He writes many poems directed against the king and the army. During this period, he gained increasing fame and success, actively traveled around the country and was published in many publications. Unknown reasons prompted him to move to Kyiv, where Osip Khazina’s future wife lived at that moment. Before his marriage in 1922, he managed to live for some time in Crimea, where he was arrested on suspicion of Bolshevik intelligence. A year after his release, fate sends him to Georgia. However, an unpleasant surprise awaits the poet there too. He is again put behind bars, but thanks to the efforts of local colleagues, he manages to quickly be freed.

Immediately after serving his sentence in Georgia, the biography of Osip Mandelstam again returns him to his native Petrograd. His attitude towards the revolution is reflected in the next collection of poems called Tristia, which was published in 1922 in Berlin. Then he binds himself with sacred bonds with Nadezhda Yakovlevna. A sweet tragedy reigns in the works of that time, accompanied by a longing for parting with values, people and places. After this, the poet Osip Mandelstam goes into a deep and protracted poetic crisis, initially delighting his admirers only with rare poems in which he expresses sorrow over the death of the old culture. And in the five-year period (from 1925 to 1930) he wrote nothing at all other than prose. In order to somehow survive in harsh conditions, he is engaged in translations. Third and final collection with simple name"Poems" was published in 1928. In this he is greatly assisted by Bukharin, who occupies far from the last place in the Kremlin. However, supporters of Stalin, who is actively gaining strength, are looking for any excuse to frame the poet.

Last years of life

The biography of Osip Mandelstam in the 30s takes him and his wife to the Caucasus, which also did not happen without the help and troubles of Bukharin. This is more likely to be a reason to hide from persecution than a vacation. Trips help Osip Emilievich regain interest in poetry, which results in a collection of essays, “A Trip to Armenia,” which, however, was rejected by ideology. After 3 years, the poet returns home. His views are again undergoing changes, and disappointment in the previously revered communism completely obscures his mind. From his pen comes the scandalous epigram “The Kremlin Highlander,” which he reads to a curious public. Among these people there is an informer who is in a hurry to report to Stalin. In 1934, Osip faced another arrest and exile to Perm region, where he is accompanied by his faithful wife. There he tries to commit suicide, but the attempt ends in failure. After this, the spouses are sent to Voronezh. It was there that the best and last poems were written with the signature “Osip Mandelstam,” whose biography and work ended in 1938.

Death

In 1937, the poet and his wife returned to Moscow. However, a year later he was arrested again in Samatikha. He is sentenced to five years in correctional camps. Unfortunately, he falls ill with typhus while working somewhere near Vladivostok, as a result of which he dies. Most of his poems have survived to this day thanks to the efforts of his wife. During travels and exile, she hid her husband's works or memorized them by heart. Mandelstam was buried in a mass grave.

Osip Mandelstam is a Russian poet, prose writer and translator, essayist, critic and literary critic. His works had a great influence on Russian poetry of the Silver Age.

Mandelstam is considered one of the greatest Russian poets of the 20th century. There is a lot of tragedy in it, which we will talk about in this article.

So, in front of you short biography Osip Mandelstam.

Biography of Mandelstam

Osip Emilievich Mandelstam was born on January 3, 1891 in Warsaw. It is interesting that the future poet was initially named Joseph, but after some time he decided to change his name to “Osip”.

The boy grew up in an intelligent Jewish family.

His father, Emil, was a professional glover and was a merchant of the first guild. His mother, Flora Ovseevna, was a musician, so she managed to instill in her son a love of music.

Later Osip Mandelstam will say that poetry in its essence is very close to music.

Childhood and youth

In 1897, the Mandelstam family moved to. When the boy turns 9 years old, he enters the Tenishev School.

It is worth noting that this educational institution was called the Russian forge of “cultural personnel” of the early 20th century.

Osip Mandelstam in childhood

Soon, 17-year-old Osip goes to Paris to study at the Sorbonne. In this regard, he has been in the capital of France for 2 years.

Thanks to this, he studies the works of French poets with great interest, and also reads Baudelaire and Verlaine.

IN this period biography Mandelstam meets, with whom he immediately finds a common language.

Soon he begins to write his first poems. From his pen comes the poem “Tenderer than Tender,” dedicated to.

It is interesting because it is written in the style love lyrics, since Mandelstam wrote little in this direction.

In 1911, the poet experienced serious financial problems, so he had to leave his studies in Europe. In this regard, he decides to enter St. Petersburg University in the department of history and philology.

It is worth noting that Osip Mandelstam had little interest in studying, so he received low grades. This resulted in him never receiving a college degree.

IN free time the poet often goes to visit Gumilyov, where he meets. He will consider friendship with them one of major events in his biography.

Soon Mandelstam begins to publish his works in various publications.

Osip Mandelstam in his youth

In particular, he read the poem “We live without feeling the country beneath us,” where he directly ridicules. Soon someone denounced the poet, as a result of which Mandelstam began to be subjected to constant persecution.

Less than a year later he was arrested and sent into exile in Cherdyn, Perm Territory. There he attempts to jump out of the window. After this incident, Mandelstam's wife began to do everything possible to save her husband.

Mandelstam with his wife Nadezhda

She wrote to various authorities and described the state of affairs to friends and acquaintances. Thanks to this, they were allowed to move to Voronezh, where they lived in deep poverty until the end of their exile.

Returning home, Osip Mandelstam still experienced many difficulties and persecution from the current government. Soon, members of the Writers' Union labeled his poems "obscene and slanderous."

Every day Mandelstam's position became more and more difficult.

On May 1, 1938, he was arrested again, and on August 2, he was sentenced to five years in a forced labor camp. The poet's heart could not stand this.

Mandelstam after his second arrest in 1938. Photo of the NKVD

Death

Osip Emilievich Mandelstam died in a transit camp on December 27, 1938. He was only 47 years old. Official reason death was named typhus.

Mandelstam's body, along with the other deceased, lay unburied until spring. Then the entire “winter stack” was buried in a mass grave.

To date, the exact burial place of Mandelstam remains unknown.

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Osip Emilievich Mandelstam(birth name - Joseph; January 3, 1891, Warsaw - December 27, 1938, Vladivostok transit point of Dalstroy in Vladivostok) - Russian poet, prose writer, essayist, translator and literary critic, one of the greatest Russian poets of the 20th century.

Joseph Emilievich Mandelstam
Date of birth: January 3 (15), 1891
Place of birth: Warsaw, Russian Empire
Date of death: December 27, 1938
Place of death: Vladivostok transit point of Dalstroy in Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, RSFSR, USSR
Citizenship: Russian Empire USSR
Type of activity:
poet
translator
literary critic
Direction:
symbolism (until 1912)
acmeism
Wikisource logo Works on Wikisource
Commons-logo.svg Files on Wikimedia Commons

Early years[edit | edit wiki text]
Osip Mandelstam was born on January 3 (January 15, new style) 1891 in Warsaw into a Jewish family. Father, Emily Veniaminovich (Emil, Khaskl, Khatskel Beniaminovich) Mandelstam (1856-1938), was a master glove maker and was a member of the first guild of merchants, which gave him the right to live outside the Pale of Settlement, despite Jewish origin. Mother, Flora Ovseevna Verblovskaya (1866-1916), was a musician.

In 1897, the Mandelstam family moved to St. Petersburg. Osip was educated at the Tenishevsky School (from 1900 to 1907), the Russian forge of “cultural personnel” of the early twentieth century.

In August 1907, he applied for admission as a volunteer to the natural department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University, but, having taken the documents from the office, he left for Paris in October. In 1908-1910, Mandelstam studied at the Sorbonne and the University of Heidelberg. At the Sorbonne he attends lectures by A. Bergson and J. Bedier at the Collège de France. Meets Nikolai Gumilyov, is fascinated by French poetry: Old French epic, Francois Villon, Baudelaire and Verlaine.

In between trips abroad, he visits St. Petersburg, where he attends lectures on poetry at the “tower” by Vyacheslav Ivanov.

By 1911, the family began to go bankrupt, and studying in Europe became impossible. In order to bypass the quota for Jews when entering St. Petersburg University, Mandelstam was baptized by a Methodist pastor.

Studies
On September 10, 1911, he was enrolled in the Romano-Germanic department of the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University, where he studied intermittently until 1917. He studies carelessly and never finishes the course.

In 1911, he met Anna Akhmatova and visited the Gumilyov couple.

The first publication was the magazine “Apollo”, 1910, No. 9. He was also published in the magazines “Hyperborea”, “New Satyricon”, etc.

Since November 1911, he regularly participates in meetings of the Workshop of Poets. In 1912 he met A. Blok. At the end of the same year he became a member of the Acmeist group.

He considered his friendship with the Acmeists (Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilev) to be one of the main successes of his life.

The poetic searches of this period were reflected in the debut book of poems “Stone” (three editions: 1913, 1916 and 1923, the contents varied). He is at the center of poetic life, regularly reads poetry in public, and visits “ stray dog", gets acquainted with futurism, becomes close to Benedict Livshits.

In 1915 he met Anastasia and Marina Tsvetaev. In 1916, Marina Tsvetaeva entered the life of O. E. Mandelstam.

IN Soviet Russia
After October Revolution works in newspapers, in the People's Commissariat for Education, travels around the country, publishes in newspapers, performs poetry, and gains success. In 1919, in Kyiv, he met his future wife, Nadezhda Yakovlevna Khazina. During the Civil War he wanders with his wife around Russia, Ukraine, Georgia; been arrested. He had the opportunity to escape with the whites to Turkey from Crimea, but, like Voloshin, he chose to remain in Soviet Russia. Moves to Petrograd, settles in the House of Arts. N. Chukovsky, who knew him closely, left the following memories of him from this period: “Mandelshtam was a short man, lean, well built, with thin face and kind eyes. He was already noticeably bald, and this apparently bothered him..."

In 1922 he registered his marriage with Nadezhda Yakovlevna Khazina. Meets Boris Pasternak.

Poems from the time of the First World War and the Revolution (1916-1920) made up the second book “Tristia” (“Sorrowful Elegies”, the title goes back to Ovid), published in 1922 in Berlin. In 1923, the “Second Book” was published with a general dedication to “N. X." - to my wife. In 1922, the article “On the Nature of Word” was published as a separate brochure in Kharkov.

From May 1925 to October 1930 there was a pause in poetic creativity. At this time, prose was written, to the “Noise of Time” created in 1923 (the title plays on Blok’s metaphor “music of time”), the story “The Egyptian Brand” (1927), varying Gogol’s motifs, was added. He makes his living by translating poetry.
In 1928, the last lifetime collection of poetry, “Poems,” was published, as well as a book of his selected articles, “On Poetry.”

Business trips to the Caucasus

In 1930 he finished work on the “Fourth Prose”. N. Bukharin is concerned about Mandelstam’s business trip to Armenia. In Erivan, the poet meets the scientist, theoretical biologist Boris Kuzin, and a close friendship develops between them. The meeting is described by Mandelstam in “Travel to Armenia.” N. Ya. Mandelstam believed that this meeting turned out to be “fate for all three. Without her, Osya often said, “maybe there wouldn’t be any poems.” Mandelstam later wrote about Kuzin: “My new prose and the entire last period of my work are imbued with his personality. To him and only to him I owe the fact that I introduced the so-called period into literature. "mature Mandelstam." After traveling to the Caucasus (Armenia, Sukhum, Tiflis), Osip Mandelstam returned to writing poetry.

Mandelstam's poetic gift reaches its peak, but it is almost never published. The intercession of B. Pasternak and N. Bukharin gives the poet small breaks from everyday life.
Independently studies Italian, reads the Divine Comedy in the original. The programmatic poetological essay “Conversation about Dante” was written in 1933. Mandelstam discusses it with A. Bely.

Devastating articles were published in Literaturnaya Gazeta, Pravda, and Zvezda in connection with the publication of Mandelstam’s “Travel to Armenia” (Zvezda, 1933, No. 5).

B. L. Pasternak called this act suicide:
One day, while walking along the streets, they wandered into some deserted outskirts of the city in the Tverskiye-Yamskiye area; Pasternak remembered the creaking of dray carts as the background sound. Here Mandelstam read to him about the Kremlin highlander. After listening, Pasternak said: “What you read to me has nothing to do with literature or poetry. This is not a literary fact, but an act of suicide that I do not approve of and in which I do not want to take part. You didn’t read anything to me, I didn’t hear anything, and I ask you not to read them to anyone else.”
One of the listeners denounces Mandelstam. The investigation into the case was led by N. Kh. Shivarov.

On the night of May 13-14, 1934, Mandelstam was arrested and sent into exile in Cherdyn (Perm region). Osip Mandelstam is accompanied by his wife, Nadezhda Yakovlevna. In Cherdyn, O. E. Mandelstam attempts suicide (throws himself out of the window). Nadezhda Yakovlevna Mandelstam writes to all Soviet authorities and to all her acquaintances. With the assistance of Nikolai Bukharin, Mandelstam is allowed to independently choose a place to settle. The Mandelstams choose Voronezh. They live in poverty, and are occasionally helped financially by a few friends who have not given up. From time to time O. E. Mandelstam works part-time at a local newspaper and in the theater. Close people visit them, Nadezhda Yakovlevna’s mother, artist V.N. Yakhontov, Anna Akhmatova. Here he writes the famous cycle of poems (the so-called “Voronezh notebooks”).
In May 1937, the term of exile ends, and the poet unexpectedly receives permission to leave Voronezh. He and his wife return to Moscow for a short while. In a 1938 statement by the Secretary of the USSR Writers' Union V. Stavsky addressed to the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs N. I. Yezhov, it was proposed to “resolve the issue of Mandelstam”; his poems were called “obscene and slanderous.” Joseph Prut and Valentin Kataev were named in the letter as having “spoken sharply” in defense of Osip Mandelstam.

At the beginning of March 1938, the Mandelstam spouses moved to the Samatikha trade union health resort (Egoryevsky district of the Moscow region, now assigned to the Shatura district). There, on the night of May 1-2, 1938, Osip Emilievich was arrested a second time and taken to the Cherusti railway station, which was located 25 kilometers from Samatikha. After which he was convoyed to a camp in the Far East.
Osip Mandelstam died on December 27, 1938 from typhus in the Vladperpunkt transit camp (Vladivostok). Until spring, Mandelstam’s body, along with the other deceased, lay unburied. Then the entire “winter stack” was buried in a mass grave.

Researchers of the poet’s work noted “a concrete vision of the future, so characteristic of Mandelstam,” and that “a sense of tragic death permeates Mandelstam’s poems.” A foreshadowing of his own fate was a poem by the Georgian poet N. Mitsishvili translated by Mandelstam back in 1921:

«
When I fall to die under a fence in some hole,
And there will be nowhere for the soul to escape from the cast-iron cold -
I will politely leave quietly. I'll blend in with the shadows imperceptibly.
And the dogs will take pity on me, kissing me under the dilapidated fence.
There will be no procession. Violets will not decorate me,
And the maidens will not scatter flowers over the black grave...

»
Rehabilitated posthumously: in the case of 1938 - in 1956, in the case of 1934 - in 1987. The location of the poet's grave is still unknown.

Poetics of Mandelstam[edit | edit wiki text]
Periodization of creativity[edit | edit wiki text]
L. Ginzburg (in the book “On Lyrics”) proposed to distinguish three periods of the poet’s work. This point of view is shared by the majority of Mandelstam scholars (in particular, M. L. Gasparov).
The “Stone” period: a combination of “Tyutchev’s severity” with “Verlaine’s childishness.” “Tyutchev’s severity” is the seriousness and depth of poetic themes; “Verlaine’s childishness” is the ease and spontaneity of their presentation. The word is a stone. The poet is an architect, builder.

The “Tristian” period, until the end of the 1920s: poetics of associations. The word is flesh, soul, it freely chooses its objective meaning. Another face of this poetics is fragmentation and paradox. Mandelstam wrote later: “Any word is a bundle, the meaning sticks out from it in different directions, and does not rush to one official point.” Sometimes, in the course of writing a poem, the poet radically changed the original concept, sometimes he simply discarded the initial stanzas that served as the key to the content, so that the final text turned out to be a difficult-to-understand construction. This way of writing, issuing explanations and preambles, was associated with the very process of creating a poem, the content and final form of which were not “predetermined” by the author. (See, for example, the attempt to reconstruct the writing of the “Slate Ode” by M. L. Gasparov.)

The period of the thirties of the XX century: the cult of creative impulse and the cult of metaphorical cipher. “I alone write from my voice,” Mandelstam said about himself. First, the meter “came” to him (“movement of the lips,” muttering), and from the common metric root, poems grew in “twos” and “threes.” This is how many poems were created by the mature Mandelstam. A wonderful example of this style of writing: his amphibrachs of November 1933 (“The apartment is quiet as paper”, “At our holy youth”, “Tatars, Uzbeks and Nenets”, “I love the appearance of fabric”, “Oh butterfly, oh Muslim”, “ When, having destroyed the sketch”, “And the maple’s jagged paw”, “Tell me, draftsman of the desert”, “In needle-shaped plague glasses”, “And I leave space”).

N. Struve proposes to distinguish not three, but six periods:

1. Belated Symbolist: 1908-1911
2. Militant Acmeist: 1912-1915
3. Akmeist deep: 1916-1921
4. At a crossroads: 1922-1925
5. On the return of breath: 1930-1934
6. Voronezh notebooks: 1935-1937

Evolution of the Mandelstam metric

M. L. Gasparov described the evolution of the poet’s metrics as follows:

1908-1911 - years of study, poetry in the tradition of Verlaine’s “songs without words.” The metric is dominated by iambics (60% of all lines, iambic tetrameter predominates). Choreans - about 20%.
1912-1915 - St. Petersburg, Acmeism, “material” poems, work on “The Stone”. Maximum iambicity (70% of all lines, but iambic 4-meter shares the dominant position with iambic 5- and 6-meter).
1916-1920 - revolution and civil war, development of an individual manner. Iambics are slightly inferior (up to 60%), trochees increase to 20%.
1921-1925 - transition period. The iambic recedes another step (50%, mixed-footed and free iambs become noticeable), making room for experimental meters: logaeda, accented verse, free verse (20%).
1926-1929 - pause in poetic creativity.
1930-1934 - interest in experimental meters continues (dolnik, taktovik, five-syllable, free verse - 25%), but a violent passion for three-syllables breaks out (40%). Yamba −30%.
1935-1937 - some restoration of metric balance. Iambics increase again to 50%, experimental dimensions drop to nothing, but the level of trisyllabics remains elevated: 20%
Mandelstam and music[edit | edit wiki text]
As a child, at the insistence of his mother, Mandelstam studied music. Through the eyes of the poet of high book culture that was born in him, he even saw poeticized visual images in the lines of musical notation and wrote about this in the “Egyptian Stamp”: “Music writing caresses the eye no less than music itself caresses the ear. The blacks of the piano scale, like lamplighters, climb up and down... The mirage cities of musical notes stand, like birdhouses, in boiling resin...” In his perception, “concert descents of Chopin’s mazurkas” and “parks with curtains of Mozart”, “Schubert’s musical vineyard” and “the low-growing bush of Beethoven’s sonatas,” Handel’s “turtles” and “the militant pages of Bach,” and the musicians of the violin orchestra, like mythical dryads, got tangled up with “branches, roots and bows.”

Mandelstam's musicality and his deep connection with musical culture were noted by his contemporaries. “Osip was at home in music,” wrote Anna Akhmatova in “Leaves from the Diary.” Even when he slept, it seemed “that every vein in him was listening and hearing some kind of divine music.”

Composer Arthur Lurie, who knew the poet closely, wrote that “live music was a necessity for him. The element of music fed his poetic consciousness.” I. Odoevtseva quoted Mandelstam’s words: “From childhood I fell in love with Tchaikovsky, I fell in love with him for the rest of my life, to the point of painful frenzy... From then on I felt myself forever connected with music, without any right to this connection...”, and he himself wrote in “Noise” time”: “I don’t remember how this reverence for the symphony orchestra was cultivated in me, but I think that I correctly understood Tchaikovsky, guessing in him a special concert feeling.”

Mandelstam perceived the art of poetry as akin to music and was confident that in their creative self-expression, true composers and poets always follow the path “by which we suffer, like music and words.”

He heard and reproduced the music of real poems when reading them in his own intonation, regardless of who wrote them. M. Voloshin felt this “musical charm” in the poet: “Mandelshtam does not want to speak in verse, he is a born singer... Mandelstam’s voice is unusually sonorous and rich in shades...”

E. G. Gershtein talked about Mandelstam’s reading of the last stanza of the poem “Summer” by B. Pasternak: “What a pity that it is impossible to make a musical notation to convey the sound of the third line, this rolling wave of the first two words (“and the harp rustles”) pouring in , like the growing sound of an organ, in the words “Arabian hurricane”... He generally had his own motive. One day in Shchipka, as if some wind lifted him from his seat and carried him to the piano, he played a sonatina by Mozart or Clementi, familiar to me from childhood, with exactly the same nervous, soaring intonation... How he achieved this in music, I don’t know I understand, because the rhythm was not broken in a single measure...”

“Music contains the atoms of our being,” Mandelstam wrote, and is “the fundamental principle of life.” In his article “The Morning of Acmeism,” Mandelstam wrote: “For Acmeists, the conscious meaning of the word, Logos, is as beautiful a form as music is for the Symbolists.” A quick break with symbolism and a transition to the Acmeists was heard in the call - “...and return the word to music” (“Silentium”, 1910).

According to G. S. Pomerantz, “Mandelshtam’s space... is similar to the space of pure music. Therefore, it is useless to read Mandelstam without understanding this quasi-musical space”:

«
You can't breathe, and the firmament is infested with worms,
And not a single star says
But God knows, there is music above us...
...And it seems to me: all in music and foam,
The iron world trembles so miserably...
...Where are you going? At the funeral funeral of the dear shadow
IN last time The music sounds to us!

"Concert at the Station" (1921)

»
Mandelstam in literature and literary criticism of the 20th century[edit | edit wiki text]
An exceptional role in preserving Mandelstam’s poetic heritage of the 1930s was played by the life feat of his wife, Nadezhda Yakovlevna Mandelstam, and the people who helped her, such as S. B. Rudakov and Mandelstam’s Voronezh friend Natalya Shtempel. The manuscripts were kept in Nadezhda Yakovlevna’s boots and in pots. In her will, Nadezhda Yakovlevna actually denies Soviet Russia any right to publish Mandelstam’s poems.

In the circle of Anna Akhmatova in the 1970s, the future Nobel Prize winner in literature I. A. Brodsky was called “the younger Osei.” According to V. Ya. Vilenkin, of all the contemporary poets, “Anna Andreevna treated only Mandelstam as some kind of miracle of poetic primordiality, a miracle worthy of admiration.”

According to Nikolai Bukharin, expressed in a letter to Stalin in 1934, Mandelstam is “a first-class poet, but absolutely out of date.”

Before the start of perestroika, Mandelstam’s Voronezh poems of the 1930s were not published in the USSR, but circulated in copies and reprints, as in the 19th century, or in samizdat.

World fame comes to Mandelstam's poetry before and regardless of the publication of his poems in Soviet Russia.

Since the 1930s, his poems have been quoted, allusions to his poems in poetry have multiplied completely different authors and in many languages.

Mandelstam is translated into German by one of the leading European poets of the 20th century, Paul Celan.

In the USA, K. Taranovsky, who conducted a seminar on Mandelstam’s poetry at Harvard, studied the poet’s work.

Nabokov V.V. calls Mandelstam the only poet of Stalin's Russia.

According to the modern Russian poet Maxim Amelin: “During his lifetime, Mandelstam was considered a third-rate poet. Yes, he was appreciated in his own circle, but his circle was very small.”

Addresses[edit | edit wiki text]
Addresses in St. Petersburg - Petrograd - Leningrad[edit | edit wiki text]
1899-1900 - apartment building- Ofitserskaya street, 17;
1901-1904 - apartment building - Liteiny Avenue, 49;
1904-1905 - Liteiny Avenue, 15;
1907 - apartment building of A. O. Meyer - Nikolaevskaya street, 66;
1908 - apartment building - Sergievskaya street, 60;
1910-1912 - apartment building - Zagorodny Avenue, 70;
1913 - apartment building - Zagorodny Avenue, 14;
1914 - apartment building - Ivanovskaya street, 16;
1915 - Malaya Monetnaya Street, 15;
1917-1918 - apartment of M. L. Lozinsky - Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt, 24, apt. 35;
autumn 1920 - 02.1921 - DISK - 25th October Avenue, 15;
summer 1924 - the Maradudins’ apartment in the courtyard wing of the mansion of E.P. Vonlyarlyarsky - Herzen Street, 49, apt. 4;
end of 1930 - 01.1931 - apartment building - 8th line, 31;
1933 - hotel "European" - Rakova street, 7;
autumn 1937 - house of the Court Stable Department - Griboyedov Canal embankment, 9.
Addresses in Moscow[edit | edit wiki text]
Teatralnaya Square, Metropol Hotel (in 1918 - “2nd House of Soviets”). In number 253 no later than June 1918, after moving to Moscow, O. M. settled as an employee of the People's Commissariat for Education.
Ostozhenka, 53. Former Katkovsky Lyceum. In 1918-1919 The People's Commissariat for Education was located here, where O.E. worked.
Tverskoy Boulevard, 25. Herzen House. O. E. and N. Ya. lived here in the left wing from 1922 to August 1923, and then in the right wing from January 1932 to October-November 1933.
Savelyevsky lane, 9 (formerly Savelovsky. Since 1990 - Pozharsky lane). Apartment of E. Ya. Khazin, brother of Nadezhda Yakovlevna. O. E. and N. Ya. lived here in October 1923.
B. Yakimanka 45, apt. 8. The house has not survived. Here the Mandelstams rented a room at the end of 1923 - in the first half of 1924.
Profsoyuznaya, 123A. Sanatorium TSEKUBU (Central Commission for Improving the Living Life of Scientists). The sanatorium still exists today. The Mandelstams lived here twice - in 1928 and 1932.
Kropotkinskaya embankment, 5. TSEKUBU dormitory. The house has not survived. In the spring of 1929, O. E. lived here (the building is mentioned in the “Fourth Prose”).
M. Bronnaya, 18/13. From the autumn of 1929 to the beginning of 1930 (?) O. E. and N. Ya. lived in the apartment of the “ITR worker” (E. G. Gershtein)
Tverskaya, 5 (according to the old numbering - 15). Now in this building there is a theater named after. M. N. Ermolova. The editorial offices of the newspapers “Moskovsky Komsomolets”, “Pyatidenevka”, “Evening Moscow” where O.E. worked.
Pinch, 6-8. O. E. and N. Ya. lived in the service apartment of their father E. G. Gershtein. There is no data on the safety of the house.
Starosadsky lane 10, apt. 3. A.E. Mandelstam's room in a communal apartment. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the Mandelstams often lived and visited here.
Lavrushinsky lane 17, apt. 47. Apartment of V. B. and V. G. Shklovsky in the “writer’s house”. In 1937-1938 O. E. and N. Ya. always found shelter and help here. At this address N.Ya. was again registered in Moscow in 1965.
Rusanovsky lane 4, apt. 1. The house has not survived. Apartment of the writer Ivich-Bernstein, who gave shelter to O. Mandelstam after the Voronezh exile.
Nashchokinsky lane 3-5, apt. 26 (formerly Furmanov St.). The house has not survived. There was a trace of its roof on the end wall of the neighboring house. First and last own apartment O. Mandelstam in Moscow. The Mandelstams probably moved into it in the fall of 1933. Apparently, “We live without feeling the country beneath us…” was written here. Here in May 1934 O.E. was arrested.
Novoslobodskaya 45. Butyrskaya prison. Now - Pre-trial detention center (SIZO) No. 2. O. E. was kept here for a month in 1938.
Lubyanskaya sq. The building of the Cheka-OGPU-NKVD. Now the building of the FSB of the Russian Federation. During his arrests in 1934 and 1938. O.E. was kept here.
Cheremushkinskaya st. 14, building 1, apt. 4. Moscow apartment N.Ya., where, starting in 1965, she lived recent years life.
Ryabinovaya st. Kuntsevo cemetery. Old part. Area 3, burial 31-43. The grave of N. Ya. and the cenotaph (memorial stone) of O. E. The soil taken from the mass grave of prisoners of the Second River camp was brought and buried here.
Addresses in Voronezh[edit | edit wiki text]
Revolution Avenue, 46 - the Mandelstams stayed here at the Central Hotel after arriving in Voronezh in June 1934.
St. Uritsky - O. E. managed to rent a summer terrace in a private house in the village near the station, where he and his wife lived from July to October, before the onset of cold weather.
St. Shveinikov, 4b (formerly 2nd Linenaya Street) - the so-called “Mandelshtam’s pit” (according to a poem he wrote in 1935). Since October 1934, the Mandelstams rented a room from agronomist E. P. Vdovin.
Corner of Revolution Avenue and st. 25 years of October - they rented a room (“furniture house” - according to the memoirs of N. Ya. Mandelstam) from an NKVD employee from April 1935 to March 1936. In this room in February 1936, the poet A. A. Akhmatova visited. A high-rise building was built on the site of the old house.
St. Friedrich Engels, 13. Since March 1936, the Mandelstams rented a room in one of the apartments of this house. In 2008, a bronze monument to the poet was erected opposite the house.
St. Pyatnitskogo (formerly 27 February street), no. 50, apt. 1 - Mandelstam's last address in Voronezh. From here Mandelstam left for Moscow in May 1937, after the expiration period ended. The house is destroyed.

Heritage and memory[edit | edit wiki text]
Mandelstam Society[edit | edit wiki text]
In 1991, in order to preserve, study and popularize the poet’s creative heritage, the Mandelstam Society was founded, which united professional researchers and connoisseurs of O. E. Mandelstam’s work. Founders public organization became the Russian Pen Center and the Memorial Society. The first chairmen were S.S. Averintsev, and after his death - M.L. Gasparov.

Members of the society hold thematic meetings and conferences. Among the famous publications of the Mandelstam Society is the publication in 1993-1999. collected works of Mandelstam in 4 volumes, serial publications - “Notes of the Mandelstam Society”, “Library of the Mandelstam Society”, collections of articles and conference materials.

In the mid-1990s, the Mandelstam Society came up with the idea of ​​​​creating the Mandelstam Encyclopedia, the concept of which was supported by the Russian State University for the Humanities and the publishing house "Russian Political Encyclopedia" (ROSSPEN). The editorial board of the upcoming publication also included the alleged authors of the key articles, Averintsev and Gasparov. The latter, before his death in 2005, managed to prepare about 130 articles about individual poems of the poet.

Work on the encyclopedia continues in the Mandelstam Society, the Mandelstam Studies Cabinet of the Scientific Library of the Russian State University for the Humanities and the State Literary Museum, which took upon itself the selection of illustrations from its own collections for the 2-volume edition. In 2007, the publishing house of the Russian State University for the Humanities published a collection of selected methodological and dictionary materials from the encyclopedia project - “O. E. Mandelstam, his predecessors and contemporaries"

Memory[edit | edit wiki text]

Mandelstam - anniversary postcard with original stamp. USSR, 1991
On February 1, 1992, in Paris, the Sorbonne building was strengthened memorial plaque in honor of the 100th anniversary of Osip Mandelstam. Sculptor Boris Lejeune
In 1998, a monument to Osip Mandelstam (author Valery Nenazhivin) was unveiled in Vladivostok. Later it was moved to the VSUES park.

Monument to the poet in Voronezh. Sculptor - L. Gadaev
On June 30, 2007 in St. Petersburg (in the courtyard of the Fountain House on the embankment of the Fontanka River, 34), a monument to O. Mandelstam (sculptor Vyacheslav Bukhaev) was unveiled.
On September 4, 2008, a monument was unveiled in Voronezh, in the Orlyonok park. The author of the monument is Lazar Gadaev.
On November 28, 2008, the monument was unveiled in the center of Moscow at the intersection of Zabelina Street and Starosadsky Lane, in the courtyard of the house where the poet was visiting his brother Alexander.
On May 25, 2010, a monument to Osip and Nadezhda Mandelstam was unveiled in St. Petersburg (in the courtyard of the building of the Twelve Colleges of St. Petersburg State University).
In 2011, the first museum of O. E. Mandelstam opened in the city of Fryazino, Moscow region.
On December 15, 2011, a permanent exhibition dedicated to the life and work of the poet opened at the Voronezh Literary Museum.
The name of Osip Mandelstam was assigned to the A330 VQ-BQX aircraft in the Aeroflot fleet.
Rap artist Noize MC recorded the soundtrack “Save My Speech” for the documentary film “Save My Speech Forever,” dedicated to Osip Mandelstam.
Mandelstam Street[edit | edit wiki text]
In 2011 in Voronezh, the possibility of renaming one of the streets to Mandelstam Street was considered. However, due to protests from residents who did not want to deal with re-registration of registration and documents, they decided to abandon the renaming.
In May 2012, according to Polish media reports, the world's first Mandelstam Street appeared in Warsaw.
Literature[edit | edit wiki text]
Authoritative editions of the works of O. E. Mandelstam[edit | edit wiki text]
Mandelstam O. E. Collected works in three volumes. Introductory articles by Prof. Clarence Brown, prof. G. P. Struve and B. A. Filippova. - Washington: Inter-Language Literary Associates/International Literary Commonwealth, 1967. Fourth, additional volume: Mandelstam, Osip. Collected works. IV - additional volume. Edited by G. Struve, N. Struve and B. Filippov. - Paris: YMCA-Press, 1981.
Mandelstam O. E. Poems - L.: Soviet writer, 1973, 336 p. - Poet's library. Large series (reprinted in 1974, 1978 and 1979)
Mandelstam O. E. Works. In 2 vols. M.: Fiction, 1990. T.1 - 640 p., T.2 - 464 p. 200,000 copies
Mandelstam O. E. Stone / Ed. prepared L. Ya. Ginzburg, A. G. Mets, S. V. Vasilenko, Yu. L. Freidin. - M.: Nauka, 1991. - 400 p. (Literary monuments)
Mandelstam O. E. Collected works in four volumes. Publishing house "Art-Business Center", 1993-1999. Prepared by the Mandelstam Society.
Mandelstam O. E. Complete collection of poems. (New Poet Library) / Introductory articles by M. L. Gasparov and A. G. Mets. Compilation, preparation of text and notes by A. G. Mets. - St. Petersburg: Humanitarian Agency “Academic Project”, 1997. - 718 p. ISBN 5-7331-0090-7
Mandelstam O. E. Poems. Prose / Comp., intro. article and comment. M. L. Gasparova. - M.: AST; Kharkov: Folio, 2001. - 736 p. ISBN 5-17-006594-9 (AST); ISBN 966-03-1229-6 (Folio) (Poet's Library)
Mandelstam O. E. Complete works and letters. In 3 volumes. M.: Progress-Pleiada, 2009-2011.
T. 1. Poems. / Intro. Art. Vyach. Sun. Ivanova, subg. text and comments A. G. Mets. 2009. 808 pp. ISBN 978-5-93006-095-9
T. 2. Prose. / Comp. A. G. Mets. 2010. 760 pp. ISBN 978-5-93006-088-1
T. 3. Prose. Letters. / Comp. A. G. Mets. 2011. 944 pp. ISBN 978-5-904995-10-2
Application. Chronicle of life and creativity. / Comp. A. G. Mets with the participation of S. V. Vasilenko, L. M. Vidgof, D. I. Zubarev, E. I. Lubyannikova - 2014, 536 p. ISBN 978-5-904995-24-9
Literature about O. E. Mandelstam

Averintsev S. Article about Mandelstam
Gasparov M. L. Mandelstam’s “We will go the other way”: about the poem “To whom winter arak and blue-eyed punch...” // New Literary Review. - 2000. - No. 41.
Gasparov M. L. O. Mandelstam. Civil lyrics 1937. - M., 1996.
Gasparov M. L. Osip Mandelstam. His three poetics // Gasparov M. L. About Russian poetry. Analyzes. Interpretations. Characteristics. - St. Petersburg: Azbuka, 2001. P. 193-259.
Zholkovsky A.K. “I drink to military asters”: a poetic self-portrait of Mandelstam // Zholkovsky A.K. Selected articles about Russian poetry: Invariants, structures, strategies, intertexts. - M.: RSUH, 2005.
Life and work of O. E. Mandelstam: Memoirs. Materials for the biography. "New Poems". Comments. Research. - Voronezh: VSU Publishing House, 1990. - 544 p. Circulation 50,000 copies. ISBN 5-7455-0323-8
Ivanov Vyach. Sun. Osip Mandelstam's poem "Royal" //
Lahuti, Delir Gasemovic. “The image of Stalin in Mandelstam’s poetry and prose. An attempt at close reading (with pictures). Moscow, Russian State University for the Humanities, 2009
Kikhney L.G. Osip Mandelstam: The Genesis of the Word. - M.: Dialogue MSU, 2000. - 146 p. ISBN 5-89209-577-0
Levin Yu. I. Selected works. Poetics. Semiotics. - M., 1998. (Works about Mandelstam make up 2/3 of the collection).
Anatoly Livry, Mandelstam in Zarathustra’s Cave,” in the University Bulletin Russian Academy Education, Higher Attestation Commission, 1 - 2014, Moscow, p. 9 - 21. http://anatoly-livry.e-monsite.com/medias/files/mandelstam-livry026.pdf Copy on Nietzsche.ru: http://www.nietzsche.ru/influence/literatur/livri/mandelstam /. French version in Nietzscheforschung, Berlin, Humboldt-Universität, 2013, Band 20, S. 313-324:
http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/nifo.2013.20.issue-1/nifo.2013.20.1.313/nifo.2013.20.1.313.xml

Osip Mandelstam. Egyptian stamp. Explanations for the reader. / Compiled by: Oleg Lekmanov, Maria Kotova, O. Repina, Anna Sergeeva-Klyatis, S. Sinelnikov. - M.: OGI (United Humanitarian Publishing House), 2012. - 480 pp. ISBN 978-5-94282-634-5.
Musatov V.V. Lyrics of Osip Mandelstam. - Kyiv, 2000.
Panova L. G. “World”, “space”, “time” in the poetry of Osip Mandelstam. M.: Languages ​​of Slavic culture, 2003. - 808 pp. (“Studia philologica.”) - ISSN 1726-135X, ISBN 5-94457-086-5
Ronen O. Funeral of the sun in St. Petersburg. About two theatrical poems by Mandelstam // Zvezda. - 2003. - No. 5.
Ronen O. Poetics of Osip Mandelstam. - St. Petersburg, 2002.
Segal D. M. Osip Mandelstam. History and poetics. - Jerusalem, 1998.
Semenko I. M. Poetics of the late Mandelstam. - Rome, 1986 (2nd ed.: M., 1997).
Surat I.Z. Mandelstam and Pushkin. - M.: IMLI RAS, 2009. - 384 p. - ISBN 978-5-9208-345-0.
Taranovsky K.F. About poetry and poetics. - M., 2000. (Works about Mandelstam make up more than half of the collection).
Uspensky F. B. Works on the language and poetics of Osip Mandelstam: “The subordination of impulse and text” - M.: Foundation for the Development of Fundamental Linguistic Research, 2014, 216 p.
Dutli R. Meine Zeit, mein Tier. Ossip Mandelstam. Eine Biography. - Zurich, 2003.
Nilsson N. A. Osip Mandel’štam: Five Poems. - Stockholm, 1974.
Ronen O. An Approach to Mandelstam. - Jerusalem, 1983.
Nerler P. Con amore: Sketches about Mandelstam - M.: NLO, 2014, 856 p. ISBN 978-5-4448-0162-8

Biography

Lekmanov O. A. Mandelstam. - M.: Mol. Guard, 2004. - 255 p. ISBN 5-235-02653-5 (Life of remarkable people. Issue 888.)
Mandelstam, Nadezhda Yakovlevna. Memories. M.: Book, 1989.
Mandelstam, Nadezhda Yakovlevna. Second book. - M.: Moscow worker, 1990.
I returned to my city: Mandelstam's Petersburg. L.: Candle, 1991.
Stanislav Rassadin. Very simple Mandelstam - M.: Book Garden, 1994. - 160 p. ISBN 5-85676-029-8
Pavlov E. Shock of memory: Autobiographical poetics of Walter Benjamin and Osip Mandelstam / Trans. from English - 2nd ed. - M.: New Literary Review, 2014. - 224 p. - ( Scientific library). - 1500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-4448-0104-8
Memoirs of Evgeny Mandelstam about the origin of the Mandelstam and Verblovsky families
Family biography of the Mandelstams
Osip Mandelstam. Biography
Parallel-perpendicular decade. About monuments to Mandelstam. Article on booknik.ru
V. G. Zarubin. “On the arrest of the poet Mandelstam in Crimea in 1920.”
Collector and stringer of words Osip Mandelstam, Mikhail Ardov, archpriest, 2007-01-18
Fiction

Shalamov V. T. Sherry-Brandy. - Moscow. - 1988. - No. 9. (For the first time)