The word tall is in the simple comparative degree. Degrees of comparison of adjectives in Russian

English adjectives (as in Russian) have two degrees of comparison - comparative and superlative. Comparative degree English adjectives is used to compare two objects based on some characteristic, and superlative - to compare three or more objects. And the basic form of adjectives, as given in the dictionary, is called the positive degree.

Formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives in English

Degrees of comparison are formed using suffixes -er And -est , or additional words more (less) And the most (the least) .

How to choose one or another method of forming the degree of comparison?

The answer is very simple, but meaningful: the method of forming the degree of comparison depends on the number of syllables in the adjective.

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

	Positive degree	Comparative degree	Superlative
Monosyllabic adjectives (synthetic method)	🔊cold (cold)	🔊cold er (colder)	🔊 the cold est (coldest)
	🔊 big (big)	🔊big er (more)	🔊 the bigg est (biggest)
	🔊short (short)	🔊short er (Briefly speaking)	🔊 the short est(shortest)
Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y (synthetic method)	🔊 happy y (happy)	🔊 happy ier (happier)	🔊 the happiness iest (the happiest)
	🔊bus y (busy)	🔊bus ier (busier)	🔊 the bus iest (busiest)
Two-syllable adjectives ending in other letters (analytical method)	🔊 boring (boring)	🔊 more boring (more boring)	🔊 the most boring (most boring)
	🔊 important (important)	🔊 less important (less important)	🔊 the least important (least important)
Adjectives of three syllables or more (analytical method)	🔊 interesting (interesting)	🔊 less interesting (less interesting)	🔊 the least interesting (least interesting)
	🔊beautiful (Beautiful)	🔊 more beautiful (prettier)	🔊 the most beautiful (the most beautiful)

Spelling rules for the formation of comparative degrees

1. If a one-syllable adjective ends in a consonant and is preceded by a short vowel, then the consonant is doubled when adding suffixes: 🔊 bi g — 🔊 bi gg er, 🔊 ho t — 🔊 ho tt er.

2. If a two-syllable adjective ends in a letter -y , then when adding suffixes the letter -y changes to -i .

Exceptions in the formation of comparative degrees (supplemental method)

Positive degree	Comparative degree	Superlative
🔊 good (good)	🔊better (better)	🔊 the best (best)
🔊bad (bad)	🔊 worse (worse)	🔊 the worst (worst)
🔊 many (many (for countable))	🔊 more (more)	🔊 the most (biggest)
🔊 much (many (for uncountable))
🔊 little (few (for uncountable))	🔊less (less)	🔊 the least (smallest)
🔊far (far)	🔊farther (further)	🔊 the farthest (furthest)
	🔊 further	🔊 the furthest

Comparative constructions of English adjectives

1. 🔊Moscow is larger er than Rostov-on-Don. — Moscow pain higher than Rostov-on-Don.
2. 🔊 This film is less interesting than that one. — This film less interesting than that.
3. 🔊 This story is much longer than that one. — This story much longer than ta.
4. 🔊 This book is less gripping than that one. — This book less exciting than ta.
5. 🔊 This book is far better than that one. — This book much better than ta.
6. 1. 🔊 The sonn er you come the better. — How soon her you will come, the better.
   2. 🔊 The old er I get the happy er I am. — How old she I'm becoming those happy her.
7. 🔊 This dress is less beautiful than that one. - This is a dress not like that beautiful, How That.
8. 1. 🔊 It was ten times more difficult than I expected. - It was ten times more difficult than I expected.
   2. 🔊 She can swim three times further than you. - She's swimming three times further than You.
   3. But: 🔊 She is twice as beautiful as her sister. — But: She twice more beautiful how her sister.
9. 🔊 Moscow is the bigg est city ​​in Russia. - Moscow - most big city in Russia.
10. 🔊 This film is the best I could find. — This film the best one I could find.
11. 🔊 This story is the best I've ever read. — This story the best I've ever read.
12. 🔊 This book is the best of all. — This book the best of all.
13. 🔊 It's not by far the best student in the group. - Of course he is best student in a group.
14. 🔊 It's not not so young as my brother. - He not like that young, How my brother.
15. 🔊 It's not as young as my sister. - He the same young, How my sister.

Some more useful articles

Cold - colder - the coldest. What were we doing now? Comparisons were made using Russian adjectives. Do you think this is not the case in English? Please: cold - colder - the coldest. This is it degrees of comparison of adjectives. We are lucky: there are exactly the same degrees of comparison as in Russian. That is, simply comparative (colder) and superior (coldest). Now let’s find out how degrees of comparison of adjectives are formed.

1. If an English adjective is taken from one syllable ( old , big , hot , kind , great), then the comparative degree is formed by the ending -er (older , kinder), and excellent is an article the and ending - est (the oldest , the kindest ).

Two-syllable adjectives ending in - y , -er , -ow (spicy , clever , narrow) are subject to the same rules:

cleverer - the cleverest (smarter - the smartest), narrower - the narrowest (narrower (narrower) - the narrowest)

Moreover, adjectives that end in - y , change this letter to i :

spicier - the spiciest (spicier - the hottest)

If a one-syllable adjective ends in vowel+consonant (hot, big, sad, fat), then in comparative degrees the consonant doubles:

hotter - the hottest, fatter - the fattest.

2. All other two-syllable, three-syllable (etc. - in general, polysyllabic) adjectives form the comparative degree by adding more , and excellent - the most :

more significant - the most significant,more beautiful - the most beautiful

Exception Examples(favorite section of all English learners):

Good - better - the best
Bad - worse - the worst
Little - less - the least

Far - farther(more distant (by distance)) - the farthest(furthest)
But far - further(further/subsequent) - the furthest(most distant)

Near - nearer - the nearest/the next (closest (by distance)/next)

Old - older(older) - the oldest(oldest),
But old-elder(older)- the eldest(oldest)

Late - later(later) - the latest(latest)
But late - the latter(later in order) - the last(most recent in order)

On the formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives- All. I congratulate you on this. But if you want more, then you’re welcome (recommended for those who have already understood everything with the previous part):

Use less degree of comparison (i.e. less cool, less bright) comes with less , and to denote the smallest degree - the least (least cool, least bright):

less strong(less strong) - the least strong(least strong), less wide(less wide) - the least wide(least wide).

To strengthen the comparative degree it is used much , still , far :

much colder(much colder ), much more beautiful(much prettier).

The sentence uses the connective to compare objects than (how):

She is cleverer than her sister(She is smarter than her sister).

And now degree scheme for those who love algorithms :)

everything is fine, pay attention Stop! Just cram!

Qualitative adjectiveshave degrees of comparison. They express a greater or lesser degree of quality in a given item compared to another item.
For example: (My house is more beautiful than your house). sometimes the comparison is made within the same object (increase or decrease) at different periods of its development, i.e. at the present moment, compared to his past state.
For example: (Demand for the product has become higher than last year).

Adjectives have two degrees of comparison:
comparative;
excellent.

1.Comparative degree of adjective means that some characteristic is manifested to a greater or lesser extent in one object than in another.
For example: I'm happier than you. Your briefcase is heavier than mine. My dog ​​is smarter than yours.

The comparative degree is:
A) simple
B) difficult

A) Simple comparative degree formed using suffixes:
“her”(s): For example: handsome - more beautiful, smart - smarter, cold - colder;
"e" (with or without alternation of the last consonant of the base):
For example: big - larger, short - shorter, sweet - sweeter;
“she”: For example: old – older, young – younger.
Sometimes a different root is used to form the comparative degree of an adjective.
Good is better, bad is worse, small is smaller.
Adjectives in the simple comparative form do not change and have no endings!

B) Complex comparative degree is formed from the full form of the positive degree of the adjective using the particles more and less.
Big – more (less) big, beautiful – more (less) beautiful.

2) Superlative adjectives.
The superlative degree shows that some attribute is manifested in a given object to the greatest extent, compared with the same attribute in other similar objects.
This is my best game; He is the smartest boy in the class.

Superlatives are:
A) simple
B) difficult
The superlative degree of an adjective can change according to gender, number and case.
(We have approached the highest mountains).

A) Simple superlative is formed using the suffixes “eysh”, “aysh”.
For example: The stupidest, the deepest, the rarest, the closest
Sometimes a different root is used to form the superlative degree of an adjective.
For example: Good is the best, bad is the worst.
B) Complex superlative is formed from the full form of the positive degree of the adjective using the particles most, most and least.
For example: Small - the smallest, the smallest, the least small, smart - the most intelligent, the most intelligent, the least intelligent.

Superlative adjectives, like full forms positive degree of adjectives, change according to gender, number and case.

Publication date: 01/28/2012 17:58 UTC

• Morphological analysis of the adjective in Russian.
• Full and short forms of adjectives. Declension and spelling of case forms of adjectives in Russian.
• The concept of an adjective. Morphological features of adjectives. Classes of adjectives in Russian.

Adjectives in Russian. They are indispensable when it is necessary to compare one characteristic of an object or phenomenon with another. Let's try to understand the intricacies of this topic.

Adjective

Before you start studying the topic “Degrees of comparison of adjectives in the Russian language,” you need to find out how this part of speech differs from all others. And it really has a lot of features. It is difficult to imagine our speech without this colorful, graceful group. With the help of adjectives we describe appearance (short, handsome, homely), character (kind, grumpy, difficult), age (young, elderly). However, not only human qualities, but also much more can be represented with their help. For example, not a single work of art is complete without the use of adjectives. And even more so the lyrics. Thanks to this part of speech, stories, poems, novels acquire expressiveness and imagery.

Helps to form such artistic media, as epithets (dazzling beauty, wonderful morning), metaphors of a heart of stone), comparisons (looks like the happiest; the sky is like an azure watercolor).

A distinctive feature of adjectives is their ability to form short forms. The latter always play the role of a predicate in a sentence, which gives this part of speech another advantage - it gives dynamics to any text.

What is a degree?

Anyone who studies the Russian language faces this question. Degrees of comparison of adjectives are a characteristic that helps to compare one object with another.

For example, there are two balls in front of us. They are exactly the same, only one of them is slightly different in size. We need to compare them with each other and draw a conclusion: one ball more another. We can approach this issue from the other side and note that one ball less than the second one. In both cases, we used a word that characterizes the degree of comparison of these objects.

Now let’s add to our items another one of the same kind, but much larger. We need to differentiate it from others. How will we do this? Of course, use comparison. Only now you need to indicate that the third ball is immediately different from the first and second. In this case we will say that he biggest among them.

This is precisely why we need them. We will describe each of their types in detail below.

Comparative degree

When we have an adjective in front of us that no one compares with anything, it is characterized by a positive degree. But if one object needs to be compared with another, then we will use the comparative degree of the adjective.

It has two subspecies. The first is called simple, or suffixal. This means that the word used in this degree has a suffix characteristic of it.

For example: This table chic. Neighbor's table more luxurious ours.

In the first case, the adjective is in the positive degree. In the second, the suffix “ee” was added to it and with this they compared one table with another.

The second type is the composite degree. As the name suggests, its formation occurs not with the help of morphemes, but with the use of special words.

For example: This project is very successful. The last project was more successful.

The word “more” helps us compare one project to another.

Another example: We received valuable information. The previous one turned out to be less valuable.

Now, using the word “less”, we indicated a feature that manifested itself to a lesser extent.

It is worth remembering that degrees of comparison of adjectives in the Russian language, regardless of variety, are formed only from Neither possessive nor relative have this ability.

Superlative

In some situations, we need not just to compare one object or phenomenon with another, but to distinguish it from all others similar to it. And here the degrees of comparison of adjectives in Russian will also come to our aid. This degree of comparison is called excellent, which already implies the highest limit.

Like comparative, it has two varieties.

Using suffixes, a simple degree is formed.

For example: Ivanov strongest of all the athletes on the team.

The word “strong” with the suffix -eysh- formed and distinguished the athlete Ivanov from other members of the team.

Next example: New tulle the most beautiful from those that I have seen.

In this case, the auxiliary word “most” gave this sentence the same meaning as in the previous example. This form is called compound.

Sometimes it can be accompanied by the prefix nai- for emphasis: the most beautiful.

Peculiarities

IN in some cases forms of degrees of comparison of adjectives have exceptions.

These include the words “good” and “bad.” When we start to compare objects with their help, we will encounter some difficulties.

For example: We held good evening. Let's try to form a chain of degrees of comparison.

In a simple comparative we will see that the word “good” does not exist. It is replaced by “better.” And for the word “bad” we’ll choose “worse”. This phenomenon in Russian is called suppletivism of fundamentals. This means that the word needs to change radically to form a comparative degree.

Conclusion

Thus, we managed to find out not only the basics, but also some nuances on the topic “Degrees of comparison of adjectives in the Russian language.”

Now this rule will not cause you any difficulties, since it is not at all complicated.

It Is Very Unimportant

Pronunciation - Pronunciation

Letter r gives length to the vowel sound.

b or n, h or n, p or t, l or d, m or ning, sh or t, rep or t

b ar k, b ar n, c ar t, d ar k,d ar t, sh ar k, sm ar t, t ar t

h er,t er m, b ir d,d ir ty, sh ir t, s ir,sk ir t, t ur n, l ear n

Question - Question

Just started the lesson and already have questions? What is it? Does the name of the lesson sound strange? Does the title of the lesson sound strange? Adjective unimportant we remembered in connection with that noisy trial in Wonderland - in the case of the theft of pies... Hints to the King in this scene are given by the Rabbit, the court secretary.

King:	What do you know about this business?	What do you know about this case?
Alice:	Nothing.	Nothing.
King:	Nothing whatever?	Nothing at all?
Alice:	Nothing whatever.	Nothing at all.
King:	That is very important.	This is very important.
Rabbit:	Unimportant, your majesty.	It doesn't matter, Your Majesty.
King:	Unimportant, of course, I mean.	It doesn't matter, of course, I want to say.

Both words are important for us - and important, And unimportant, and besides them all other adjectives: big(big), small(small), strange(strange)...

Grammar - Grammar

An adjective is placed before or after a noun.

I like hot tea I like when my tea is hot.
He is a funny man. His jokes are funny.

English adjectives have no number, no gender, and do not change by case.

In a cup hot water. - There is hot water in the cup.
There is hot tea in a cup. - There is hot tea in the cup.
Buy hot pies. - Buy some hot pies.

Let's compare the "thickness" of the Dorkins. They are fat. We put fat in the comparative degree, adding the suffix -er. We use conjunction to construct “comparative” phrases than(how).

Albert is fater than Herbert. - Albert is fatter than Herbert.
A lion is stronger than a wolf. - A lion is stronger than a wolf.
You are taller than me. - You are taller than me.
Is she older than you? - Is she older than you?

Now let's put the adjective in the superlative degree using the suffix -est. Let's clarify who is the fattest of the Dorkins. The superlative degree requires the definite article.

Who is the fattest of the Dorkinses? -Who is the fattest of the Dorkins?

Fattie is the fattest in the family. - The fat man is the fattest in the family.

Not the fattest man in the village. - He is the fattest man in the village.

Albert is the second fattest of them. - Albert is the second fattest of them.

Hot, strong, tall, fat- adjectives of one syllable. Most two-syllable adjectives form degrees of comparison using the same rule, using -er And -est. For example, those ending in -y, -ow, -er, -le.

happy (happy) - happi er- the happy est
narrow (narrow) - narrow er- the narrow est
tender (tender) - tender er- the tender est
simple (simple) - simple er- the simple est

In comparative and superlative degrees, sometimes you have to change the spelling slightly. For example, the final consonant is doubled so that the syllable remains closed, so that the vowels continue to sound short. Single -y at the end of the stem changes to i.

big - bigger - the biggest
fat - fatter - the fattest
dry - drier - the driest
funny - funnier - the funniest
silly - sillier - the silliest

There are exceptions, but they are very few. First of all, you need to remember better And best, special forms of adjective good.

good (good) - better - the best
bad (bad) - worse - the worst
far (distant) - farther - the farthest

Not always Russian bad translated into English bad and vice versa. Compare:

I don't feel well. - I'm not well. Or: I'm unwell.
He's a bad swimmer. - Not is a poor swimmer.
I have a strong headache. - I have a bad headache.
Smoking is a bad habit. - Smoking is a bad habit.

Reading - Reading

Winnie the Pooh, impressed by Tigger's constant jumping, reflects on what would happen if...

If Rabbit
Was bigger
And fatter
And stronger,
Or bigger
Than Tigger;
If Tigger
Was smaller,
Then Tigger's
Bad habit
Of bouncing at Rabbit
Would matter
No longer
If Rabbit
Was taller.

(Here) if Rabbit
There was more
And thicker
And stronger
Or bigger
Than Tiger;
If Tigger
Was smaller
Then it's a bad habit
Tigers
Jump on the Rabbit
Wouldn't have any more
No meaning
If Rabbit
Was taller.

Notes - Notes

1. Winnie the Pooh says: If Tigger was smaller(If Tiger were smaller). In comparative and superlative degrees instead little used small.

Tim has a little sister. - Tim has a younger sister.
She is smaller than Tim. - She's smaller than Tim.
She is the smallest in their family. - She is the smallest in their family.

2. IN following examples comparative degree works in tandem with get(meaning become).

It gets warmer. - It's getting warmer. Or: It's getting warmer.
It gets darker. - It's getting darker. Or: It's getting dark.
The wind is getting stronger. - The wind is getting stronger.

Word - Word

Verb matter["mætǝ] is often found in colloquial English speech. Translation: matter. Typically, it is used in interrogative and negative sentences. Matter can also act as a noun.

Does it matter? - Does it matter?

It does not matter to me what she does. - It doesn't matter to me what she does.

It does not matter any longer. - It doesn't matter anymore.

What's the matter with you? - What's wrong with you?

Grammar - Grammar

While discussing adjectives, we forgot the word with which we started today's lesson - unimportant(unimportant). They forgot on purpose, because for “long” words, which have three or more syllables, a different rule applies: they form the comparative degree using the word more(more), and superlatives using most(most).

important - more important - the most important
amazing - more amazing - the most amazing

Quotation - Quote

In the Gospel of Matthew (chapter 19) we find a “demonstrative” example with an adjective easy(easy). There we also get acquainted with the prediction, which plays on adjectives high(high) and low(short)

I tell you that it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God. “I tell you that it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the Kingdom of God.”

Many who have the highest place in life now will have the lowest place in the future. And many who have the lowest place now will have the highest place in the future. - Many who occupy the highest position in life today will occupy the lowest position in the future. And many who occupy the lowest position today will occupy the highest position in the future.

There was also a statement with an adjective important.

Life is more important than food. And the body is more important than clothes. - Life is more important than food. And the body is more important than clothes.

Reading - Reading

Remember, Mr. Bliss was stopped on the forest road by “raiders” - three bears. Mr Bliss was stopped in the woods by three bears. The bears threaten: We shall eat you up! Of course, here you will give away both the bananas and the car... However, the bears are joking. They are tempting.

A Hold-Up
Raid

Of course the bears are only tempting. But they roll their yellow eyes, and growl, and look so fierce that Mr Bliss is frightened (and so are Mr Day and Mrs Knight). So they give the bears the cabbages and the bananas.

Archie and Teddy pile them on the donkey and take them away to their house in the wood. Bruno stays and talks to Mr Bliss. In fact he is watching Mr Bliss and Mr Bliss cannot drive away.

When Archie and Teddy come back they say, "Now we want a ride in your car!"

"But I am going to see the Dorkinses," says Mr Bliss, "and you do not know them.

"Never mind," say the bears, "we can know them."

They start off again. The road runs uphill and down on the other side. They come out of the wood to the top of the hill and begin to go down.

Mr Bliss is so squeezed by Mrs Knight that he cannot put on the brakes. Soon they begin to whizz and the donkey, who is tied behind the car, is flying in the air. Faster and faster they run, and then they crash into the wall of the Dorkinses" garden. They all shoot out of the car head first and fly over the wall. All except the donkey, who turns a somersault into the car...

And then, as you remember from the text without punctuation, the entire honest company landed on the neat lawn of the Dorkins.

Words - Words

tease- tease; roll- rotate; growl- growl; fierce- ferocious; watch- guard, guard; squash- crush; squeeze- squeeze, squeeze; hardly["hɑ:dli] - barely; steer- steer; brakes- brakes; whizz- rush ( with a whistle); crash- crash; shoot[ʃu:t] (out) - fly out (from); somersault["sʌmǝso:lt] - somersault ( in the air), somersault.

Notes - Notes

Pretext by reports the situation near, near with something: by the river(by the river) by the road(near the road). We also know about the use by V stable expressions the following type: by car(by car) by plane(by plane, by plane) by sea(by sea).

In other cases by indicates the person who performs the action: itself by is not translated, but the noun denoting the figure is placed in the instrumental case in Russian.