He was a great poet of the nineteenth century. He left behind a huge legacy, where a special place can be given to lyrics. In general, the writer worked in the era of romanticism, which could not but affect his works. However, the poet managed to add his own vision to each poem, which made his poems special. In his work, Lermontov covered a variety of different topics, many of which are still relevant today.

Themes and motives of Lermontov's lyrics

The writer directed Lermontov's lyrics, its main themes and motives towards the search for spirituality, towards the struggle against society, which was opposed to him. He tried to philosophize, reflecting not on the topic of the meaning of life, the relationship between nature and man, but also touched on the topic of loneliness. If we say very briefly about Lermontov’s lyrics, he wrote on different topics, and his poems differed in mood. However, all of them can be mentally divided into categories, where several directions will be characteristic.

Lermontov's early lyrics

The poet began to try his hand at the literary field in early age. Despite the variety of genres of his works, the basis of his work was lyrics. Here it is worth noting Lermontov’s early lyrics, which at first had an imitative character. And this is understandable, the writer is just learning, and looking at his predecessors, takes an example from them. But at the same time, he does not follow established traditions, but tries to rethink everything and give the reader his vision, touching on important topics and motives in his lyrics.

In his early lyrics, Lermontov is seen as a romantic person, where he creative works were a kind of diary of a person trying to know himself. In his early work Lermontov touches on problems of a socio-historical nature, and in his works we see a patriotic beginning that is just beginning to take root in the poet. An example of this would be the verse I saw a shadow of bliss. Moreover, on initial stage In his writing activity, the poet touches on the theme of love, where Lermontov’s stands out. The stage of the poet's early lyricism ends with his poem.

Love lyrics by Lermontov

Among the themes explored in Lermontov’s lyrics, one can highlight the theme of love. However, reading the poet’s works, sadness arises. After all, all his love lyrics are filled with pessimistic notes. Lermontov has a lot of poems about love, but this love is not mutual, and for the heroes of his poems about love, love itself and the concept of love are different. If for the lyrical hero everything is serious and he is ready to surrender to a wonderful feeling, then for the heroine this is just another affair. An example of this would be the verse Cupid's Fallacy. In general, it would take a long time to list Lermontov’s poems about love. All of them make up the writer’s love lyrics and they are all contradictory. On the one hand, we see hope, but in the end it gives way to motives of loneliness and disappointment.

Philosophical lyrics of Lermontov

Whatever topic the poet touched upon, whatever motive he chose, the main direction of his work was still philosophical reflections. Here we can trace discussions about existence, God, freedom and bondage of man, and the meaning of life. Lermontov is trying to understand the theme of death, to reveal and understand the theme love feeling and much more. Lermontov's philosophical lyrics are aimed at the struggle of two principles, at the search for harmony, at revealing the themes and motives of faith and unbelief.

Motherland in Lermontov's lyrics

In his works, the writer did not ignore the theme of the Motherland. He touched on it, like many other Russian writers. In his poems, the poet contrasts the Motherland with the state and declares that the political system with its rotten schemes of government is not acceptable to him. He calls Russia a country of slaves and masters. However, Lermontov loved his homeland. With its nature, landscapes, originality. This love is also felt in the poem Motherland or Russian Melody.

Loneliness in Lermontov's lyrics

In the lesson devoted to Lermontov's lyrics, we became acquainted with the main themes and motives of his poems. The theme of loneliness is one of the important themes of the writer and poet. At the same time, we see that the feeling of loneliness is natural for Lermontov, because in his soul the writer felt like a stranger among people. How

The leading theme of Pushkin's lyrics is the theme of freedom. Since “freedom” is a fundamental concept for the poet, this theme is seen as a kind of core running through the poet’s entire work. Freedom is considered as a social, political and moral ideal of Pushkin's poetry. This topic includes a number of motifs that reveal its breadth.

Motive political freedom expressed in the poems “Licinius” (1818), “To Chaadaev” (1818), “Village” (1819). These works express ideas close to the views of the Decembrists: service to social ideals, condemnation of tyranny and oppression.

The motif of personal freedom is heard in the poems “Prisoner” (1822), “Bird” (1823). Here, the romantic call for escape from the world-“dungeon” and the desire to give liberation to “at least one creature” is reinforced by the images of birds, personifying the natural desire for will.

The inconsistency of the motive of personal freedom is reflected in the works “The Desert Sower of Freedom...” (1823), “To the Sea” (1824).

In the poem “I loved you: love is still, perhaps...” (1829) we encounter another manifestation of the motive of personal freedom - respect for the personality of another person. The philosophical understanding of slavery as opposed to freedom is clearly visible in the parable poem “Anchar” (1828).

Freedom of a creative personality - the most important motive of the theme is manifested in the poems “To the Poet” (1830), (From Pindemonti) (1836).

Freedom as a comprehensive concept, as the basis of human life - this motif sounds in the poem “It’s time, my friend, it’s time...” (1836). “Peace and freedom” is the spiritual ideal of a person seeking perfection.

The next theme that can be highlighted in Pushkin’s poetry is citizenship and patriotism. The motives for this theme are wide and varied.

The motive of love for native nature as an expression of love for the Motherland is reflected in the works “The Clouds Are Thinning flying ridge..." (1820), "Caucasus" (1829), "Winter. What should we do in the village? I meet...” (1829), “My rosy critic...” (1830), “Autumn” (1833), “...I visited again...” (1835).

The motive of serving social ideals as a manifestation civic position expressed in the poems “To Chaadaev” (1818), “Dagger” (1821), “In the Depths Siberian ores..." (1827), "Arion" (1827).

In the poems “Stanzas” (1826), “Slanderers of Russia” (1831), “I have erected a monument to myself not made by hands...” (1836) Pushkin expresses his political ideals, shows his filial love for the fatherland and the desire to serve its interests in the poetic field.

The theme of friendship is based on lyrical works addressed to lyceum students. The “sacred union” of lyceum friends is sacred and unshakable for Pushkin. Poems in honor of lyceum anniversaries (October 19), messages to fellow lyceum students - the basis lyric poems about friendship: “October 19” (1825), “I. I. Pushchin” (1826), “The more often the Lyceum celebrates...” (1830).

Poems addressed to the Decembrists, with many of whom Pushkin was in friendly relations, - “In the depths of the Siberian ores...” (1827), “Arion” (1827) and the message “To Chaadaev” (1818) - a friend and teacher who had a serious influence on the formation of the views of the young Pushkin.

Standing apart are the lyrical works addressed to the nanny, kindness and warm relations to which the poet carried throughout his life. These include the poem “Winter Evening” (1825).

Pushkin's love lyrics are full of bright and tender feelings for women. The theme of love, revealing a wide palette human feelings, reflected in the poems “The daylight has gone out...” (1820), “I have outlived my desires...” (1821), “The Burnt Letter” (1825), “The Desire for Glory” (1825), “Keep Me, My talisman..." (1825), "K-" (1825), "Under the blue sky of his native country..." (1826), "On the hills of Georgia lies the night darkness..." (1829), "Yavas loved : love still, perhaps...” (1829), “What’s in my name for you?..” (1830), “Madonna” (1830), “For the shores of a distant fatherland...” (1830).

The theme of the purpose of the poet and his poetry dominates Pushkin’s work. The motive of the high purpose of poetry, its special role in society can be heard in the poems “To N. Ya. Pluskova” (1818), “Prophet” (1826), “Poet” (1827), “Autumn” (1833), “I am a monument to myself erected not made by hands...” (1836).

The poet's place in modern world defined by Pushkin in the poem “Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet” (1824).

The poet as the supreme judge of his works is an important motive in the theme of the purpose of the poet and his poetry. Pushkin talks about the freedom of poetic creativity, about the complex relationship between the poet and the authorities, with the people, with the mob.

These thoughts are reflected in the poems “The Desert Sower of Freedom...” (1823), “The Poet and the Crowd” (1828), “To the Poet” (1830), “Echo” (1831), (From Pindemonti) (1836), “I He erected a monument to himself, not made by hands...” (1836).

Pushkin's philosophical lyrics reflect the poet's understanding eternal themes human existence: reflections on life and death, on the relationship between good and evil. These thoughts are heard in such works as “I survived my desires...” (1821), “I was in a sweet blindness...” (1823), “A vain gift, an accidental gift...” (1828), “Anchar "(1828), "Do I wander along the noisy streets..." (1829), "Demons" (1830), "Elegy" (1830), "Poems composed at night during insomnia" (1830), "Don't let God, I'm going crazy..." (1833), "...I visited again..." (1835).

Main themes and motives of Pushkin's lyrics

1. Freedom motif: “Liberty”, “Village”, “To Chaadaev”, “To the Sea”, “Desert Sower of Freedom”, “Arion”. Freedom for Pushkin is the highest life value. Freedom is the basis of friendship, a condition for creativity. The words “freedom”, “liberty”, “free” - keywords Pushkin dictionary.

2. Theme of the purpose of the poet and poetry: “The Poet”, “For the Poet”, “The Poet and the Crowd”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands.” Creativity must serve a higher ideal. Firmness, determination, exactingness, contempt for the “court of a fool”, for awards and honors - these are the qualities that Pushkin considers obligatory for all poets.

4. Love theme: “I remember wonderful moment“,” “I loved you,” “on the hills of Georgia,” “Confession,” “Madonna.” Main features love lyrics Pushkin - nobility, sincerity of feelings, the ability of self-denial, disinterested admiration for beauty. Love is a source of inspiration.

5. Philosophical theme: “Three Keys, “Elegy” (1830), “Am I wandering along the noisy streets”, “It’s time, my friend, it’s time...”, Wanderer.” The poet's reflections on eternal questions existence, comprehension of the secrets of the world.

Topic 1.3 Poem “The Bronze Horseman”.

History of creation

The poem “The Bronze Horseman” was written in Boldin in the fall of 1833. In this work, Pushkin describes one of the most terrible floods, which occurred in 1824 and brought terrible destruction to the city.

Heroes of the poem

There are two main characters in The Bronze Horseman: Peter I, who is present in the poem in the form of a living statue Bronze Horseman, and minor official Evgeniy. The development of the conflict between them determines the main idea of ​​the work.

The author's attitude towards Peter the Great is ambiguous. On the one hand, at the beginning of the work, Pushkin pronounces an enthusiastic hymn to the creation of Peter, confesses his love for the “young city”, before whose splendor “old Moscow faded.” On the other hand, Peter the autocrat is presented in the poem not in any specific acts, but in the symbolic image of the Bronze Horseman as the personification of inhuman statehood.

Evgeniy is an “ordinary man” (“little” man): he has neither money nor rank, “serves somewhere” and dreams of setting up a “humble and simple shelter” for himself in order to marry the girl he loves and go through life’s journey with her .

Conflict

The conflict of “The Bronze Horseman” consists in the clash of the individual with the inevitable course of history, in the confrontation between the collective, public will (in the person of Peter the Great) and the personal will (in the person of Eugene). For the first time in Russian literature, Pushkin showed the tragedy and intractability of the conflict between the state and state interests and the interests of the individual.

“And Petropol surfaced like Triton, “Where is home?”
Waist-deep in water."

And its area is empty
He runs and hears behind him -
It's like thunder roaring..."

Illustrations by artist A. Benois

Topic 1.4 M.Yu. Lermontov (1814-1841). Information from the biography. Characteristics of creativity. Stages of creativity.

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born in 1814 in Moscow into the family of an army captain. After early death His mother was raised by his grandmother on the Tarkhany estate in the Penza province. Received an excellent home education.

Since 1827, Lermontov lived in Moscow, studied at the Noble boarding school of Moscow University, and later at Moscow University in the moral and political department, and then in the verbal department. Early poetic experiments indicate a passion for romantic literature. The hobbies of E. Sushkova, N. Ivanova, and V. Lopukhina experienced in 1830-1832 become material for the corresponding lyrical and confessional cycles. At the same time, work is underway on the romantic poems “Corsair”, “Criminal”, “Two Brothers”, “Demon”, “Confession”.

Leaving the university, Lermontov moved to St. Petersburg in 1832 and entered the School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers; Issued as a cornet of the Hussars in 1834.

By the beginning of 1837, he had no literary status: numerous poems and poems had not been published, and the novels had not been completed.

Fame came to Lermontov with the poem “The Death of a Poet” (1837). The poem aroused the wrath of Nicholas I; Lermontov was arrested and soon transferred as an ensign to the Caucasus. The Caucasian exile was shortened by the efforts of the grandmother.

From 1838 to 1840 he served in the hussar regiment, conquering the great world and the world of literature. At this time, the novel “A Hero of Our Time” was written.

After a duel with the son of the French ambassador, Lermontov was transferred to the Caucasus. In the spring of 1841, returning from vacation, the poet lingered in Pyatigorsk. An accidental quarrel with N. Martynov leads to a duel and the death of Lermontov.

Lermontov began to write as a romantic. In the atmosphere of the 1930s, characterized by the onset of reaction, Lermontov experienced the social contradictions of Russia as global contradictions. The central theme of his poetry was the conflict between a strong personality and existing reality. A heroic personality, carrying within himself all the contradictions of the universe - this is lyrical hero Lermontov. The desire for absolute inner freedom, the hero’s internal discord, reflecting the disharmony of the Universe, the struggle in human soul good and evil, the motives of wandering and loneliness are the main ones in the poet’s lyrics.

Lermontov's creativity is usually divided into two stages: early (1828-1836) and mature (1837-1841).

· Already in Lermontov’s early lyrics, civic motives and freedom-loving sentiments begin to sound (“Complaints of a Turk,” “Desire”). The defeat of the Decembrist uprising determined the motives of melancholy, depression, and despondency. The romantic moods of Byron had a great influence on the early Lermontov.

· Lermontov’s mature lyrics contain ideas related to Russian socio-political thought of this period (Pushkin, Chaadaev, Belinsky). Poems appear - reflections on the fate of his generation, the motives of disappointment and loneliness, the theme of tragic love, philosophical understanding of the poetic vocation and the high purpose of poetry are intensified.

Topic 1.5 N.V. Gogol (1809-1852). Information from the biography.

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol was born in 1809 in the village of Bolshiye Sorochintsy, Mirgorod district, Poltava province. Gogol came from a family of poor landowners. In 1818 - 1819, Nikolai Vasilyevich studied at the Poltava district school, and from 1821 to 1828 - at the Nezhin gymnasium of higher sciences. Gogol's first literary experiments in prose and poetry date back to this period.
After graduating from high school, he moved to St. Petersburg in December 1828. In 1829, Gogol published his first literary work, Hans Küchelgarten, but this work was not successful. Gogol leaves for Germany, but soon returns. In 1831, Gogol met A.S. Pushkin, which had positive influence on Gogol's further work. In 1831 - 1832, Gogol wrote “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”; this work makes him famous. And after the publication of the collections “Mirgorod” (1835) and “Arabesques” (1835), V.G. Belinsky called Gogol “the head of literature, the head of poets.”
In 1836, Gogol’s “The Inspector General” was staged at the Alexandrinsky Theater, but this production disappointed the writer, as it turned from a sharp social comedy into a vaudeville.
In the summer of 1836, Gogol left for Italy, Rome. There he begins work on the novel " Dead Souls", which was published in 1842, work on the second volume, which began in 1840, progressed with difficulty and painfully.
Soon a four-volume collection of Gogol’s works was published, which included the story “The Overcoat,” which embodied the theme of humiliation “ little man».
In the summer of 1845, Gogol, being in serious state of mind, burned the manuscript of the second volume " Dead souls».
In the spring of 1848, Gogol finally returned to Russia (having subsequently made only two short trips abroad), to Moscow, continuing work on the second volume of Dead Souls.
At the beginning of 1852 new edition The novel was almost ready, but on February 12, 1852, due to illness and a deep mental crisis, the writer burned this work too. A few days later, on February 21, he died. Gogol was buried in the cemetery of the St. Danilov Monastery. In 1931, Gogol's remains were reburied at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is an outstanding Russian poet and writer. He is a genius, and a genius, as you know, always walks on the edge of the abyss. His books are not only poems, stories, poems. These are poems about friendship, about the purpose of the poet and poetry, as well as civil lyrics.

In his works he raised sensitive, both political and personal topics. A.S. Pushkin mastered the syllable perfectly. The concept of “lyrics” generally means a description of personal feelings. Lyrical means poetic. For Pushkin, poetry came first after prose.

In his poems he glorified friendship, love, freedom. Some of his poems did not pass the caesura at one time. His lyrics influenced such authors as Lermontov, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky. And left a legacy for poets already Silver Age, late nineteenth early twentieth, such as Bunin, Blok, Bekhterev, etc.

The formation of Pushkin’s poetic style and meaning was influenced by such poets as Voltaire, Moliere, Byron. They also praised the freedom of the individual over the state, for which they were actually persecuted in their own country. But their lyrics, like Pushkin’s, predetermined the development of democratic values, primarily freedom. Pushkin himself was a self-willed (free in judgments and opinions) person, he was friends with the Decembrists. When he returned from exile and was introduced to Emperor Nicholas the First, he asked him about his actions in the December events of 1825. Pushkin, without fear, replied that if he had been in St. Petersburg that day, he would certainly have joined the Decembrists. This answer did not at all affect his friendship with the king.

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LESSON TOPIC:

Works of A.S. Pushkin.

The main themes and motives of Pushkin's lyrics.

Analysis of poems.

It is impossible to repeat Pushkin.

N.V.Gogol

Reading Pushkin, you can magnificently

Nurture the person within you

V.G. Belinsky

Type: practical lesson on analysis of poetic text, SNZ.

Methods: reproductive, creative reading.

Lesson objectives:

1. Identify the main themes and motives of Pushkin’s lyrics
2. Introduce love, philosophy, civil lyrics A.S. Pushkin, to arouse interest in the personality and work of the poet;
3. Study facts, evidence, consider different points of view, interpretations of the poet’s personality;
4. Compare the themes raised in the poet’s lyrics with the problems of today.

PROGRESS OF THE LESSON

1. Org. moment

2. The teacher will speak.

3. Frontal survey: biography of Pushkin.

4. New topic. The teacher's word.

The work can be group work (the whole class is divided into mini-groups that are responsible for a specific topic in the poet’s lyrics) or collective work.

MAIN THEMES OF PUSHKIN'S LYRICS

1. Civil theme:“Licinia”, ode to “Liberty”, (1818 calls for sacred observance of the law, to which both the people and the tsar are equally subject), “To Chaadaev” (“Love, hope, quiet glory ...”, 1818), “Village” (1819) - (admiration for beauty native nature, but “a terrible thought here darkens the soul,” because “wild nobility, without feelings, without Law”), “Prisoner”, “Winter Evening”, “Arion”, “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, “Anchar”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...”

2. Patriotic theme:“To the Slanderers of Russia” (1831), “Borodin Anniversary” (1831), the poet speaks of the need for the unity of the people and the government during periods of historical upheaval that threaten the very existence of Russia.

3. Love Theme: “I remember a wonderful moment...” (1825), “I loved you...”, “On the hills of Georgia...” (1829), “Burnt Letter”, “Confession”, “Don’t sing, beauty, in front of me...”, “What in your name?”, “For the Shores of the Distant Fatherland”, “Black Shawl”, “Desire for Glory” (1825), “Elegy” (“Fading Fun of Crazy Years...”, 1830)

4. Friendship theme: “Feasting students”, “October 19” (1825), “Friends”, “Delvig”, “Pushchina”, “In the depths of the Siberian ores...”, “Arion”

5. Theme of the poet and poetry: “Poet”, “Prophet” (1826) – (The purpose of the poet is “burn the hearts of people with the verb”), “The Poet and the Crowd” (1828), “To the Poet” (1830), “I have erected a monument to myself not made by hands...” (1836 ), “Conversation between a bookseller and a poet”, “Mob”,

6. Theme of homeland and nature:"Village", "To the Sea", "Winter Evening" (1825), " winter road», « Winter morning"(1829), "Demons", "Cloud", "Autumn" (1833), "Collapse" (1829), "Once again I visited..." (1835)

7. Philosophical lyrics:“The Cart of Life”, “A vain gift, an accidental gift...”, “Am I wandering along the noisy streets...”, “Demons”, “It’s time, my friend, it’s time...”, “I have erected a monument to myself not made by hands...” (1836

To Chaadaev (1818)

Love, hope, quiet glory

Deception did not last long for us,

The youthful fun has disappeared

Like a dream, like morning fog;

But the desire still burns within us,

Under the yoke of fatal power

With an impatient soul

Let us heed the calling of the Fatherland.

We wait with languid hope

Holy moments of freedom

How a young lover waits

Minutes of a faithful date.

While we are burning with freedom,

While hearts are alive for honor,

My friend, let's dedicate it to the fatherland

Beautiful impulses from the soul!

Comrade, believe: she will rise,

Star of captivating happiness,

Russia will wake up from its sleep,

And on the ruins of autocracy

They will write our names!

A portrait of the entire generation of that era is given; the lyrical hero sets clear goals for himself and believes in a bright future. The message is permeated with the spirit of citizenship, patriotism, and hope for the future revival of the country.

The lyrical hero is ready to sacrifice himself in the name of the Fatherland.

"Village" (1818)

1. What is the meaning of the rhetorical question at the end of the poem?

2. How do the ideas of the poem “Village” resonate with the ideas of the Decembrists?

Conclusion: In the poem “Village” the poetdenounces serfdom. The poet-dreamer turns into poet-citizen, whose personal freedom is inseparable from the freedom of the people. Freedom, according to A.S. Pushkin, must be enshrined in the law (constitution).

Deep in Siberian ores(1827)

Deep in Siberian ores

Keep your proud patience,

Your sorrowful work will not be wasted

And I think about high aspiration.

Unluckily faithful sister,

Hope in a dark dungeon

Will awaken vigor and joy,

The desired time will come:

Love and friendship up to you

They will reach through the dark gates,

Like in your convict holes

My free voice comes through.

The heavy shackles will fall,

The dungeons will collapse and there will be freedom

You will be greeted joyfully at the entrance,

And the brothers will give you the sword.

Genre-message; The main theme is friendship, the poet supports friends in difficult times, does not turn away from them.

He did not lose faith in the ideals of the Decembrists, in their noble desire to help the common people. Topic- the author's faith in the triumph of justice. Idea - the homeland will not forget the feat of the Decembrists.

1. What were the living conditions of the Decembrists in Siberian exile?

2. What images help to understand the attitude of A.S. Pushkin to the Decembrists?

3. How does this poem reveal the poet’s soul?

Conclusion: A.S. Pushkin shares the views of the Decembrists, their “high aspirations,” the nobility of their thoughts. The concept of “freedom” is associated with political transformations:

“Heavy shackles will fall,

The dungeons will collapse and there will be freedom

You will be greeted joyfully at the entrance,

And the brothers will give you the sword"

The Cart of Life (1823)

Though the burden is heavy at times,

The cart is light on the move;

Dashing coachman, gray time,

Lucky, he won’t get off the irradiation board.

In the morning we get into the cart;

We're happy to break our heads

And, despising laziness and bliss,

We shout: let's go! . . . . . . .

But at noon there is no such courage;

Shocked us: we are more scared

And slopes and ravines;

We shout: take it easy, fools!

The cart is still rolling;

In the evening we got used to it

And dozing we go until the night,

And time drives horses.

"MADONNA" (1830)

Not many paintings by ancient masters

I always wanted to decorate my abode,

So that the visitor might superstitiously marvel at them,

Heeding the important judgment of experts.

IN simple corner mine, in the midst of slow labors,

I wanted to be forever a spectator of one picture,

One: so that from the canvas, like from the clouds,

Most Pure One and our divine savior -

She with greatness, he with reason in his eyes -

They looked, meek, in glory and in the rays,

Alone, without angels, under the palm of Zion.

My wishes came true. Creator

Sent you to me, you, my Madonna,

The purest example of pure beauty.

A vain gift, a random gift,

Life, why were you given to me?

Or why fate is a secret

Are you sentenced to death?

Who makes me a hostile power

From nothingness he called,

Filled my soul with passion,

Has your mind been agitated by doubt?..

There is no goal in front of me:

The heart is empty, the mind is idle,

And it makes me sad

The monotonous noise of life.

I loved you: love still, perhaps (1829)

I loved you: love is still, perhaps,

My soul has not completely died out;

But don't let it bother you anymore;

I don't want to make you sad in any way.

I loved you silently, hopelessly,

Now we are tormented by timidity, now by jealousy;

I loved you so sincerely, so tenderly,

How God grant you, your beloved, to be different.

Subject - a story about unrequited love; Idea – despite the unrequited feeling, the hero wishes his beloved great love. Past tense in form, but still present in meaning and content. This is a confession - a recognition of the poet, and not an appeal to a specific woman.

1. What is the poet’s attitude towards failed love: disappointment, grief, anger, humility, nobility, irony? Explain your choice.

“On the Hills of Georgia...”1829

The darkness of night lies on the hills of Georgia;

Aragva makes noise in front of me.

I feel sad and light; my sadness is light;

My sadness is full of you,

By you, by you alone... My despondency

Nothing torments, nothing worries,

And the heart burns and loves again - because

That it cannot help but love.

Subject – high feeling of love; Idea - “the heart cannot help but love”

K*** (1825)

I remember a wonderful moment:

You appeared before me,

Like a fleeting vision

Like a genius of pure beauty.

In the languor of hopeless sadness,

In the worries of noisy bustle,

And I dreamed of cute features.

Years passed. The storm is a rebellious gust

Dispelled old dreams

Your heavenly features.

In the wilderness, in the darkness of imprisonment

My days passed quietly

Without a deity, without inspiration,

No tears, no life, no love.

The soul has awakened:

And then you appeared again,

Like a fleeting vision

Like a genius of pure beauty.

And the heart beats in ecstasy,

And for him they rose again

And deity and inspiration,

And life, and tears, and love.

The poem is dedicatedAnna Petrovna Kern, whom the poet met in St. Petersburg (1819), and in the summer of 1825 he met in Trigorskoye (neighboring the Mikhailovsky village). The poet gives this poem as a gift to Anna Petrovna on the day of her departure from the village. 3 parts: first meeting, years of separation, new meeting with Kern. In this verse, “love” is not so much a feeling as a state of the poet’s soul (a change in mental state).

Subject – the role of love in human life. Idea – life is meaningless without love.

Petersburg. 1819One of the noisy social evenings in the Olenins’ house with dinner, dancing, charades. Jokingly talking with his friends, Pushkin follows with his eyes a very young, charming woman. His imagination is struck by the deep, hidden sadness in the stranger’s huge eyes. During dinner, he exchanged a few ordinary phrases with her and admired her radiant beauty for a long time afterwards. By the end of the evening, he already knows a lot about her. Daughter of landowner P. M. Poltoratsky and E. I. Wulf,As a 16-year-old girl, she was married to a rude man, a complete stranger to her, who was 36 years older than her - General Ermolai Fedorovich Kern. And many years later, Pushkin will read in Anna Kern’s diary the lines in which she talks about her husband "It’s impossible to love him, I can’t even respect him, I’ll tell you straight, I almost hate him, hell would be better than heaven for me if I had to be with him in heaven.”

But Pushkin will read this only years later. In the meantime... The evening is over. The guests are leaving. Pushkin, without putting on his fur coat, jumped out into the cold and stood on the porch. How he would like, knee-deep in the snow, to run up to Kern’s departing carriage and help the beauty climb the folded steps. Perhaps she would thank him with a glance. Many fleeting impressions of his youth were erased without a trace in the poet’s memory,but the image of Anna Kern sunk deep into my soul. Many years have passed. During this time, Pushkin became a famous poet, a poet who was out of favor with the authorities. In exile, in the remote village of Mikhailovskoye, far from the capital, Pushkin was always a welcome guest in the neighboringvillage of Trigorsk. It was here in June 1825 that Pushkin again met with Kern, who stopped while passing through with her relative Osipova, the owner of the estate. For a month they saw each other almost every day. It was at this time that the famous poem "I remember a wonderful moment...

And here before us is another portrait - a pale, thoughtful girl, the daughter of Anna Petrovna Kern, Ekaterina. She is not as pretty as Anna, but she inherited her mother’s big, sad eyes... There was even something suffering, doomed in her pale face with thick lips... Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka saw her for the first time in March 1839. Throughout the evening, he kept watching Ekaterina Ermolaevna, listening to her voice, following the movements of her hands, and something unusually bright, not yet conscious, was born in his soul. He discovered in the girl an extraordinary mind and spiritual subtlety. She knew and loved music. How different it was from what he had encountered at home. The empty and narrow-minded wife turned out to be a frivolous flirt, completely alien to his interests. Often visiting his sister and communicating with Ekaterina Kern, Glinka became more and more attached to her. Meetings with her became a necessity for him. And soon she had the notes of Glinka’s romance “I Remember a Wonderful Moment.” It is remarkable that the poems written by the great poet for his mother were set to music by the great composer for her daughter. And again, like fifteen years ago, when Pushkin presented the poems to Anna Kern, they sounded like recognition. It is difficult to name a work where music is inextricably fused with poetry, as in this romance. Pushkin's poem expressed what the composer himself experienced, which is probably why such an amazing fusion of music and words became possible. The growth and deepening of feelings, all stages of spiritual experiences expressed in poetry, are conveyed by music, sometimes thoughtful and tender, sometimes passionate and even tragic.)

“Do I wander along noisy streets” (1829)

Do I wander along the noisy streets,

I enter a crowded temple,

Am I sitting among crazy youths,

I indulge in my dreams.

I say: the years will fly by,

And no matter how much we are seen here,

We will all descend under the eternal vaults -

And someone else's hour is near.

I look at the solitary oak tree,

I think: patriarch of the forests

Will outlive my forgotten age,

How he survived the age of his fathers.

Am I caressing a sweet baby?

I’m already thinking: sorry!

I give up my place to you:

It's time for me to smolder, for you to bloom.

Every day, every year

I'm used to accompanying my thoughts,

Coming death anniversary

Trying to guess between them.

And where will fate send me death?

Is it in battle, on a journey, in the waves?

Or the neighboring valley

Will my cold ashes take me?

And even to an insensitive body

Equally decay everywhere,

But closer to the cute limit

I would still like to rest.

And let at the tomb entrance

The young one will play with life,

And indifferent nature

Shine with eternal beauty.

Prophet (1826)

We are tormented by spiritual thirst,

I dragged myself in the dark desert,

And the six-winged seraph

He appeared to me at a crossroads;

With fingers as light as a dream

He touched my eyes:

The prophetic eyes opened,

Like a frightened eagle.

He touched my ears

And they were filled with noise and ringing:

And I heard the sky tremble,

And the heavenly flight of angels,

And the reptile of the sea underwater,

And the valley of the vine is vegetated.

And he came to my lips,

And my sinner tore out my tongue,

And idle and crafty,

And the sting of the wise snake

My frozen lips

He put it with his bloody right hand.

And he cut my chest with a sword,

And he took out my trembling heart,

And coal blazing with fire,

I pushed the hole into my chest.

I lay like a corpse in the desert,

And God’s voice called to me:

“Rise up, prophet, and see and listen,

Be fulfilled by my will,

And, bypassing the seas and lands,

Burn the hearts of people with the verb"

Subject - traits and properties of character that a poet (as opposed to an ordinary person) must possess in order to to the fullest fulfill your purpose.

Idea - only at the hottest intensity of his feelings is a poet able to create a highly artistic work, completely devoting himself to this task. We need a high goal, an idea in the name of which the poet creates.

« Winter evening" 1825

The storm covers the sky with darkness,

Whirling snow whirlwinds;

Then, like a beast, she will howl,

Then he will cry like a child,

Then on the dilapidated roof

Suddenly the straw will rustle,

The way a belated traveler

There will be a knock on our window.

Our dilapidated shack

And sad and dark.

What are you doing, my old lady?

Silent at the window?

Or howling storms

You, my friend, are tired,

Or dozing under the buzzing

Your spindle?

Let's have a drink, good friend

My poor youth

Let's drink from grief; where is the mug?

The heart will be happier.

Sing me a song like a tit

She lived quietly across the sea;

Sing me a song like a maiden

I went to get water in the morning.

The storm covers the sky with darkness,

Whirling snow whirlwinds;

Then, like a beast, she will howl,

She will cry like a child.

Let's have a drink, good friend

My poor youth

Let's drink from grief: where is the mug?

The heart will be happier.

“I erected a monument to myself, not made by hands” (1836)

I erected a monument to myself, not made by hands,

The people's path to him will not be overgrown,

He ascended higher with his rebellious head

Alexandrian Pillar.

No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the treasured lyre

My ashes will survive and decay will escape -

And I will be glorious as long as I am in the sublunary world

At least one piit will be alive.

Rumors about me will spread throughout Great Rus',

And every tongue that is in it will call me,

And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild

Tungus, and friend of the steppes Kalmyk.

And for a long time I will be so kind to the people,

That I awakened good feelings with my lyre,

What's in my cruel age I praised freedom

And he called for mercy for the fallen.

By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,

Without fear of insult, without demanding a crown;

Praise and slander were accepted indifferently

And don't challenge a fool

Genre : a majestic ode.Poetic size– 6-foot solemn iambic.

Subject – the poet’s full and dignified assessment of the deed he accomplished; Idea - the main thing in poetic creativity– greatness and influence true poet will cross the boundaries of country and era. Pushkin realized that for a poet there are 2 paths: the path of serving the crowd and the path of serving the truth. The poet confirms every word with actions, creativity, even life itself.

“This is at the same time a confession, self-esteem, manifesto and testament of a great poet” (V.V. Vinogradov).

QUESTIONS for self-test.

1. “With the verb, burn the hearts of people" What traits, according to Pushkin, should a poet have?

2. Analyze one of the poet’s poems.

3 Name the leading themes and motives of Pushkin's lyrics. Read by heart and analyze one of your favorite poems by the poet.

4 What do you see as the features of Pushkin’s romanticism? In which works are they most clearly manifested? Give examples from the poet’s lyrical and lyric epic works known to you.

5 What caused the evolution of Pushkin’s creative method, his turn to realism? How were the romantic and realistic principles combined in the poet’s work during the period of Mikhailovsky exile and subsequent years? V. G. Belinsky spoke about “soul-nurturing humanity"Poetry of A. S. Pushkin. Expand to specific examples the humanistic essence of the poet's lyrics. What is its significance for educating the reader’s feelings?

6. What is the significance of A. S. Pushkin’s work for Russian society and the development of Russian literature?

7. Most of Pushkin’s works formed the basis for the musical creations of famous Russian composers and were embodied in romances, arias, and operas. Which of the poet's works are set to music? Name the composers. What are the featuresworks of A. S. Pushkin made it possible