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Analysis of the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Winter Road"

winter road analysis of the poem according to plan

1. History of creation. The poem "Winter Road" (1826) was written by A. S. Pushkin during a trip to the Pskov province. In the mysterious Nina, some researchers guess a distant relative of the poet - S. F. Pushkin. In the winter of 1826, Pushkin proposed to her, but was refused.

2. Genre of the work- landscape and philosophical lyrics.

3. Main topic poems - the depressed mood of the author. At this time, Pushkin was in the so-called. "home" link. Separated from his usual noisy society, the poet took his imprisonment hard.

The melancholy of loneliness was intensified by worries about the fate of the Decembrists. Even in relation to nature, Pushkin does not experience the usual admiration. Everything around him is depicted in black light. The sad and tiring road is already starting to irritate. The ringing of bells, which previously seemed cheerful, becomes boring with its monotony. The usual coachman's song inspires lyrical hero for philosophical reflections on the fate of Russia.

In these native tunes, he feels his blood connection with the common people, in whose souls “daring revelry” and “heartfelt melancholy” are surprisingly combined. This combination is possible only in the vast Russian expanses.

The road seems to be the unknown fate of Russia. For a long time, the traveler does not encounter any traces of life (“wilderness and snow”). Only mile markers remind us of human activity. The lyrical hero tries to drown out his melancholy with dreams of a long-awaited meeting with Nina. He anticipates joy at the end of the endless journey. A monotonous journey tires even a coachman who is used to everything. He falls silent, and the lyrical hero is left completely alone.

4. Composition of the work ring. The first four stanzas describe the trip and the surrounding landscape; the fifth and sixth are dedicated to the future return to the beloved woman; The last stanza is very close in meaning to the first due to the repetition of the mention of the sad moonlight.

5. The size of the poem is trochaic tetrameter with cross rhyme.

6. Expressive means . The depressed state of the lyrical hero is emphasized by the repeated repetition of the same root epithets ("sad", "boring", "monotonous") and adverbs ("sad", "boring", "sad"). The work “comes to life” thanks to personifications: “the moon is creeping through,” “it’s pouring,” “midnight... will not separate.” The poem is based on the contrast of the author’s monotonous impressions with thoughts about meeting his beloved.

7. Main idea works. A. S. Pushkin faced many trials. Finding new strength in himself, the poet emerged with dignity from any troubles and difficulties. The poem “Winter Road” seems very pessimistic, but the main thing in it is still the optimism of the author, looking hopefully into the future.

What brings S.A.’s poem together? Yesenin "Porosh" with the following

poem by A.S. Pushkin's "Winter Road"?

Poems by S.A. Yesenin and A.S. Pushkin is brought together primarily by the theme of the path, the image of the road.

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Analysis of the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Winter Road"

A. S. Pushkin’s poem “Winter Road” is one of the wonderful works of the Russian poet. When you read this poem, you involuntarily imagine dull and at the same time mysterious Russian landscapes. “The moon makes its way”, “it pours a sad light onto the sad meadows.” These words convey exactly the landscape that Pushkin sees as he passes by. He probably deliberately repeats the words “sad”, “sad” to increase sadness and despondency. The poem “Winter Road,” written in 1826, sounds traditional to Pushkin’s lyrics road theme.

The poet even calls the road “boring,” and the tiresome sound of the bell only further increases the author’s sadness. Only the greyhound troika breaks the general natural despondency. Pushkin alone with nature, winter, asleep until spring. The path of the lyrical hero, like the path of the poet himself, is not easy, but, despite the sad mood, the work is full of hope for the best. Life is divided into black and white stripes, like mileposts. The poetic image of “striped miles” is a poetic symbol that personifies the “striped” life of a person. The author moves the reader’s gaze from heaven to earth: “along the winter road”, “the troika is running”, “the bell ... is rattling”, the coachman’s songs. In the second and third stanzas, the author twice uses words of the same root (“Sad”, “sad”) that help to understand state of mind traveler Using alliteration, the poet depicts a poetic image of artistic space - sad meadows. While reading the poem, we hear the ringing of a bell, the creaking of runners in the snow, and the song of the coachman. A coachman's long song means long. The rider is sad and sad. And the reader is not happy. The coachman’s song embodies the basic state of the Russian soul: “daring revelry,” “heartfelt melancholy.” Drawing nature, Pushkin depicts the inner world of the lyrical hero. Nature relates to human experiences.

However, unlike the poems of the romantic period, here it is interpreted differently. The romantic hero is an eternal wanderer, his whole life is on the road, on the road, and any stop means for him the loss of freedom. In romantic poetry, the theme of freedom is very closely connected with the theme of the road. Here the theme of the road is not connected with the desire for freedom, but on the contrary - the hero strives to go home. The road here is associated with “wavy fogs”, “sad glades” and a “monotonous” bell, and the road itself is called “boring”.

The main thing that the poet wanted to convey was the sadness and boredom that awaits any traveler on the winter road. Nature is sleeping, there is silence all around, not a soul around, this makes it even a little creepy. After all, there are no houses around, no lights that would indicate the presence of a person. Gloomy thoughts swarm in my head, it’s cold. One joy is the reward at the end of the journey: sitting by the fireplace with a person dear to your heart. This gives strength, the desire to move on, to expect...

In the meantime, there is silence, sadness and melancholy, white surface and only the bell rings. Even the coachman, tired of the songs, dozed off and seemed to merge with the silent and ominous winter nature. It seems that the silence of the moon and the fields transferred to him. And only pillars rush past, which, although they look sad, at the same time say that the path is getting shorter, final goal is approaching. Only the more often they flash, the endless the winter road seems.

The poem by A. S. Pushkin seems to be divided into two parts, in the first the landscape is described, and the writer’s inner anxiety, melancholy and despondency are felt, and in the second part the author talks to Nina, probably his friend. Pushkin says that tomorrow, when he returns home, even a meeting with his beloved will not make that melancholy disappear, the impression of which will live in his soul for a long time. To convey such a sad, despondent mood, the author uses artistic and visual means: epithets (“sad”, “boring”, “monotonous”, “wavy” and others).

These words give the poem anxiety and sadness. There are also personifications (“the moon is creeping through”, “a sad light is pouring”), these expressions add a touch of mystery. When you finish reading a poem, it seems as if the quiet ringing of a bell is fading away in the distance...

And the last detail - the fog covering the “moon face”, gives the poem even more anxiety and mystery.

A.S. Pushkin loved, understood and subtly felt Russian nature. The poet never depicted a landscape separately from a person: the state of his soul is always in harmony with nature.
The poem “Winter Road” also has a certain hidden meaning. Describing his journey, Alexander Pushkin compares it with own life, just as, in his opinion, boring, dull and joyless. Only a few events bring variety to it, like the way the coachman’s songs, daring and sad, burst into the silence of the night. However, these are only short moments that are not capable of changing life as a whole, giving it sharpness and fullness of sensations.

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Analysis of Yesenin’s poem “Porosha”

Sergei Yesenin is a famous and beloved Russian poet who glorified the beauty of his native land, its nature and endless expanses. The lines of his works are easy to remember and evoke the most vivid feelings. In the poem "Powder", the author very skillfully describes winter time years: trees covered with a white robe, a winter road covered like a shawl with dry and fresh, light snow.

Yesenin’s early works, which include the poem “Porosha,” written in 1914, seem to breathe purity and freshness.The poet does not miss the opportunity to capture in rhymed phrases what is dear to him since childhood. It was during this period of his work that the author more and more often turns to memories, which represent a sharp contrast with the ugly reality. Noisy and bustling Moscow tires Yesenin so much that, left alone with his thoughts, he tries to remember the smell of the winter forest and feel the taste of snow on his lips, in order to later convey this in his poems.

“Porosha” is not only one of the most famous works of Yesenin’s landscape lyrics, but also reveals the poet’s romantic nature. He compares a lonely pine tree with a rural old woman who has tied herself with a white scarf of snow, and the forest itself, enchanted by the invisible, seems to the author to be a magical, dormant kingdom, the peace of which is disturbed only by the ringing of his team’s bell. “The horse is galloping, there is a lot of space. The snow is falling and the shawl is spreading,”these phrases contain extraordinary peace and beauty. At the same time, Yesenin masterfully conveys the dynamics of horse riding, which gives him visible pleasure. And the road running into the distance puts you in a philosophical mood, making you forget all everyday difficulties and troubles.

Yesenin sincerely, like a child, admires the winter landscape in the forest. He very tenderly and reverently conveys in his poem a picture of a winter forest. He calls winter invisible, who did a very good job and dressed everything around in a white outfit. She tied a scarf on the pine tree, causing it to bend and look like an old woman leaning on

on the stick. And the road turned into a white ribbon, ringing under the hooves. Everything around was shrouded in white snow and fell asleep in a lovely sleep, finding ourselves in a wonderful fairy tale.

To make the winter landscape unusual and mysterious, the author uses unusual sounds that break the initial silence. Having listened to the silence, the poet notices that the crackling of snow under the horses’ hooves is so loud that it can be heard very far away, it seems “as if gray crows shouted in the meadow." And the woodpecker, sitting under the “very top” of the tree, like an old woman, knocks very loudly, looking for something important.

How nice it is to put on a warm fur coat, felt boots, a hat, wrap your hands in warm mittens and hit the road through the forest, fields and meadows. Sit in a sleigh drawn by three horses with bells and drive along a well-trodden road to the songs of the coachman. How beautiful the spaces are native land in winter, how solemn and beautiful everything is.

So Yesenin’s lyrical hero takes pleasure in the forest in winter. He calls winter invisible, which tried and dressed up everything in the forest - tied a scarf on a pine tree, making it look like an old woman, turned the road into a white ribbon, ringing under its hooves. In winter, in the forest, everything turned into a fairy tale, or rather into a fairy-tale dream. The whole forest is hostage to this dream. And the snow falls, it covers everything with a white shawl, envelops the whole earth. How joyful and cheerful the soul is at such a time.

The picture is also complemented by unusual sounds - at first, it seems as if it is quiet - this is the first thing the poet writes to us about the forest. However, after listening, the author notices that the forest is noisy with sounds. There, in the distance, you can hear the ringing of hooves and bells, somewhere a woodpecker is chirping, and crows are making noise at the top of a pine tree.

We all drive on the roads, but not everyone is so aware of the things around us. The lyrical hero Yesenin is not tired of loneliness on the road, he does not immerse himself in thoughts. The poet is open to nature, which is probably why she shows him her most beautiful landscapes on the road.

We are used to loving summer for its warmth and bright sun. However, the author invites us to love winter too. And the way he describes the winter landscape evokes irresistible desire fall in love with her yourself. From his lines, it’s as if a quiet forest appears before your eyes, the trees are white with snow, you just want to ride a sleigh or play in the snow, make a snow woman.

Sergei Yesenin has preserved that unity with nature that is inherent in a person only in childhood, which is why his lines are so sweet, simple, and his comparisons are so accurate.

Yesenin managed to see such interesting and mysterious things in an ordinary picture of a winter road and very naturally and easily convey this in poetry. In order to describe ordinary winter nature so sensually and colorfully, you need to really let this beauty through yourself, be imbued with its charm and pour out the full depth of its charm in verse, choosing wonderful words for each element of the landscape.

The work was carried out by Olga Anatolyevna Svetkina, a teacher of Russian language and literature, Secondary School No. 1400.

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Comparative analysis of the poem by S.A. Yesenin “Porosh” with the given poem by A.S. Pushkin "Winter Road".

What brings S.A.’s poem together? Yesenin "Porosh" with the following

poem by A.S. Pushkin's "Winter Road"?

Poems by S.A. Yesenin and A.S. Pushkin is brought together primarily by the theme of the path, the image of the road. Yesenin’s lyrical hero, just like Pushkin’s, contemplates the world in winter, moving in a horse-drawn carriage. There is a ringing motif here and there. In Yesenin, the ringing comes from under the horse’s hooves, in Pushkin, “the monotonous bell / Tiringly rattles.” Yesenin's poems are the same as those

Pushkin, written in one meter - a two-syllable trochee. The effect of drawl and melodiousness in both poets is given by numerous pyrrhic elements. The state of the lyrical heroes is different, but the perception of the road as something complex, calling, mysterious, alluring - like a feeling of living life - is characteristic of these Russian poems

philosophical lyrics.

1.2.1. How does nature appear in the poem, transformed by powder? Nature appears amazing, spiritual and beautiful in S.A.’s poem. Yesenina. This is a living, personified world in which the lyrical hero hears sounds: the ringing from under the hooves of a horse, the noise of crows, the knock of a woodpecker. He sees an enchanted forest with a slumbering old pine tree and a chiselling woodpecker. And the main thing is the space expanding along and upward: from the sound from under the hooves of a horse, through a woodpecker under the top of a pine tree - and the transition to the endless expanse ahead, because “the road runs like a ribbon into the distance.” And a wonderful picture of the world appears, beckoning the lyrical hero forward into the endless distance.

1.2.2.Poem by S.A. Yesenin begins and ends with the image of a road. What meaning does this image take on in the poem?

The image of the road is key in world literature. By road, in the literal sense, we mean a geographical path from a specific point A to point B, even if it is the road from home to school. Another “road” - the path of man and humanity - has figurative meaning, takes on philosophical meaning. So in Yesenin’s poem, the specific image of the road into which the lyrical hero rushes, contemplating the wondrous world around him, is transformed into the image of the endless road of life, the road that “runs away like a ribbon into the distance.” Then we perceive this image as philosophical.

The work was carried out by Olga Anatolyevna Svetkina, a teacher of Russian language and literature, Secondary School No. 1400.

"Winter Road" analysis of the work - theme, idea, genre, plot, composition, characters, issues and other issues are discussed in this article.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was always good at expressing his mood through pictures of nature. A striking example this is what the poem serves "Winter Road", written in December 1826. Only a year passed after the Decembrist uprising, among whom were many of the poet’s friends. Some have already been executed, others have been exiled to Siberia. Pushkin himself served exile in Mikhailovsky, so his mood remained depressed.

Already from the first lines of the work, it becomes clear to the reader that the author is not going through the best moments in his life. Life seems dull and hopeless to the hero, like the lonely clearings in the cold light of the moon, through which a carriage drawn by three horses rides. The journey to the wanderer seems long and boring, and the monotonous sound of the bell seems tiresome. The gloomy landscape is in harmony with the poet’s feelings.

“Winter Road” contains traditional philosophical notes characteristic of Pushkin's lyrics. The hero’s mood is easily comparable to the mood of Alexander Sergeevich himself. Poetic image "versts of stripes" - symbol of changeable fate a person, and the path of the hero of the work, like the path of the poet himself, is not at all easy. Nature sleeps in a deep sleep, an ominous silence reigns everywhere. For many miles around there are no houses or lights. But, despite the melancholic tone of the poem, there is still hope for the best in it. The hero dreams of how he will soon sit by the fireplace with the woman he loves. This gives him strength and desire to continue his dismal journey.

Characteristic for romanticism Pushkin interprets the theme of the path here in a completely different way. Usually the road symbolizes freedom, the hero escapes into nature from a cramped and stuffy room. In "Winter Road" everything happens the other way around. Nature is hostile to the hero, so he hurries home.

The work was written tetrameter trochee. It is a description of nature with elements of the author’s reflections and belongs to the genre of elegy. The composition of the poem is circular. In the first quatrain, the reader is immersed in a winter landscape, and the last stanza again returns him to the kingdom of winter.

The author reveals his sad and despondent mood with the help of epithets: "sad", "monotonous", "boring". The inversion enhances the impression: "on the boring road", "monotonous bell", "troika greyhound", "hour hand". Repeated words with the same root several times characterize the author’s mood and the endlessly long winter road, emphasizing its monotony: "sad", "sadly", "boring", "boring", "boring".

The third quatrain contains epithets expressing Alexander Pushkin’s attitude towards Russian song. In the two adjacent lines, the reader encounters the opposite concepts of melancholy and daring fun, which help the author to hint at the contradictory nature of the Russian person: “then daring revelry, then heartfelt melancholy”.

In the fourth stanza we seem to hear the clatter of horse hooves. This impression is created by the repetition of the consonants “p” and “t”. In the fifth quatrain, Pushkin uses alliteration with the sound “z”, which occurs in five words out of eleven. In this part of the poem the word is repeated in two lines in a row "Tomorrow", increasing the feeling of anticipation of meeting your beloved. In the sixth stanza, the sounds “ch” and “s”, characteristic of the ticking of a clock, are often repeated.

The final seventh stanza repeats the motif of the fifth, but in a different interpretation. Word "path" used here in a figurative sense. The sounds “n”, “l” in combination with the stressed “u” again create a feeling of sadness, melancholy and an endlessly long road.

Most of the verbs in “Winter Road” reveal the emotional experiences of the lyrical hero. Personifications give the landscape a special mysticism and mystery: the moon "sneaks through" through the fog, the light pours sadly, the moon's face "foggy".

The poem “Winter Road” was first published in 1828 in the magazine “Moskovsky Vestnik”. Its musicality and stylistic beauty still attract the attention of composers to this day. More than fifty authors wrote music for “Winter Road”. Songs about the coachman and the greyhound troika have gained enormous popularity, many of them have long become folk songs.

Landscapes of A. S. Pushkin - not only embodied in art form images of nature, but also a tool for conveying one’s own experiences. The poem described in the article is studied in 4th grade. We invite you to familiarize yourself with brief analysis"Winter road" according to plan.

Brief Analysis

History of creation– the work was written in 1826, first appeared in print in the magazine “Moskovsky Vestnik” for 1828.

Theme of the poem- the sad charm of winter nature and “heartfelt melancholy.”

Composition– According to the meaning, the poem is divided into two parts: a winter landscape and an appeal to Nina. The poem consists of seven quatrains.

Genre- elegy.

Poetic size– tetrameter trochee, cross rhyme ABAB.

Metaphors – “the moon makes its way into the sad meadows”, “midnight will not separate us”, “the moon’s face is foggy.”

Epithets – “wavy fogs”, “boring road”, “monotonous bell”, “daring revelry”, “black hut”, “striped miles”.

History of creation

The poem appeared from the pen of Alexander Sergeevich in 1826. It has an autobiographical basis. There are two versions of the story of the creation of the work. Some researchers believe that it is dedicated to a distant relative of the author, Sofia Pushkina. Few people know that the poet was going to marry her. In the winter of 1826, he proposed to the girl. According to this hypothesis, Sofia is hiding under the image of the mysterious Nina.

Other scholars claim that the work was written after a trip to Moscow. In September 1826, Pushkin was notified that Nicholas I was waiting for him in Moscow. The Emperor promised the poet his patronage and freedom from censorship control. It is known that the conversation with the emperor was tense.

“Winter Evening” was first seen by the world in 1828 in the magazine “Moskovsky Vestnik”.

Subject

In Russian literature, many poets developed winter themes. For Pushkin, it is closely connected with emotional experiences. The author reveals two themes - the beauty of winter nature and “heartfelt melancholy.” In the center of the work is the lyrical hero, the secondary images are Nina and the coachman.

The lyrical hero drives along a winter road, observing nature. Already the initial landscape sketches make it clear to the reader that the main character is in a sad mood. He notices how the moon casts a sad light on the sad meadows. The road seems boring to the man and even the bell on the greyhound troika does not ring, but rattles, tiring the ear.

The lyrical hero of the poem listens to the coachman's songs. The chants evoke in him mixed feelings of joy and melancholy. Along the way there is nothing pleasing to the eye, everything around is deserted: no fire, no “hut”. The wilderness depresses the hero even more.

The hero's boredom dissipates a little when he remembers his imminent meeting with Nina. The imagination begins to imagine wonderful moments in the girl’s company. It is noticeable that the man is in love with her, because he says: “I’ll forget myself by the fireplace, I’ll just stare at her.” The hero is pleased that the midnight hour will not separate him from his beloved.

In the last stanza, the traveler leaves his dreams and returns to reality. He feels sad again. Mentally turning to Nina, he talks about the boring journey and the dozing coachman.

After reading the work, it becomes clear what its main idea: even cheerful winter landscapes can turn into dull pictures if there is no loved one; nature is capable of reflecting all human feelings.

Composition

The composition of the analyzed poem is simple. In terms of meaning, the poem is conventionally divided into two parts: a winter landscape and an appeal to Nina. Pictures of winter nature frame the appeal to the girl. The poem consists of seven quatrains. Analysis of the formal and semantic organization of a verse helps to trace how the author realizes the idea of the work.

Genre

The genre of the work is elegy. The poet describes nature, constantly emphasizing his sadness; in the poems addressed to Nina, melancholy is felt along with joyful notes. The poetic meter is trochaic tetrameter. The rhyme pattern in the text is cross ABAB, there are male and female rhymes.

Means of expression

The winter landscape is created using means of expression. They are also a tool for conveying the experiences of the lyrical hero. Prevail in the text epithets: “wavy fogs”, “boring road”, “monotonous bell”, “daring revelry”, “black hut”, “striped miles”. Landscape and psychological sketches are given expressiveness metaphors: “the moon makes its way into the sad meadows”, “midnight will not separate us”, “the moon’s face is foggy”. The poet does not use comparisons. The mixed feelings of the lyrical hero are conveyed using antitheses, for example, describing the coachman’s song, he says that one can feel in it: “Now daring revelry, now heartfelt melancholy.”

In order to convey the sadness of the hero, A.S. Pushkin uses dangling sentences in three quatrains.

“Winter Road” Alexander Pushkin

Through the wavy mists
The moon creeps in
To the sad meadows
She sheds a sad light.

On the winter, boring road
Three greyhounds are running,
Single bell
It rattles tiresomely.

Something sounds familiar
In the coachman's long songs:
That reckless revelry
That's heartbreak...

No fire, no black house...
Wilderness and snow... Towards me
Only miles are striped
They come across one.

Bored, sad... Tomorrow, Nina,
Tomorrow, returning to my dear,
I'll forget myself by the fireplace,
I'll take a look without looking at it.

The hour hand sounds loud
He will make his measuring circle,
And, removing the annoying ones,
Midnight will not separate us.

It’s sad, Nina: my path is boring,
My driver fell silent from his doze,
The bell is monotonous,
The moon's face is clouded.

Analysis of Pushkin’s poem “Winter Road”

Alexander Pushkin is one of the few Russian poets who managed to masterfully convey in his works own feelings and thoughts, drawing a surprisingly subtle parallel with surrounding nature. An example of this is the poem “Winter Road,” written in 1826 and, according to many researchers of the poet’s work, dedicated to his distant relative, Sofia Fedorovna Pushkina.

This poem has a rather sad backstory.. Few people know that the poet was connected with Sofia Pushkina not only by family ties, but also very romantic relationship. In the winter of 1826, he proposed to her, but was refused. Therefore, it is likely that in the poem “Winter Road” the mysterious stranger Nina, to whom the poet addresses, is the prototype of his beloved. The journey itself described in this work is nothing more than Pushkin’s visit to his chosen one in order to resolve the issue of marriage.

From the first lines of the poem “Winter Road” it becomes clear that the poet is by no means in a rosy mood. Life seems to him dull and hopeless, like “sad meadows” through which winter night A carriage drawn by three horses is rushing. The gloominess of the surrounding landscape is consonant with the feelings experienced by Alexander Pushkin. The dark night, the silence, occasionally broken by the ringing of a bell and the dull song of the coachman, the absence of villages and the eternal companion of wanderings - striped mileposts - all this makes the poet fall into a kind of melancholy. It is likely that the author anticipates the collapse of his matrimonial hopes in advance, but does not want to admit it to himself. For him the image of a beloved is a happy release from a tedious and boring journey. “Tomorrow, when I return to my sweetheart, I will forget myself by the fireplace,” the poet dreams hopefully, counting on the fact that the final goal will more than justify the long night journey and will allow to the fullest enjoy peace, comfort and love.

The poem “Winter Road” also has a certain hidden meaning. Describing his journey, Alexander Pushkin compares it with his own life, which, in his opinion, is just as boring, dull and joyless. Only a few events bring variety to it, like the way the coachman’s songs, daring and sad, burst into the silence of the night. However, these are only short moments that are not capable of changing life as a whole, giving it sharpness and fullness of sensations.

We should also not forget that by 1826 Pushkin was already an accomplished, mature poet, but his literary ambitions were not fully satisfied. He dreamed of great fame, but in the end high society actually turned away from him not only because of freethinking, but also due to his unbridled love for gambling. It is known that by this time the poet had managed to squander the rather modest fortune he had inherited from his father, and hoped to improve his financial affairs through marriage. It is possible that Sofya Feodorovna still had warm and tender feelings for her distant relative, but the fear of ending her days in poverty forced the girl and her family to reject the poet’s offer.
Probably, the upcoming matchmaking and the expectation of refusal became the reason for such a gloomy mood in which Alexander Pushkin was during the trip and created one of the most romantic and sad poems, “Winter Road,” filled with sadness and hopelessness. And also the belief that perhaps he will be able to break out of the vicious circle and change his life for the better.