Parsing the sentence, various objects were circling. Parsing a sentence

Today we continue to study a complex sentence; in this lesson we will learn how to parse it.

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement ( narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Determine the type of sentence by intonation ( exclamation, non-exclamation).

3. Identify simple sentences within complex ones and determine their bases.

4. Determine the means of communication of simple sentences in a complex one ( allied, non-union).

5. Highlight the minor members in each part of a complex sentence, indicate whether it is common or uncommon.

6. Note the presence of homogeneous members or appeals.

Proposition 1 (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Sentence 1

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex (has two grammatical bases), conjunctive (connected by the conjunction And), both the first and second parts are not widespread (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Analysis of sentence 1

Proposition 2 (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Sentence 2

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-conjunctive. The first part is common (there is a definition), the second is not common (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Analysis of sentence 2

Parse the sentence (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Offer

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction. The first part is common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. The second part is common.

Rice. 6. Analysis of the proposal

References

1. Russian language. 5th grade. In 3 parts Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. 9th ed., revised. - M.: 2012 Part 1 - 182 p., Part 2 - 167 p., Part 3 - 63 p.

2. Russian language. 5th grade. Textbook in 2 parts. Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T., Trostentsova L.A. and others - M.: Education, 2012. - Part 1 - 192 pp.; Part 2 - 176 p.

3. Russian language. 5th grade. Textbook / Ed. Razumovskoy M.M., Lekanta P.A. - M.: 2012 - 318 p.

4. Russian language. 5th grade. Textbook in 2 parts Rybchenkova L.M. and others - M.: Education, 2014. - Part 1 - 127 p., Part 2 - 160 p.

1. Website of the festival of pedagogical ideas “Open Lesson” ()

Homework

1. What is the procedure for parsing a complex sentence?

2. What are complex sentences for the means of communication between parts?

3. Underline the grammatical basics in the sentence:

The hasty dawn was approaching, the heights of heaven brightened.

Parsing simple sentence firmly entered into the practice of primary and high school. This is the most difficult and voluminous type grammar parsing. It includes the characteristics and outline of the sentence, analysis by members indicating parts of speech.

The structure and meaning of a simple sentence is studied starting from the 5th grade. The full set of features of a simple sentence is indicated in the 8th grade, and in the 9th grade the focus is on complex sentences.

In this type of analysis, the levels of morphology and syntax are correlated: the student must be able to identify parts of speech, recognize their forms, find conjunctions, understand how words are connected in a phrase, know the signs of the main and minor members offers.

Let's start with the simplest thing: we will help the children prepare for parsing in 5th grade. In elementary school, the student remembers the sequence of parsing and performs it at an elementary level, indicating the grammatical basis, syntactic connections between words, the type of sentence according to the composition and purpose of the statement, learns to draw up diagrams and find homogeneous members.

Used in elementary school different programs in the Russian language, so the level of requirements and preparation of students are different. In the fifth grade, I took in children who studied in elementary school under the programs of the educational system "School 2100", "School of Russia" and "Primary School of the 21st Century". There are big differences. Teachers primary school They do a tremendous amount of work to compensate for the shortcomings of their textbooks, and they themselves “create” continuity between primary and secondary schools.

In grade 5, the material on sentence analysis is generalized, expanded and built into more full form, in grades 6-7 it is improved taking into account newly studied morphological units ( verb forms: participle and gerund; adverb and state category; function words: prepositions, conjunctions and particles).

Let us show with examples the differences between the level of requirements in the parsing format.

In 4th grade	In 5th grade
In a simple sentence, the grammatical basis is highlighted, familiar parts of speech are indicated above the words, homogeneous members are emphasized, phrases are written out, or syntactic connections between words are drawn. Scheme: [O -, O]. Declarative, non-exclamatory, simple, common, with homogeneous predicates. Noun (main word) + adj., Ch. (main word) + noun. Ch. (main word) + place. Adverb + verb (main word)	Syntactic connections are not drawn, phrases are not written out, the scheme and basic notations are the same, but the characteristics are different: narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. Analysis is constantly practiced in class and participates in grammar tasks control dictations.
In a complex sentence, the grammatical basics are emphasized, the parts are numbered, familiar parts of speech are signed over the words, the type is indicated according to the purpose of the statement and emotional coloring, according to the composition and presence of minor members. Parsing scheme: [O and O] 1, 2, and 3. Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, widespread.	The scheme remains the same, but the characteristics are different: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, consists of 3 parts that are connected by a non-union and union connection, 1 part has homogeneous members, all parts are two-part and widespread. Analysis of a complex sentence in grade 5 is for educational purposes and is not a means of control.
Sentence patterns with direct speech: A: “P!” or "P," - a. The concept of quotation is introduced, which coincides in design with direct speech.	The diagrams are supplemented by a break in direct speech with the words of the author: “P, - a. - P.” and "P, - a, - p". The concept of dialogue and ways of its design are introduced. Schemes are drawn up, but sentences with direct speech are not characterized.

Plan for parsing a simple sentence

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Find out the type of sentence by emotional coloring (non-exclamatory or exclamatory).

3. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence, underline it and indicate the methods of expression, indicate that the sentence is simple.

4. Determine the composition of the main members of the proposal (two-part or one-part).

5. Determine the presence of minor members (common or non-common).

6. Emphasize the minor members of the sentence, indicate the ways of expressing them (parts of speech): from the composition of the subject and the composition of the predicate.

7. Determine the presence of missing members of the sentence (complete or incomplete).

8. Determine the presence of a complication (complicated or not complicated).

9. Write down the characteristics of the proposal.

10. Create an outline of the proposal.

For analysis, we used sentences from Sergei Kozlov’s wonderful fairy tales about the Hedgehog and the Little Bear.

1) It was an extraordinary autumn day!

2) Everyone’s duty is to work.

3) Thirty mosquitoes ran out into the clearing and began to play their squeaky violins.

4) He has neither a father, nor a mother, nor a Hedgehog, nor a Bear.

5) And Belka took some nuts and a cup and hurried after.

6) And they put things in a basket: mushrooms, honey, a teapot, cups - and went to the river.

7) Pine needles, fir cones, and even cobwebs - they all straightened up, smiled and began to sing with all their might the last autumn song of the grass.

8) The Hedgehog lay, covered up to his nose with a blanket, and looked at the Little Bear with quiet eyes.

9) The hedgehog sat on a hill under a pine tree and looked at the moonlit valley, flooded with fog.

10) Across the river, the forest was dark, blazing with aspens.

11) So until the evening they ran, jumped, jumped off the cliff and screamed at the top of their lungs, setting off the stillness and silence of the autumn forest.

12) And he jumped like a real kangaroo.

13) Water, where are you running?

14) Maybe he's gone crazy?

15) It seems to me that he imagined himself... as the wind.

Examples of parsing simple sentences

To use punctuation marks correctly, you need to have a clear understanding of the sentence structure. Syntactic parsing, that is, parsing the sentence into members, is intended to help you understand it. Our article is devoted to the syntactic parsing of sentences.

Syntax units

Syntax studies the connections between words within phrases or sentences. Thus, the units of syntax are phrases and sentences - simple or complex. In this article we will talk about how to parse a sentence, not a phrase, although often at school they are asked to do this too.

Why is sentence parsing needed?

Syntactic analysis of a sentence involves a detailed examination of its structure. This is absolutely necessary in order to put punctuation marks correctly. In addition, it helps to understand the connection of words within a phrase. During syntactic analysis, as a rule, the characteristics of the sentence are given, all members of the sentence are determined and it is replaced by what parts of speech they are expressed. This is the so-called full parsing. But sometimes this term is used to refer to a short, partial, syntactic analysis, during which the student only emphasizes the parts of the sentence.

Members of the sentence

Among the members of a sentence, the main ones are always identified first: subject and predicate. They usually form the grammatical basis. If a sentence has one grammatical stem, it simple, more than one - complex.

The grammatical basis can consist of two main members, or include only one of them: either only the subject, or only the predicate. In the second case we say that the sentence one-piece. If both main members are present - two-part.

If, apart from the grammatical basis, there are no words in a sentence, it is called undistributed. IN widespread the sentence also has minor members: addition, definition, circumstance; a special case of definition is application.

if a sentence contains words that are not members of the sentence (for example, appeal), it is still considered uncommon.

When performing analysis, it is necessary to name the part of speech by which one or another member of the sentence is expressed. The children practice this skill while studying Russian in the 5th grade.

Offer characteristics

To characterize a proposal, you need to indicate it, you need to describe it

• according to the purpose of the statement;
• by intonation;
• by the number of grammatical bases and so on.

Below we offer an outline of the proposal's characteristics.

According to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative, motivating.

By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

Exclamatory sentences can be any type of sentence, not just incentive ones.

By the number of grammatical bases: simple or complex.

By the number of main members in the grammatical basis: one-piece or two-piece.

If the sentence is one-part, it is necessary determine its type: nominative, definitely personal, indefinitely personal, impersonal.

By the presence of minor members: widespread or not widespread.

If the proposal is complicated in some way, then this must also be indicated. This is a plan for parsing a sentence; It's better to stick to it.

Complicated sentence

The sentence may be complicated by inversion, introductory and insertive constructions, homogeneous members, isolated members, direct speech. If any of these types of complications is present, then you must indicate that the sentence is complicated and write with what.

For example, the sentence “Guys, let’s live together!” complicated by the address “guys”.

If the sentence is complex

If it is necessary to analyze a complex sentence, you must first indicate that it is complex and determine its type: conjunctive or non-conjunctive, and if conjunctive, then also complex or complex. Then characterize each of the parts in terms of the composition of the grammatical basis (two-part or one-part, type of one-part) and the presence/absence of minor members.

The table shows the minor members and their questions.

Minor members can be expressed in different parts speech, for example the definition:

wool skirt- adjective;

wool skirt- noun;

ironed skirt- participle;

habit of winning- infinitive...

Example of parsing a sentence

Let's look at the proposal “I didn’t know that you, Masha, moved from the village to the city”.

We emphasize grammar basics. There are two of them: knew and You moved. Let's define parts of speech: knew- predicate, expressed by a verb in personal form etc.

Now we emphasize minor members:

Moved from where? from the village - a circumstance expressed by a noun; Where? to the city - also a circumstance, also expressed by a noun. Masha- this is an appeal, it is not a member of the sentence.

Now let's give characteristics. The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, complex.

The first part “didn’t know” is incomplete and undistributed.

The second part is two-part, widespread. Complicated handling.

At the end of the analysis, you need to draw up a diagram of a complex sentence.

What have we learned?

Parsing is designed to help you understand the structure of a sentence, so you need to indicate everything that can be associated with it. It is better to carry out the analysis according to plan, then there is a greater chance that you will not forget anything. It is necessary not only to emphasize the members of the sentence, but also to identify the parts of speech and characterize the sentence.

Test on the topic

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Not all schoolchildren find it easy to fully parse a sentence. We will tell you correct sequence actions that will help you cope with such a task more easily.

Step 1: Read the sentence carefully and determine the purpose of the statement.

According to the purpose of the statement, sentences are divided into:

• narrative – "Beauty will save the world"(F. Dostoevsky);
• interrogative – “Rus, where are you going?”(N. Gogol);
• incentive – “My friend, let’s dedicate our souls to our homeland with wonderful impulses!”(A. Pushkin); “A testament to writers: there is no need to invent intrigues and plots. Take advantage of the stories that life itself provides."(F. Dostoevsky).

Declarative sentences contain a message about something and are characterized by a calm narrative intonation. The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse.

The purpose of interrogative sentences is to obtain from the interlocutor an answer to the question posed in the sentence. In some cases, when the question is rhetorical in nature (i.e. does not require an answer), the purpose of such a sentence is different - a pathetic expression of a thought, idea, expression of the speaker’s attitude towards something, etc.

The purpose of uttering an incentive sentence is to motivate the recipient of the message to take some action. An incentive can express a direct order, advice, request, warning, call to action, etc. The differences between some of these options are often expressed not in the structure of the sentence itself, but in the intonation of the speaker.

Step 2: Determine intonation and emotional coloring offers.

At this stage of parsing the sentence, look at what punctuation mark is at the end of the sentence. According to this parameter, proposals are divided into:

• exclamation points - “What a neck! What eyes!”(I. Krylov);
• non-exclamation - “The thought flies, but the words walk step by step”(A. Green).

Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence.

The number of grammatical stems in a sentence determines what kind of sentence it is:

• simple sentence - “Wine turns a person into a beast and a beast, drives him into a frenzy”(F. Dostoevsky);
• complex sentence - “It seems to me that people do not understand how much misery and unhappiness in their lives arises from laziness.”(Ch. Aitmatov).

In the future, the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence and the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence follow different paths.

First, let's look at the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the sentence.

A simple sentence, depending on the presence of a full set of main members of the sentence or the absence of any of them, can be:

• one-piece - “It is not difficult to despise the court of people, but it is impossible to despise your own court”(A. Pushkin), there is no subject; "Autumn. A fairy-tale palace, open for everyone to see. Clearings of forest roads looking into lakes"(B. Pasternak), there is no predicate;
• two-part – "Very bad sign there is a loss of the ability to understand humor, allegories, jokes"(F. Dostoevsky).

Indicate which main member is present in the one-part sentence. Depending on this, one-part sentences They are nominal (there is a subject: nominative) and verbal (there is a predicate: definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal).

Stage 5 for a simple sentence: See if the sentence has minor members.

Depending on the presence/absence of additions, definitions and circumstances, a simple sentence can be:

• widespread – “My goal was to visit Old Street”(I. Bunin);
• uncommon – “The seizure is over. Sadness in disgrace"(S. Yesenin).

Stage 6 for a simple sentence: Determine full offer or incomplete.

Whether a sentence is complete or incomplete depends on whether its structure includes all the members of the sentence that are needed for a complete, meaningful statement. Incomplete ones lack any of the major or minor members. And the meaning of the statement is determined by the context or previous sentences.

• full offer - “Prishvin’s words bloom and sparkle”(K. Paustovsky);
• incomplete sentence - "What is your name? - I’m Anochka.”(K. Fedin).

When parsing a sentence for an incomplete sentence, indicate which parts of the sentence are missing.

Stage 7 for a simple sentence: Determine whether the sentence is complicated or not complicated.

A simple sentence can be complicated or uncomplicated introductory words and appeals, homogeneous or isolated members of the sentence, direct speech. Examples of simple complex sentences:

• “Ostap Bender, as a strategist, was magnificent”(I. Ilf, E. Petrov);
• “He, the commissar, had to become on a par with Sarychev, if not in personal charm, not in past military merits, not in military talent, but in everything else: integrity, firmness, knowledge of the matter, and finally, courage in battle.”(K. Simonov).

Stage 8 for a simple sentence

First, they designate the subject and predicate, then the secondary ones in the subject and the secondary ones in the predicate.

Stage 9 for a simple sentence

In this case, indicate the grammatical basis; if the sentence is complicated, indicate the complication.

Look at a sample parsing sentence:

• Oral analysis: narrative sentence, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: the doorman trampled, was about to move, did not, stopped, common, complete, complicated by homogeneous predicates, separate definition(participial phrase), a separate circumstance (adverbial phrase).
• Written analysis: narrative, unspoken, simple, two-part, g/o the doorman trampled, was about to move, didn’t, stopped, spread, complicated. homogeneous. tale, isolated def. (participial turnover), separate. society (adverbial turnover). Now let's look at the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a complex sentence: Determine how connections exist between parts of a complex sentence.

Depending on the presence or absence of unions, the connection can be:

• allied - “Those who strive for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit”(L. Tolstoy);
• non-union - “At the moment when the moon, so huge and clear, rose above the crest of that dark mountain, the stars that were in the sky opened their eyes at once.”(Ch. Aitmatov).

Stage 5 for a complex sentence: Find out what ties the parts of a complex sentence together:

• intonation;
• coordinating conjunctions;
• subordinating conjunctions.

Stage 6 for a complex sentence: Based on the connection between the parts of the sentence and the means by which this connection is expressed, classify the sentence.

Classification complex sentences:

• compound sentence (SSP) - “My father had a strange influence on me, and our relationship was strange” (I. Turgenev);
• complex sentence (SPP) - “She did not take her eyes off the road that leads through the grove” (I. Goncharov);
• complex non-union proposal(BSP) - “I know: in your heart there is both pride and direct honor” (A. Pushkin);
• offer with different types connections - “People are divided into two categories: those who first think, and then speak and, accordingly, do, and those who first act, and then think” (L. Tolstoy).

The connection between the parts of a non-conjunctive complex sentence can be expressed different signs punctuation: comma, colon, dash, semicolon.

Stage 7 for a complex sentence: Describe the connections between the parts of the sentence.

Define:

• what does the subordinate clause refer to;
• whereby the subordinate part is attached to the main part;
• what question does it answer?

Stage 8 for a complex sentence: If there are several subordinate clauses, describe the relationships between them:

• sequential - “I heard Gaidar cleaning the pot with sand and scolding him because the handle fell off” (K. Paustovsky);
• parallel - “We must accurately take into account the environment in which a poetic work develops, so that a word alien to this environment does not appear by chance” (V. Mayakovsky);
• homogeneous - “It was difficult to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or whether the moon was about to rise” (A. Chekhov)

Stage 9 for a complex sentence: Underline all members of the sentence and indicate by what parts of speech they are expressed.

Stage 10 for a complex sentence: Now parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, see the diagram above.

Stage 11 for a complex sentence: Outline the sentence.

In this case, indicate the means of communication, the type of subordinate part. Look at a sample parsing of a complex sentence:

Conclusion

The scheme for syntactic parsing of a sentence proposed by us will help to correctly characterize the sentence according to all significant parameters. Use this step-by-step guide regularly at school and at home to better remember the sequence of reasoning when analyzing sentences.

Examples of syntactic analysis of sentences of simple and complex structure will help to correctly characterize sentences in oral and written form. With our instructions, a complex task will become clearer and simpler, will help you master the material and consolidate it in practice.

Write a comment if this diagram was useful to you. And if you found it useful, don’t forget to tell your friends and classmates about it.

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Schoolchildren, students of philological faculties, and people with other related goals are often interested in the analysis of verbal structures. Today we’ll talk about how to parse a sentence online and what services can handle it. In fact, there are many sites on the Internet that offer similar services, but the resource is not always effective and convenient. We will get acquainted with the most popular and functional products.

On this website Easily complete even the most complex tasks online mode. Moreover, in the process of analysis you gain additional knowledge and can understand even more about the topic than by reading dry theory. In order to take advantage of the service, you will have to register. A real school virtual assistant with which you can learn 5th grade easily and quickly. There is nothing superfluous or distracting, so it deservedly comes first.

Excellent, clear crib. Clear schemes for parsing sentences are proposed different levels complexity in the form of a table, excellent examples are provided. The resource was created specifically to help with studying, so it can be used as a basis not only for learning the Russian language, but also mathematics.

It is worth noting that the site has essays for grades 3, 5, 6, 7 and much more.

Another special service, deserving special attention. Here it is possible to parse a sentence online, regardless of the number of words and characters. Working with it is easy and convenient, mainly due to the fact that the platform was created specifically for parsing.

As noted, the tool is capable of parsing entire sentence structures of any complexity for free, not to mention individual words. The analysis algorithm is simple:

• the original dictionary forms are indicated;
• grammar analysis;
• cases.

The design is pleasant and comfortable to read. In addition, on the site you will find subsections with various literature, both Russian and foreign. You can find biographies of poets and writers - this content is often needed in school curriculum. The tool will definitely come in handy if you are tired of numerous advertisements, there is practically none here and will not interfere. It's easy to get used to and has a lot of useful information.

The only downside is that there are no other materials on the Russian language, the content is mainly created on the basis of literature, but at the same time you can use the analysis at any time.

Online parsing of sentences using Seosin.ru

One of the most popular special resources in this area. The developers claim that it is easily capable of performing online not only syntactic but also morphological analysis, after which the user receives complete informative statistics about a specific text.

Working with such an assistant is easy:

• go to the main page;
• paste the copied text into an empty field;
• enter the verification number located below;
• click “Analyze”.

If necessary, you can seek help from specialized forums, where threads are divided by topic. For example, many recommend Lingvoforum or section of the TurboText website - Certificate. Just open a new topic or add a question to an existing one, and wait.

As you can see, parsing complex sentences online is not difficult. In addition, not only a theoretical basis is offered, but also in real time it is possible to analyze the desired vocabulary structure.