The first Rurikovich years and deeds table. Rurikovich: family tree of the dynasty
There were Rurikovichs for sure, but was there a Rurik... Most likely he was, but his personality still raises many more questions than answers.
The Tale of Bygone Years tells about the calling of Rurik by the Eastern Slavs. According to the Tale, this happened in 862 (although the calendar in Rus' in those years was different, and the year in fact was not 862). Some researchers. and this can be seen in particular from the diagram below, Rurik is called the founder of the dynasty, but its foundation is considered only from his son Igor. Probably, during his lifetime, Rurik did not have time to recognize himself as the founder of a dynasty, because he was busy with other things. But the descendants, after thinking about it, decided to call themselves a dynasty.
Three main hypotheses regarding the origin have been formed.
- The first - the Norman theory - claims that Rurik with his brothers and retinue were from the Vikings. Among the Scandinavian peoples at that time, as proven by research, the name Rurik really existed (meaning “illustrious and noble man”). True, with a specific candidate, information about which is also available in other historical stories or documents, problems. There is no clear identification with anyone: for example, the noble Danish Viking of the 9th century, Rorik of Jutland, or a certain Eirik Emundarson from Sweden, who raided the Baltic lands, is described.
- The second, Slavic version, where Rurik is shown as a representative of the princely family of the Obodrites from the West Slavic lands. There is information that one of the Slavic tribes living on the territory of historical Prussia was then called Varangians. Rurik is a variant of the Western Slavic “Rerek, Rarog” - not a personal name, but the name of the Obodrit princely family, meaning “falcon”. Supporters of this version believe that the coat of arms of the Rurikovichs was precisely a symbolized image of a falcon.
- The third theory believes that Rurik really did not exist at all - the founder of the Rurik dynasty emerged from the local Slavic population during the struggle for power, and two hundred years later his descendants, in order to ennoble their origins, ordered the author of The Tale of Bygone Years a propaganda story about the Varangian Rurik.
Over the years, the princely dynasty of Rurikovich was fragmented into many branches. Not many European dynasties can compare with it in the ramifications and large number of offspring. But that was the very policy of this ruling group, they did not set out to sit firmly in the capital; on the contrary, they sent their offspring to all corners of the country.
The branching of the Rurikovichs begins in the generation of Prince Vladimir (some call him the Saint, and some the Bloody), and first of all the line of the princes of Polotsk, the descendants of Izyaslav Vladimirovich, separates.
Very briefly about some of the Rurikovichs
After the death of Rurik, power passed to Saint Oleg, who became the guardian of Rurik’s young son, Igor. Prophetic Oleg united the scattered Russian principalities into one state. He glorified himself with intelligence and belligerence, with a large army he went down the Dnieper, took Smolensk, Lyubech, Kyiv and made the latter his capital city. Askold and Dir were killed, and Oleg showed little Igor to the clearings:
“Here is the son of Rurik - your prince.”
As you know, according to legend, he died from a snake bite.
Next Igor grew up and became the Grand Duke of Kyiv. He contributed to the strengthening of statehood among Eastern Slavs, the extension of the power of the Kyiv prince to the East Slavic tribal associations between the Dniester and the Danube. But in the end he turned out to be a greedy ruler, for which he was killed by the Drevlyans.
Olga, Igor's wife, brutally took revenge on the Drevlyans for the death of her husband and conquered their main city of Korosten. She was distinguished by a rare intelligence and great abilities. In her declining years she accepted Christianity and was later canonized.
One of the most famous princesses in Rus'.
Svyatoslav. Known as one of the most prominent commanders from the Rurik family, for the most part he did not sit still, but was on military campaigns. His son Yaropolk considered responsible for the death of his brother Oleg, who tried to claim the Kiev throne.
But Yaropolk was also killed, and again by his brother, Vladimir.
The same one Vladimir that Rus' baptized. The Kiev Grand Duke Vladimir Svyatoslavovich was at first a fanatical pagan; he is also credited with such traits as vindictiveness and bloodthirstiness. At least he did not regret his brother and got rid of him in order to take the princely throne in Kyiv.
His son Yaroslav Vladimirovich, to whom history added the nickname “Wise,” was truly a wise and diplomatic ruler Old Russian state. The time of his reign is not only internecine feudal wars between close relatives, but also attempts to bring Kievan Rus to the world political arena, attempts to overcome feudal fragmentation, and the construction of new cities. The reign of Yaroslav the Wise is the development of Slavic culture, a kind of golden period of the Old Russian state.
Izyaslav - I- the eldest son of Yaroslav, after the death of his father, took the Kiev throne, but after an unsuccessful campaign against the Polovtsians, he was driven out by the people of Kiev, and his brother became the Grand Duke Svyatoslav. After the death of the latter, Izyaslav returned to Kyiv again.
Vsevolod - I could have been a useful ruler and a worthy representative of the Rurikovichs, but it didn’t work out. This prince was pious, truthful, loved education very much and knew five languages, but the Polovtsian raids, famine, pestilence and turmoil in the country did not favor his principality. He held onto the throne only thanks to his son Vladimir, nicknamed Monomakh.
Svyatopolk - II- the son of Izyaslav I, who inherited the Kiev throne after Vsevolod I, was distinguished by his lack of character and was unable to pacify the civil strife of the princes over the possession of cities. At the congress in Lyubich Pereslavl in 1097, the princes kissed the cross “to each one own his father’s land,” but soon Prince David Igorevich blinded Prince Vasilko.
The princes gathered again for a congress in the year 1100, and deprived David of Volhynia; at the suggestion of Vladimir Monomakh, they decided at the Dolob congress, in 1103, to undertake a joint campaign against the Polovtsians, the Russians defeated the Polovtsians on the Sal River (in 1111) and took a lot of cattle: cattle, sheep, horses, etc. The Polovtsian princes alone killed up to 20 people . The fame of this victory spread far among the Greeks, Hungarians and other Slavs.
Vladimir Monomakh. A widely known representative of the Rurik dynasty. Despite the seniority of the Svyatoslavichs, after the death of Svyatopolk II, Vladimir Monomakh was elected to the Kiev throne, who, according to the chronicle, “wanted good for the brethren and the whole Russian land.” He stood out for his great abilities, rare intelligence, courage and tirelessness. He was happy in his campaigns against the Polovtsians. He humbled the princes with his severity. The “teaching to children” he left is remarkable, in which he gives purely Christian moral teaching and high example the prince's service to his homeland.
Mstislav - I. Resembling his father Monomakh, Monomakh's son, Mstislav I, lived harmoniously with his brothers in mind and character, inspiring respect and fear in the disobedient princes. Thus, he expelled the Polovtsian princes who disobeyed him to Greece, and instead of them, he installed his son to rule in the city of Polotsk.
Yaropolk, Mstislav's brother, Yaropolk, son of Monomakh, decided to transfer the inheritance not to his brother Vyacheslav, but to his nephew. Thanks to the discord that arose from here, the Monomakhovichs lost the Kiev throne, which passed to the descendants of Oleg Svyatoslavovich - the Olegovichs.
Vsevolod - II. Having achieved a great reign, Vsevolod wanted to consolidate the Kiev throne in his family and handed it over to his brother Igor Olegovich. But not recognized by the people of Kiev and tonsured a monk, Igor was soon killed.
Izyaslav - II. The people of Kiev recognized Izyaslav II Mstislavovich, who vividly resembled his famous grandfather Monomakh with his intelligence, brilliant talents, courage and friendliness. With the accession of Izyaslav II to the grand-princely throne, the concept of seniority rooted in ancient Rus' was violated: In one family, a nephew could not be a grand duke during his uncle’s lifetime.
Yuri "Dolgoruky". Prince of Suzdal from 1125, Grand Duke of Kiev in 1149-1151, 1155-1157, founder of Moscow. Yuri was the sixth son of Prince Vladimir Monomakh. After the death of his father, he inherited the Rostov-Suzdal principality and immediately began to strengthen the borders of his inheritance, erecting fortresses on them. So, for example, under him the fortress of Ksyantin arose, as modern Tver was previously called. By his order, the following cities were founded: Dubna, Yuryev-Polsky, Dmitrov, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Zvenigorod, Gorodets. The first chronicle mention of Moscow in 1147 is also associated with the name of Yuri Dolgoruky.
The life of this prince is unusual and interesting. The youngest son of Vladimir Monomakh could not claim more than an appanage principality. He received the Rostov principality as his inheritance, which became prosperous under Yuri. Many settlements arose here. The tireless son of Monomakh received his nickname “Dolgoruky” for his ambitions, for the fact that he constantly interfered in other people’s affairs and for constant desire to seize foreign lands.
Owning the Rostov-Suzdal land, Yuri always sought to expand the territory of his principality and often raided neighboring lands owned by his relatives. Most of all, he dreamed of capturing Kyiv. In 1125, Yuri moved the capital of the principality from Rostov to Suzdal, from where he made campaigns to the south, strengthening his squad with mercenary Polovtsian troops. He annexed the cities of Murom, Ryazan, and part of the lands along the banks of the Volga to the Rostov Principality.
The Suzdal prince occupied Kyiv three times, but he never managed to stay there for long. The struggle for the great reign with his nephew Izyaslav Mstislavich was long. Yuri entered Kyiv three times as Grand Duke, but only the third time did he remain so until the end of his days. The people of Kiev did not like Prince Yuri. This was explained by the fact that Yuri more than once resorted to the help of the Polovtsians and was almost always a troublemaker during periods of struggle for the throne. Yuri Dolgoruky was a “newcomer” for the people of Kiev, from the North. According to the chronicler, after the death of Yuri in 1157, the people of Kiev plundered his rich mansions and killed the Suzdal detachment that came with him.
Andrey Bogolyubsky. Having accepted the title of grand duke, Andrei Yuryevich transferred the throne to Vladimir on the Klyazma, and from then on Kyiv began to lose its primacy position. The stern and strict Andrei wanted to be autocratic, that is, to rule Russia without a council or squads. Andrei Bogolyubsky mercilessly pursued the disgruntled boyars, they plotted against Andrei's life and killed him.
Alexander "Nevsky". Grand Duke of Novgorod (1236-1251). Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky consistently pursued a policy aimed at strengthening the northwestern borders of Rus' and reconciliation with the Tatars.
While still the Prince of Novgorod (1236-1251), he showed himself to be an experienced commander and wise ruler. Thanks to the victories won in the “Battle of the Neva” (1240), in the “Battle of the Ice” (1242), as well as numerous forays against the Lithuanians, Alexander for a long time discouraged the Swedes, Germans and Lithuanians from taking possession of the northern Russian lands.
Alexander pursued the opposite policy towards the Mongol-Tatars. It was a policy of peace and cooperation, the purpose of which was to prevent a new invasion of Rus'. The prince often traveled to the Horde with rich gifts. He managed to achieve the release of Russian soldiers from the obligation to fight on the side of the Mongol-Tatars.
Yuri - III. Having married the sister of Khan Konchak, in Orthodoxy Agafya, Yuri acquired great strength and help from the Tatars who were related to him. But soon, thanks to the claims of Prince Dmitry, the son of Mikhail, who was tortured by Khan, he had to report to the horde. Here, at the first meeting with Dmitry, Yuri was killed by him, in revenge for the death of his father and for a violation of morality (marriage to a Tatar).
Dmitry - II. Dmitry Mikhailovich, nicknamed “formidable eyes”, for the murder of Yuri III, was executed by the khan for arbitrariness.
Alexander Tverskoy. Sibling Dmitry executed in the horde -II Alexander Mikhailovich was confirmed by the khan on the grand-ducal throne. He was distinguished by his kindness and was loved by the people, but he ruined himself by allowing the Tver people to kill the hated Khan's ambassador Shchelkan. The Khan sent 50,000 Tatar troops against Alexander. Alexander fled from the khan's wrath to Pskov, and from there to Lithuania. Ten years later, Alexander of Tver returned and was forgiven by the khan. Not getting along, however, with the Prince of Moscow Ivan Kalita, Alexander
he was slandered by him in front of the khan, the khan summoned him to the horde and executed him.
John I Kalita. John I Danilovich, a cautious and cunning prince, nicknamed Kalita (money purse) for his frugality, devastated the Tver principality with the help of the Tatars, taking advantage of the opportunity of violence of the indignant Tver residents against the Tatars. He took upon himself the collection of tribute from all over Rus' for the Tatars and, greatly enriched by this, bought cities from appanage princes. In 1326, the metropolitanate from Vladimir, thanks to the efforts of Kalita, was transferred to Moscow, and here, according to Metropolitan Peter, the Assumption Cathedral was founded. Since then, Moscow, as the seat of the Metropolitan of All Rus', has acquired the significance of a Russian center.
John -II Ioannovich, a meek and peace-loving prince, followed in everything the advice of Metropolitan Alexei, who enjoyed great value in the Horde. During this time, Moscow's relations with the Tatars improved significantly.
Vasily - I. Sharing the reign with his father, Vasily I ascended the throne as an experienced prince and, following the example of his predecessors, actively expanded the boundaries of the Moscow principality: He acquired Nizhny Novgorod and other cities. In 1395, Rus' was in danger of an invasion by Timur, the formidable Tatar khan. Between
Thus, Vasily did not pay tribute to the Tatars, but collected it into the grand ducal treasury. In 1408, the Tatar Murza Edigei attacked Moscow, but after receiving a ransom of 3,000 rubles, he lifted the siege from it. In the same year, after long disputes between Vasily I and the Lithuanian prince Vytautas, both cautious and cunning, the Ugra River was designated as the extreme border of Lithuanian possessions on the Russian side.
Vasily - II Dark. Yuri Dmitrievich Galitsky took advantage of Vasily II's youth, declaring his claims to seniority. But at the trial in the horde, the khan leaned in favor of Vasily, thanks to the efforts of the smart Moscow boyar Ivan Vsevolozhsky. The boyar hoped to marry his daughter to Vasily, but was disappointed in his hopes: Offended, he left Moscow to Yuri Dmitrievich and assisted him in taking over the grand-ducal throne, on which Yuri died in 1434, when Yuri’s son Vasily decided to inherit his father’s power, then all the princes rebelled against him.
Vasily -II took him prisoner and blinded him: Then Dmitry Shemyaka, brother of Vasily Kosoy, captured Vasily II by cunning, blinded him and took the Moscow throne. Soon, however, Shemyaka had to give the throne to Vasily II. During the reign of Vasily II, the Greek metropolitan Isidore accepted the Florentine Union (1439), for this Vasily II put Isidore in custody, and the Ryazan Bishop John was installed as metropolitan. Thus, from now on, Russian metropolitans are appointed by a council of Russian bishops. For recent years Grand Duchy, the internal structure of the Grand Duchy was the subject of the main concerns of Vasily II.
John - III. Accepted by his father as a co-ruler, John III Vasilyevich ascended the grand-ducal throne as the full owner of Rus'. He first severely punished the Novgorodians who had decided to become Lithuanian subjects, and in 1478, “for a new offense,” he finally subjugated them. Novgorodians lost their veche and
self-government, and the Novgorod mayor Maria and the veche bell were sent to John’s camp.
In 1485, after the final conquest of other appanages more or less dependent on the Moscow principality, John finally annexed the Tver principality to Moscow. By this time, the Tatars were divided into three independent hordes: Golden, Kazan and Crimean. They were at enmity with each other and were no longer afraid of the Russians. In official history it is believed that it was John III in 1480, having entered into an alliance with the Crimean Khan Mengli-Girey, tore apart the Khan's basma, ordered the Khan's ambassadors to be taken to execution, and then overthrew the Tatar yoke without bloodshed.
Vasily - III. The son of John III from his marriage to Sophia, Palaeologus Vasily III, was distinguished by his pride and inaccessibility, punishing the descendants of appanage princes and boyars under his control who dared to contradict him. He is “the last collector of the Russian land.”
Having annexed the last appanages (Pskov, the northern principality), he completely destroyed specific system. He fought twice with Lithuania, following the teachings of the Lithuanian nobleman Mikhail Glinsky, who entered his service, and finally, in 1514, he took Smolensk from the Lithuanians. The war with Kazan and Crimea was difficult for Vasily, but ended with the punishment of Kazan: Trade was diverted from there to the Makaryevsk fair, which was later moved to Nizhny. Vasily divorced his wife Solomonia and married Princess Elena Glinskaya, which further aroused the boyars who were dissatisfied with him against him. From this marriage Vasily had a son, John.
Elena Glinskaya. Appointed ruler of the state by Vasily III, the mother of three-year-old John Elena Glinskaya immediately took drastic measures against the boyars who were dissatisfied with her. She made peace with Lithuania and decided to fight with Crimean Tatars, boldly attacked Russian possessions, but in the midst of preparations for a desperate struggle she died suddenly.
John - IV the Terrible. Left at the age of 8 in the hands of the boyars, the intelligent and talented Ivan Vasilyevich grew up amid the struggle of parties over the rule of the state, among violence, secret murders and incessant exile. Having himself often suffered oppression from the boyars, he learned to hate them, and the cruelty, riotousness and violence that surrounded him
rudeness contributed to the hardening of his heart.
In 1552, Ivan conquered Kazan, which dominated the entire Volga region, and in 1556 the kingdom of Astrakhan was annexed to the Moscow state. The desire to establish himself on the shores of the Baltic Sea forced John to start the Livonian War, which brought him into conflict with Poland and Sweden. The war started quite successfully, but ended with the most unfavorable truce for John with Poland and Sweden: John not only did not establish himself on the shores of the Baltic, but also lost the coast of the Gulf of Finland. The sad era of “searches,” disgrace and executions began. John left Moscow, went with his entourage to the Alexandrovskaya Sloboda and here surrounded himself with guardsmen, whom John contrasted with the rest of the land, the zemshchina.
Historians call the first dynasty of Russian princes and tsars the Rurikovichs. They did not have a surname, but the dynasty received its name after its legendary founder, the Novgorod prince Rurik, who died in 879.
Glazunov Ilya Sergeevich. Gostomysl's grandchildren are Rurik, Truvor and Sineus.
The earliest (12th century) and most detailed ancient Russian chronicle, “The Tale of Bygone Years,” tells the following about Rurik’s calling:
"Rurik's Calling". Unknown author.
“Per year 6370 (862 according to modern chronology). They drove the Varangians overseas, and did not give them tribute, and began to control themselves, and there was no truth among them, and generation after generation rose up, and they had strife, and began to fight with each other. And they said to themselves: “Let’s look for a prince who would rule over us and judge us by right.” And they went overseas to the Varangians, to Rus'. Those Varangians were called Rus, just as others are called Swedes, and some Normans and Angles, and still others Gotlanders, so are these. The Chud, the Slovenians, the Krivichi and all said to the Russians: “Our land is great and abundant, but there is no order in it.
"Rurik's Calling".
Come reign and rule over us." And three brothers were chosen with their clans, and they took all of Rus' with them, and they came and the eldest, Rurik, sat in Novgorod, and the other, Sineus, in Beloozero, and the third, Truvor, in Izborsk. And from those Varangians the Russian land was nicknamed. Novgorodians are those people from the Varangian family, and before they were Slovenians. Two years later, Sineus and his brother Truvor died. And Rurik alone took over all power and began to distribute cities to his husbands - Polotsk to one, Rostov to another, Beloozero to another. The Varangians in these cities are the Nakhodniki, and the indigenous population in Novgorod is the Slovene, in Polotsk the Krivichi, in Rostov the Merya, in Beloozero the whole, in Murom the Murom, and Rurik ruled over them all.”
Rurik. Grand Duke of Novgorod in 862-879. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Old Russian chronicles began to be compiled 200 years after the death of Rurik and a century after the baptism of Rus' (the appearance of writing) on the basis of some oral traditions, Byzantine chronicles and a few existing documents. Therefore, in historiography there are different points view of the chronicle version of the calling of the Varangians. In the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries, the prevailing theory was about the Scandinavian or Finnish origin of Prince Rurik, and later the hypothesis about his West Slavic (Pomeranian) origin developed.
However, a more reliable historical figure, and therefore the ancestor of the dynasty, is the Grand Duke of Kiev Igor, whom the chronicle considers to be the son of Rurik.
Igor I (Igor the Ancient) 877-945. Grand Duke of Kyiv in 912-945.
The Rurik dynasty ruled the Russian Empire for over 700 years. The Rurikovichs ruled Kievan Rus, and then, when it collapsed in the 12th century, large and small Russian principalities. And after the unification of all Russian lands around Moscow, the Grand Dukes of Moscow from the Rurik family stood at the head of the state. The descendants of the former appanage princes lost their possessions and formed the highest stratum of the Russian aristocracy, but they retained the title “prince”.
Svyatoslav I Igorevich the Conqueror. 942-972 Grand Duke of Kyiv in 966-972.
Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Vladimir I Svyatoslavich (Vladimir Krasno Solnyshko) 960-1015. Grand Duke of Kyiv in 980-1015. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Yaroslav I Vladimirovich (Yaroslav the Wise) 978-1054. Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1019-1054. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Vsevolod I Yaroslavich. 1030-1093 Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1078-1093.
Vladimir II Vsevolodovich (Vladimir Monomakh) 1053-1025. Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1113-1125. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Mstislav I Vladimirovich (Mstislav the Great) 1076-1132. Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1125-1132. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Yaropolk II Vladimirovich. 1082-1139 Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1132-1139.
Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Vsevolod II Olgovich. ?-1146 Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1139-1146.
Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Igor II Olgovich. ?-1147 Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1146.
Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Yuri I Vladimirovich (Yuri Dolgoruky). 1090-1157 Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1149-1151 and 1155-1157. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Vsevolod III Yurievich (Vsevolod the Big Nest). 1154-1212 Grand Duke of Vladimir in 1176-1212. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich. 1191-1246 Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1236-1238. Grand Duke of Vladimir in 1238-1246. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Alexander I Yaroslavich (Alexander Nevsky). 1220-1263 Grand Duke of Kyiv in 1249-1252. Grand Duke of Vladimir in 1252-1263. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Daniil Alexandrovich. 1265-1303 Grand Duke of Moscow in 1276-1303.
Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Ivan I Danilovich (Ivan Kalita). ?-1340 Grand Duke of Moscow in 1325-1340. Grand Duke of Vladimir in 1338-1340. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Ivan II Ivanovich (Ivan the Red). 1326-1359 Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir in 1353-1359. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Dmitry III Ivanovich(Dmitry Donskoy). 1350-1389 Grand Duke of Moscow in 1359-1389. Grand Duke of Vladimir in 1362-1389. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Vasily I Dmitrievich. 1371-1425 Grand Duke of Moscow in 1389-1425. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Vasily II Vasilievich (Vasily the Dark). 1415-1462 Grand Duke of Moscow in 1425-1446 and 1447-1462. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Ivan III Vasilievich. 1440-1505 Grand Duke of Moscow in 1462-1505. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Vasily III Ivanovich. 1479-1533 Grand Duke of Moscow in 1505-1533. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
Ivan IV Vasilievich (Ivan the Terrible) 1530-1584. Grand Duke of Moscow in 1533-1584. Russian Tsar in 1547-1584. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
In 1547, the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan IV was crowned king in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin and took the title “Tsar of All Rus'”. The last representative of the Rurik dynasty on the Russian throne was Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, who died childless in 1598.
Fedor I Ivanovich. 1557-1598 Russian Tsar in 1584-1598. Portrait from the Tsar's title book. 1672
But this does not mean that this is the end of the Rurik family. Only its youngest branch, the Moscow branch, was suppressed. But the male offspring of other Rurikovichs (former appanage princes) by that time had already acquired surnames: Baryatinsky, Volkonsky, Gorchakov, Dolgorukov, Obolensky, Odoevsky, Repnin, Shuisky, Shcherbatov, etc.
Story Ancient Rus' very interesting for posterity. It has reached the modern generation in the form of myths, legends and chronicles. The genealogy of the Rurikovichs with the dates of their reign, its diagram exists in many historical books. The earlier the description, the more reliable the story. The dynasties that ruled, starting with Prince Rurik, contributed to the formation of statehood, the unification of all principalities into a single strong state.
The genealogy of the Rurikovichs presented to readers is a clear confirmation of this. How many legendary personalities who created future Russia, are represented in this tree! How did the dynasty begin? Who was Rurik by origin?
Inviting grandchildren
There are many legends about the appearance of the Varangian Rurik in Rus'. Some historians consider him a Scandinavian, others - a Slav. But the Tale of Bygone Years, left by the chronicler Nestor, tells the best story about this event. From his narration it follows that Rurik, Sineus and Truvor are the grandchildren of the Novgorod prince Gostomysl.
The prince lost all his four sons in battle, leaving only three daughters. One of them was married to a Varangian-Russian and gave birth to three sons. It was them, his grandchildren, that Gostomysl invited to reign in Novgorod. Rurik became the Prince of Novgorod, Sineus went to Beloozero, and Truvor went to Izborsk. Three brothers became the first tribe and the Rurik family tree began with them. It was 862 AD. The dynasty was in power until 1598 and ruled the country for 736 years.
Second knee
Novgorod Prince Rurik ruled until 879. He died, leaving in the arms of Oleg, a relative on his wife’s side, his son Igor, a representative of the second generation. While Igor was growing up, Oleg reigned in Novgorod, who during his reign conquered and called Kyiv “the mother of Russian cities” and established diplomatic relations with Byzantium.
After Oleg's death, in 912, Igor, the legal heir of the Rurik family, began to reign. He died in 945, leaving sons: Svyatoslav and Gleb. There are many historical documents and books that describe the genealogy of the Rurikovichs with the dates of their reign. Their scheme family tree looks like the photo on the left.
From this diagram it is clear that the genus is gradually branching out and growing. Especially from his son, Yaroslav the Wise, offspring appeared that had great value in the formation of Rus'.
and heirs
In the year of his death, Svyatoslav was only three years old. Therefore, his mother, Princess Olga, began to rule the principality. When he grew up, he was more attracted to military campaigns rather than reigning. During a campaign in the Balkans in 972, he was killed. His heirs were three sons: Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir. Immediately after the death of his father, Yaropolk became the prince of Kyiv. His desire was autocracy, and he began to openly fight against his brother Oleg. The genealogy of the Rurikovichs with the dates of their reign suggests that Vladimir Svyatoslavovich nevertheless became the head of the Kyiv principality.
When Oleg died, Vladimir first fled to Europe, but after 2 years he returned with his squad and killed Yaropolk, thus becoming the Grand Duke of Kyiv. During his campaigns in Byzantium, Prince Vladimir became a Christian. In 988, he baptized the inhabitants of Kyiv in the Dnieper, built churches and cathedrals, and contributed to the spread of Christianity in Rus'.
The people gave him a name and his reign lasted until 1015. The Church considers him a saint for the baptism of Rus'. Great Kyiv prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich had sons: Svyatopolk, Izyaslav, Sudislav, Vysheslav, Pozvizd, Vsevolod, Stanislav, Yaroslav, Mstislav, Svyatoslav and Gleb.
Descendants of Rurik
There is a detailed genealogy of the Rurikovichs with the dates of their lives and periods of reign. Following Vladimir, Svyatopolk, who would be popularly called the Damned, took over the principality for the murder of his brothers. His reign did not last long - in 1015, with a break, and from 1017 to 1019.
The Wise One ruled from 1015 to 1017 and from 1019 to 1024. Then there were 12 years of rule together with Mstislav Vladimirovich: from 1024 to 1036, and then from 1036 to 1054.
From 1054 to 1068 - this is the period of the principality of Izyaslav Yaroslavovich. Further, the genealogy of the Rurikovichs, the scheme of rule of their descendants, expands. Some of the representatives of the dynasty were in power for very short periods and did not manage to accomplish outstanding deeds. But many (such as Yaroslav the Wise or Vladimir Monomakh) left their mark on the life of Rus'.
Genealogy of the Rurikovichs: continuation
The Grand Duke of Kiev Vsevolod Yaroslavovich took over the principality in 1078 and continued it until 1093. In the pedigree of the dynasty there are many princes who are remembered for their exploits in battle: such was Alexander Nevsky. But his reign was later, during the period of the Mongol-Tatar invasion of Rus'. And before him, the Principality of Kyiv was ruled by: Vladimir Monomakh - from 1113 to 1125, Mstislav - from 1125 to 1132, Yaropolk - from 1132 to 1139. Yuri Dolgoruky, who became the founder of Moscow, reigned from 1125 to 1157.
The genealogy of the Rurikovichs is voluminous and deserves very careful study. It is impossible to ignore such famous names as John “Kalita”, Dmitry “Donskoy”, who reigned from 1362 to 1389. Contemporaries always associate the name of this prince with his victory on the Kulikovo Field. After all, this was a turning point that marked the beginning of the “end” of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. But Dmitry Donskoy was remembered not only for this: his internal policy was aimed at unifying the principalities. It was during his reign that Moscow became the central place of Rus'.
Fyodor Ioannovich - the last of the dynasty
The genealogy of the Rurikovichs, a diagram with dates, suggests that the dynasty ended with the reign of the Tsar of Moscow and All Rus' - Fyodor Ioannovich. He reigned from 1584 to 1589. But his power was nominal: by nature he was not a sovereign, and the country was ruled by State Duma. But still, during this period, the peasants were attached to the land, which is considered a merit of the reign of Fyodor Ioannovich.
The Rurikovich family tree was cut short, the diagram of which is shown above in the article. The formation of Rus' took more than 700 years, the terrible yoke was overcome, the unification of the principalities and the entire East Slavic people took place. Further on the threshold of history stands a new royal dynasty - the Romanovs.
Rurikovich.
862 –1598
Kyiv princes.
Rurik
862 – 879
IX century – formation of the Old Russian state.
Oleg
879 – 912
882 - unification of Novgorod and Kyiv.
907, 911 – campaigns against Constantinople (Constantinople); signing a treaty between Rus' and the Greeks.
Igor
912 – 945
941, 944 - Igor's campaigns against Byzantium. /the first one is unsuccessful/
945 - Treaty between Rus' and the Greeks. /not as profitable as Oleg/
Olga
945 –957 (964)
/regetsha of the young prince Svyatoslav/
945 - an uprising in the land of the Drevlyans. Introduction of lessons and graveyards.
Svyatoslav
I957 –972.
964 – 966 - defeat of the Kama Bulgarians, Khazars, Yasses, Kosogs. The annexation of Tmutarakan and Kerch, a trade route to the East was opened.
967 – 971 - war with Byzantium.
969 - appointment of his sons as governors: Yaropolk in Kyiv, Oleg in Iskorosten, Vladimir in Novgorod.
Yaropolk
972 – 980
977 - the death of Prince Oleg in the struggle with his brother Yaropolk for leadership in Rus', the flight of Prince Vladimir to the Varangians.
978 - victory of Yaropolk over the Pechenegs.
980g. - Defeat of Yaropolk in the battle with Prince Vladimir. Murder of Yaropolk.
VladimirISaint
980 – 1015
980g. – pagan reform /unified pantheon of gods/.
988 –989 - adoption of Christianity in Rus'.
992, 995 - battles with the Pechenegs.
Svyatopolk the Accursed
1015 - 1019
1015 - the beginning of strife between the sons of Vladimir. The murder of the young princes Boris and Gleb on the orders of Svyatopolk.
1016 - the battle of the princes of the skiatopolk and Yaroslav near Lyubich. Flight of Svyatopolk to Poland.
1018 – return of Svyatopolk to Kyiv. Flight of Yaroslav to Novgorod.
1018 – 1019 -war between Yaroslav and Svyatopolk.
Yaroslav the Wise
1019 –1054
Beginning XI century - compilation of the “Russian Truth” (Yaroslav’s Truth), which consisted of 17 articles (according to academician B.A. Rybakov, this was an instruction on fines for scandals and fights).
1024 - the battle between Yaroslav and his brother Mstislav Listven for control over all territories of Rus'.
1025g. - division of the Russian state along the Dnieper. Mstislav is the eastern, and Yaroslav is the western part of the state.
1035 - death of Mstislav Vladimirovich. Transfer of his inheritance to Yaroslav.
1036 – formation of the Kyiv Metropolis
1037 – the beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Kyiv.
1043 - Vladimir Yaroslavich’s unsuccessful campaign against Byzantium.
1045 - the beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Novgorod.
IzyaslavIYaroslavich
1054 – 1073, 1076 – 1078
1068 - defeat of the Yaroslavichs on the river. Alte from the Polovtsians.
1068 – 1072 – popular uprisings in Kyiv, Novgorod, Rostov-Suzdal and Chernigov lands. Supplementation of “Russian Pravda” with “Pravda Yaroslavichs”.
Svyatoslav
II 1073 –1076gg.
Vsevolod
1078 – 1093
1079 - speech of the Tmutarakan prince Roman Svyatoslavich against Vsevolod Yaroslavich.
SvyatopolkIIIzyaslavich
1093 – 1113
1093 - the devastation of Southern Rus' by the Polovtsians.
1097 - Congress of Russian princes in Lyubich.
1103 - defeat of the Polovtsy by Svyatopolk and Vladimir Monomakh.
1113 – the death of Svyatopolk II, the uprising of townspeople, smerds and purchases in Kyiv.
Vladimir Monomakh
1113 – 1125
1113 – addition of “Russkaya Pravda” to the “Charter” of Prince Vladimir Monomakh on “purchases” /debtors/ and “cuts” /interest/.
1113 –1117 - writing “The Tale of Bygone Years.”
1116 - the campaign of Vladimir Monomakh with the sons of the Polovtsians.
Mstislav the Great
1125 – 1132
1127 – 1130 - Mstislav’s struggle with the Polotsk appanage princes. Their exile to Byzantium.
1131 – 1132 – successful campaigns in Lithuania.
Strife in Rus'.
Moscow princes.
Daniil Alexandrovich 1276 – 1303
Yuri Danilovich 1303 –1325
Ivan Kalita 1325 – 1340
Semyon the Proud 1340 – 1355553
IvanIIRed 1353–1359
Dmitry Donskoy1359 –1389
VasilyI1389 – 1425
VasilyIIDark 1425 – 1462
IvanIII1462 – 1505
VasilyIII1505 – 1533
IvanIVGrozny 1533 – 1584
Fyodor Ivanovich 1584 – 1598
The end of the Rurik dynasty.
Troubled times.
1598 – 1613
Boris Godunov 1598 – 1605
False DmitryI1605 – 1606
Vasily Shuisky 1606 – 1610
"Seven Boyars" 1610 - 1613.
Romanov dynasty.
1613 –1917
All Rurikovichs were descendants of previously independent princes, descended from two sons of Yaroslav the Wise: the third son Svyatoslav (Svyatoslavichs with branches) and the fourth son - Vsevolod (Vsevolodovichs, who are better known through the line of his eldest son as Monomakhovichs). This explains the tough and lengthy political struggle in the 30-40s of the 12th century. it was between the Svyatoslavichs and Monomashichs for the grand-ducal table after the death of Mstislav the Great. The eldest of the sons of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, Yaroslav, became the ancestor of the Ryazan princes. Of these, as part of the Russian boyars of the 16th-17th centuries. only the descendants of the appanage princes of the Ryazan land remained - the Pronsky princes. Some editions of genealogical books consider the Eletsky princes of Ryazan to be descendants, others trace them from another son of Svyatoslav, Oleg, who reigned in the Chernigov lands. The families of the Chernigov princes trace their origins to the three sons of Mikhail Vsevolodovich (great-great-grandson of Oleg Svyatoslavich) - Semyon, Yuri, Mstislav. Prince Semyon Mikhailovich of Glukhov became the ancestor of the princes Vorotynsky and Odoevsky. Tarussky Prince Yuri Mikhailovich - Mezetsky, Baryatinsky, Obolensky. Karachaevsky Mstislav Mikhailovich-Mosalsky, Zvenigorodsky. Of the Obolensky princes, many princely families later emerged, among which the most famous are the Shcherbatovs, Repnins, Serebryanys, and Dolgorukovs.
More births came from Vsevolod Yaroslavovich and his son, Vladimir Monomakh. Descendants of Monomakh's eldest son - Mstislav the Great, the last great prince Kievan Rus, there were numerous Smolensk princes, the most famous of which are the Vyazemsky and Kropotkin families. Another branch of the Monomashichs came from Yuri Dolgoruky and his son, Vsevolod the Big Nest. His eldest son, Konstantin Vsevolodovich, bequeathed to his sons: Vasilka - Rostov and Beloozero, Vsevolod - Yaroslavl. From Vasilko Konstantinovich’s eldest son, Boris, descend the Rostov princes (the most famous of them are the Shchepin, Katyrev, and Buinosov families). From the second son of Vasilko Konstantinovich, Gleb, came the families of the Belozersk princes, among whom were the princes of Ukhtomsky, Shelespansky, Vadbolsky, and Beloselsky. The only heir of the Yaroslavl prince Vsevolod Konstantinovich, Vasily, had no sons. His daughter Maria married Prince Fyodor Rostislavich from the family of Smolensk princes and brought the Yaroslavl principality as a dowry, in which a change of dynasties (different branches of the Monomashichs) thus took place.
Another son of Vsevolod the Big Nest, Yaroslav, became the founder of several princely dynasties. From his eldest son Alexander Nevsky, through his son Daniil Alexandrovich, came the dynasty of Moscow princes, who then became the central link in the unification process. The brothers of Alexander Nevsky, Andrei Suzdalsky and Yaroslav Tverskoy, became the founders of these princely families. Of the Sudal princes, the most famous are the Shuisky princes, who gave Russia at the beginning of the 17th century. king Tver princes throughout the 14th century. waged a fierce struggle with representatives of the Moscow house for the grand-ducal table, with the help of the Horde physically exterminating their opponents. As a result, the Moscow princes became ruling dynasty and had no family formations. The Tver branch was cut short after the flight of its last Grand Duke, Mikhail Borisovich, to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1485) and the inclusion of these lands into the national territory. The Russian boyars included the descendants of the appanage princes of the Tver land - the Mikulinsky, Telyatevsky, Kholmsky princes. The youngest son of Vsevolod the Big Nest, Ivan, received Starodub Ryapolovsky (east of the capital Vladimir) as an inheritance. Of the descendants of this branch, the most famous are the Pozharsky, Romodanovsky and Paletsky families.
Gediminovichi. Another group of princely families were the Gediminovichs - the descendants of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gedimin, who ruled in 1316-1341. Gedimin pursued an active policy of conquest and was the first to title himself “King of the Lithuanians and Russians.” Territorial expansion continued under his sons, Olgerd was especially active (Algirdas, 1345-77). In the XIII-XIV centuries. the lands of the future Belarus and Ukraine were conquered by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, and here the sovereignty of the hereditary lines of the Rurikovichs was lost. Under Olgerd as part of the Great Principality of Lithuania included Chernigov-Seversk, Kyiv, Podolsk, Volyn, Smolensk lands. The Gediminovich family was quite branched, its descendants were on thrones in different principalities, and one of the grandsons, Jagiello Olgerdovich, after the signing of the Union of Krevo in 1385, became the founder of the Polish royal Jagiellon dynasty. The descendants of Gediminas, who settled in reigns in lands that were previously part of Kievan Rus, or who switched to Moscow service in the process of forming the state territory of Russia, are called Russian Gediminovichs. Most of them come from two sons of Gediminas - Narimant and Olgerd. One of their branches descended from the eldest grandson of Gediminas, Patrikey Narimantovich. Under Vasily I at the beginning of the 15th century. Patrikey’s two sons, Fyodor and Yuri, transferred to Moscow service. The son of Fyodor is Vasily on the estates on the river. Khovanke received the nickname Khovansky and became the founder of this princely family. Prominent political figures Vasily and Ivan Yuryevich were called Patrikeevs. The sons of Vasily Yuryevich were Ivan Bulgak and Daniil Shchenya - the ancestors of the princes Bulgakov and Shchenyatev. The Bulgakovs, in turn, were divided into Golitsyns and Kurakins - from the sons of Ivan Bulgak, Mikhail Golitsa and Andrei Kuraki. Another branch of the Gediminovichs in Rus' traced their origins to the son of Gedimin Evnutius. His distant descendant Fyodor Mikhailovich Mstislavsky left for Rus' in 1526. The Trubetskoys and Belskys traced their origins to the famous Grand Duke of Lithuania Olgerd. The great-grandson of Dmitry Olgerdovich Trubetskoy (in the city of Trubchevsk) Ivan Yuryevich and his nephews Andrei, Ivan and Fyodor Ivanovich in 1500 transferred to Russian citizenship along with their small principality. The grandson of Dmitry Olgerdovich’s brother, Vladimir Belsky, Fyodor Ivanovich went to Russian service in 1482. All Gediminovichs occupied high official and political positions in Rus' and played a noticeable role in the history of the country.
The origin of the princely families of Rurikovich and Gediminovich is more clearly depicted in the diagrams. (Table 1, 2, 3)
Table 1. Scheme of the origin of the main princely families of the Rurikovichs
Table 2. Rurikovich
Table 3. Scheme of the origin of the main princely families of the Russian Gediminovichs
The saying “all men are brothers” has a genealogical basis. The point is not only that we are all distant descendants of the biblical Adam. In the light of the topic under consideration, another ancestor stands out, whose descendants made up a significant layer in social structure feudal Russia. This is Rurik, the conditional ancestor of the “natural” Russian princes. Although he was never in Kyiv, much less in Vladimir and Moscow, everyone who occupied the grand-ducal tables until the end of the 16th century considered themselves his descendants, justifying their political and land rights with this. With the increase in offspring, new princely branches appeared from real ancestors, and to distinguish them from each other (including from the standpoint of family possessions and priority rights to it), first family nicknames and then surnames appeared.
Two main stages can be distinguished. The first is the formation of princely branches, assigning names to them ending in -ich, -ovich (X-XIII centuries, ancient and appanage Rus'). It is not known what they called themselves, but in the chronicles they are named Monomashichi (Monomakhovichi), Olgovichi (Olegovichi), etc. In the first patronymic (from the name-nickname of the ancestor) names of the princely branches, belonging to the princely family was emphasized, and the seniority of the branch was determined by the name of the ancestor, which, first of all, with the ladder (sequential) right of inheritance determined the sovereign rights. A significant reason for the absence of toponymic surnames among the appanage princes of the pre-Moscow period was that they passed by seniority from appanage to appanage. Surnames derived from the name of the locality appear after the liquidation of the next right of inheritance. In this case, the bearers of toponymic surnames were, as a rule, from among the service princes, and less often from the Old Moscow boyars. In this case, the suffix –sky, -skoy was used: Volynsky, Shuisky, Shakhovskoy, etc. At the same time, surnames often did not reflect former sovereign rights, but simply the area from which their bearers moved to the Moscow service, especially among the “expatriates” - Cherkasy, Meshchersky, Sibirsky, etc.
The second stage falls on the period of formation of the Russian centralized state. There is a proliferation of princely branches and the formation of new families, each of which is assigned its own nickname, at the turn of the 15th-16th centuries. turning into a surname. The specific hierarchy is replaced by localism - a system of official correspondence of clans in relation to each other and the monarch. Surnames appear at this stage, as if out of official (hierarchical) necessity, and are assigned to the offspring, outwardly emphasizing membership in a clan that occupied a certain social niche. V.B. Korbin believes that in Russia the formation of princely surnames is directly related to the emergence of the category of “service” princes (XV century). Already in the Moscow service, these princely families gave rise to branches, each of which was assigned not only land holdings, but also surnames, as a rule, patronymic. Thus, from the Starodub princes, the Khilkovs and Tatevs stood out; from Yaroslavl - Troyekurov, Ushaty; from Obolensky - Nogotkovy, Striginy, Kashiny (for more details, see Table 1).
In the 16th century, the process of forming surnames among the boyars was actively underway. A well-known example is the evolution of the family name, which gave a new name at the beginning of the 17th century. royal dynasty. The five sons of Andrei Kobyla became the founders of 17 famous families in Russia, each of which had its own surname. The Romanovs began to be called that way only from the middle of the 16th century. Their ancestors are the Kobylins, Koshkins, Zakharyins, and Yuryevs. But even during this period, the central government gave preference to surnames derived from personal nicknames. Sometimes territorial names were preserved as a kind of prefix. This is how double surnames appeared, with the first indicating the ancestor and being patronymic, the second reflecting the general clan affiliation, and, as a rule, toponymic: Zolotye-Obolensky, Shchepin-Obolensky, Tokmakov-Zvenigorodsky, Ryumin-Zvenigorodsky, Sosunov-Zasekin, etc. d. Double surnames reflected not only the incompleteness of the process of their formation, but also the peculiar policy of the great Moscow princes, aimed at interrupting clan territorial ties. It also mattered when and how the lands recognized the supremacy of Moscow. The Rostov, Obolensky, Zvenigorod and a number of other clans retained territorial names in their descendants, but Starodubsky was not allowed to be called by this family name even in the middle of the 17th century, as evidenced by the petition addressed to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich from Grigory Romodanovsky, who represented the interests of the senior branch of this, once powerful, but disgraced kind. By the way, possible reason The ban on the part of the Romanovs could be because the toponymic surnames indirectly reminded of the family seniority of the Rurikovichs. Officially, nobles were allowed to be called, in addition to their surname, by the name of their land holdings. Charter granted to the nobility (1785). However, by that time the surnames had already been established, the nature of land relations had fundamentally changed, and this tradition, popular in Europe, did not take hold in Russia. Of those that existed in late XIX centuries of the families of Russian “natural” princes Karnovich E.P. There are 14, whose surnames were formed from the names of estates: Mosalsky, Eletsky, Zvenigorod, Rostov, Vyazemsky, Baryatinsky, Obolensky, Shekhonsky, Prozorovsky, Vadbolsky, Shelespansky, Ukhtomsky, Beloselsky, Volkonsky.
Below are the main princely families of the Rurikovichs and the Russian branch of the Gediminovichs with the branches formed from them with surnames assigned to them (Tables 4, 5).
Table 4. Rurikovich. Monomashichi
|
Genealogical branch. |
Principalities, appanage principalities |
Surnames of princely families |
Founder of the clan |
|
Yurievichi. From Vsevolod the Big Nest, book. Pereyaslavsky, Vel. book Vlad. 1176-1212 |
Suzdal, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. Allotments: Pozharsky, Starodubsky, Ryapolovsky, Paletsky, Yuryevsky |
Pozharsky |
Vasily, Prince Pozharsky, mind. 1380 Ivan Nogavitsa, book. Ryapolovsky, about XIV – early XV centuries. |
|
Suzdal branch. From Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, Prince. Pereyaslavl-Zalessky 1212-36, Grand Prince. Vlad. 1238-1246 |
Suzdal, Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod. Allotments: Gorodetsky, Kostromsky, Dmitrovsky, Volotsky, Shuisky. In 1392 Nizhny Novgorod annexed to Moscow, to the middle. XV century all the lands of the former Suzdal principality became part of the Moscow principality. |
Shuisky, Blidi-Shuysike, Skopin-Shuisky |
Yuri, Prince Shuisky, 1403-? Dmitry Nogot, d. 1375 |
|
Rostov branch. Yurievichi. The founder of the dynasty is Vasily Konstantinovich, Prince. Rostovsky 1217-1238 |
Principality of Rostov (after 1238). Allotments: Belozersky, Uglichsky, Galichsky, Shelespansky, Puzhbolsky, Kemsko-Sugorsky, Kargolomsky, Ukhtomsky, Beloselsky, Andomsky |
Shelespanskie |
Afanasy, Prince. Shelespansky, Tue. floor. XIV century Novel, book. Beloselsky, early 15th century |
|
Zaslavskaya branch |
Principality of Zaslavsky |
Zaslavsky. |
Yuri Vasilievich, 1500 Branch existing until the middle of the 17th century. |
|
Ostrog branch Yaroslavl branch. First Yaroslav. book Vsevolod Constant. (1218-38) from Yuryevich. Then his children Vasily (1239-49) and Konstantin (1249-57) reigned, after them the Yuryevich branch was cut short. New Yaroslav. The dynasty was established in Tue. floor. XIII century, comes from the Smolensk Rostislavichs from Fyodor Rostislavovich, Prince of Smolensk. Mind. in 1299 Smolensk branch. Rostislavich Smolensk. Rodonach. Rostislav Mstislavovich, Prince. Smolensk 1125-59, 1161, ve. book Kyiv. 1154, 1159-67. |
Principality of Ostrog Yaroslavl Principality. Units: M Olozhsky, Kastoitsky, Romanovsky, Sheksnensky, Shumorovsky, Novlensky, Shakhovsky, Shekhonsky, Smolensk Prince Allotments: Vyazemsky th, |
Ostrogsky Novlensky, Yukhotsky Zaozersky, Kubensky Shakhovskys Shchetinin, Dark Blue, Sandyrev, Zasekin (senior branch) Zasekin (junior branch, Sosunov Zasekin, Solntsev-Zasekin, Zhirov-Zasekin. Deevas Molozhskaya Prozorovsky Shumorovsky, Shamin, Golygin Kurbskie Alabishevs, Alenkins Troekurovs Vyazemsky, Zhilinsky, Vsevolozhsky, Zabolotsky, Shukalovsky, Gubastov, Kislyaevsky, Rozhdestvensky. |
Vasily Romanovich, prince of Slonim, 1281-82, Ostrog, beginning. XIII century Ivan Zaseka Fedor Mortka Vasily, Ugric prince, first half of the 15th century Semyon, sir. XV century, book. Kurbsky Mikhail Zyalo |
|
Tver branch. Founder Mikhail Yaroslavovich (junior), Prince. Tverskoy 1282(85)-1319. Vsevolod's Big Nest. (Yuryevichi.Vsevolodovichi) |
Tverskoe kn. Allotments: Kashinsky, Dorogobuzhsky, Mikulinsky, Kholmsky, Chernyatensky, Staritsky, Zubtsovsky, Telyatevsky. |
Dorogobuzhskie. Mikulinsky Kholmskys, Chernyatensky, Vatutins, Punkovs, Telyatevsky. |
Andrey, Prince Dorogobuzhsky, 15th century |
|
RURIKOVYCHY |
OLGOVICHY. |
||
|
Mikhailovichi. |
Allotments: |
Osovitsky, |
|
|
Karachay branch. It stood out in the 13th century. from the family of Svyatoslavichs of Chernigov. Descendants of Oleg Svyatoslavovich, prince of Chernigov. 1097, Seversky 1097-1115 Tmutarakansky 1083-1115, Volynsky 1074-77 . |
Allotments: Mosalsky, Zvenigorodsky, Bolkhovsky, Eletsky |
Mosalsky (Braslav and Volkovysk branches) Satins, Shokurovs Bolkhovsky Zvenigorodsky, Yeletsky. Nozdrovatye, Nozdrovatie-Zvenigorodskie, Tokmakov-Zvenigorodskie, Zventsov-Zvenigorodskie Shistov-Zvenigorodskie, Ryumin-Zvenigorodskie Pusins. |
Semyon Klubok, trans. floor. XV century Dmitry Glushakov. |
|
Tarusa branch. Split out from Olgovichi ( Svyatoslavich of Chernigov) on Tue. half of the 13th century |
Allotments: Obolensky, Tarussky, Volkonsky, Peninsky, Trostenetsky, Myshetsky, Spasky, Kaninsky |
Pieninyskie, Trostenetsky, Gorensky, Obolensky, Glazaty-Obolensky, Tyufyakin. |
Ivan the Lesser Thick Head, Prince Volkons., XV century. Dmitry Shchepa, From Vasily Telepnya |
|
RURIKOVYCHY |
IZYASLAVOVICHY |
(Turovsky) |
|
|
Izyaslavovichi Turovsky. Founder Izyaslav Yaroslavovich, Prince. Turovsky 1042-52, Novgorod, 1052-54, Vel.kn. Kiev 1054–78 |
Turovsky kn. Allotments: Chetvertinsky, Sokolsky. |
Chetvertinsky, Sokolsky. Chetvertinsky-Sokolsky. |
|
|
RURIKOVYCHY |
SVYATOSLAVICHI |
(Chernigov) |
|
|
Pron branch. Founder Alexander Mikhailovich d. 1339. |
Pronsky kn. |
Pronsky-Shemyakins Pronskie-Turuntai |
Ivan Shemyaka, Moscow. boyar since 1549 |
|
RURIKOVYCHY |
IZYASLAVOVICHY |
(Polotsk) |
|
|
Drutsk branch |
Drutskoe village. Appanage reign |
Drutsky-Sokolinsky. |
Table 5. Gediminovichi
|
Genealogical branch. |
Principalities, appanage principalities |
Surnames of princely families |
Founder of the clan |
|
Gediminovichi Forefather Gediminas, led. book Lithuanian 1316-41 Narimantovichi. Evnutovichi Keistutovichi. Lyubartovichi. |
Grand Prince of Lithuania. Allotments: Polotsk, Kernovskoe, Ladoga, Pinskoe, Lutsk, Izheslavskoe, Vitebsk, Novogrudok, Lyubarskoe |
Monvidovichi. Narimantovichi, Patrikeevs, Shchenyatevy, Bulgakovs Kurakins. Golitsyns Khovansky Izheslavskie, Mstislavsky |
Monvid, book. Kernovsky, mind. 1339 Patrikey Narimantovich Keistut, mind. 1382 Lubart, prince of Lutsk, 1323-34, 1340-84; |
|
Olgerdovichi Founder Olgerd, Prince. Vitebsk, 1327-51, led. book Lit. 1345-77. |
Allotments: |
Andreevichi. Dmitrievich.. Trubetskoy. Vladimirovichi. Fedorovichi. Lukomsky. Jagiellonians. Koributovichi. Semenovichi. |
Andrey (Wingolt), Prince. Polotsk 1342-76, 1386-99. Pskovsky 1343-49, 1375-85. Constantine, died 1386 |
|
Other Gediminovichs |
Sagushki, Kurtsevichi, Kurtsevichi-Buremilskie, Kurtsevichi-Bulygi. Kroshinsky. Voronetskys. Voynich Nesvizskie. Wars. |
Dmitry Bobrok (Bobrok-Volynsky), prince. Bobrotsky, serving Moscow prince. |
Milevich S.V. - Methodical manual to study a genealogy course. Odessa, 2000.
