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Which clinic has a nephrologist? Consultative and diagnostic nephrology department

Nephrologist is a specialist involved in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of kidney diseases.

The presence of kidney pathology can be assumed when symptoms appear such as pain in the lumbar region, a decrease in the amount of urine excreted, painful, frequent or, conversely, rare urination or absence of urine for a long time, changes in the color of urine, its transparency, the appearance of blood in the urine ( in some cases, these manifestations are noted visually, in some - when taking tests, which is additionally confirmed directly by the specialist studying their results), unmotivated increase in body temperature, increased blood pressure.

In some cases and at some stages, kidney disease can be asymptomatic, in which case timely diagnosis of kidney disease is somewhat complicated.

Kidney diseases are divided into acute and chronic.

What diseases does a nephrologist treat?

There are a number of diseases that are treated by a nephrologist, these are: urolithiasis; spicy and chronic glomerulonephritis, sharp and chronic pyelonephritis, toxic lesions kidney (including drugs), renal amyloidosis, diabetic nephropathy, nephropathy of pregnancy, pyelitis, ascending urinary infections, kidney damage in systemic diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty nephritis, systemic vasculitis and vasculopathy), kidney diseases in cancer patients (paraneoplastic nephritis).

The insidiousness of some kidney diseases is that they often long time are asymptomatic, leading to acute or chronic renal failure, therefore, if any of the above symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a specialist doctor.

At the appointment, the nephrologist will definitely clarify the complaints, study the history of the development of the disease, and prescribe the necessary examination. According to indications, the examination plan may include laboratory tests urine and blood, ultrasound and x-ray examinations.

Who should see a nephrologist?

It is also recommended to consult a nephrologist:

Consultation with a nephrologist will help identify nephropathy at an early stage and treat preventive treatment. Timely diagnosis and treatment will help protect against an unfavorable outcome of the disease.

If you have the symptoms or diseases listed in the article, you can make an appointment with a nephrologist at our hospital Alexandra Anatolyevna Kulikovskaya .

Alexandra Anatolyevna Kulikovskaya after graduating from the Russian National Research medical university them. N.I. Pirogova worked as a general practitioner in 2011. Then Anna Anatolyevna completed advanced training courses at the Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after. M.F. Vladimirsky, at the Department of Transplantology. In 2015, she received a certificate as a nephrologist and began working in this specialty at city clinic No. 67 in Moscow. Since 2017, Anna Anatolyevna Kulikovskaya has been working at City Clinical Hospital No. 13. Anna Kulikovskaya is a member of the Dialysis Society Association (RDS), a member of the Russian Nephrological Society (RNO).

Nephrologist is a specialist who deals with all pathologies of the kidneys and those organs that are associated with them, i.e. diseases of the urinary system.

Nephrology is a branch of medicine, dedicated to diseases kidney Nephrology does not usually treat those diseases that may require surgical intervention(for example, tumors, large stones, abnormalities of structure and position, renal tuberculosis, etc.). They are treated by urologists.

The name of this branch of medicine comes from the Greek word nefros, which means “kidney.” A nephrologist diagnoses all available methods, makes a diagnosis and prescribes treatment.

What does a nephrologist do?

Primarily, he diagnoses and treats kidney diseases various stages development of one or another disease. Of course, it is better to consult a doctor as soon as possible for qualified help for early stages development of the disease, rather than fighting for life on the operating table due to irreversible processes.

Often among the patients of a nephrologist there are patients with hydronephrosis, glomerulonephritis, and also those with a kidney cyst. In any case, it is very important for the doctor to correctly diagnose and then prescribe the maximum effective treatment depending on the patient’s condition and the results of the tests performed. Thus, in case of kidney diseases, an accurate diagnosis is key, since not only the final outcome of treatment, but also a person’s life may depend on this stage.

At the appointment, the doctor will examine the patient, listen to his complaints, take an anamnesis, including the question of hereditary predispositions. The next stage will be examination and testing, the results of which the nephrologist must carefully read in order to diagnose the disease. After this, the patient will be prescribed treatment at home or on an outpatient basis, it all depends on the severity of the kidney disease. In addition, the doctor is obliged to prescribe to patients proper diet, which is especially important in cases of impaired renal function or the presence of kidney stones.

When to see a nephrologist

Some kidney diseases may occur without significant symptoms. Manifesting in acute or minor forms, such diseases can lead to the development of complications. Therefore, the following manifestations of incipient pathology are reasons for immediate contact with a nephrologist:

  • anuria – no urination;
  • oliguria – reduction in urination;
  • polyuria – increased volume of urine excreted;
  • pain in the lumbar region;
  • hematuria – the appearance of blood in the urine;
  • proteinuria – the appearance of protein in the urine;
  • swelling;
  • an admixture of mucus and blood is detected in the urine;
  • urination has decreased to 1/3 of the normal age norm;
  • urination is characterized by an increase in the volume of urine produced;
  • the urine has an unusual smell;
  • urine has changed in some way;
  • painful sensations when urinating.

If there is a problem of increased blood pressure, then it wouldn’t hurt to visit a nephrologist’s office either - this disorder may indicate the presence chronic disease kidney

For what symptoms should you contact a nephrologist?

What diseases does a nephrologist treat?

Nephrology deals with diseases that require not surgical intervention, but drug treatment and dialysis. A list of some diseases that a nephrologist identifies:

  • acute or chronic form pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis;
  • vascular nephropathy and other kidney damage;
  • various infections, inflammatory processes urinary tract;
  • renal failure varying degrees heaviness;
  • hypertension with kidney damage;
  • kidney damage from taking medicines;
  • urate or diabetic nephropathy;
  • chronic nephritis;
  • urolithiasis;
  • amyloidosis.

What diseases does a nephrologist treat?

What tests does a nephrologist prescribe?

Based on the data from these analyses, the following instrumental types of research may additionally be prescribed:

  • angiography (method x-ray examination kidney area);
  • Ultrasound (examines the kidney area, as well as the abdominal cavity);
  • Kidney CT (computed tomography);
  • Kidney MRI (magnetic resonance imaging);
  • scintigraphy (radionuclide examination method);
  • kidney biopsy.
Limit your water and salt intake. Salt promotes thirst and retains fluid in the body. This increases blood pressure and causes swelling. You need to salt food directly on the plate, measuring out the daily dose into a salt shaker. For people with kidney problems, it is 7 g.
To reduce the content of potassium and phosphorus in the body, remove fried foods, vegetables, canned food, and dried fruits from your diet. Reduce the amount of fruit (except apples and pears) and dairy products.
Eliminate fish, rich broths, and protein-rich legumes from your diet.
The daily protein intake is 300g. Poultry and lamb are preferable, from which steamed dishes should be made.
To replenish the calorie content of food with fats and carbohydrates, include in your diet porridge, jelly, pasta, honey, olive oil. By the way, coffee is also allowed.
Measure your blood pressure 3-4 times a day. Remember that not all blood pressure medications are suitable for kidney problems. Treatment should be prescribed by a nephrologist.
Visit your doctor once every 3 months and get blood and urine tests. If the creatinine level is exceeded (0.3-0.5 millimoles per 1 liter of blood), the kidney patient should be observed by a nephrologist.

Questions and answers on the topic "Nephrologist"

Question:Hello! My daughter is 8 months old, her face is swollen in the morning, tests were good. Maybe this is normal.

Answer: If the tests are good, it may be due to excess drinking.

Question:Hello. Here’s a question: my wife had fistula surgery, is it possible to drink a nettle decoction to reduce the level of creatinine in the blood. Or what decoction you can drink to reduce creatinine to normal.

Answer: Yes, nettle is used. But in your case, only the opinion of the attending physician can be decisive.

Question:Hello. I have a coral stone in the lower part of the renal pelvis measuring 22x37 mm. There are always signs of pyeloniphritis. They say it urgently needs to be split up. Is it possible to do without surgery using the services of a nephrologist?

Answer: Hello! Crushing kidney stones is a highly effective method of treating nephrolithiasis with more low percentage complications than with abdominal operations. Ultrasound crushing is indicated for stones larger than 2 cm.

Question:Hello. My daughter is 4 years old and she still wets herself at night. An ultrasound scan of the kidneys was checked - no pathology, urine analysis was good. Please tell me how to deal with this. Everything is fine during the day, but at night there are problems.

Answer: Hello! Nocturnal enuresis Normally it can be up to 5 years of age. I advise you not to give your daughter anything to drink 2 hours before bedtime and invite her to urinate at night 3 hours after falling asleep.

Not everyone knows why a nephrologist is needed. But the kidneys are a very sensitive and important organ. If they fail, it often results in death.

Nephrology is a science and department of medicine that deals with the proper functioning of the kidneys, as well as the urinary tract. The task of a nephrology specialist is to ensure that people do not have any problems with this paired organ.

The primary task of a nephrologist is to carry out prevention kidney ailments. For this you need them early diagnosis. It is important not to bring them to a state where the problem can only be solved through surgery. It is also the task of nephrology and nephrologists to monitor those who have congenital kidney defects. Also, the nephrologist should monitor patients with poor heredity and those who have undergone surgery on this organ.

You should contact a nephrologist after the very first symptoms of ailments of the genitourinary system. The task of a nephrologist is to correctly diagnose and select the correct treatment.

By the way, if a child has kidney and genitourinary system diseases, it is better to contact a pediatric nephrologist. A true professional must know the specifics of diseases in children.

What does a nephrologist treat?

Its specificity is the treatment of diseases of the kidneys and genitourinary system. These are the following ailments:

  • Renal amyloidosis. Disturbance of protein-carbohydrate metabolism and accumulation of amyloid in the kidneys.
  • Protein in urine.
  • Systemic vasculitis (nephritis may develop with it).
  • Kidney inflammation.
  • Hematuria. The presence of blood in the urine due to certain diseases.
  • Salt diathesis.
  • Renal hydronephrosis. Disruption of the process of urine outflow and stretching of the renal pelvis.
  • Glomerulonephritis. It affects the small glomeruli of the kidneys.
  • Interstitial nephritis. An inflammatory disease affecting the kidney tubules.
  • Kidney stones.
  • Renal cyst.
  • Urolithiasis.
  • Jades. There are many variants of this disease, including paranephritis, hereditary nephritis, tubulointerstitial, etc.
  • Nephropathy.
  • Nephritic syndrome.
  • Increased mobility of the kidney (aka nephroptosis).
  • Nocturia. Frequent urge to urination.
  • Nephrosclerosis (or cell death of this organ).
  • Nephrotic syndrome.
  • Oliguria.
  • Pyelitis, that is, inflammation of the pelvis and calyces of this organ.
  • Polycystic kidney disease.
  • Gout.
  • Renal failure, including chronic.
  • Polyuria.
  • Pyelonephritis (including chronic).
  • Ureterohydronephrosis.
  • Renal tuberculosis.
  • Uremia.
  • A pediatric nephrologist also treats familial nephropathy, renal dysplasia, glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis in children, tubulopathy, abnormalities in the development of the genitourinary system in a child, urolithiasis, etc.

When to contact

The child needs help with following cases:

  1. If he complains of pain during urination;
  2. If the urge to go to the toilet “in a small way” happens often;
  3. If a child over four years old still pees at night;
  4. If the amount of urine has changed, its smell or color has changed, it has become cloudy;
  5. There are overestimated or underestimated numbers in the urine test;
  6. Ultrasound of the genitourinary system showed abnormalities.

Adults should visit this specialist in the following cases:

  1. If there is a lack of urination (anuria), or urine output in an amount of about 50 ml (this clearly indicates a dysfunction of the organ).
  2. It is also worth going to a nephrologist if you have oliguria, that is, insufficient urine output (up to half a liter), as well as polyuria (indicates a metabolic disorder).
  3. The reason for contacting should be pain (on one or both sides) in the lower back, renal colic, blood (or mucus) in the urine, infections in the urinary system, inflammation in this organ, kidney failure, swelling of the legs, arms or face.
  4. Notice if your external genitalia are red.
  5. You can also contact a nephrologist if there is an unexpected increase in blood pressure - this may also indicate problems with the kidneys.

How to prepare for an appointment with a nephrologist

If you have made an appointment with this doctor, it is important to properly prepare for the appointment. This will make it easier to diagnose and detect the disease. Here's what to remember:

  • Before visiting this specialist, you should abstain from any food for at least half a day. All diagnostic procedures are carried out only with an empty stomach.
  • Also, half a day before your appointment, you should not drink alcohol or smoke.
  • Remember to limit your fluid intake (not just alcohol) to a minimum. You need to live in the “water-free” mode for a day before seeing a nephrologist.
  • In addition, you cannot take any medications all day long.

Important to know! You can stop taking medications only if it does not threaten your life. If you need to take medications all the time, tell your nephrologist about this during your appointment. Tell your nephrologist what medications you had to take.

Here you will find the answer to the question: when should you go to a specialist?

Diagnosis of kidney diseases

First, the nephrologist will definitely send you for urine tests. Firstly, this is a general urine test, and secondly, daily urine collection. It will help you understand whether there are problems in the functioning of organs during the day and how the time of day affects their condition in general. A urine culture will also be needed. Which will allow you to detect harmful bacteria. If you have them inflammatory disease kidney (either viral or bacterial). The following methods are used for diagnosis:

  • Ultrasound examination. Using echography, you can examine the kidney tissues for the presence of neoplasms, and also determine whether this organ is located correctly. Using Doppler ultrasound, you can study the blood flow in the kidneys;
  • With the help excretory urography you can determine the condition of the kidney and urinary tract tissues;
  • Angiography. Similar to the previous method (combination of x-ray and contrast study). Helps determine the condition of the kidney vessels, blood flow, and vascular functionality;
  • Kidney CT. Layer-by-layer scanning, providing very accurate information;
  • Kidney MRI. A very accurate and safe, but expensive method;
  • Nephroscintigraphy. A radioactive drug is injected into the body;
  • Biopsy. Kidney tissue is examined under a microscope. Allows you to detect changes in tissue structure;
  • Biochemical blood test.

Your doctor may also refer you for scintigraphy, retrograde pyelography, pneumoperitoneum or chromocystoscopy.

To understand what examination the patient should be referred for, the nephrologist performs palpation, initial examination etc.

What is the difference between a nephrologist and a urologist?

There are differences between a nephrologist and a urologist. Both of these specialists deal with problems of the genitourinary system. But there are still differences. Firstly, a urologist has a broader profile: he treats not only kidneys or ailments of the urinary tract, but also deals with problems with the prostate, male sexual disorders, birth defects in boys, etc. In addition, urologists also deal with some issues of the female genitourinary system.

In addition, the urologist’s task is to provide radical treatment. If nephrologists provide exclusively therapeutic treatment (for example, medication or physiotherapy), then the urologist performs a variety of kidney surgeries and genitourinary system. After operations, the patient is also monitored by a urologist.

And yet, if urolithiasis kidney stones were discovered, you need to contact a nephrologist, and if in the ureter - only to a urologist.

The activities of a nephrologist may be associated with some other doctors:

  1. For example, a rheumatologist. The fact is that many systemic diseases can lead to kidney failure. And this is fraught with serious intoxication of the body. In some cases systemic diseases should be treated not only by a rheumatologist and nephrologist, but also by other doctors.
  2. Also, the work of nephrologists may be related to the activities of an oncologist. So, if malignant tumor affected the kidneys, will be needed joint activities nephrologist and oncologist.
  3. During treatment kidney diseases You may need help from a surgeon and cardiologist. However, everything depends on the characteristics of the disease in a particular person.

Nephrologist is a specialist with quite narrow specialization, but this does not mean that its role in our health is insignificant: the kidneys are one of the most important filters of the body, so a failure in their work is dangerous. Prepare carefully for your visit to the nephrologist and always monitor the condition of your kidneys.

A neurologist (neuropathologist is an outdated name for a specialist) diagnoses and treats the nervous system and injuries to the nerves, brain and spinal cord. He also heals peripheral nerves, muscles and autonomic nervous system, as well as blood vessels associated with these structures. In addition, this doctor specializes in brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, migraine, meningitis, Guillain Bar syndrome, myasthenia gravis, brain tumors and brain infections, children's cerebral palsy, dyspraxia and dementia.

Neurologist treats traumatic injuries brain and head injuries, stroke, coma, disorders cerebral circulation and hypoxia. Disorders nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Charcot's disease), viral and bacterial encephalitis, infections of the brain and spinal cord, herpes zoster. Sleep disorders and problems with the sense of smell and taste. Neurologists conduct various tests, such as nerve conduction tests.

Neurology: the study and treatment of diseases of the nervous system. A neurologist helps patients who have complications from stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease and other brain diseases.

Nephrologist

Nephrologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney and urinary tract diseases. In case of deviations in diagnostic tests urine, patients are referred to a nephrologist. This specialist also monitors the condition of dialysis patients, sets dietary restrictions for kidney disease and dialysis patients, and consults with surgeons regarding kidney transplants and endoscopy of the renal system.