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Retelling of the captain's daughter summary. A.S

Pushkin A.S. “ Captain's daughter” Historical story, summary.
The story, written by the great and, is the first historical work of art. The plot for this story was a real event that happened during.
The story was written on behalf of the elderly nobleman Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, who tells about his youth, which occurred during the reign of the grandmother of the current Emperor Alexander.
As an epigraph to the work “The Captain’s Daughter,” he cites the Russian proverb “Take care of your dress again, and take care of your honor from a young age.”
Grinev begins his story with the observation that sometimes a minor event can change a person’s life and direct him along a different path.
In his family, Petrusha Grinev was the ninth and only surviving child. His childhood and adolescence passed quite freely, like most of the landowners' undergrowth. At first, he was looked after by the former soldier Savelich, who was assigned to be his uncle for his reasonable behavior. Then it was the tutor’s turn and a Frenchman was appointed to fill this role, of whom there were many who remained in Russia after the defeat of Napoleon. This former French hairdresser could not teach anything sensible until he was expelled for drunkenness and dissolute behavior.
This is how Petrusha lived until he was seventeen years old, when the priest decided to assign him to military service. Only the young nobleman had to go not to the capitals, but to the army so that he could “smell gunpowder.” Faithful Savelich is sent to serve, but more to look after the unreasonable young master.
Getting to the fortress where they were to serve, they fell into a blizzard, and they would have perished if random person did not take their wagon onto the road. In gratitude for saving Petrusha, Grinev, a kind soul, gives a hare sheepskin coat to the savior, not even suspecting that with this gift he is saving his life.
The fortress where Grinev was assigned to serve turned out to be an ordinary village, surrounded by a wooden palisade. The military garrison consisted of peasants who did not distinguish left from right. The fortress was defended from enemies by an old cannon, which was clogged with garbage.
In fact, the fortress was commanded by the wife of Commandant Mironov, Vasilisa Egorovna. Grinev was accepted as one of their own, and he himself became very attached to the family, especially since the commandant had a very attractive daughter, Masha. Sweet, calm and well-behaved Masha Mironova made such an impression on the young unlucky barchuk that he became interested in reading books, began practicing translations from French and writing poetry.
Everything seems to be going well and calmly, but officer Shvabrin, to whom Masha refused her affection, insults her and forces Grinev to a duel. He is more experienced in military affairs and wounded Grinev in a duel. While he lies wounded, the fortress is attacked by the rebels led by Pugachev. The commandant and his wife refuse to swear allegiance to him as emperor and die. Pugachev releases Grinev when he honestly says that he cannot swear an oath twice.
Grinev is trying to get military assistance in the Orenburg fortress, but there they themselves are afraid that Pugachev will reach Orenburg. And so it happened. Emelyan Pugachev besieged Orenburg.
By chance, Grinev finds out that Shvabrin is trying to force Masha Mironova to marry him and goes to the Belogorsk fortress. He is captured and, appearing once again before Pugachev, honestly tells what brought him back to Belogorsk. Pugachev proves himself to be a noble man and orders Shvabrin, who has gone over to his side, to release the orphan. Shvabrin had to obey, but he writes a denunciation against Grinev that he is a Pugachev spy. After the defeat of Pugachev, Grinev faces trial and exile to Siberia on false charges. The captain's daughter Masha goes to St. Petersburg to deliver a letter to Empress Catherine with a request to pardon Pyotr Grinev. The meeting took place almost by chance in the garden of Tsarskoe Selo, where Masha told the whole story and the Empress pardoned Grinev, thereby saving him from dishonor.
The summary of the story The Captain's Daughter can be expressed in one, but very emotional phrase from Grinev: “God forbid that we see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless.”

Pushkin first published the historical story “The Captain's Daughter” in 1836. According to researchers, the work is at the intersection of romanticism and realism. The genre is not precisely defined - some consider “The Captain’s Daughter” to be a story, others – a full-fledged novel.

The action of the work takes place during the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev and is based on real events. The story is written in the form of memoirs of the main character Pyotr Andreich Grinev - his diary entries. The work is named after Grinev’s beloved Marya Mironova, the captain’s daughter.

Main characters

Petr Andreich Grinev – main character story, nobleman, officer on whose behalf the story is told.

Marya Ivanovna Mironova- daughter of captain Mironov; “a girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy.”

Emelyan Pugachev- the leader of the peasant uprising, “about forty, average height, thin and broad-shouldered,” with a black beard.

Arkhip Savelich- an old man who was Grinev’s teacher from an early age.

Other characters

Andrey Petrovich Grinev- father of Pyotr Andreich, retired prime minister.

Ivan Ivanovich Zurin- an officer whom Grinev met in a tavern in Simbirsk.

Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin- an officer whom Grinev met in the Belogorod fortress; joined Pugachev's rebels, testified against Grinev.

Mironov Ivan Kuzmich- captain, Marya's father, commandant in the Belogorod fortress.

Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard

The father of the main character, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, retired as prime minister, began to live in his Simbirsk village, and married the daughter of a local nobleman. From the age of five, Petya was sent to be raised by the eager Savelich. When the main character turned 16 years old, his father, instead of sending him to St. Petersburg to the Semenovsky regiment (as previously planned), assigned him to serve in Orenburg. Savelich was sent along with the young man.

On the way to Orenburg, in a tavern in Simbirsk, Grinev met the captain of the hussar regiment, Zurin. He taught the young man to play billiards and offered to play for money. After drinking the punch, Grinev got excited and lost a hundred rubles. The distressed Savelich had to repay the debt.

Chapter 2. Counselor

On the way, Grinev dozed off and had a dream in which he saw something prophetic. Peter dreamed that he came to say goodbye to his dying father, but in bed he saw “a man with a black beard.” The mother called the man Grinev’s “planted father” and told him to kiss his hand so that he would bless him. Peter refused. Then the man jumped up, grabbed an ax and started killing everyone. The scary man affectionately called: “Don’t be afraid, come under my blessing.” At that moment Grinev woke up: they arrived at the inn. In gratitude for his help, Grinev gave the counselor his sheepskin coat.

In Orenburg, Grinev was immediately sent to the Belogorodskaya fortress, to the team of Captain Mironov.

Chapter 3. Fortress

“The Belogorsk fortress was located forty miles from Orenburg.” On the very first day, Grinev met the commandant and his wife. The next day, Pyotr Andreich met officer Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. He was sent here “for murder” - he “stabbed a lieutenant” during a duel. Shvabrin constantly made fun of the commandant’s family. Pyotr Andreich really liked Mironov’s daughter Marya, but Shvabrin described her as “a complete fool.”

Chapter 4. Duel

Over time, Grinev found in Marya a “prudent and sensitive girl.” Pyotr Andreich began to write poetry and once read one of his works dedicated to Marya and Shvabrin. He criticized the verse and said that the girl would prefer “a pair of earrings” instead of “tender poems.” Grinev called Shvabrin a scoundrel and he challenged Pyotr Andreich to a duel. The first time they failed to get along - they were noticed and taken to the commandant. In the evening, Grinev learned that Shvabrin had wooed Marya last year and was refused.

The next day, Grinev and Shvabrin fought again. During the duel, Pyotr Andreich was called out by Savelich who ran up. Grinev looked back, and the enemy struck him “in the chest below the right shoulder.”

Chapter 5. Love

All the time while Grinev was recovering, Marya looked after him. Pyotr Andreich invited the girl to become his wife, she agreed.

Grinev wrote to his father that he was going to get married. However, Andrei Petrovich replied that he would not give consent to the marriage and would even arrange for his son to be transferred “somewhere far away.” Having learned about the answer from Grinev’s parents, Marya was very upset, but she did not want to get married without their consent (particularly because the girl was without a dowry). From then on she began to avoid Pyotr Andreich.

Chapter 6. Pugachevism

News arrived that “Don Cossack and schismatic Emelyan Pugachev” had escaped from the guard, gathered a “villainous gang” and “caused outrage in the Yaik villages.” It soon became known that the rebels were going to march on the Belogoro fortress. Preparations have begun.

Chapter 7. Attack

Grinev did not sleep all night. Many armed people gathered at the fortress. Pugachev himself rode between them on a white horse. The rebels broke into the fortress, the commandant was wounded in the head, and Grinev was captured.

The crowd shouted “that the sovereign was waiting for the prisoners in the square and was taking the oath.” Mironov and Lieutenant Ivan Ignatyich refused to take the oath and were hanged. Grinev faced the same fate, but Savelich at the last moment threw himself at Pugachev’s feet and asked to release Pyotr Andreich. Shvabrin joined the rebels. Marya's mother was killed.

Chapter 8. Uninvited Guest

Marya hid the priest, calling her her niece. Savelich told Grinev that Pugachev was the same man to whom Pyotr Andreich gave the sheepskin coat.

Pugachev summoned Grinev to his place. Peter Andreich admitted that he would not be able to serve him, since he was a “natural nobleman” and “sworn allegiance to the empress”: “My head is in your power: if you let me go, thank you; if you execute, God will be your judge; but I told you the truth.” The sincerity of Pyotr Andreich struck Pugachev, and he let him go “on all four sides.”

Chapter 9. Separation

In the morning, Pugachev told Grinev to go to Orenburg and tell the governor and all the generals to expect him in a week. The leader of the uprising appointed Shvabrin as the new commander in the fortress.

Chapter 10. Siege of the city

A few days later news came that Pugachev was moving towards Orenburg. Grinev was given a letter from Marya Ivanovna. The girl wrote that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry him and was treating her very cruelly, so she asked Grinev for help.

Chapter 11. Rebel settlement

Having received no support from the general, Grinev went to the Belogorodsk fortress. On the way, they and Savelich were captured by Pugachev’s people. Grinev told the leader of the rebels that he was going to the Belogorodskaya fortress, because there Shvabrin was offending an orphan girl - Grinev’s fiancée. In the morning, Pugachev, together with Grinev and his people, went to the fortress.

Chapter 12. Orphan

Shvabrin said that Marya is his wife. But upon entering the girl’s room, Grinev and Pugachev saw that she was pale, thin, and the only food in front of her was “a jug of water covered with a slice of bread.” Shvabrin reported that the girl was Mironov’s daughter, but Pugachev still let Grinev go with his lover.

Chapter 13. Arrest

Approaching the town, Grinev and Marya were stopped by guards. Pyotr Andreich went to the major and recognized him as Zurin. Grinev, after talking with Zurin, decided to send Marya to her parents in the village, while he himself remained to serve in the detachment.

At the end of February, Zurin's detachment set out on a campaign. After Pugachev was defeated, he again gathered a gang and went to Moscow, causing chaos. "Gangs of robbers were committing crimes everywhere." “God forbid we see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless!”

Finally Pugachev was caught. Grinev got ready to visit his parents, but a document arrived about his arrest in the Pugachev case.

Chapter 14. Court

Grinev arrived in Kazan by order and was put in prison. During the interrogation, Pyotr Andreich, not wanting to involve Marya, kept silent about why he was leaving Orenburg. Grinev’s accuser, Shvabrin, argued that Pyotr Andreich was Pugachev’s spy.

Marya Ivanovna was received by Grinev’s parents “with sincere cordiality.” The news of the arrest of Pyotr Andreich shocked everyone - he was threatened with lifelong exile to Siberia. To save her lover, Marya went to St. Petersburg and stopped in Tsarskoe Selo. During her morning walk, she got into conversation with an unfamiliar lady, told her her story and that she had come to ask the Empress for Grinev’s pardon.

On the same day, the Empress's carriage was sent for Marya. The Empress turned out to be the same lady with whom the girl had spoken in the morning. The Empress pardoned Grinev and promised to help her with her dowry.

According to no longer Grinev, but the author, at the end of 1774 Pyotr Andreich was released. “He was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head to him.” Soon Grinev married Marya. “The manuscript of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev was delivered to us from one of his grandchildren.”

Conclusion

In the historical story “The Captain's Daughter” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, both the main and secondary characters deserve attention. The most controversial figure in the work is Emelyan Pugachev. The cruel, bloodthirsty leader of the rebels is portrayed by the author as a person not devoid of positive, somewhat romanticized qualities. Pugachev appreciates Grinev’s kindness and sincerity and helps his lovers.

The characters that contrast with each other are Grinev and Shvabrin. Pyotr Andreich remains true to his ideas to the last, even when his life depended on it. Shvabrin easily changes his mind, joins the rebels, and becomes a traitor.

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Captain's Daughter

Take care of your honor from a young age.

Proverb

CHAPTER I. SERGEANT OF THE GUARD

If only he were a guard captain tomorrow.

This is not necessary; Let him serve in the army.

Well said! let him push...

Who's his father?

Knyazhnin.

My father Andrei Petrovich Grinev in his youth served under Count Minich, and retired as prime minister in 17.. Since then, he lived in his Simbirsk village, where he married the girl Avdotya Vasilievna Yu., the daughter of a poor nobleman there. There were nine of us children. All my brothers and sisters died in infancy.

Mother was still pregnant with me, as I had already been enlisted in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant, by the grace of Major of the Guard Prince B., a close relative of ours. If, beyond all hope, the mother had given birth to a daughter, then the father would have announced the death of the sergeant who had not appeared, and that would have been the end of the matter. I was considered on leave until I finished my studies. At that time, we were not brought up like today. From the age of five I was given into the hands of the eager Savelich, who was granted my uncle status for his sober behavior. Under his supervision, in my twelfth year, I learned Russian literacy and could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog. At this time, the priest hired a Frenchman for me, Monsieur Beaupré, who was discharged from Moscow along with a year's supply of wine and Provençal oil. Savelich did not like his arrival very much. “Thank God,” he grumbled to himself, “it seems the child is washed, combed, and fed. Where should we spend the extra money, and hire monsieur, as if our people were gone!”

Beaupre was a hairdresser in his homeland, then a soldier in Prussia, then he came to Russia pour être outchitel, not really understanding the meaning of this word. He was a kind fellow, but flighty and dissolute to the extreme. His main weakness was his passion for the fair sex; Not infrequently, for his tenderness, he received pushes, from which he groaned for whole days. Moreover, he was not (as he put it) an enemy of the bottle, that is, (speaking in Russian) he loved to drink too much. But since we only served wine at dinner, and then only in small glasses, and the teachers usually carried it around, my Beaupre very soon got used to the Russian liqueur, and even began to prefer it to the wines of his fatherland, as it was much healthier for the stomach. We hit it off immediately, and although according to the contract he was obliged to teach me French, German and all sciences, he preferred to quickly learn from me how to chat in Russian - and then each of us went about our own business. We lived in perfect harmony. I didn't want any other mentor. But soon fate separated us, and for this reason:

The washerwoman Palashka, a fat and pockmarked girl, and the crooked cowmaid Akulka somehow agreed at the same time to throw themselves at mother’s feet, blaming themselves for their criminal weakness and complaining with tears about the monsieur who had seduced their inexperience. Mother didn’t like to joke about this, and complained to the priest. His reprisal was short. He immediately demanded the Frenchman's channel. They reported that Monsieur was giving me his lesson. Father went to my room. At this time, Beaupre was sleeping on the bed in the sleep of innocence. I was busy with business. You need to know that for me she was discharged from Moscow geographical map. It hung on the wall without any use and had long tempted me with the width and goodness of the paper. I decided to make snakes out of it, and taking advantage of Beaupre's sleep, I set to work. Father came in at the same time as I was adjusting the bast tail to the Cape of Good Hope. Seeing my exercises in geography, the priest pulled me by the ear, then ran up to Beaupre, woke him up very carelessly, and began to shower him with reproaches. Beaupre, in confusion, wanted to get up, but could not: the unfortunate Frenchman was dead drunk. Seven troubles, one answer. Father lifted him out of bed by the collar, pushed him out of the door, and on the same day drove him out of the yard, to Savelich’s indescribable joy. That was the end of my upbringing.

I lived as a teenager, chasing pigeons and playing chakharda with the yard boys. Meanwhile, I was sixteen years old. Then my fate changed.

One autumn, my mother was making honey jam in the living room, and I, licking my lips, looked at the seething foam. Father at the window was reading the Court Calendar, which he received annually. This book always had a strong influence on him: he never re-read it without special participation, and reading this always produced in him an amazing excitement of bile. Mother, who knew by heart all his habits and customs, always tried to shove the unfortunate book as far away as possible, and thus the Court Calendar did not come into his sight sometimes for entire months. But when he found it by chance, he would not let it out of his hands for hours at a time. So, the priest read the Court Calendar, occasionally shrugging his shoulders and repeating in a low voice: “Lieutenant General!.. He was a sergeant in my company!.. Knight of both Russian orders!.. How long ago have we…” Finally, the priest threw the calendar on the sofa, and plunged into reverie, which did not bode well.

Suddenly he turned to his mother: “Avdotya Vasilyevna, how old is Petrusha?”

“Yes, I’ve reached my seventeenth year,” answered my mother. - Petrusha was born in the same year that Aunt Nastasya Garasimovna became sad, and when else...

“Okay,” interrupted the priest, “it’s time for him to go into service. It’s enough for him to run around the maidens and climb dovecotes.”

The thought of imminent separation from me struck my mother so much that she dropped the spoon into the saucepan and tears streamed down her face. On the contrary, it is difficult to describe my admiration. The thought of service merged in me with thoughts of freedom, of the pleasures of St. Petersburg life. I imagined myself as a guard officer, which in my opinion was the height of human well-being.

Father did not like to change his intentions or postpone their implementation. The day for my departure was set. The day before, the priest announced that he intended to write with me to my future boss, and demanded pen and paper.

“Don’t forget, Andrei Petrovich,” said mother, “to bow to Prince B. for me; I say I hope that he will not abandon Petrusha with his favors.

What nonsense! - answered the priest, frowning. - Why on earth would I write to Prince B.?

But you said that you would like to write to Petrusha’s boss.

Well, what's there?

But the chief of Petrushin is Prince B. After all, Petrusha is enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment.

Recorded! Why do I care that it’s recorded? Petrusha will not go to St. Petersburg. What will he learn while serving in St. Petersburg? hang out and hang out? No, let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him smell gunpowder, let him be a soldier, not a chamaton. Enlisted in the Guard! Where is his passport? give it here.

“If only he were a guard captain tomorrow.”

- That’s not necessary; Let him serve in the army.

- Well said! let him push...

………………………………………………………

Who's his father?

My father, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, in his youth served under Count Minich and retired as prime minister in 17.... Since then he lived in his Simbirsk village, where he married the girl Avdotya Vasilyevna Yu., the daughter of a poor nobleman there. There were nine of us children. All my brothers and sisters died in infancy.

Mother was still pregnant with me, as I had already been enlisted in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant, by the grace of Guard Major Prince B., a close relative of ours. If, more than anything else, mother had given birth to a daughter, then the father would have announced the death of the sergeant who had not appeared, and that would have been the end of the matter. I was considered on leave until I finished my studies. At that time, we were not brought up in the traditional way. From the age of five I was given into the hands of the eager Savelich, who was granted my uncle status for his sober behavior. Under his supervision, in my twelfth year, I learned Russian literacy and could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog. At this time, the priest hired a Frenchman for me, Monsieur Beaupré, who was discharged from Moscow along with a year's supply of wine and Provençal oil. Savelich did not like his arrival very much. “Thank God,” he grumbled to himself, “it seems the child is washed, combed, and fed. Where should we spend the extra money and hire monsieur, as if our people were gone!”

Beaupre was a hairdresser in his homeland, then a soldier in Prussia, then he came to Russia pour être outchitel, not really understanding the meaning of this word. He was a kind fellow, but flighty and dissolute to the extreme. His main weakness was his passion for the fair sex; Often, for his tenderness, he received pushes, from which he groaned for whole days. Moreover, he was not (as he put it) and the enemy of the bottle, that is (speaking in Russian) he loved to take a sip too much. But since we only served wine at dinner, and then only in small glasses, and the teachers usually carried it around, my Beaupre very soon got used to the Russian liqueur and even began to prefer it to the wines of his fatherland, as it was much healthier for the stomach. We hit it off immediately, and although he was contractually obligated to teach me in French, German and all sciences, but he preferred to quickly learn from me how to chat in Russian, and then each of us went about our own business. We lived in perfect harmony. I didn't want any other mentor. But soon fate separated us, and for this reason.

The washerwoman Palashka, a fat and pockmarked girl, and the crooked cowmaid Akulka somehow agreed at the same time to throw themselves at mother’s feet, blaming themselves for their criminal weakness and complaining with tears about the monsieur who had seduced their inexperience. Mother didn’t like to joke about this and complained to the priest. His reprisal was short. He immediately demanded the Frenchman's channel. They reported that Monsieur was giving me his lesson. Father went to my room. At this time, Beaupre was sleeping on the bed in the sleep of innocence. I was busy with business. You need to know that a geographical map was issued for me from Moscow. It hung on the wall without any use and had long tempted me with the width and goodness of the paper. I decided to make snakes out of it and, taking advantage of Beaupre's sleep, I set to work. Father came in at the same time as I was adjusting the bast tail to the Cape of Good Hope. Seeing my exercises in geography, the priest pulled me by the ear, then ran up to Beaupre, woke him up very carelessly and began to shower him with reproaches. Beaupre, in confusion, wanted to get up but could not: the unfortunate Frenchman was dead drunk. Seven troubles, one answer. Father lifted him out of bed by the collar, pushed him out of the door and drove him out of the yard that same day, to Savelich’s indescribable joy. That was the end of my upbringing.

I lived as a teenager, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys. Meanwhile, I was sixteen years old. Then my fate changed.

One autumn, my mother was making honey jam in the living room, and I, licking my lips, looked at the seething foam. Father at the window was reading the Court Calendar, which he receives every year. This book always had a strong influence on him: he never re-read it without special participation, and reading this always produced in him an amazing excitement of bile. Mother, who knew by heart all his habits and customs, always tried to shove the unfortunate book as far away as possible, and thus the Court Calendar did not catch his eye sometimes for entire months. But when he found it by chance, he would not let it out of his hands for hours at a time. So, the priest read the Court Calendar, occasionally shrugging his shoulders and repeating in a low voice: “Lieutenant General!.. He was a sergeant in my company!.. He was a holder of both Russian orders!.. How long ago have we…” Finally, the priest threw the calendar on the sofa and plunged into reverie, which did not bode well.

Suddenly he turned to his mother: “Avdotya Vasilyevna, how old is Petrusha?”

“Yes, I’ve just reached my seventeenth year,” answered my mother. “Petrusha was born in the same year that Aunt Nastasya Gerasimovna became sad, and when else...

“Okay,” interrupted the priest, “it’s time for him to go into service. It’s enough for him to run around the maidens and climb dovecotes.”

“Don’t forget, Andrei Petrovich,” said mother, “to bow to Prince B. for me; I, they say, hope that he will not abandon Petrusha with his favors.

- What nonsense! - answered the priest, frowning. - Why on earth would I write to Prince B.?

“But you said that you would like to write to Petrusha’s boss.”

- Well, what’s there?

- But the chief Petrushin is Prince B. After all, Petrusha is enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment.

- Recorded! Why do I care that it’s recorded? Petrusha will not go to St. Petersburg. What will he learn while serving in St. Petersburg? hang out and hang out? No, let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him smell gunpowder, let him be a soldier, not a chamaton. Enlisted in the Guard! Where is his passport? give it here.

Mother found my passport, which was kept in her box along with the shirt in which I was baptized, and handed it to the priest with a trembling hand. Father read it with attention, placed it on the table in front of him and began his letter.

Curiosity tormented me: where are they sending me, if not to St. Petersburg? I didn’t take my eyes off Father’s pen, which was moving quite slowly. Finally he finished, sealed the letter in the same bag with his passport, took off his glasses and, calling me, said: “Here is a letter for you to Andrei Karlovich R., my old comrade and friend. You are going to Orenburg to serve under his command.”

So, all my bright hopes were dashed! Instead of a cheerful life in St. Petersburg, boredom awaited me in a remote and remote place. The service, which I had been thinking about with such delight for a minute, seemed to me like a grave misfortune. But there was no point in arguing! The next day, in the morning, a road wagon was brought to the porch; they put a suitcase, a cellar with a tea set and bundles with buns and pies in it, the last signs home pampering. My parents blessed me. Father told me: “Goodbye, Peter. Serve faithfully to whom you pledge allegiance; obey your superiors; Don’t chase their affection; don’t ask for service; do not dissuade yourself from serving; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.” Mother, in tears, ordered me to take care of my health and Savelich to look after the child. They put a hare sheepskin coat on me, and a fox fur coat on top. I got into the wagon with Savelich and set off on the road, shedding tears.

Pushkin, having written this work, undoubtedly created a masterpiece that is successful even today. The story of valiant warriors defending the honor of the Motherland, despite all the twists of fate, always inspires respect.

You can fully experience the morals that reigned in Imperial Rus' by reading the complete work of Pushkin or his brief retelling. “The Captain's Daughter,” retold chapter by chapter, is an opportunity to significantly reduce the time that needs to be spent on reading. In addition, the reader gets to know the work without losing the original meaning of the story, which is an extremely important detail.

Chapter I - Sergeant of the Guard

About the most significant events from which this story begins, you can find out by reading its brief retelling. “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapter 1) begins with a story about how the life of the parents of the main character, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, turned out. It all started with the fact that Andrei Petrovich Grinev (father of the main character), having retired as a prime minister, went to his Siberian village, where he married a poor noblewoman, Avdotya Vasilievna. Despite the fact that 9 children were born in the family, all of them, except for the main character of the book, Pyotr Andreevich, died in infancy.

While still in his mother's womb, the child was enrolled by his father in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant, thanks to the goodwill of one influential relative who was a major in the prince's guard. The father hoped that if a girl was born, he would simply announce the death of the sergeant who did not show up for duty, and the issue would be resolved.

From the age of 5, Peter was given to be raised by the eager Savelich, who was granted his uncle for his sobriety. By the age of 12, the boy not only knew Russian literacy, but also learned to understand the dignity of greyhounds. Considering his son old enough to further master the sciences, his father assigned him a French teacher from Moscow, Monsieur Beaupre, who was kind, but had a weakness for women and wine. As a result of this, several girls complained about him to the mistress, and he was expelled in disgrace.

One day, the father of the main character of the book, rereading the Court Calendar, which he wrote out annually, saw that his subordinates had risen to high ranks, and decided that Peter needed to be sent to serve. Despite the fact that his son was initially enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment in St. Petersburg, his father decided to send him to the army as an ordinary soldier in order to protect him from a wild life. Having written a covering letter to Peter, he sent him, accompanied by Savelich, to his friend Andrei Karlovich in Orenburg.

Already at the first stop in Simbirsk, when the guide went shopping, Peter, bored, went to the billiard room, where he met Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, who served with the rank of captain. After it turned out that the young man did not know how to play billiards, Zurin, promising to teach him, declared at the end of the game that Peter had lost and now owed him 100 rubles. Since Savelich had all the money, Zurin agreed to wait for the debt and took his new acquaintance to entertainment venues, getting him thoroughly drunk.

In the morning, Peter was visited by a messenger boy with a letter in which Zurin demanded his money. Frightened by this behavior of his ward, Savelich decided that he needed to be taken away from the tavern as quickly as possible. As soon as the horses were supplied, Peter set off towards Orenburg, without even saying goodbye to his “teacher”.

Chapter II - Counselor

It is noteworthy that even a short retelling fully conveys the essence of the work written by Pushkin. “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapter 2) begins from the moment when Peter realizes the stupidity and recklessness of his behavior. He decides to make peace with Savelich, promising not to spend another penny without his knowledge.

We had to get to Orenburg through a snow-covered desert. After our heroes had covered most of the path, the coachman suggested turning the horses to the place of their previous stop, since a snowstorm was approaching. Considering his fears unnecessary, Peter decided to continue the journey, just speeding up the horses in order to quickly get to the next stop. However, the storm began much earlier than they managed to get there.

Making their way through the snow drifts, they saw a road man in the snow who showed them the way to the nearest village. While they were driving, Peter fell asleep and dreamed bad dream, as if, having arrived home, he learned that his father was dying. However, approaching the bed, instead of his father, he found a scary man there. Mother persuaded Peter to kiss his hand and receive a blessing, but he refused. Then the terrible man got out of bed, holding an ax in his hand, and the whole room was filled with corpses and blood. He was unable to see the dream through to the end, as he was awakened by Savelich, who reported that they had already arrived at the inn.

Having rested, Peter ordered to give them to yesterday's guide half a ruble, but after Savelich resisted, he did not dare to break the promise given to him and decided to give the guide his new hare sheepskin coat, despite all the dissatisfaction of his senior comrade.

Arriving in Orenburg, the young man went straight to the general, who looked like a real old man. Peter gave him a covering letter and his passport and was assigned to the Belgorod fortress under the command of Captain Mironov, who was supposed to teach him all the wisdom of war.

Analysis of the initial part of the story

Many will agree that one of the best creations that Pushkin created is “The Captain's Daughter”. A brief retelling of the work allows you to fully familiarize yourself with the story. At the same time, you will spend reading it minimum quantity time.

What does the short retelling tell next? “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapters 1 and 2) tells about how the gentleman's son spent his comfortable childhood and youth, who begins to gradually comprehend the world through his own trial and error. Despite the fact that he does not yet have the proper life experience, the young man began to communicate with by different people, recognizing their character traits, which are not always positive.

A brief retelling of the story “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapter 1) allows us to judge how much influence the parents had on their offspring, whose decisions were unquestioning and not subject to discussion. The second chapter shows the reader that the attitude towards people returns a hundredfold, because an ordinary sheepskin coat given to a poor man will in the future have a great influence on the fate of the main character.

Chapter III - Fortress

A brief retelling of the story “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapter 3) continues. Pyotr Grinev finally arrived at the Belgorod fortress, where, however, he was greatly disappointed due to the lack of large-scale buildings. He saw only a small village, in the middle of which a cannon was installed. Since no one came out to meet him, he decided to ask the nearest old woman about where he needed to go, who, upon closer acquaintance, turned out to be the captain’s wife, Vasilisa Egorovna. She kindly received Peter and, calling the constable, ordered to give him a good room. The hut in which he was to live was located on a high bank of the river. He lived in it together with Semyon Kuzov, who occupied the other half.

Getting up in the morning, Peter was struck by the uniformity of existence in the place where he was to spend many days. However, at this time a young man knocked on his door, who turned out to be officer Shvabrin, discharged from the guard for a duel. The young people quickly became friends and decided to pay a visit to Captain Ivan Kuzmich, who was caught training soldiers. He invited the young people to stay for lunch and invited them to go to his house. There they were kindly met by Vasilisa Egorovna, who introduced them to her daughter Maria Ivanovna, about whom Peter had a negative first impression. You can get a full sense of how these young people's relationship began to form by reading just a short recap.

“The Captain's Daughter” - a chapter-by-chapter retelling of the work - allows you to significantly speed up the time you need to spend reading. Pyotr Grinev immediately became a good candidate for a husband for Maria’s parents, and they in every possible way encouraged the development of such relationships, which initial stage did not fold very smoothly.

Chapter IV - Duel

A brief retelling of Chapter 4 of “The Captain’s Daughter” begins from the moment Peter began to settle into the fortress and received an officer’s rank. In the captain's house he was now accepted as family, and with Marya Ivanovna he developed strong friendships. friendly relations, strengthening every day against the backdrop of mutual sympathy.

Peter begins to become increasingly irritated by Shvabrin, however, since there was no other suitable interlocutor in the fortress, he continued to see him every day. One day, having heard a song composed by Peter, Shvabrin starts a squabble, as a result of which he imagines Maria as a fallen girl and challenges Peter to a duel. The young people decided to invite Lieutenant Ivan Kuzmich as a second. However, he not only refused, but also threatened to tell everything to the captain. Peter had difficulty in promising him to keep the future duel a secret. Despite this, on the day when the battle was supposed to take place, the young people were waylaid by Vasilisa Yegorovna, who, having taken away their swords, ordered them to make peace.

However, as it turned out, the skirmish did not end there. Maria Ivanovna told Peter that Shvabrin proposed to her several months before his arrival, and she refused him. That is why he tells unpleasant things about her person. The essence of this person can be examined in detail by reading a short retelling. “The Captain's Daughter” is a story in which people show, first of all, their true essence, which in normal times is hidden under the mask of visible goodwill.

Pyotr Grinev, not wanting to put up with this state of affairs, decides to punish the impudent man at all costs. The very next day after the conversation described above between former friends a fight takes place on the river bank, as a result of which the main character receives a blow with a sword in the chest, slightly below the shoulder.

Chapter V - Love

In this chapter, the reader can get acquainted with the love story, as far as a brief retelling allows. “The Captain's Daughter” is a work in which the main characters are not so much revolutionaries striving for power, but two young people who are sincerely in love with each other.

The fifth chapter begins from the moment Pyotr Grinev comes to his senses after being wounded just at the moment when the barber was bandaging him. Marya Ivanovna and Savelich did not leave his side until his health returned to normal. On one of these days, left alone with Peter, Mary dared to kiss him on the cheek. Peter, who had not previously hidden his feelings, proposed to her. Maria agreed, but they decided to wait and not tell their parents until the wound young man will not heal completely.

Peter immediately wrote a letter to his parents in which he asked them to give him a blessing. Meanwhile, the wound began to heal, and the young man moved from the commandant’s house to his own apartment. Peter made peace with Shvabrin in the very first days, asking the kind commandant to release him from prison. Shvabrin, when released, admitted he was wrong and apologized.

Peter and Mary have already begun to make plans life together. They had no doubt that the girl’s parents would agree to the marriage, but the letter received from Peter’s father completely ruined their plans. He was categorically against this marriage, and Marya Ivanovna was against marriage without a blessing.

Staying in the commandant’s house after this news became a burden for Pyotr Grinev. The fact that Maria diligently avoided him drove the young man into despair. Sometimes he even thought that Savelich had told his father everything, which caused his displeasure, but the old servant refuted his assumptions by showing him an angry letter in which Andrei Petrovich Grinev threatened to subject him to the hardest work for not reporting what had happened on time. The good-natured old man tried to soften the anger of Andrei Petrovich Grinev, describing in his response letter not only the seriousness of Peter’s injury, but also the fact that he did not report it only because he was afraid to disturb the hostess, who fell ill after receiving this news.

Reading analysis

Having read the above text, the reader can be convinced that the entire meaning inherent in the work by Pushkin has been absorbed in this brief retelling. “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapter 1-5) completely reveals the world to the reader Russian Empire. For most people at that time, the concepts of honor and courage were inseparable, and Pyotr Andreevich Grinev mastered them in to the fullest.

Despite the outbreak of love, the young people did not dare to disobey the will of their parents and tried, if possible, to stop communicating. It is safe to say that if it were not for the rebellion raised by Pugachev, their fate could have turned out completely differently.

Chapter VI - Pugachevism

The political and military situation in the Orenburg province was very unstable. After Ivan Kuzmich received a state letter informing about the escape of the Don Cossack Pugachev, the guards in the fortress became stricter. Rumors began to spread among the Cossacks, which could prompt them to revolt. That is why Ivan Kuzmich began to send scouts to them, informing him about the mood in their ranks.

After a very short period of time, Pugachev’s army began to gain strength, he even wrote a message to Ivan Kuzmich, in which he said that he would soon come to capture his fortress and invited everyone to come over to his side. The unrest was also intensified by the fact that the neighboring Nizhneozersk fortress was taken by Pugachev, and all the commandants who did not submit to him were hanged.

After this message, Ivan Kuzmich insisted that Maria be sent to her godmother in Orenburg under the protection of stone walls and cannons while the remaining people defended the fortress. The girl, who learned about her father’s decision, was extremely upset, and Peter, who saw this, returned after everyone had left to say goodbye to his beloved, promising never to forget her.

Chapter VII - Attack

The events discussed in this chapter are fully described by a brief retelling. “The Captain's Daughter” is a story that shows all the mental torments of the main character, torn between his homeland and his beloved, who is in danger.

The chapter begins with Peter unable to sleep the night before the battle. The news that Pugachev had surrounded the fortress and Maria Ivanovna did not have time to leave it took him by surprise. He hastily joined the people who were preparing to defend the building. Some of the soldiers deserted, and when Pugachev sent the last warning to the defenders of the fortress, there were very few of them left. Ivan Kuzmich ordered his wife and daughter to hide from the battlefield. Despite the fact that the defense of the fortress was heroic, Pugachev captured it without much difficulty, since the forces were unequal.

The face of the rebel taking the oath in the square seemed vaguely familiar to Peter, but he could not remember exactly where he had seen him. He immediately executed everyone who did not want to submit to the leader. What struck the main character most of all was when he saw Shvabrin in the crowd of traitors, who was trying his best to send Peter to the gallows.

Our hero, who was already standing in the noose, was saved by a lucky chance in the form of old man Savelich, who threw himself at Pugachev’s feet and asked for mercy for the master. The rebel pardoned the young man and, as it turned out, not in vain. It was Pugachev who was the very guide who led Peter and Savelich out of the snowstorm, and it was to him that the young man gave his hare sheepskin coat. However, Peter, who had not yet recovered from the first shock, was in for something new: Vasilisa Yegorovna, stripped naked, ran out into the square, cursing the invaders, and when she saw her husband killed by Pugachev, she showered him with curses, in response to which he ordered her execution, and the young Cossack hit her saber to the head.

Chapter XIII - Uninvited Guest

You can fully feel the degree of despair that gripped the main character by reading Pushkin’s complete work or his short retelling. “The Captain's Daughter” chapter by chapter (Pushkin) allows you to significantly speed up the reading time without losing the meaning of the story. This chapter begins with the following moment: Peter stands in the square and watches as the surviving people continued to swear allegiance to Pugachev. After this, the area is empty. Most of all, Pyotr Grinev was worried about the unknown fate of Maria Ivanovna. Inspecting her room, plundered by robbers, he discovered the maid Pasha, who reported that Marya Ivanovna had fled to the priest, where Pugachev was having dinner at that very moment.

Peter immediately went to her house and, having lured the priest, found out that in order to save Mary from the robbers, she called the girl her sick niece. A little reassured, Peter returned home, but was immediately summoned to an appointment with Pugachev. He was still sitting at the priest's side along with his closest officers. Pugachev, like Peter, was amazed at the vicissitudes of fate, which again brought their paths together, because, giving a sheepskin coat to his guide, Peter could not even think that one day he would save his life.

Pugachev asked again whether Peter would swear allegiance to him, but he refused and asked to be released to Orenburg. Since the rebel was in a good mood and was extremely pleased with Peter's honesty, he allowed him to leave the next day.

Chapter IX - Separation

In this chapter, the reader can become familiar with the robbery that Pugachev committed in Rus'. Even a short retelling conveys his actions fully. “The Captain's Daughter” is one of the first works that reveals the whole essence of that era. It shows without embellishment the robbery and devastation that reigned in the cities captured by the gangs of the self-proclaimed sovereign.

The ninth chapter begins with the fact that in the morning Pyotr Grinev comes to the square again. The people hanged the day before are still hanging in nooses, and the commandant’s body was simply carried to the side and covered with matting.

At this time, Pugachev, to the beat of drums, goes out into the street along with all his entourage, in whose ranks Shvabrin stood. Calling Peter to him, he allowed him to leave for Orenburg and announce to the governor that the generals there should prepare for his arrival and surrender in order to avoid bloodshed.

After that, he turned to the people and said that Shvabrin was now appointed commandant of the fortress, he must obey unquestioningly. Peter was horrified, realizing that Maria Ivanovna remained in the hands of a traitor who was angry with her, but so far he could not do anything.

Having made this statement, Pugachev was about to leave, but Savelich approached him with a list of stolen things. The leader, angry, drove him away, however, when Peter said goodbye to Marya Ivanovna, whom he already considered his wife, and he and Savelich moved a sufficient distance away from the fortress, they were caught up by a constable who gave them a horse and a fur coat. He also said that he was also carrying half of the money from their benefactor, which he lost on the road. Despite the fact that neither Peter nor Savelich believed his words, they still gratefully accepted the gift and set off towards Orenburg.

Analysis

The central part of the story allows us to conclude that the life of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev was constantly in danger due to his carelessness. After you analyze the shortest retelling, “The Captain’s Daughter” will no longer be presented as an amusement story, but as a work that should guide young people on the right path and protect them from reckless actions. This is what happened to Pyotr Grinev, who, thanks to his kind and honest disposition, was able to win the respect of even such an unprincipled person as Pugachev.

Chapter X - Siege of the City

After Peter finally arrived in Orenburg, he spoke at a special military meeting about how things were in Pugachev’s army and the Belgorod fortress, and called for the immediate dispatch of troops to disperse the rioters, but his opinion was not supported. It was decided, for the benefit of the safety of the city residents, to withstand the siege, repelling enemy attacks, but the city was completely unprepared for it. Prices immediately rose to the maximum level, there was not enough food for everyone, and famine was brewing in Orenburg.

During this time, Pyotr Andreevich repeatedly made forays among the enemies, exchanging fire with Pugachev’s assistants, but the advantage was almost always on their side, since neither horses nor people experienced a shortage of food. On one of these forays, Peter caught up with a lagging Cossack and was about to kill him, when he recognized him as a police officer who had brought him a horse and a sheepskin coat when he and Savelich were leaving the Belgorod fortress. He, in turn, gave him a letter from Marya Ivanovna, which said that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry and, if she refused, would send her straight to Pugachev. She asked him for 3 days to think and begged Pyotr Andreevich to make every effort to save her, since besides him she no longer had close people. The young man immediately went to the governor of Orenburg, to whom he told about the state of affairs and asked to give him soldiers, promising to release the Belgorod fortress and Maria Ivanovna with them, but the governor refused him.

Chapter XI - Rebellious Freedom

Upset by the governor’s refusal, Peter returned to his apartment and asked Savelich to give him part of the hidden money, and to use the rest without hesitation for his own needs. He prepared to go alone to the Belgorod fortress to save Marya Ivanovna. Despite such a generous gift, Savelich decided to follow him. On the way, they were stopped by Pugachev’s patrolmen, and, despite the fact that Peter managed to slip past them, he could not leave Savelich in their hands and returned back, after which he was also tied up and taken for interrogation to Pugachev.

Left alone with him, Peter asked to release the orphan girl whom Shvabrin was holding captive and demanding that she marry him. The angry Pugachev decided to personally go to the fortress and free the hostage.

Chapter XII - Orphan

When Pugachev drove up to the commandant's house, Shvabrin saw that Peter had arrived with him, he was scared, for a long time he did not want to show the girl to them, citing the fact that she was sick and in delirium tremens, and also that he would not allow strangers to enter the house. to his wife.

However, Pugachev quickly curbed his ardor, declaring that as long as he was the sovereign, everything would be as he decided. Approaching the room where Marya Ivanovna was kept, Shvabrin made another attempt to prevent visitors from visiting her, declaring that he could not find the key, but Pugachev simply knocked down the doors.

A sad sight greeted their eyes. Marya Ivanovna, pale and disheveled, was sitting in a simple peasant dress on the floor, and next to her lay a piece of bread and water. It turned out that the girl was not going to give Shvabrin her consent to the marriage, and his deception greatly angered Pugachev, who, however, being in a complacent mood, decided to pardon him this time. Peter, who once again risked resorting to Pugachev’s mercy, asked to be released with Marya Ivanovna on all four sides and, having received approval, began to prepare for the road. And Maria went to say goodbye to her murdered parents.

Chapter XIII - Arrest

A brief retelling of the story “The Captain's Daughter” allows us to assess the strength of Pugachev’s influence at that time. Thanks to the safe conduct that he issued to Pyotr Grinev, he and Maria passed through all the oncoming posts without any problems until they were captured by the sovereign’s soldiers, who mistook him for an enemy. Imagine Peter’s surprise when it turned out that the commander of the soldiers turned out to be Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, the same one to whom he lost 100 rubles in billiards. They decided to send Maria along with Savelich to Peter's parents. The young man himself had to stay and continue with Zurin the campaign against the robber Pugachev. Maria immediately agreed with his proposal, and old Savelich, being stubborn, agreed to accompany her and take care of her as his future mistress.

Peter began his duties in Zurin’s regiment and even received his first leave, which he planned to spend with his loved ones. But suddenly Zurin came to his apartment with a letter in which he ordered to arrest Peter, wherever he was, and to transfer him for investigation in the Pugachev case.

Despite the fact that the young man’s conscience was clear, and he was not afraid of being accused of a crime, the thought that he would not see his family and Maria for several more months poisoned his existence.

Chapter XIV - Judgment

A brief retelling of the work “The Captain's Daughter” (Chapter 14) continues with the fact that Peter was taken to Kazan, completely destroyed by Pugachev, in custody. He was put in chains as a criminal and the very next day they began to interrogate him with the participation of a commission. Peter indignantly rejected all the accusations and told the commission his version of the events that happened.

Despite the fact that the judges began to gain confidence in Peter’s story, after the speech of Shvabrin, who was also arrested and told the commission about Peter’s espionage activities for the benefit of Pugachev, his affairs, already unimportant, deteriorated significantly. Peter was taken to a cell and was no longer called in for interrogation.

The rumor of his arrest struck the entire family, who were imbued with sincere love for Marya Ivanovna. Andrei Petrovich Grinev received a letter from his relative in which he reported that the evidence of his son’s treason against the Motherland turned out to be too thorough, but thanks to his influence, it was decided to replace the execution with exile to Siberia.

Despite the fact that Peter’s relatives were inconsolable, Marya Ivanovna did not lose her presence of mind and decided to go to St. Petersburg in order to seek help from the most influential people. She arrived in Sofia and, stopping near the royal court, told one young lady her story, asking the empress to put in a good word for her. Despite the fact that at first the young lady did not believe her story, the more Maria Ivanovna told her the details, the more favorable the lady became towards her, promising to put in a good word for her before the empress.

As soon as the girl returned to her room, which she was renting, a carriage was brought to the house, and the chamberlain announced that the empress was demanding her to the court. Appearing in front of the empress, the girl recognized her as the same lady with whom she had recently spoken and asked for help, she gave her a letter to her future father-in-law and said that Peter would be completely acquitted. To celebrate, Marya Ivanovna immediately went to the village, not staying in St. Petersburg for a single day.

Let's sum it up

Many will agree that one of the best works, which Pushkin wrote - “The Captain's Daughter”. A brief retelling of the previous chapters fully shows the hopelessness of the protagonist’s situation. Having managed to avoid most of the dangers and delivered his beloved to a safe place, under the protection of his parents, Pyotr Grinev finds himself in very difficult situation, as a result of which he could be recognized as a traitor to the Motherland and even executed.

If it were not for the dedication of the young girl, who was not afraid to appear before the queen asking for mercy, the current situation for Pyotr Grinev would not have ended in the best way.

Epilogue

Reading a brief retelling of the story “The Captain's Daughter” chapter by chapter, we were able to fully understand the atmosphere of that time.

Despite the fact that the notes of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev end there, it is known that he was completely acquitted and released, was present at the execution of Pugachev and still married Maria Ivanovna, with whom he lived happily until his death, carefully keeping the queen’s letter sent to him to my father.

The whole essence of the story is conveyed regardless of whether you read the entire story or just a brief retelling of it. "The Captain's Daughter", conveyed chapter by chapter, allows us to examine in detail how the life of the main character turned out, without prejudice to the meaning of the story. The selfless young man did not bow under the blows of fate, enduring with due courage all the misfortunes that befell him.

Without a doubt, the whole meaning that Pushkin put into his creation can be fully conveyed even by a very short retelling. “The Captain's Daughter” still remains a work that makes people proud. These are the heroes who faithfully serve their Fatherland.