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Chapter 1.
Bulba, a Cossack ataman, met his two sons - Ostap and Andriy, who had returned from the seminary. Appearance The two young men were amused by their father, and he began to ridicule the long scrolls of the seminarians. Finally, the eldest could not stand it and said that if the father laughed, he might beat him. The old man accepted the challenge, and father and son began to recklessly punch each other. Bulba expressed pride in his eldest son.
The mother stood up for the youngest, not allowing him to enter the fight. After this, the father called his son a little bastard and ordered him never to listen to the woman. Taras decided to send his sons in a week to the Zaporozhye Sich so that they could become real men.
On the occasion of the arrival of his sons, Bulba summoned the centurions and the entire regimental rank. During the feast, the old man changed his mind and announced that he was going to Zaporozhye straight to next morning.
Characteristics of Taras Bulba in the first chapter .
Taras- “one of the indigenous, old colonels: he was all created for abusive alarm and was distinguished by the rude directness of his character” . This man, a deeply religious man, considered it permissible to raise arms for the glory of Christianity.
While her sons were sleeping, the mother combed their curls and silently suffered because tomorrow she would have to part with her children. Seeing her husband only two or three days a year, this woman turned all her love to them. She was afraid that she would never see her sons alive again.
Chapter 2.
The next morning Taras and two young Cossacks left the house. The riders were silent: each thought about his own. Both boys were sent to the seminary at the age of twelve. Ostap disliked teaching and pawned his textbook four times in order to run home. He was mercilessly flogged and returned back. Finally, Bulba promised him that if he did not learn all the sciences, he would never return to the Sich. The threat had an effect - the boy sat down to his textbooks and even succeeded.
He was a tough guy with a strong character. He was indifferent to everything except war and riotous revelry. His younger brother Andriy had a lighter disposition. He had no difficulty in learning. He himself more than once became the leader of dangerous enterprises and often, with the help of his resourceful mind, was able to avoid punishment for this. Andriy was seething with a thirst for achievement, but he was also attracted to the fair sex.
He soon made acquaintance with the governor's daughter, a beautiful Pole. The girl captured the student’s heart so much that even at home he could not get rid of thoughts about her.
For three days the riders rode across the steppe, taking only short breaks for lunch and rest, until they finally saw several scattered kurens and rode out onto a vast area.
The Cossacks joyfully greeted the new arrivals, telling Bulba latest news about battles and Cossacks.
Chapter 3.
Description of the Sich.
The Cossacks did not bother themselves with studying military affairs. The youth learned this science right on the battlefield. Sich “represented an extraordinary phenomenon... a continuous feast, a ball that began noisily and lost its end.” Everyone who gets here “I didn’t care about my past and carefreely indulged in free will and camaraderie” .
It was enough to say that you believe in Christ, and you were received here like an old friend. The Sich consisted of approximately sixty kurens. The household was run by the kuren ataman, who had all the money, clothes, grub, etc. in his hands. The money was given to him for safekeeping.
Quite soon, the sons of Taras found themselves in good standing with the Cossacks, which pleased Bulba. However, the old man did not like an idle life.
Koshevoy did not agree to raid Tatarva. Then Taras persuaded several Cossacks, and they replaced the Koschevoi at the general meeting.
Chapter 4.
The very next day, the Cossacks again gathered the Sich to think about how to circumvent their promise of non-aggression and fight.
From the other bank of the Dniester a ferry arrived with a crowd of Cossacks in tattered scrolls. Visitors began to say that the Jews were trampling Orthodox faith, they rent churches, and harness Christians to carts instead of horses.
Unrest began in the ranks of the Cossacks. Everyone was outraged by the behavior of the Jews. The crowd rushed to the outskirts of the Sich, where Jewish traders could be found, with the intention of immediately slaughtering everyone.
The Cossacks were ready for war. At the general meeting they decided to go straight to Poland.
Chapter 5.
Soon fear spread throughout the Polish southwest. The Cossacks brutally dealt with the Poles. Even old people, women and children often became victims of the Cossacks. Along with everyone else, Ostap and Andriy fought. The eldest fought with a composure uncharacteristic of a twenty-two year old. Taras dreamed that over time he would become a good colonel. Andriy, who perceived war as something like music, “did not know what it meant to think or calculate.” He always rushed into the very thick of events and with his recklessness and daring alone, and with his frantic onslaught, he brought great confusion into the ranks of his opponents.
Approaching the city of Dubno, the Cossacks decided to take it by storm. However, not only men came out to defend the city, but also everyone who could help in any way in the battle. The Cossacks had to retreat.
However, they surrounded the city on all sides, devastating its surroundings. Taras's sons got bored.
One day, Aidriy accidentally discovered a Tatar woman making her way late at night through the Cossacks' camp. He recognized her as the servant of the young lady with whom he had fallen in love as a student in Kyiv. The Tatarka said that the lady herself and her father are in the city, they are starving. The girl noticed Andriy from the city embankment and sent a maid to ask him for bread. The Tatar woman left the city through an underground passage.
The young Cossack took food from the cart that belonged to his kuren and went with the Tatar woman to underground entrance. On the way they were stopped by sleepy Taras. Seeing that there was a woman next to his son, he warned him.
Chapter 6.
The Cossack entered the city through an underground passage. Outside the city walls, hunger reigned. Bodies of dead or dying people lay everywhere. The maid started young man to one of the houses where he met his old love. The feelings of the young people flared up with renewed vigor. Andriy confessed his love to the lady, vowing that for her sake he would renounce everything in the world - the Cossacks, his parents, his homeland. Then a maid ran into the room and shouted that “ours” had entered the city and brought food.
The fact is that the Pereyaslavsky kuren, located in front of the side city gates, was dead drunk, so the troops were able to enter the city almost unhindered. When the Cossacks of other kurens came to their senses, the last convoys were already in the city.
Chapter 7
Koshevoy gathered the Cossacks to discuss everything that was happening. The Cossacks promised to beat the enemy even more furiously. Leaving for his regiment, Taras was surprised that he did not see Andriy there. He was not among those killed, and he would not have been captured alive. Bulba was brought out of his thoughts by the merchant Yankel, who reported that he had seen Andriy in the city. He also said that Taras’s son was not in poverty: the governor gave him the best horse and uniform, i.e. Andriy became a real lord. For a long time Bulba did not believe that Andriy voluntarily went over to the enemy side. Yankel also told the reason for the young man’s transition to the Poles - he spoke about the beautiful lady. The Jew also conveyed the words of Andriy that he would renounce the Cossacks and would fight against them. Out of rage, Taras almost hacked the merchant to death on the spot, but he managed to escape.
Bulba remembered that in last time I saw Andriy next to a woman. The chieftain, still not believing in his son’s betrayal, led his regiment into an ambush - the next attack on the city was being prepared.
The Cossacks lined up under the walls of the besieged city and began to tease the Poles with caustic remarks. Buckshot thundered from the shaft. The Cossacks moved aside. The gates opened, and the governor himself rode out at the head of the Polish army. The battle began, in which Ostap again proved himself to be a brave fighter. Even the Koshevoi praised his son Taras. After the end of the battle, Bulba thought for a long time about why Andriy was not visible in the enemy ranks: either his son was ashamed to go against his own, or the Jew deceived him.
Chapter 8.
In the morning news came that the Tatars, taking advantage of the absence of the Cossacks, robbed the Sich. It was the custom of the Cossacks to pursue the kidnappers to the last, to rescue the prisoners, since they could soon end up in the slave markets of Asia Minor. The Koshevoy was in favor of immediately setting off in pursuit. However, Taras was against such a decision. He reminded the Cossacks that the Poles also captured many Cossacks, who were also waiting for help from their comrades. The Cossacks hesitated.
As a result, they decided to split up. Koshevoy and part of the army went after the Tatars, and Bulba was put in charge among those who remained.
Taras saw that despondency was beginning to take hold of his army, and he ordered the Cossacks to be treated to good old wine.
Chapter 9
No one in the city knew that some of the Cossacks had gone after the Tatars, and the besieged perceived the movement in the enemy camp as just another military maneuver.
The Poles made a sortie, and many of them were immediately killed by the Cossacks. However, the survivors found out that the enemy army had decreased. Taras gathered the Cossacks and gave them a speech that for a real Cossack there is nothing more sacred than comradeship. No one can even die more worthily than a Cossack devoted to comradeship.
Another battle began. The Cossacks began to lose, but the Cossacks fought hard. One by one, both ordinary Cossacks and atamans left. Suddenly the gates of the city opened, and a hussar regiment flew out. The most daring knight rushed ahead of everyone. Taras recognized him as his son Andriy. The same one, not noticing anything, carried away by the heat of battle, chopped his own men left and right. Bulba ordered to lure his son to the forest. There Taras grabbed the reins of the horse with his strong hand.
“Andriy looked around: Taras was in front of him! He shook all over and suddenly became pale..."
Taras began to ask whether the Poles helped his son. Andriy could not answer; he stood neither alive nor dead in front of his father. Taras, saying that he himself gave birth to him and would kill him himself, took the gun off his shoulder. Andriy stood as pale as a sheet and only repeated the name of the beautiful Polish woman. Bulba fired. The young man fell as if knocked down.
After what happened, Taras only regretted that the good Cossack had disappeared like a mean dog. When Ostap suggested burying his brother, the ataman did not allow it to be done. He said that even without them there would be mourners.
Meanwhile the battle continued. The best of the Cossacks perished. Bulba and Ostap rushed into battle again. Six Poles attacked the young man at once. He fought back as best he could, but he didn’t have enough strength, and Ostap was tied up. They took him prisoner. Taras wanted to help his son, but lost consciousness.
Chapter 10.
When he woke up, Bulba discovered that he was seriously wounded, and learned that his old friend Tovkach had been taking him to Sich for two weeks. Taras remembered that his son had been taken prisoner by the Poles, then he tore off the bandages from his wounds and lost consciousness again. old friend, like on a child, he straightened his bandages, tied him into splints and rushed on, wanting to bring Bulba to Zaporozhye, even though he was still alive. Already in the Sich, Tovkach found Taras a healer who fed the warrior with herbs. After a month and a half, the chieftain was on his feet. The Sich became another. Many old Cossacks died: both those who remained with Bulba and those who went after the Tatar. The old chieftain greatly missed his son. Finally, he decided to go to Poland himself to find out about Ostap’s fate.
A week later, Bulba was in the city of Uman, where his old acquaintance Yankel lived. Taras, showing the money, persuaded the Jew to take him in a cart under bricks to Warsaw.
Chapter 11.
Yankel brought Bulba to a small Jewish street. The merchant learned that Ostap was in the city dungeon. Yankel promised the chieftain to arrange a meeting with his son. Three more Jews gathered in the room where Taras was, and they began to discuss something in their own language. The Zaporozhian Cossack offered them money and gold in exchange for his son's escape from prison. The Jews decided to ask the old Jew Mordecai for advice. They told Taras to lock himself in the house and not let anyone in, and they themselves went outside. There they shouted something in their own language for a long time until they finally entered the room. The old Jew told Taras: “When we and God want to do it, it will be as it should be,” which calmed Bulba a little.
The chieftain waited all day. When the Jews returned, it became clear that the escape had failed, since the prison was surrounded by troops, and the execution was scheduled for the next day. However, Yankel promised to still arrange a date. Taras had to dress up as a foreign count and go to the right place early in the morning.
Bulba blacked out his mustache and eyebrows, put a small dark cap on the crown of his head, and no one would recognize this thirty-five-year-old man as an old chieftain. Yankel took Taras to prison, but he spoke to the haiduk and showed imprudence. The Pole suspected him of being a Cossack. The situation was saved by Yankel, who gave money to the guard, but the meeting still did not take place.
Taras decided to go to the square to watch his son being executed. Ostap was the first to be taken to the place of execution. The young Cossack passed all the tests with honor. Even cruel torture could not extract a scream or a groan from him. Bulba stood among the crowd, head down, and repeated: “Good, son, good!”
Only during his last mortal pangs did Ostap exclaim: “Father! where are you? Can you hear?
Suddenly, in the midst of general silence, a voice rang out: “I hear you.”
The military began to examine the crowd. The pale Yankel looked back, but Taras was no longer near him.
Chapter 12.
The entire Sich has gathered under the leadership of Taras Bulba, the Cossacks are marching towards Poland. The Polish garrisons fled. The Taras regiment was distinguished by the greatest ferocity and cruelty. Only fire and the gallows awaited his enemies. When peace was concluded with the Poles. Bulba alone did not agree to pacify his hatred. Together with his regiment, where everyone dissatisfied with the shameful truce had gathered, he walked around Poland, plundering and burning the richest castles.
Hetman Pototsky was tasked with capturing Taras Bulba. The Poles overtook Bulba at the very steepest point near the Dniester River. The chieftain ordered the Cossacks to break through the ranks. The Cossacks made their way, but as he ran, Taras’s cradle of tobacco fell out. The Cossack stopped to look for his faithful companion and was captured by a gang of Poles. The Poles decided to burn Taras alive at the stake. They immediately found a tall tree. They pulled the Cossack with iron chains to a tree post, nailed Bulba’s hands, pulling him higher so that everyone could see them. They began to build a fire. However, Taras did not think about himself. He looked at the battlefield that was in front of him, clearly in the palm of his hand. Taras looked to where the retreating Cossacks were shooting back.
Bulba saw that four sterns were approaching the shore, and loudly shouted at the top of his lungs for his comrades to retreat to the river. The Cossacks heard and followed the ataman’s advice. They rode straight off the cliff onto their horses into the Dniester. Only two died before reaching the water. The rest managed to escape. Seeing that the Cossacks were already in their canoes, Taras was delighted and shouted so that they would remember him and every spring the Cossacks would come for a walk in Poland. Then he addressed his tormentors:
“Wait, the time will come, the time will come, you will find out what the Orthodox Russian faith is!”
The fire shot up from the fire, engulfing the prisoner's legs. The Cossacks sailed quickly on narrow canoes, talking about their chieftain.
The sons of Taras Bulba, Ostap and Andriy, return after many years training in Kyiv Bursa. Upon meeting, Taras begins to mock his sons’ clothes. The eldest son, Ostap, did not like his father’s ridicule, and he asks him to stop laughing. Taras and Ostap begin to fight. Their playful fight is interrupted by their mother. She hugs her children. Taras did not like the tender attitude of his sons towards their mother. In his opinion, a true Cossack needs only an open field and a good horse. He decides that in a week Ostap and Andriy will have to go to the Zaporozhye Sich to gain Cossack science. The mother is very upset that her sons will spend so little time at home next to her. On the occasion of the arrival of his sons, Taras convenes his closest colleagues for a friendly feast. He introduces Ostap and Andriy to them. Taras asks his sons about their studies in Kyiv. After drinking vodka, Taras decides to “kick back the old days” and go to the Zaporozhye Sich with his sons tomorrow. Taras’s wife has long been accustomed to her husband’s extravagance, but such a quick separation from her children saddens her to tears. All night, without closing her eyes for a minute, she sits by her sons’ beds, thus saying goodbye to them before their inevitable separation. Her fate as a woman was not easy. She endured insults and even sometimes beatings, and grew old without love and affection. All her unspent love turned to her sons. But tomorrow their husband will take them to the flogging, and it may happen that she will never see them again. Taras was terribly stubborn. Only in the 15th century, in the scorched southern region devastated by the raids of the Tatars and Turks, could such a character arise. In the vicinity of formidable and dangerous neighbors, the Cossack spirit was born. The Cossacks can be considered the most extraordinary phenomenon of Russian power. In place of scattered small towns and allotments, formidable smoking villages and Cossack villages arose, bound by hatred of non-Christians. The Polish authorities quickly realized the significance of such a neighborhood and in every possible way encouraged and flattered the Cossacks. Many representatives of the Russian nobility succumbed to Polish influence. They adopted Polish customs and love of luxury. Taras Bulba did not like this. Was after his heart simple life Cossacks He even quarreled with his comrades, who leaned towards the Polish side. He called them the master's slaves. Bulba sincerely considered himself a legitimate defender of Orthodoxy. If in some village they complained about the oppression of Jewish tenants, mocked Orthodoxy, and did not respect the elders, Taras and his Cossacks restored order in this village. Against the Turks and Tatars, he considered it permissible to raise weapons. Now he consoled himself with the thought of coming to the fray and boasting about his sons, what kind and efficient Cossacks he raised and educated them. And in the morning Bulba, waking up very early, began to prepare for departure. The former students changed into trousers and Cossacks. After sitting in front of the road, Taras asks his mother to bless her sons. When they set off on the road, the mother, as if mad with grief, rushed to hug first Ostap and then Andriy. She was taken into the hut by servants, and her sons could hardly hold back their tears. Taras was also embarrassed, but did not show his condition to his sons.
Taras, Ostap and Andriy rode in silence, each thinking about his own. The old father recalled the past, thinking about the upcoming meeting in the battle. The sons remembered the bursa. Ostap fled from it in the first year of study. When he was returned to the bursa, he was terribly flogged and forced to study. He even buried his primer four times, they whipped him and bought a new textbook. Only when Taras promised to keep him in the monastery service for 20 years did Ostap begin to study with unusual zeal. He was rarely the leader of the daring pranks of schoolchildren, but he was a devoted friend and never betrayed his friends. His younger brother, Andriy, studied willingly, and he did not shy away from leadership in school squabbles. But unlike Ostap, he was more cunning, and most often others were responsible for the tricks, and he, as a rule, “got away unscathed.” Already at the age of 18, Andriy dreamed of women, but did not admit his desires to his friends, fearing their ridicule. Now, rocking in the saddle, on the way to the battle, Andria remembered a meeting with a beautiful Polish woman. Once, while walking around Kyiv, Andria was almost hit by a Polish gentleman's car. The coachman hit the unwary student with his whip, then Andriy boiled with rage and stopped the carriage with one hand on the wheel. But the horses rushed, and he fell face first into a muddy puddle. That’s when he made the unfamiliar beauty laugh. It is this meeting and the face of the beautiful Polish woman that Andriy cannot forget. He even dared to sneak into her bedroom through the chimney. But he was so shy at the meeting that he only made her laugh again. Andriy thought about this beautiful Pole on the way to the Zaporozhye Sich. They drove through the steppe for a long time, stopping only for lunch and overnight. We ate bread and lard for lunch and cooked kulesh over a fire before going to bed. During the journey they did not meet a single traveler or horseman. Only once did Taras point out to his sons a flashing black dot, saying that it was a Tatar who had galloped by. Having crossed the Dnieper, they entered the battlefield. She met them peacefully, some were sewing up their shirts, some were dashingly dancing the hopak, some were simply sleeping. Soon Taras found his old acquaintances.
Taras and his sons lived in the battle for almost a week. Ostap and Andriy practiced little military art; the slaughter educated the Cossacks through the experience of battles. The Zaporozhye Sich was a continuous feast, noisy and endless. But it was not bitter drunkards walking here, but cheerful, carefree Cossacks. This was a close circle of comrades who, at the first call, went to fight the enemy. The Sich was a kind of refuge for outcasts. Schoolchildren who had escaped from the Bursa and from the landowners, serfs, officers who did not care where to fight, as well as hunters flocked to it. big money. Only admirers of women could not be found here, since women did not dare to show themselves in battle. The reception ceremony was simple; only Orthodox Christians were accepted into the flogging. Everything was common here - money, food, clothing. Theft was considered a dishonorable act, and murder was punished terribly - the murderer was buried alive in the same grave as the murdered man. Ostap and Andriy easily fit into the Cossack riotous sea. They liked the cheerful customs of the battle, and even its harsh and strict laws. The brothers quickly made friends. Soon they stood out noticeably among the young Cossacks for their daring and dexterity. Taras did not particularly like such an idle life. He was thinking about a brave enterprise in which his sons would gain military experience. But the Sich concluded peace treaties with the Turks and Tatars, and could not break them. The Koshevoy Ataman, the head of the Cossack Sich, was against the outbreak of war. Then Taras incited some of the Cossacks to revolt. The Cossacks re-elected the Kosh Ataman. Bulba’s old friend, the Cossack Kirdyaga, became the new koshev.
Kirdyaga was a cunning and seasoned Cossack. He did not himself order the Cossacks to break their peace vows. At his instigation, part of the Cossacks convened a general meeting and decided to make a military attack on the Turks. While preparations were underway, a ferry approached the shore. The Cossacks who arrived on it began to shame the revelers of Zaporozhye. After all, while they are having fun and drinking here, in their native Ukraine the Poles are oppressing Orthodox Christians. At such words the whole crowd rose up as one. Pogroms and murders of Jews began. Taras saved one of his Jew acquaintances, Yankel, from death. The Cossacks began to prepare for a campaign against the Poles.
The Zaporozhye army went to war with the Poles. And ahead of him was fear. Fires engulfed villages and cattle and horses were stolen. The Cossacks burned Catholic monasteries and killed Jewish tenants. Young Cossacks shunned robberies and murders of the weak. They honed their military skills in battles with Polish troops. Ostap and Andriy quickly matured and became hardened in battles with enemies. Bulba was very proud of his sons' successes. Ostap, as it seemed to Taras, was destined to become a commander, fearless and judicious. Andriy amazed his father with his reckless prowess in battle. Soon the Cossacks decided to storm the rich city of Dubno, but met fierce resistance from the inhabitants and garrison. The Cossacks retreated, besieged the city and began looting the surrounding villages. Soon the siege became boring for the Cossacks, especially the young ones. Discipline began to decline, and drunken patrolmen could be seen more and more often. One evening, a servant of a Polish lady, a Kyiv acquaintance of Andria, sneaked into the Cossack camp by a secret passage. She saw him among Cossack army and sent a maid to him for food, since supplies ran out in the city and hunger began, from which the mother of the beautiful Pole was dying. Andriy collected food and went with his Tatar servant to the besieged city.
Having passed through an underground passage, Andriy and his maid entered the city. Hunger reigned in the city, people were dying of exhaustion, even cats and dogs were caught and eaten. The townspeople did not have the habit of keeping large supplies of food. The city was ready to surrender, but the townspeople were warned that help was coming to them. Andriy met with his Kyiv friend. The Polish woman was so beautiful that Andriy fell in love with her, so much so that he was ready to do the craziest thing. For the sake of her love, he betrayed his homeland, father, brother and friends. That night not only the terrible betrayal of Andriy Bulba took place. Reinforcements arrived in the city, breaking through the Cossack siege. They brought with them not only food, but also captured Cossacks.
The Cossacks, bored with nothing to do, got drunk on patrol and missed reinforcements to the Poles. Koshevoy gathered an army and scolded the Cossacks for drunkenness. One of the Kurenny atamans promised to beat the Poles. The Cossacks began to prepare for battle. And Taras could not find Andriy anywhere, worrying that he could be captured. Yankel, a Jewish acquaintance, approached him. He told Bulba that he went to the city and saw his youngest son there. Yankel told Taras that Andriy was not in captivity there. He asked to tell his father that he was renouncing his homeland, comrades and father. Now Andriy will fight against his comrades. Soon a sortie of besieged Poles took place. The Cossacks bravely repelled the attack. Ostap distinguished himself in battle. After the battle, the Cossacks of the Uman kuren chose Ostap as their chieftain, instead of the kuren who died in battle. Taras was proud of his eldest son, but his heart ached for his youngest.
Sad news came from the battle. Having heard about the absence of the Cossacks from Zaporozhye, the Tatars raided. Having beaten the Cossacks remaining in the kurens and taken them prisoner, they stole cattle and horses, and also took away the military treasury. The Cossacks hastily assembled a council to solve the problem. After all, if they do not rush to the rescue, the Tatars will sell the prisoners into captivity. Koshevoy decided to lift the siege of Dubno and go to recapture the prisoners and the treasury. But Taras was against this plan. He says that in the besieged city there are also captured Cossacks who are threatened with torture and death. Then they decided that part of the Cossack army, led by the Kosh chieftain, would go to rescue their comrades and the treasury from Tatar captivity, and the rest, having chosen Taras Bulba as a temporary chieftain, would continue the siege of Dubno. At night, some of the Cossacks go in search of the Tatars. After parting, the Cossacks became depressed, but Taras ordered the wine to be unpacked. The Cossacks drank to their faith and flogged them.
The city ran out of provisions again. The Poles tried to make a sortie for food, but the Cossacks killed half of them, the other half returned to the city empty-handed. The Jews, taking advantage of the foray, made their way into the Cossack camp and learned about the Cossacks who had gone to the Tatars. They immediately spread this news in the city. The Poles perked up and began to prepare for battle; they decided to lift the siege, killing the Cossacks. Taras, seeing the revival in the city, began hastily preparing the Cossacks for battle. He makes a speech that inspires the Cossacks. The battle was terrible and cruel. Many good Cossacks laid down their lives for their faith and fatherland. In this battle, Taras Bulba killed his son Andriy. “I gave birth to you, I will kill you,” Taras said. But even before his death, Andriy whispered the name of his Polish girl. But the brave and honest Ostap was captured.
In that last battle, Taras also suffered quite a bit. He spent two whole weeks in feverish delirium. He miraculously managed to escape capture. Faithful comrade Tovkach brought Taras to the flogging almost alive, and even found a doctor. Only a month later Taras felt better. But his soul was heavy because of Ostap. And not everything was in order in the battle. Everyone he knew died or was captured. And those Cossacks who went with the Koshevoy to the Tatars, and those who stayed with him near Dubno. Taras missed his son so much that he could not stand it and decided to find out about Ostap’s fate. He found the Jew Yankel and for 5 thousand gold pieces he persuaded him to take him to Warsaw.
Arriving in Warsaw, Yankel and Taras stayed with Yankel’s acquaintances. Bulba, hoping that Yankel’s acquaintances will help him arrange a date with his son, asks them for this favor. Taras even hopes to arrange Ostap's escape. Dressed in rich count clothes, Taras goes on a date with his son. Through bribery and flattery, he and Yankel manage to get into prison, but even after taking the money, the guard basely deceived them and did not let them see Ostap. Then Taras decides to go to the square to at least look at his son from afar. A large crowd of people gathered in the square where the execution took place. Everyone was waiting for the execution to begin. Before execution, prisoners were subjected to severe torture. Ostap bravely endured all the inhuman torment. Taras was proud of his son’s perseverance. And when Ostap called his father before his death, Taras loudly responded to his son’s call. They tried to find Taras in the crowd, but he disappeared safely.
The entire Cossacks rose up to fight the Polish invaders. One hundred and twenty thousand troops marched against the Poles. Among this army there was one regiment. The most selective. They were commanded by Taras Bulba. Bulba was driven by a fierce hatred of his enemies. The Cossacks, liberating cities, hanged traitors. The Poles tried to conclude a peace agreement with the Cossacks, promising them the return of their former rights and benefits. The crown hetman was saved from death by the Russian clergy. Only the Cossacks bowed their heads before the Christian Church. And they agreed to release the Poles, taking oaths from them to forget previous grievances against the Cossack army and leave them free Christian churches. Only Taras Bulba did not believe the oaths of the Poles and urged other Cossacks not to believe either. But the Cossacks did not listen to Taras and signed peace terms. Then Bulba left the army and took his regiment away. The Poles really deceived the Cossacks and killed the chieftain and many colonels. And Taras burned churches and settlements throughout Poland, plundered rich castles and best lands. No one could be saved from the righteous Cossack wrath, neither women nor children. Taras celebrated cruel funerals for Ostap throughout Poland. Hetman Potocki himself was instructed by the king to deal with Bulba. For ten days the Cossacks evaded the pursuit and fought with the Polish troops. The Cossacks broke through the Polish army, only Bulba returned to look for the dropped pipe. That's when he was captured. And they decided to burn Taras alive, in front of everyone. Bulba died, but his comrades were able to escape.
That's how it is summary story " Taras Bulba» N.V. Gogol.
Good luck with your studies!
(reads about 5 minutes) Taras Bulba is an elderly Cossack, the father of two sons. His children, Ostap and Andriy, studied at the Kyiv Academy. After its completion, they returned to their home. The young people, strong, strong and healthy, look embarrassed: the father chuckles at their clothes. But Ostap, the eldest son, does not intend to tolerate such an attitude. Taras and his son are seriously fighting. The mother, a kind old lady, calms her husband down. He is glad that Ostap turned out to be a real Cossack. Taras Bulba wants to test his youngest son, but Andriy is already in the arms of his mother.
The old Cossack convenes the regiments and centurions to say: he intends to send his children to the Zaporozhye Sich. After all, for a real Cossack there is no more useful science than Sech! He wants to introduce the children to his friends in person. It’s not easy for a mother: the time has come to part with her beloved sons, who have just arrived home. The mother spends the night sitting over the sleeping Ostap and Andriy, and in the morning she cannot tear herself away from them, but still finds the strength to bless the children.
Taras Bulba and his children are riding horseback. Everyone thinks about his own things, everyone is silent. Taras remembers his wild youth, tears appear in his eyes. Ostap, who became stern and firm during his studies, cannot indifferently remember saying goodbye to his mother: he has a kind heart by nature. Andriy remembers not only his mother and home, but also a beautiful Polish girl. The Cossack met her shortly before leaving Kyiv. Desperate Andriy made his way into the Polish woman’s bedroom through the chimney. So that no one would see him, the young woman covered her guest. When the threat had passed, the Polish maid took Andriy out into the street. Then he saw the beautiful lady in the church. How can you not remember such meetings!
The road turns out to be long, but after arriving at the place, the sons of Taras plunge into a riotous life: the Cossacks only gain combat experience during battles, and on their free days they drink and have fun. Taras Bulba does not approve of this, because brave prowess should not be wasted on empty entertainment. The old Cossack figures out how to distract the Cossacks and persuades them to choose a new Koschevoy. He decides to go to Poland.
After some time, throughout the southwest of Poland, people were gripped by fear of the Cossacks. The Cossacks, including Ostap and Andriy, mature in battle. One of the first cities on the way is Dubno. It has a rich treasury. Residents of the city and the garrison resist the Cossacks, but the Cossacks besiege the fortress. They burn houses and spoil crops. Taras Bulba asks the young people to wait: hot fights will begin soon.
One night, Andriy, awakened by the maid of a beautiful Polish woman, learns that the lady is in Dubno. Her mother is dying, and the young woman begs for help. Her lover goes to the city with several bags of bread and, having met the lady, renounces his family and his homeland. Now his Fatherland is a beautiful Pole. Meanwhile, Poles appear in the city. They kill and capture the Cossacks, and the survivors decide to continue the siege. Taras Bulba learns about his son's betrayal. The Sich is also going through difficult times: those who remained in Zaporozhye were attacked by the Tatars. Half of the fighters have to return. Taras becomes the head of the siege army. He talks about the power of camaraderie, and this speech inspires the Cossacks.
The Polish army learns that the enemy has weakened and decides to attack. Andriy finds himself among the Poles. The Cossacks, having received the order of Taras Bulba, lure him to the forest. The father kills Andriy, who even in the face of death remembers only the lady. The Poles defeat the Cossacks, the eldest son of Taras Bulba is captured. Taras is wounded and taken to the Zaporozhye Sich. But, having barely recovered, the old Cossack turns to the Jew Yankel. Through bribery and threats, he forces him to secretly send him to Warsaw. Taras Bulba hopes to buy out Ostap. Hopes are not destined to come true: the son is tortured in the square. Only one exclamation escapes from his chest - an appeal to his father. The father responds from the crowd and quickly disappears.
More than one hundred thousand Cossacks rise against Poland. Ataman Taras and his regiment are among them. He does not spare anyone, he takes revenge for Ostap. The Hetman of Poland was defeated. He vows never to go against the Cossacks. Colonel Bulba is not satisfied with such a world: the forgiven Poles will probably not keep their word. And the old Cossack turns out to be right: the next attack by the Poles ends in the defeat of the Cossacks. Meanwhile, Bulba's regiment destroys the Poles without pity. After many unsuccessful attempts, the hetman's regiments overtake Taras Bulba. The battle continues for four days. The Cossacks who survived escape the pursuit, but the colonel stops to find the lost cradle. The Poles take him prisoner, tie him to a tree and burn him. Dying, Taras shows the Cossacks the way to the river. At the last moment of his life, he sees how his old comrades are leaving the pursuit, and thinks about their future victories.
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Interesting? Save it on your wall!Chapter 3
The Sich was a “continuous feast.” There were artisans and merchants and traders there, but most walked from morning to evening. On Khortitsa there were those who never studied or dropped out of the academy, and there were also learned Cossacks, there were fugitive officers and partisans. All these people were united by faith in Christ and love for their native land.
Ostap and Andriy quickly became imbued with the atmosphere that reigned there and joined that environment. The father did not like this - he wanted his sons to be hardened in battle, so he was thinking about how to raise the Sich for such an event. This leads to a quarrel with the Koshevoy, who does not want to start a war. Taras Bulba was not used to things not going his way: he planned to take revenge on the Koshevoi. He persuades his comrades to get the others drunk so that they overthrow the Koschevoy. Bulba’s plan works - Kirdyaga, an old but wise Cossack, Taras Bulba’s comrade in arms, is elected as the new Koshevoy.
Chapter 4
Taras Bulba communicates with the new Koshevoy about the military campaign. However, he, being a reasonable person, says: “let the people gather, but only by my own desire, I will not force anyone.” But in fact, behind such permission lies a desire to relieve oneself of responsibility for violating peace between states. A ferry with Cossacks who managed to escape arrives on the island. They bring disappointing news: priests (Catholic priests) ride on carts, harnessing Christians in them, Jewish women sew outfits for themselves from the priest’s vestments, and people are not allowed to celebrate without the approval of the Jews Christian holidays. Such lawlessness angered the Cossacks - no one had the right to insult their faith and people like that! Both old and young are ready to defend their Fatherland, fight the Poles for disgracing their faith and collect booty from captured villages.
The Cossacks made a noise and shouted: “Hang all the Jews!” Let not the Jewish women sew skirts from the priest’s vestments!” These words had a huge impact on the crowd, which immediately rushed to catch the Jews. But one of them, Yankel, says he knew the late brother of Taras Bulba. Bulba saves Yankel's life and allows him to go with the Cossacks to Poland.
Chapter 5
The earth is full of rumors about the military glory of the Cossacks and about their new conquests. The Cossacks moved at night and rested during the day. Taras Bulba looks with pride at his sons who matured in battle. Ostap, it seemed, was destined to be a warrior. He proved himself to be a brave warrior with an analytical mind. Andriy was more attracted to the romantic side of the journey: knightly deeds and battles with the sword. He acted at the behest of his heart, without resorting to special thoughts, and sometimes he managed to do something that no experienced Cossack could do!
The army came to the city of Dubno. The Cossacks climbed onto the rampart, but from there stones, arrows, barrels, sandbags and pots of boiling water rained down on them. The Cossacks quickly realized that the siege was not theirs strong point, and decided to starve the city to death. They trampled all the fields on horses, destroyed the crops in the gardens, and then settled down in kurens. Ostap and Andriy do not like this life, but their father encourages them: “Be patient with the Cossack - you will become an ataman!”
Esaul brings icons and blessings from his old mother to Ostap and Andria. Andriy misses her, but does not want to return, even though he feels the stuffiness squeezing his heart. At night he admires the sky and stars.
The warriors, tired during the day, fell asleep. Everyone except Andriy. He wandered around the kuren, looking at the rich nature. Suddenly he accidentally notices a certain figure. The stranger turns out to be a woman whom Andriy recognizes as a Tatar who serves the lady with whom he was in love. The Tatar woman tells the young man about the terrible famine, about the lady who had not eaten anything for many days. It turns out that the lady saw Andriy among the soldiers and immediately remembered him. She told the maid to find Andriy and ask him to give him some bread, and if he did not agree, then let him come just like that. Andriy immediately begins to search for supplies, but the Cossacks even ate the porridge that was prepared in excess. Then the young Cossack carefully pulls out the bag of food from under Ostap, on which he was sleeping. Ostap wakes up only for a moment and immediately falls asleep again. Andriy quietly sneaks through the kuren to the Tatar woman, who promised to lead him to the city through an underground passage.
Andria’s father calls out, warning that women will not lead to good things. The Kozak stood neither alive nor dead, afraid to move, but Bulba quickly fell asleep.
Chapter I. Ostap and Andriy, the sons of Taras Bulba, returned home after graduating from the Kyiv bursa. Their father was “one of the indigenous, old colonels: he was all about scolding anxiety and was distinguished by the rude directness of his character.”
He consoled himself in advance with the thought of how he would appear with his sons at the Zaporozhye Sich, introduce them to all his old, battle-hardened comrades, and look at their first feats of arms. At first, Taras Bulba wanted to send Ostap and Andriy to the Sich alone, but “at the sight of their freshness, height, powerful physical beauty, his military spirit flared up, and the next day he decided to go with them himself, although the need for this was only stubborn will.” . The next morning, having said goodbye to their old mother, the Cossacks set off on their journey.
Chapter II. The riders rode in silence. Old Taras thought about the past: “his past years passed before him, about which the Cossack always cries, wishing that his whole life would be youth.” He thought about who he would meet in the Sich from his former comrades. His sons' thoughts were elsewhere. The eldest, Ostap, almost never thought about anything “except war and riotous revelry.” At the school he was considered one of the best comrades, but he studied reluctantly and buried his primer in the ground four times until his father swore that Ostap would not see Zaporozhye forever if he did not learn all the sciences. Now Ostap “was emotionally touched by the tears of the poor mother”; only this embarrassed him and made him lower his head thoughtfully.
His younger brother, Andriy, “had feelings that were somewhat livelier and somehow more developed... He was also seething with a thirst for achievement, but along with it his soul was accessible to other feelings. The need for love flared up in him vividly when he passed eighteen years of age. The woman began to appear more often in his hot dreams; he...saw her every minute, fresh, black-eyed, tender.” Andriy carefully hid his feelings from his comrades, because it was considered shameful for a Cossack to think about a woman and love without having experienced battle. One day, wandering along the street where Little Russian and Polish nobles lived, he “saw a beauty standing at the window, the likes of which he had never seen in his life: black-eyed and white as snow, illuminated by the morning blush of the sun.” This was the daughter of the Kovno governor who came to Kyiv for a while. Andriy saw the beautiful Polish girl several more times, but she soon left. Andriy was thinking about her, hanging his head and looking down.
The travelers reached the shore of the Dnieper and, boarding a ferry, crossed to the island of Khortitsa, where the Sich was then located.
Chapters III -IV. Tired of an idle life and revelry, the Cossacks chose a new chieftain and demanded a real job for themselves. At this time, a large ferry moored to the shore. Having learned from the people standing on it how the Poles oppressed the Ukrainians and the Orthodox faith, how they executed the hetman and Cossack colonels, the Cossacks decided to march with their entire army against Poland.
Chapter V. Soon the entire Polish southwest was gripped by fear of the Cossacks. Fires raged in the villages; “everything that could be saved was saved.” In battles with the Polish royal troops, young Cossacks especially distinguished themselves, eager to show themselves to their elders. And Taras “loved to see how both of his sons were among the first.” In Ostap, “despite his youth, the features of the future leader were already noticeable”: “with composure, almost unnatural for a twenty-two-year-old, he could in an instant measure out all the danger and the entire state of affairs.” Andriy was the complete opposite: he did not know what it meant to think or calculate, seeing delight in the battle itself, in the music of bullets and swords. More than once, “compelled only by passionate passion, he rushed to do something that a cool-headed and reasonable person would never have dared to do, and with one frantic onslaught he produced miracles that the old in battle could not help but be amazed at.”
The Cossacks decided to march on the city of Dubno, where, according to rumors, there was a lot of wealth. They did not like to besiege fortresses, so they surrounded the city, dooming the inhabitants to starvation. Soon the Cossacks, especially the young ones, became bored with such inaction. Andriy was the one who missed me the most. Without knowing why, he felt some kind of “stuffiness in his heart.” One night, lying awake on one of the carts, he saw in front of him a woman wrapped in a blanket. It was a Tatar, a servant of the same lady whom Andriy met two years ago in Kyiv. Seeing him from the city wall, the lady sent a maid to him for a piece of bread for her old mother. Andria's heart began to beat. All the past, “which was drowned out by the harsh abusive life, all floated to the surface at once, drowning, in turn, what was now.” Having stolen bags of food from the carts where supplies were stored, Andriy followed the Tatar woman and entered the city through an underground passage.
Chapter VI. They met terrible victims of famine at every step on the way to the house of the Duben governor. Finally, Andriy found himself in the lady’s room and saw the woman who owned his thoughts and feelings. She seemed to him twice as beautiful as before. Previously, there was something unfinished, unfinished in it, now he saw “a work to which the artist gave the last blow of the brush.” The beauty looked at the bread, raised her eyes to Andriy - “and there was much in those eyes.”
* - Queen! - Andriy exclaimed. “What do you need?” Order me! Give me the most impossible service that exists in the world, and I will run to fulfill it!
* “Don’t deceive yourself, knight, and me,” answered the lady, quietly shaking her beautiful head. “Your name is your father, comrades, homeland, and we are your enemies.”
* - What is my father, comrades and homeland to me? The Fatherland is what our soul is looking for, what is dearer to it than anything else. My homeland is you! And I will sell, give away, and destroy everything that I have for such a fatherland!
The beautiful lady threw herself on Andriy’s neck, hugging him with her snow-like, wonderful arms, and began to sob. At this time, a Tatar woman ran in with a joyful cry. “Saved, saved! - she shouted. “Our people entered the city, brought bread and bound Cossacks!” But no one heard her... “And the Cossack died! Lost for all Cossack chivalry!.. Old Taras will tear out a gray tuft of hair from his chuprin and curse both the day and the hour in which he gave birth to such a son to his shame.”
Chapter VII. The next morning noise and movement were heard in the Zaporozhye camp. It turned out that the Cossacks, stationed in front of the side city gates, were dead drunk at night. Having taken some of them prisoner and killed the rest, the Polish troops entered the city - fortunately, with only a small supply of food. Having learned that the Poles had captured the sleepy Cossacks, the Cossacks began a verbal altercation with the enemy who poured onto the rampart. Unable to withstand the “caustic Cossack word,” the Poles opened the city gates, and an army marched out. The Cossacks attacked the enemy from all sides, and the battle began. Soon the Poles felt that the Cossacks were gaining the upper hand, and again disappeared behind the city gates. The Cossacks stayed up for a long time that night, and old Taras stayed up the longest. From the Jew Yankel, who visited the city, he learned that Andriy had gone over to the enemies, and now he vowed to take revenge on the Polish woman who had bewitched his son.
Chapters VIII - IX. The news came that the Tatars attacked the Sich, plundered a lot of goods and took the Cossacks who remained there captive. To rescue their comrades from Polish and Tatar captivity, part of the Cossacks, led by the Koshevoy, went in pursuit of the Tatars, while the other part remained, choosing Taras Bulba as their ataman.
By the movement and noise in the city, Taras saw that a battle was being prepared, and addressed the Cossacks with a speech: “I would like to tell you, gentleman, what our partnership is. There is no holier bond! A father loves his child, but that’s not the same, brothers: the beast also loves his child. But only one person can become related by kinship by soul, and not by blood. There were comrades in other lands, but there were none like those in the Russian land. Let our enemies know what comradeship means with us! If it comes to that, to die, none of them will have to die like that!.. Their mouse nature is not enough for that!”
Everyone was deeply touched by such a speech, reaching to the very heart. And the enemy army was already advancing from the city, blaring kettledrums and trumpets. The gates opened, and a hussar regiment, the beauty of all cavalry regiments, flew out. Ahead rushed the most beautiful knight of all; a scarf hung on his hand, hand-sewn the first beauty. Taras was so dumbfounded when he saw that it was Andriy. Meanwhile, the young knight, eager to earn the gift tied to his hand, rained down blows right and left. Taras could not stand it and shouted: “Are you hitting your own, damn son?..” But Andriy did not distinguish who was in front of him, in his mind’s eye seeing only the snowy neck, shoulders and curls of his Polish girl.
At the request of Taras, the Cossacks lured Andriy to the forest. He flew at full speed after the Cossacks and almost overtook one, when suddenly someone strong hand grabbed the reins of his horse. Andriy looked around: Taras was in front of him! Like a schoolboy who, while chasing a friend, suddenly bumped into a teacher entering the classroom, Andriy instantly became quiet, his frantic impulse died down.
* - So sell it? Sell your faith? Sell yours? Stop, get off your horse!
Obediently, like a child, Andriy got off his horse and stood neither alive nor dead in front of his father:
“Stop and don’t move! I gave birth to you, I will kill you! - said Taras and, having fired, Taras looked for a long time at the lifeless corpse. “What would a Cossack not be? - he thought, - and he was tall, and black-browed, and had a face like a nobleman, and his hand was strong in battle! “Gone, gone ingloriously!”
Chapter X-XI. A faithful comrade took the chopped up and almost senseless Taras all the way to the Zaporozhye Sich and cured him with herbs. After a month and a half, he was on his feet, but was “noticeably gloomy and sad.” All his old comrades died, even those who went in pursuit of the Tatars; everything was now new in the Sich. Taras looked at everything indifferently and, quietly hanging his head, said: “My son! Ostap is mine!” And Taras could not stand it. Knowing that the Poles valued his head at two thousand chervonets, he hid at the bottom of a cart loaded with bricks and, with the help of his Jew acquaintance Yankel, reached Warsaw. Unable to either free Ostap or see him, Taras, disguised as a foreign count, came to the square where the execution was to take place. People were pouring in from all sides.
