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Complete ablution for women according to the sunnah of the prophet. Complete body wash

Ablution plays a special role in the Islamic faith, since without it Muslims cannot perform certain rituals of worship. This term in Islam refers to the process of ritual purification performed by believers at least several times a day.

There are two types of ablution: small (“wudu”, “taharat”), and full (“ghusl”).

Taharat

Lesser ablution is a type of ritual cleansing performed by believers regularly and does not require complete nudity when performing it.

In what cases is it necessary to perform taharat:

  • before starting prayer (namaz);
  • before reading the Holy Quran;
  • before starting the tour around the Kaaba.

Procedure for performing wudu:

1. Say your intention to perform ablution: in order to begin taharat, a person must have an appropriate intention, which he can say to himself.

2. Say the words “Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim”(“In the name of Allah, the Beneficent and the Merciful”).

3. Wash your hands up to your wrists: the believer must wash the palms of both hands up to the wrists three times, mandatory rinsing the areas between the fingers (it is advisable to start with right hand).

4. Rinse your mouth: After using your hands, you should rinse your mouth well three times, and it is advisable to hold the water to your lips with your right hand.

5. Rinse your sinuses: A Muslim must rinse his nose three times, drawing in water from his right hand and removing the secretions with his left.

6. Wash your face: To do this, it is enough to rinse your face three times, so that each time water gets on its entire surface (up to the ears).

7. Wash your hands up to the elbows: each hand, starting with the right, is sequentially washed on all sides three times from the wrist to the elbow.

8. Wiping the head, neck and ears: It is necessary to wipe the hair with wet palms, and it is recommended to touch at least a quarter of the head (usually wipe with the right hand from the crown to the forehead). After that thumbs hands are moved under the earlobes, and the index fingers are wiped auricle and the auditory canal. At the end of this stage you should back side walk along the neck with your palms, smoothly moving your hands from the back to the front.

9. Cleansing the feet: Finally, the feet are washed three times up to the ankles, including the areas between the toes. Here it is also encouraged to perform the procedure starting with the right leg.

It is important to know that the obligatory actions (fard) of Taharat will be the following: washing the face, hands up to the elbows, wiping the neck, ears and head, washing the feet. The obligatory nature of these stages is due to the fact that they are mentioned in Holy Scripture Muslims:

“O you who believe! When you stand up for prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, wipe your heads and wash your feet up to the ankles” (5:6)

Thus, after performing wudhu, the believer is in a state of ritual purity, in which he can pray, read the Koran and so on. This provision remains until the believer commits any action that violates it.

What breaks wudu:

  • elimination of needs, including the release of gases;
  • loss of consciousness;
  • sleep, except when a person dozes while sitting or standing;
  • excretion of waste from the human body into large quantities(blood, pus, etc.);
  • touching the genitals directly (i.e. not through tissue);
  • severe vomiting (provided that the vomit has filled the entire oral cavity).

Ghusl

Full ablution is a type of ablution performed when a Muslim is in a state of ritual desecration. In the Qur'an, the Lord of the Worlds tells us:

“...If you are defiled, then wash from head to toe and make yourself clean...” (5:6)

Situations in which GUSL is necessary:

  • after intimacy(for ritual desecration, contact of the genitals will be sufficient, even if ejaculation has not occurred);
  • after ejaculation that did not occur as a result of intimacy (for example, if it arose due to passionate sensations as a result of thoughts, or viewing images and videos with naked bodies, wet dreams, etc. is considered haram);
  • postmenstrual period in women (during menstruation, a woman is in a state of ritual desecration, and therefore on such days she is even forbidden to pray and. After the completion of menstruation, women should perform ghusl);
  • the postpartum period in women (at the end of postpartum bleeding, complete ablution is also prescribed);
  • after accepting Islam (after a person has said the Shahada and became a Muslim, he must purify himself);
  • death (before burial, the body of every Muslim must be washed)

Being in a state of ritual desecration, a believer does not have the right:

  • read and touch the Holy Quran (if its text is entirely in Arabic);
  • perform namaz;
  • visit a mosque;
  • circumambulate the Kaaba.

Procedure complete ablution:

    Intention for performing Ghusl: as before taharat, a person must say (maybe mentally) the intention;

    Say “Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahiim”;

    Washing hands up to wrists: rinse your hands three times up to the wrists, while cleaning the areas between the fingers (it is preferable to start with the right hand);

    Washing the genitals: this should be done carefully to eliminate all impurities, and preferably with the left hand;

    Performing all acts of ablution (wudu): in this case, the procedure of washing the palms is repeated, and the soles of the feet are postponed until the completion of the ghusl;

    Pouring the head: it must be done three times and so that all the hair on the head, including the beard and mustache, is moistened from the tips to the roots;

    Pouring right side body: three times and a sufficient amount of water for this, but without allowing excessive consumption;

    Dousing the left side of the body three times;

    Washing feet(including areas between the fingers).

Like Taharat, Ghusl contains both obligatory and desirable actions. However, there are some discrepancies among Muslim legal schools regarding complete ablution. If, according to the Hanafite madhhab, rinsing the mouth, washing the nasal cavity and dousing the entire body is considered fard when performing ghusl, then in the Shafi'i madhhab it is the intention, the removal of impurities and complete dousing.

Advantages of ablution

Believers are required to perform ablution not only before performing religious practices - a state of ritual purity must be inherent in any Muslim almost constantly. Taharat and ghusl in Islam are considered a good deed, for which there is a reward. The famous hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) reads: “If someone, while in a state of ablution, performs it again, the Almighty writes to him 10 good deeds” (at-Tirmidhi).

In addition, ritual cleansing helps to erase the sins of a believer, as stated in the following hadith: “When a Muslim performs ablution, then, by washing his face, he washes away all the sins that his eyes commit, by washing his hands, he washes away all the sins that he committed with them, by washing his feet , washes away all the sins that he committed with them, and thus a person will become clean from sins” (quoted by Muslim and at-Tirmidhi).

Another advantage of ablution is the fact that it can lead a believer to Paradise. The Messenger of Allah (s.w.w.) once admonished: “Whoever of you performs ablution and then says, for him all eight gates of heaven will open” (hadith from Muslim).

Alhamdulillah, you accepted Islam (or began to follow the religion that your ancestors followed). And, of course, you have many questions, the first of which is how to perform ablution and prayer correctly? Sisters often write to our website and group with questions about how to perform ablution and prayer, whether such and such an action violates ablution (and the like).

Since for the validity of prayer it is necessary to be in a state of ritual purity (taharat in Arabic), in this article we, with the permission of Allah, will talk about ablution.

The concept of “taharat” (literally “purity”) includes performing a complete ablution (washing the entire body with water, in other words, bathing) and a small ablution - when you need to wash only certain parts of the body.

Complete ablution (ghusl)

When is full ablution (ghusl in Arabic) necessary?

A woman must perform a complete ablution after the end of menstruation (haid) and postpartum bleeding (nifas), as well as after marital intimacy.

A man also performs ghusl after marital relations and after ejaculation (emission).

Also, a complete ablution should be performed by a person who has just accepted Islam, since a sexually mature person has had a situation at least once in his life when a complete ablution was necessary. So if you have recently converted to Islam (or have just recently decided to perform namaz), you should perform a full ablution

According to Shariah, complete ablution consists of three required parts (fards of ghusl):

1. Rinse the nose.

2. Mouth rinse.

3. Washing the entire body with water.

When bathing, it is necessary to remove from the body everything that could interfere with the penetration of water, for example, paint, wax, dough, nail polish.

It is necessary to rinse areas of the body where water may not reach during normal bathing - for example, the folds of skin inside the navel, the pinna and the skin behind the ear, the skin under the eyebrows, holes for earrings in the ears (if a woman has pierced ears).

When performing a complete ablution, it is also necessary to wash the scalp and hair. If a woman long braids, she may not unravel them if they do not interfere with water getting to the scalp (if they do, then she needs to unravel them).

The woman also needs to wash the outer part of the genital organ (that which is accessible when she squats).

Since performing ghusl requires rinsing your mouth, you must remove anything from your teeth that could prevent water from reaching the surface. However, this does not apply to dental fillings and crowns or dentures; they do not need to be removed! As for braces, orthopedic plates that are placed to correct teeth: if they are removable and easy to remove, they need to be removed; if they are attached to the teeth in such a way that only a doctor can remove them, there is no need to touch them, bathing will be valid.

Full ablution has its sunnat and adab (actions that are considered optional, but desirable and increase the reward for worship). You can read about them in this article: “Fards, Sunnat and Adab of Full Ablution”

It is also important to remember What actions are prohibited for a person who does not have complete ablution?(for example, a woman during her period):

1. You cannot perform namaz, as well as perform sajdah tilawa (bow to the ground when reading certain verses of the Koran) and sajdah shukr (bow to the ground in gratitude to Allah).

2. Touching the Koran or verses of the Koran (if they are printed in a book of religious content). This does not apply to the text of the Quran printed on a computer or other electronic media. In this case, it will only be impossible to touch the text of the Koran displayed on the screen with your hands, but you can read it from your phone (not out loud).

3. Reading even one verse of the Quran out loud (however, you can read fewer verses - for example, pronounce the phrases “Alhamdulillah” or “Bismillah”, which are also part of the verses). Of course, this applies only to the Arabic original of the Quran, and not to its translations. However, you can recite the verses of the Quran to yourself, mentally.

An exception is made for verses and surahs of the Qur'an, which are duas (supplications) and are read for protection from all harm - such as surahs Al-Fatiha, Al-Ikhlas, Al-Falyak and An-Nas and the verse Al-Kursi.

4. Visit to the mosque.

5. Circumambulation during the Kaaba (tawaf) in Hajj.

Note:

There is a distinction between the state of defilement (Junub) and the state of Haida and Nifas. In a state of defilement (for a woman - after a marital relationship), you cannot perform namaz, but you can fast (during Ramadan, for example). You cannot fast in a state of Haida and Nifas.

For a more detailed explanation of the issue, you can refer to this article: "Women's fiqh of complete ablution"

Frequently asked questions regarding ablution:

  • It should be noted that complete ablution (bathing) replaces small ablution. That is, if, for example, your period has just ended and you have performed ghusl, you will not need to perform additional ablution before prayer (unless you have committed actions that violate wudu - you have not gone to the toilet, for example ).
  • “If I took a bath, and then a situation happened in which ablution was disrupted (for example, the release of gases), do I need to bathe again?”- No, since this action does not violate complete ablution, there is no need to bathe again, it is enough to renew the wudu.
  • Is it possible to dye your hair, use different chemicals for curling or styling hair - will there really be a complete ablution in this case?-The decision here will depend on the method of action of the paint or other substance. If it allows water to pass through, your ghusl is valid; if not, you will have to remove the dye from your hair before bathing. We cannot say how exactly this or that paint works; you need to find out from their manufacturers. However, we know for sure: dyeing hair with henna does not prevent the penetration of water, so the ghusl will be valid.

Lesser ablution (wudu)

As for the small ablution (wudu in Arabic), it will be necessary in the following cases:

1. After visiting the toilet (for major or minor needs).

2. After the release of gases.

3. In case of sleep or fainting (except for the case when a person fell asleep while sitting, pressing his buttocks to the floor).

4. The release of blood, pus or other fluid from the human body. Exit refers to the release of a substance beyond the boundaries of its source (for example, a nosebleed or blood escaping beyond the boundaries of a wound or cut). If blood only appears in the wound (as from a pin prick, for example), but does not flow out, ablution is not broken.

5. If a person vomits, provided that the vomit completely fills the mouth.

6. Bleeding in the mouth (from the gums, for example), provided that there was more or the same amount of blood as saliva. This is determined by the color of the saliva - if it is yellow or orange, it means there is little blood, if it is red or dark red, it means there is more blood.

7. In case of alcohol intoxication or insanity.

What does NOT violate wudu:

1. Separation of a piece of skin (a callus, for example) from the human body, which is not accompanied by bleeding.

2. Touching the genitals (your own or another person’s – for example, a woman changing a child’s diaper, this does not violate ablution).

3. Touching a person of the opposite sex who is not a Mahram does not violate wudhu.

4. Expectoration of mucus, even if there is a lot of it.

According to Shariah, ablution includes four obligatory parts (fards of wudu):

1. Washing your face. Important– pay attention to what is considered the boundaries of the face!

Face boundaries: in length - from the hairline to the tip of the chin, in width - from one earlobe to the other.

2.Wash your hands before elbow joint inclusive.

3. Washing the feet up to the ankles inclusive.

Very important: A condition for the validity of ablution is considered to be the contact of water on all areas of the skin within the boundaries of the organ that needs to be washed! Therefore, there should be no substances on the body that could interfere with the penetration of water into the skin - for example, dough, wax, glue, nail polish. If you have rings on your fingers, you need to move them so that water gets under them.

However, if you dye your hair or hands with henna, this does not interfere with your ablution, since henna allows water to pass through.

4. Rubbing (maskh) one quarter of the head with a wet hand.

It is valid to wipe the hair on the head (and not on the forehead or neck). It will be invalid to wipe a braid braided around the head or hair that falls from the head in a loose state.

What is forbidden to do without performing ablution:

1. Perform namaz;

2. Touch the Arabic text of the Holy Quran (but you can read the Quran on electronic media - phone, tablet, computer, without touching the screen with the displayed text);

3. Perform sajda-tilyawa while reading the Holy Quran;

4. Walk around the Kaaba (tawaf).

Lesser ablution also has its sunnat and adab. You can read about them here: “Ahkyams and sunnat of small ablution.” The procedure for small ablution is also shown in some detail in the picture above.

Frequently asked questions regarding ablution:

  • Should I take it out of my eyes? contact lenses? – No, eyes are not one of the organs that need to be washed when washing your face, so there is no need to remove the lenses.
  • Does the exposure of clothing or body to substances that are considered impurity (najasa) ruin wudu? — The contact of such substances (najas) on the body or clothing does not violate ablution. It is enough to rinse this place three times with water (from a smooth surface - for example, leather clothing - just wipe off the dirt), and it is considered that you have removed the impurity.

Mask (wiping) leather socks and bandages

Wiping khuffs (leather socks):

According to Sharia, a person is allowed to wipe special leather socks (khuffs) instead of washing his feet. They must be put on after performing ablution - on clean feet. The next time a person's wudhu goes wrong, he will not need to wash his feet, just run his wet hand once from the tip of his fingers to his shin over the surface of the sock, and wudhu will be valid.

The validity period for such wiping is one day and one night for a sedentary person and three days and three nights for a traveler. The period of validity must be counted from the moment a person’s ablution goes wrong for the first time (after he puts on the khuffs).

Attention! Wiping regular (cotton, wool, synthetic) socks or stockings will not be valid. It is also not allowed to wipe a scarf or skullcap (instead of a hair mask), gloves (instead of washing your hands), or a niqab (instead of washing your face).

Wiping the bandage

What to do if a person has been bandaged due to a wound or fracture (and getting water on the wound can harm health):

In this case, a person can simply wipe the bandage with a damp hand once (it is not necessary to wipe the entire bandage - just wipe most of it). If there is a concern that washing the skin near the bandage may cause water to enter the wound and cause harm to it, you can also wipe (rather than wash) the skin near the bandage and ablution will be valid.

You can read more about wiping socks and bandages in the article: “Actions that violate the reality of the socks off. Wiping the bandage."

Please note: all the above rules and decisions regarding ritual purity refer to the opinion of Hanafi scholars law school(madhhab). The decisions of scholars of other madhhabs on issues of ablution, in particular, the Shafi'i madhhab, will be somewhat different. Therefore, Muslims living in regions where the Shafi'i school is followed (Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia) should turn to the relevant sites and scholars.

Muslima (Anya) Kobulova

Based on materials from the Darul-Fikr website

Complete ablution is called ghusl. This is the process of pouring water over the entire surface of the body. A woman is required to perform a complete ablution after the cessation or postpartum bleeding, as well as after intimacy.


Procedure for performing complete ablution:


  • Make (niyat) the intention with the words: “I intend to perform a complete ablution for the pleasure of Allah Almighty.”

  • Before undressing, you must say the words: “Bismillah” (In the name of Allah). Because naked man You cannot say a prayer and it is undesirable to talk.

  • First of all, you need to wash your hands.

  • Wash yourself, wash your private parts, remove everything unclean from your body.

  • Perform a small ablution without washing only your feet.

  • Pour water over the body three times, starting from the head and moving to the right shoulder, then to the left, wash the whole body, lastly the legs.

If the hair is braided, a woman is not required to undo it if nothing prevents water from reaching the roots of the hair. That is, there is no need to let your hair down, the water should get to the roots of the hair, but not necessarily the hair.


Full ablution is considered valid if a person has rinsed his mouth, washed his nose and washed his entire body. That is, three mandatory actions must be completed.

Lesser ablution

Lesser ablution is called wudu.


Procedure for performing small ablution:


  • Intention: “I intend to perform ablution for the pleasure of Allah Almighty.”

  • Saying the word: "Bismillah" (In the name of Allah).

  • Washing hands up to wrists.

  • Rinse your mouth three times.

  • Rinse your nose three times (suck in water through your nose and blow your nose).

  • Rinse your face three times.

  • Wash your hands up to the elbows three times.

  • Wiping the head, wetting the hands only once, wiping the ears without re-wetting the hands and neck with the back of the hand. Should be wiped down index fingers inner side ears, large - outer (all this is done only once).

  • Wash your feet three times. First, rinse once between your fingers.

Lesser ablution is spoiled by any discharge from the genitals and anus(feces, urine, gases, etc.), discharge of blood, pus from the body, vomiting, loss of consciousness, sleep.


Without complete ablution, the minor ablution is considered invalid. After complete ablution, there is no need to take small ablution again.

Sheikh's answer:“In the Shafi’i madhhab, bathing (ghusl) also includes small (partial) ablution (wuzu), since complete ablution (or bathing, ghusl) is considered large compared to small ablution, therefore bathing also includes small (partial) ) ablution, and other types of bathing. Based on this, if a man, for example, performs obligatory bathing from janaba (a state of sexual defilement) or a woman bathes after menstrual cycle, then in in this case, this bathing also includes a small obligatory ablution, that is, a person after an obligatory bath is considered to have a small (partial) ablution (see note). Also, if a person bathes on a Friday or a holiday, for partial ablution to become valid, he must make an intention for partial ablution, and this bathing also includes partial ablution (if the intention was made and there was no circumstances that violate minor ablution).”

Question: “I performed namaz, being convinced that I was facing the qibla. But then I realized that I was mistaken, as it turned out that the qibla was in the other direction. What should I do?"

Sheikh's answer:“If you discover this before the time for this prayer has ended, then you should perform the prayer again. For example: after performing the lunch prayer, you discovered that the qibla is in a different direction, then if the time for the evening prayer has not arrived, you need to perform the lunch prayer again. If the time for prayer has passed, there is no need to compensate for the prayer, since you have fulfilled what was commanded to you by the Almighty, that is, you performed the prayer, thinking that you turned towards the sacred mosque (the side of the qibla), the Almighty is Generous, and in this In this case, there is no need to compensate for the prayer, inshaAllah, such a prayer will be considered valid. Why is it necessary to perform the prayer again if the time for the next prayer has not come? Because it was discovered that the prayer was performed incorrectly and there is time to perform it again in the right way before time is lost."

Question: “It’s hard for me to perform ablution and prayer. Sometimes I manage to overcome my nafs, and I easily perform ablution and prayer. But sometimes I have difficulty coping with nafs and passions. What should I do?

Sheikh's answer:“We need to be persistent and not lose hope. All this is a test. Therefore, you need to be diligent so that help comes from the Almighty and then you can perform worship with ease, without experiencing difficulties. This is an exam that must be passed successfully. But success can be achieved with consistency. Do not lose hope when nafs or passions prevail over you; the second or third time you will feel the pliability of nafs when performing good deeds. It is necessary to be convinced of the mercy of Allah.

The second way is to remember Allah. Remember Allah often outside of prayer, and you will feel that your nafs begins to obey you when performing ablution, prayer and other types of worship. Allah says) meaning:

وَلَذِكْرُ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ

« And remembering Allah is the most important thing "Koran, 29:45."

Translation from Arabic: Muhammadarif Abdulaev



Note: In order for the minor ablution to be considered valid, no actions must be performed during bathing that spoil the minor ablution (see Circumstances that violate partial ablution).

Full obligatory ablution is a ritual bathing.

It should be done:

1. For men and women after sexual intercourse, even if it was not completed.

2. For men and women after orgasm, regardless of where, how and under what circumstances it happened.

3. For women after cleansing from menstruation.

4. Women after cleansing postpartum or post-miscarriage discharge.

5. It is also necessary to completely wash the body of the deceased.

What is prohibited for one who is obligated to perform ablution?

Without the obligatory complete ablution of the body after breaking it, for the reasons stated above, it is prohibited (haram): to perform namaz, make sudjdatilawat and shukra, touch the Quran and wear it, read anything from the Quran (from a book or by heart), perform tawaf (circumambulation seven times). Kaaba) and located inside the mosque.

For women during menstruation, postpartum and post-miscarriage discharge, all this is prohibited from the moment the discharge begins. In addition, during menstruation, postpartum and post-miscarriage discharge, women are prohibited from fasting. But once the discharge stops, the ban on fasting is lifted, even if the woman has not yet bathed.

During such periods, spouses are prohibited from having sexual intercourse; the husband is not allowed to touch his wife’s body without a barrier between the navel and knees. The wife is also obliged to prohibit her husband from doing this. Only after cleansing from menstruation or postpartum and post-miscarriage discharge and performing the obligatory full ablution are all prohibitions associated with these periods lifted.

Without the obligatory complete ablution of the body after its violation, it is undesirable to eat, drink anything, or sleep. It is also undesirable to repeatedly enter into intimacy with your wife without first performing a small ablution.

What are the required components (arcanas) of complete ablution?

In order for complete ablution to be considered valid, it is necessary, firstly, to make an intention at the beginning of ablution mentally (this is fard) and with the tongue (this is sunnat), that is, it is necessary to have the intention to perform the obligatory full ablution: “I intend to perform the obligatory (fard) complete ablution bodies." In this case, it is necessary to connect the intention with the first washed part of the bather’s body. Secondly, the water should wash the entire body, leaving nothing behind. the slightest point(that is, water must flow around the entire body, all its parts; it is not enough to simply wet the body or its individual parts). In particular, when bathing, the hair should be washed to the roots and the areas under the nails; there should be no insulator on the body that prevents water from coming into contact with the body, such as nail polish. Before ritual bathing begins, impurities (najasa) must be removed from the body. For women, water must fall into those places of the awra that are revealed when sitting.

Desirable actions (sunnah) of complete ablution.

There are 12 desirable actions of ablution: turning towards the Qiblah; washing both hands; performing a small ablution first (as for prayer); preliminary cleansing of body folds where water is difficult to enter; removal of evil spirits in advance; pouring water first on the head, then on the right side, then on the left; rubbing your hand everywhere; repeating all this three times; there must be at least three liters of water; if you bathe after ejaculation, then before bathing you should relieve yourself; reading d'a after bathing (the one that is read after small ablution).

Under what circumstances is it advisable (sunnah) to take a bath?

It is advisable to take a bath in the following seventeen cases: for Friday prayer; for both holiday prayers; every night of the month of Ramadan; for prayer of asking for rain; for solar prayer and lunar eclipse; after washing the deceased; for a non-believer after accepting Islam; for a madman after he has come to his senses; who lost consciousness after regaining consciousness; for putting on ihram; in order to enter Mecca; to stand on Mount Arafa; for an overnight stay in the Muzdalifa valley; for throwing stones in jamarat; to circumambulate the Kaaba.