Sinusitis

Full ablution for Muslims. Complete ablution (ghusl)

فَصْلُ مَا يُوجِبُ الغُسْل

Section on actions that make it mandatory to perform complete ablution(ghusl)

Ghusl in linguistic meaning is the spilling of water on any place. Ghusl is also the water used for bathing.

In Shariah meaning, ghusl is the washing of the whole body. clean water. Ghusl means cleansing the body of Janaba, Haydah and Nifas.

Janaba (great defilement) is a state that occurs as a result of sexual intercourse, whether accompanied by ejaculation or not, or after ejaculation accompanied by pleasure (even without sexual intercourse).

Ghusl, like voodoo, has:

sabab سَبَب;

rukn رُكْن;

khukm حُكْم;

shart شَرْط;

syfat صِفَة.

Sunnats;

adab.

The reason (sabab) for ghusl is the desire to perform an action that cannot be performed when a person is in a state of janabah or when ghusl is obligatory for him.

Rukn Ghusla is the washing of all parts of the body that are accessible for ablution with clean water.

The ruling of ghusl in this life is the permissibility of what was forbidden before the performance of ghusl. Hukm in next life- a reward for performing ghusl, provided that the person had the appropriate niyat.

There are seven things that make ghusl obligatory:

The release of semen from the genital organ.

The semen (المَنِي) of a man is a liquid white, thick, with a smell reminiscent of date ovary or dough in a liquid state, and a smell in a dry state egg white. A woman's semen is not a thick liquid with a yellowish tint.

Imams Abu Hanifa and Muhammad said that for ghusl to become obligatory, the release of semen from its source must be accompanied by sexual pleasure, and it does not matter whether the release of semen directly from the genital organ was accompanied by pleasure. According to Imam Abu Yusuf, for ghusl to be obligatory, it is necessary that pleasure accompanies not only the beginning of the release of semen from its source, but also the direct release of semen from the sexual organ.

Example: If a person, after the release of semen, performed ghusl, then performed prayer, but after the prayer the remains of the seed came out, he is obliged to perform ghusl, according to Imams Abu Hanifa and Muhammad (despite the fact that he did not feel pleasure at the moment of release of the seed) , and is not obliged, according to Imam Abu Yusuf. However, his prayer is valid according to the opinion of all the sheikhs.

The opinion of Imams Abu Hanifa and Muhammad is strong in the madhhab, but in a difficult situation a person has the right to follow the opinion of Imam Abu Yusuf. For example, if a person who knows that it will be difficult for him to perform ghusl, felt that his semen was beginning to come out, squeezed his sexual organ for a while, and then released it and the semen came out without the accompanying sexual pleasure, ghusl for this a person, according to Imam Abu Yusuf, is unnecessary.

If a person has released the remains of his semen after he has relieved himself, woke up, or walked some distance, he does not need to perform ghusl.

Ghusl is not necessary if a finger, artificial penis, sexual organ is inserted dead person, a severed genital organ or reproductive organ of an animal. If part of the head of the genital organ is missing, the requirement for ghusl is to insert its remaining part.

If a person had sexual intercourse through a barrier and there was no release of semen, one must perform ghusl as a precaution, and it does not matter whether the sexual intercourse was accompanied by pleasure or not.

Sexual intercourse with dead man or animals, accompanied by the release of semen.

If a person, after being in a state of alcoholic intoxication or after fainting, finds traces that, in his opinion, with more than 50% certainty, are traces of semen, he is obliged to perform ghusl as a precaution.

Ghusl becomes obligatory after a woman has cleared herself of haydah and nifas.

A person who has accepted Islam is obliged to perform ghusl if before Islam he was in a state of janab, haida or nifas and did not perform ghusl before accepting Islam.

The Muslim community has an obligation (fard-kifaya) to perform complete ablution of a deceased Muslim. An exception is made for a person who has committed certain types crimes, for example, refused to obey the legitimate ruler (باغ) - such a person is not washed and funeral prayers are not performed for him.

Situations in which it is not necessary to perform ghusl:

Wadi exit (الوَدْي). Wadi is a cloudy, thick, white, odorless liquid that usually comes out after urination. The release of ointment and wadi does not require ghusl, according to the unanimous opinion of all the sheikhs.

Emissions without emission of semen.

Sexual intercourse through an obstacle (for example, fabric), which was not accompanied by pleasure. In this case, ghusl is not obligatory, but it should be done as a precaution.

Enema in the anus.

Inserting a finger (or something similar) into a sexual organ or anal hole women.

Coitus with an animal or dead woman, in which there was no ejaculation.

Ghusl this is complete washing the whole body with water according to the rules established by religion. Such cleansing is obligatory for every Muslim man and woman after sexual intercourse, ejaculation, menstrual cycles(hyde) and postpartum period(nifas). It is performed with clean water and is invalid in the case of simply wiping the body with a damp towel.
Those who are obliged to commit G. (junub) are prohibited from reading the Koran, touching it, or entering mosques in a desecrated state (except for some special cases).
The need to perform G. is stated in the verse: “And if you are in ritual defilement, then bathe. If you are sick or on a trip, if one of you relieves himself or comes into contact with a woman and cannot find water, then perform ablution with clean, fine sand, wiping your face and hands with it” (5:6).

Ghusl in linguistic meaning is the spilling of water on any place1. Ghusl is also the water used for bathing.
In Shariah meaning, ghusl is washing the whole body with clean water. Ghusl means cleansing the body of Janaba, Haydah and Nifas.
Janaba (great defilement) is a state that occurs as a result of sexual intercourse, regardless of whether it was accompanied by ejaculation or not, or after ejaculation accompanied by pleasure (even without sexual intercourse). In Shariah meaning, ghusl is washing the entire body with clean water. water. Ghusl means cleansing the body of Janaba, Haydah and Nifas.
Rukn Ghusla is the washing of all parts of the body that are accessible for ablution with clean water.
The ruling of ghusl in this life is the permissibility of what was forbidden before the performance of ghusl. Hukm in the next life is a reward for performing ghusl, provided that the person had the appropriate niyat.

There are seven things that make ghusl obligatory:

1. The release of semen from the genital organ.

The semen (المَنِي) of a man is a white liquid, thick, with a smell reminiscent of a date ovary or dough in a liquid state, and the smell of egg white in a dry state. A woman's semen is not a thick liquid with a yellowish tint.

Imams Abu Hanifa and Muhammad said that for ghusl to become obligatory, the release of semen from its source must be accompanied by sexual pleasure, and it does not matter whether the release of semen directly from the genital organ was accompanied by pleasure. According to Imam Abu Yusuf, for ghusl to be obligatory, it is necessary that pleasure accompanies not only the beginning of the release of semen from its source, but also the direct release of semen from the sexual organ.

Example: If a person, after the release of semen, performed ghusl, then performed prayer, but after the prayer the remains of the seed came out, he is obliged to perform ghusl, according to Imams Abu Hanifa and Muhammad (despite the fact that he did not feel pleasure at the moment of release of the seed) , and is not obliged, according to Imam Abu Yusuf. However, his prayer is valid according to the opinion of all the sheikhs.

The opinion of Imams Abu Hanifa and Muhammad is strong in the madhhab, but in a difficult situation4 a person has the right to follow the opinion of Imam Abu Yusuf. For example, if a person who knows that it will be difficult for him to perform ghusl, felt that his semen was beginning to come out, squeezed his sexual organ for a while, and then released it and the semen came out without the accompanying sexual pleasure, ghusl for this a person, according to Imam Abu Yusuf, is unnecessary.

If a person has released the remains of his semen after he has relieved himself, woke up, or walked some distance, he does not need to perform ghusl.

2. Insertion of the head of the genital organ (الحَشَفَة) of a man5 into the vagina (or anus) of a living woman.

Ghusl is not required if a finger, an artificial penis, a dead person's sex organ, a severed sex organ, or an animal's sex organ are inserted. If part of the head of the genital organ is missing, the requirement for ghusl is to insert its remaining part.

If a person had sexual intercourse through a barrier6 and there was no release of semen, one must perform ghusl as a precaution, and it does not matter whether the sexual intercourse was accompanied by pleasure or not.

3. Sexual intercourse with a dead person or animal, accompanied by the release of semen.

4. If a person finds a thin liquid in the place where he slept, does not remember whether he had a wet dream in the dream, and doubts whether it is mani7 or ointment8 (المَذْي), or doubts whether it is mani or wadi9 (الوَدْي), then, according to According to imams Abu Hanifa and Muhammad, he is obliged to perform ghusl, but according to imam Abu Yusuf, he is not obliged. If he doubts whether it is wadi or ointment, ghusl is not obligatory, according to the opinion of all the sheikhs. If a person remembers that before going to bed his genitals were in excited state, he is not obligated to perform ghusl, since this liquid is most likely an ointment, and its release does not make ghusl obligatory.

5. If a person, after being in a state of alcoholic intoxication or after fainting, finds traces that, in his opinion, with more than 50% certainty, are traces of semen, he is obliged to perform ghusl as a precaution.

6. Ghusl becomes obligatory after a woman has cleared herself of hayd and nifas.

7. A person who has accepted Islam is obliged to perform ghusl if before Islam he was in a state of janab, haida or nifas and did not perform ghusl before accepting Islam.

The Muslim community has an obligation (fard-kifaya) to perform complete ablution of a deceased Muslim. An exception is made for a person who has committed certain types of crimes, such as refusing to obey the law.

Fardi Ghusl:

1. Rinse your nose.
2. Mouth rinse.
3. Washing the whole body.

A person must remove from the body anything that prevents water from reaching the skin, such as wax or dough. An exception is made for the painter (if he performs ghusl on top of the paint on his body, his ghusl is valid). If a person has dirt under his nails, his ghusl is valid, and it does not matter where he lives - in a city or in a village.
Be sure to wash your entire body once.
further:
4. A man who has not been circumcised must move foreskin and bring the water to the head of the genital organ. If this action causes him pain or difficulty, it is permissible not to do so.
5. Washing the navel, including its inner part.
6. If a person has any folds or depressions on his body, he is obliged to wash them. If the resulting folds of skin have grown together, a person is not obliged to move them apart/tear them to wash them if this causes him pain.
7. If a man has braids on his head, he must undo them to perform ghusl, since getting water on all the man’s hair is obligatory. According to the unanimous opinion of scholars of the Hanafi madhhab, a woman is allowed not to unravel her braids if they do not interfere with water reaching the scalp. A woman can rinse only the outer part of her braids without bringing water inside her braids. If the braids interfere with washing the hair roots, unbraiding them is fard.
8. During Ghusl, a man must completely wash his beard and the skin under the beard, even if it is very thick.
9. Washing the mustache and the skin underneath.
10. Washing the eyebrows and the skin under them.
11. A woman is obliged to wash the external part of the genital organ.

Sunnat of Ghusl:

1. Saying basmala while washing your hands before performing ghusl.
2. Expressing the intention (niyata) in the heart to perform the ghusl at the same time as reciting the basmala.
3. Washing the hands, including the wrists.
4. Removing najasa from the body before performing ghusl after washing the hands.
5. Wash the genitals and anus area.
6. Performing ablution before starting the ghusl2.
7. Washing the feet at the end of performing ghusl, if a person stands in a place where water collects.
8. Washing the whole body three times.
9. Begin complete ablution from the head.
10. After washing your head, pour water first on right shoulder, then to the left.
11. Wiping parts of the body (الدَلْك) after a person has completely washed the body with water for the first time.
12. Continuous performance of ablution.

Adab Ghusla:

The adabs of ghusl are the same as the adabs of wudhu, but while performing ghusl, a person should not turn towards the qibla, since his awrah is revealed. You should also remain silent and stop making dua.
It is advisable to perform ghusl in a place where no one can see you.
After performing ghusl, it is advisable to perform two rak'ahs of prayer, as after wudhu.
The unwanted actions during Ghusl are the same as during Wudhu. The exception is the recitation of dua: during wudhu the dua is mandub, and during ghusl it is makrooh.

Situations in which it is advisable to perform ghusl

There are four cases in which ghusl is sunnah.
1. Before Friday prayer.
According to Imam Abu Yusuf, ghusl should be performed specifically for prayer, and not for the day of juma. Thus, if a person performs ghusl before Friday prayer, but after that his ablution is broken, he will not be considered to have fulfilled the sunnah. And this opinion is the strongest in the Hanafi madhhab.
2. Before two holiday prayers (Eidul-Fitr and Eidul-Adha).
Ghusl for holiday prayers should be performed in the same way as for Friday prayers - immediately before prayer.
3. Before entering ihram during Hajj or Umrah.
Ghusl in in this case performed not for the purpose of ritual cleansing, but to cleanse the body of dirt and eliminate unpleasant odor Therefore, such a ghusl is sunnah even for a woman during Haidah or Nifas. If there is no water to perform ghusl, there is no need to perform tayammum.
4. While standing on Arafat during the Hajj, when the sun rose from its zenith.

Explanation of situations in which it is advisable (mandub) to perform a complete ablution

It is advisable to perform Ghusl:

1. A person who accepted Islam, being pure from Janaba, Haida and Nifas.
2. A person who has reached the age of majority2, but has not previously observed signs of adulthood3.
3. To someone who has regained sanity after madness, sobered up after being drunk, or woke up after fainting.
4. After performing hijama.
5. After washing the deceased.
6. On the night of Baraat.
7. To the one who realized that Laylatul-Qadr5 has arrived.
8. When visiting the Medina.
9. During your stay in Muzdalifah, when the time of Fajr holiday approaches.
10. Before entering Mecca to perform any tawaf.
11. Before performing tawaf az-ziyarah (طواف الزيارة).
12. Before performing prayers for solar and lunar eclipses.
13. Before asking for rain with dua, istighfar or prayer.
14. After a fright.
15. After daytime suddenly it gets dark.
16. During a hurricane or strong wind.
17. After repentance, returning from a journey, the end of istihadah, to a person who was wanted to be killed, but was not killed, before throwing stones during the Hajj, to a person who does not know exactly where on his body the najasah fell.

A small reminder for women on how to perform a full ablution (ghusl) after sexual intercourse, menstruation, postpartum bleeding, as well as for Friday prayers and the prayers of two holidays.

First, check out a few hadiths from Sahih al-Bukhari.

Sahih al-Bukhari (Mukhtasar)

Book 5: Book of Complete Ablution

179. (248). It is narrated from the words of the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, 'Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, that when performing a complete ablution after desecration, (the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,) began by washing his hands, then performed the following the same ablution as before prayer, then immersed his fingers in water and combed the roots of his hair with them, then poured three handfuls of water on his head, and then poured water over his entire body.

180. (249). It is reported that the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, Maymunah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: “(First) the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) performed the same ablution that he performed before prayer, except for washing his feet, then he washed his genitals ( The comments indicate that this hadith lists all necessary actions, performed by a person during a complete ablution, but they are not listed in order of priority, since first of all one should wash the genitals, and then do everything else), washing off all the discharge, then doused himself with water, and then moved his legs ( This means that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) moved to another place)and washed them. This was his complete ablution after desecration.”

190. (272). It is reported that ‘Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: “When performing a complete ablution after desecration (janaba), the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, (first) washed his hands and performed the same ablution as before prayer, then washed his body completely, and then combed his hair with his hand; feeling that the skin (of the head) was moistened, he doused (the head) with water three times, after which he washed the other (parts) of the body.”

Ghusl (complete ablution)

For simplicity, we will describe point by point one of the common options for performing ghusl according to reliable hadiths:

1. Have the intention in your heart to perform the appropriate ghusl (i.e., if after menstruation, then intend to do a complete ablution to cleanse yourself from menstruation, etc.)

2. Say Bismillah (preferable)

3. Wash your hands three times.

4. Wash the genitals, thoroughly removing any traces of menstruation, residual fluid after sexual intercourse, etc. After this, you cannot touch the genitals, so as not to spoil the ablution.

5. Wash what is washed in the process of ablution (hands, nose-mouth, face, arms from fingertips to elbows, wipe head and ears, wash feet from feet to ankles).

6. Water and wash your hair three times until the water touches the scalp.

7. Wash your ears.

8. Thoroughly wash the right half of the body (including the right leg)

9. Thoroughly wash the left half of the body (including the left leg)

10. Ablution is completed.

In sha Allah, it's simple.

I would like to note that breaking the sequence by mistake does not ruin the complete ablution, unless you specifically touch the genitals in the middle of ablution.

Scientists believe that complete ablution will be valid if a person with due intention is completely immersed in water (whether in the sea or a bath) and clothing does not prevent the water from touching the skin over the entire surface of the body. And Allah knows best.

(ghusl), according to Sharia, is washing the entire body with running water with a specific intention, that is, mandatory ritual bathing.

There are five circumstances, after which it is necessary to bathe to perform namaz, etc. These five circumstances alone are not a reason to bathe immediately. That is, if a person is in a state of desecration (junub), he is not obliged to immediately perform a complete ablution of the body, although this is highly advisable. Bathing becomes obligatory at the time of prayer.

Imam al-Bukhariy reported in his collection that Abu Salama said: “I asked ‘Aisha whether the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) fell asleep in a state of junub (as a result of sexual intercourse). ‘Aisha replied: “Yes, but before that he performed partial ablution.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) rarely did this so that people knew that this was not prohibited in Sharia.

Some ignorant people say that if a person in a state of defilement leaves home without performing complete ablution of the body, then every hair on his body curses him. This is a lie that is contrary to religion. The proof is the story of Abu Huraira, transmitted in the collection of Imam al-Bukhariy: “When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) met me, I was in a state of desecration, he took me by the hand, and we walked together. When we sat down, I quietly went to my home, did a complete ablution of the body, after which I returned to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He was still sitting. When I approached, he asked: “Where have you been, O Abu Hurayrah?” I told him that I was in a state of junub, so I left. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Subhanallah! O Abu Huraira, verily, the believer does not become najasah.".

Ritual bathing must be performed in the following cases:

1. After sperm is released. Its signs:

Pleasure during release;

The smell of fresh dough, if the sperm has not yet dried;

Egg white smell if semen is dry;

Jerky discharge with pressure.

2. After sexual intercourse, even if there was no release of sperm. According to Shariah, sexual intercourse is the penetration of the head of the genital organ into the vagina.

3. After the death of a person.

4. After the cessation of menstruation– cyclical discharge of blood from the uterus in healthy girl, women.

5. Upon completion postpartum discharge (blood discharge after the uterus is freed from the fetus).

6. After childbirth or miscarriage a, due to the origin of the child from the mixing of male and female sperm. That is, even if the birth was dry and there was no discharge after it, it is still necessary to swim.

A person who needs to bathe due to the first or second circumstance is called junub. And the state of one who is in one of these five circumstances is called "great hadas". Junub is forbidden to do everything that is prohibited to do in violation of partial ablution, as well as reading the Koran (even without touching it) and staying in the mosque.

Note: It should be noted that when performing complete ablution, the same conditions (shurut) must be observed as when performing partial ablution (see page 19). Also, the unwanted (karah) actions in both ablutions are basically identical (see page 28).

Mandatory bathing activities

The mandatory actions of ritual bathing, without which it is considered invalid, are:

1. Intention. It distinguishes habit from worship (‘ibadah), its place is in the heart, and it is done mentally. However, it is advisable to say it out loud. The intention is made simultaneously with the beginning of washing the body: “I intend to perform the obligatory full ablution for the sake of Allah.” or “...remove the big hadas” etc. If a person made an intention only after washing any part of the body, then it is necessary to wash it again along with the intention.

2. Rinse all external parts of the body(skin and hair, regardless of their thickness) with clean and suitable water for cleansing. The water must flow completely around the entire body.

Note: A person who is sure that he has no reason to perform full body ablution should under no circumstances bathe with the intention of removing major hadas.

Desirable bathing actions

Desirable actions when performing ritual bathing are:

1. facing towards the Qibla;

2. pronouncing: “Isti‘az”, “Shahads” and “Basmals” before bathing. Undesirable (makruh) do not say these words before performing ablution;

3. performing partial ablution before bathing. In this case, washing your feet can be postponed until the end of bathing, so as not to waste excess water;

4. start of ablution with right side. Pre-wet your hair three times, then wash the right half from front and back, then the left half and repeat this three times;

5. rinsing your mouth and nose, even if you did this during partial ablution;

6. washing the body with rubbing;

7. washing next body before the previous one dries;

8. saving water (it is undesirable to waste it excessively);

9. Reading the Shahada and prayer after bathing (the same prayer that is read after partial ablution).

When undressing, it is advisable for someone who washes completely naked to say:

بِسْمِ اللهِ الََّذي لا اِلهَ اِلاّ هُوَ

“Bismillah-lla h and la ilaha illya huva"

(In the name of Allah, besides Whom there is nothing worthy of worship). These words protect a person from the eyes of the jinn.

From the book "Namaz -
pillar of religion"

Cases when performing ablution Necessarily
1. Ejaculation
Allah Almighty said: “And if you are in sexual defilement, then purify yourself” (Meal, 6)

Consideration of some questions:

1. If seminal fluid is not released during a wet dream, then there is no need to perform a complete ablution, and if fluid appears, then it is necessary to bathe.

2. If a person saw seminal fluid but does not remember the emission, he must perform a complete ablution.

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Verily, there is water after water.” [Reported by Muslim]

(i.e., performing a complete ablution becomes necessary after the release of seminal fluid).

3. If the seminal fluid moves inside the penis, but it does not come out, then there is no need to perform a complete ablution.

4. Ejaculation should only be under the influence of passion, but if this happened due to illness or other similar reason, then complete ablution is not necessary.

5. If after performing a complete ablution, seminal fluid comes out, then it is not necessary to perform a full ablution again, and it is enough to perform only a small ablution.

Because the reason for releasing semen the second time is not passion, and therefore it is not necessary to perform a complete ablution again.

6. If a person woke up and saw liquid, not knowing the reason for its appearance, then the person can be in three states and no more:

a) is sure that this is seminal fluid, then he needs to perform a complete ablution, without finding out the reasons for its appearance.

b) is sure that it is not seminal fluid, then complete ablution is not necessary, and this fluid is considered urine.

c) doubts whether this is seminal fluid or not. In this case he must try to remember, and if he remembers something that indicates that it is seminal fluid, then it is seminal fluid.

If he remembers something that indicates that it is mazium (a liquid that is released during sexual arousal), then it is mazium.

And if he doesn’t remember anything, then he better take a full ablution to be on the safe side.

7. When a person sees seminal fluid, not knowing when he had a wet dream, then he needs to perform the prayers again, starting from the time when he last slept.

2. Sexual intercourse
The union of the genital organs of a man and a woman, which occurs with complete insertion of the head of the penis into the vagina, even if there has been no ejaculation.

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “When the genitals are united, it is obligatory to bathe” [Reported by at-Tirmidhi].

3. Acceptance of Islam by non-believers
Since the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) commanded Qais bin Asim when he accepted Islam swim" [Recited by Abu Dawud].

4. End of menstruation and postpartum bleeding
It is narrated from the words of Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to Fatima bint Abu Hubaysh: “Stop praying when (your usual period of menstruation) begins, and when (this period) ends, pray complete ablution, (washing off) the blood, and pray" [Hadith agreed].

And postpartum blood (nifas) is like period blood(hyde) according to the unanimous opinion of scientists.

5. Death
Since the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when they bathed his dead daughter, said: “Wash her three times, or five times, or more, if you consider it necessary” [Hadith agreed].