Production technologies. Production technologies Why glasses with yellow lenses are useful

VISION FEATURES

A person can distinguish surrounding objects only if they are illuminated and the reflected light hits the retina of his eyes. Light represents electromagnetic waves, they cause a visual sensation. Human eyes perceive the colors of the light spectrum differently. Under the same illumination, the perception of red and blue tens of times less than yellow and green. The sensitivity of the eyes to light of different wavelengths is shown by the so-called “visibility curve”. To improve the perception of less distinguishable colors and increase the contrast of vision, light filters are used.
Certain fragments of the solar spectrum have a negative effect on human eyes. It has a visible spectrum (light) and an invisible spectrum - ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR).
In most people, under the influence primarily of UV and related radiation - violet, blue and cyan - gradually accumulate destructive changes in the eyes, and vision deteriorates with age.
The most common means of protecting eyes and correcting vision is various glasses, but they must be properly selected.
In Fig:
X axis - wavelength in millimicrons
Y axis - eye sensitivity

LENSES AND FILTERS

Glasses are designed to improve vision and protect the eyes, they can be:

• corrective– correcting visual defects, mainly myopia and farsightedness;
• protective– protecting eyes from ultraviolet radiation and bright light;
• corrective and protective simultaneously.

Main part of glasses, which determines the purpose and quality, is with veto filters or lenses made of transparent materials, fixed in a frame. To protect the eyes from radiation, replaceable filters are sometimes installed on top of the lenses of corrective glasses.
Light filters are plates, films, etc., partially or selectively absorbing various types radiation. Light filters can be flat or convex, but the thickness of the material is the same over the entire surface.
Lenses This optical elements with curved surfaces and different material thicknesses. Changing the shape of the internal and external surfaces of the lenses and the distances between them allows you to obtain the required optical power, measured in diopters. Corrective glasses are equipped with converging (“plus”) and diverging (“minus”) lenses. If necessary, corrective lenses can be given the properties of light filters.
Glass filters and lenses less than plastic ones, they distort objects, provide some protection from ultraviolet light, have high abrasive resistance - they are more difficult to scratch. Unfortunately, they are heavy and unsafe, since if they break, sharp fragments can damage your eyes. Because of more weight glass lenses less comfortable and convenient. In addition, they fog up faster and more if you enter a warm room from the cold.
Plastic filters and lenses They are much lighter and safer than glass analogues, therefore they are widely used in glasses used by drivers. Their main disadvantage is low abrasive resistance. Many clear plastics allow ultraviolet radiation.
To improve the properties of light filters and lenses, darkening, anti-reflective, antistatic, water-repellent and surface-hardening coatings are applied to one or both surfaces.
Anti-reflective coatings (AR coatings) are used to eliminate glare and ghost images that create light interference. These are very thin, less than one micron, layers of metal oxides (titanium, zirconium, etc.) that are applied to the surface of the lens. In the presence of such a film, the light reflection coefficient is significantly reduced. The thickness and refractive indices of the coating layers are selected in such a way that the reflected light waves and direct ones who came to inner side the lenses were mutually cancelled. A properly selected antireflective coating reduces reflection from both surfaces of the lens and increases its light transmission. Sunglasses used to reduce light load on vision. To do this, they have filters or lenses with varying degrees darkening, for example smoky gray, distorts color perception less than others.
Quality sunglasses must meet the following basic requirements:

• loosen visible light until you feel comfortable;
• absorb some of the violet and blue light;
• almost completely reduce the intensity of ultraviolet radiation;
• maintain the driver's ability to distinguish information on the dashboard of his car, as well as other vehicles and traffic lights, and road signs, markings, etc.

Sunglasses with “mask” are darkened only in the upper part, which allows you to protect your eyes from direct sun rays and at the same time it is good to see the instrument panel. The disadvantage is that they require the driver to constantly move their head, which tires the eyesight.
Protective polarized Glasses are recommended for use as sun protection when, after rain or in winter, light is reflected from flat shiny surfaces. The lenses of such glasses have a coating (polarizer), which allows them to cut off the horizontal component of the light wave and, to a certain extent, reduce its intensity.

Anti-headlight safety glasses with yellow and orange filters can be used in cloudy weather and at night, as they increase image contrast, color discrimination and clarity of perception. A tinting mirror strip is applied to the upper third of the lens surface. The effectiveness of protection from the headlights of oncoming vehicles with various light sources is associated with their following physical characteristics:
- incandescent lamps emit yellow-white light and contain all wavelengths without exception, but relatively less violet and blue light;
- halogen lamps emit bluish-white light with a significant blue component;
- xenon headlights, the most powerful, emit blue-white light with an even greater violet-blue component.
Anti-headlight filter lenses should absorb most of the violet-blue light from any headlights. The main disadvantage is the same as that of glasses with a “mask”.

Glasses for driving in poor visibility conditions(“all-weather driving” glasses) with yellow filters:

• completely block ultraviolet radiation harmful to the eyes and increase the contrast of vision due to partial absorption of the violet-blue part of the spectrum;
• improve color discrimination, transmitting light well in the yellow-green part of the spectrum;
• relieve drowsiness and fatigue, improve perception external environment due to the transmission of light in the yellow region of the spectrum (the effect of the “sun” against the background of cloudy weather);
• Like anti-headlight lenses, they reduce glare from oncoming headlights.

Since there are products of dubious quality on sale, it is advisable to purchase glasses in specialized “Optics” stores. Well-known global manufacturers mainly sell their products through them. Any glasses must have a Russian certificate indicating their manufacturer. Branded products must have appropriate packaging with a booklet and company logo stickers on the lens. It would not be superfluous to consult a specialist.
Driver glasses must be light, durable and injury-proof, and their light filters must have sufficient large sizes, to provide protection from light not only from the front, but also from the sides, without distorting objects.
It should be remembered that any glasses with light filters or light filter lenses absorb part of the light flux and should not be used in low light conditions if:

• the light spot from the headlights of your own car is reduced so much that it no longer guarantees a timely stop in front of an obstacle;
• the side lights and brake lights of vehicles ahead become faintly visible;
• the reflected light from the retroreflectors of standing vehicles is significantly weakened and the idea of ​​the distance to them is distorted;
• The reflected light from road signs and markings is significantly weakened and their colors change.

Chameleon glasses(the name in everyday life) with photochromic light filters (or filter lenses) are ineffective in the car interior, since its glass almost does not transmit ultraviolet radiation, and it is this that causes the “automatic” darkening of these light filters. In addition, their lenses are made from mineral glass.
Select filters(lenses-filters) for all lighting conditions is impossible, so it is advisable to have several glasses with different properties in the car:

• sunglasses with gray, gray-green or, best of all, gray-brownish filters that do not distort natural colors (when using corrective glasses, you can use appropriate filters in the form of clip-on attachments);
• "driver's all-weather" to improve vision when bad conditions lighting - fog, twilight, rain, snow (the correct selection is determined by the fact that, according to subjective feelings, they improve visibility and driving comfort).
• polarized - as sunscreens, but it should be remembered that they almost halve the luminous flux and cannot be used in low light.

Caring for your glasses boils down to this:

• store glasses, especially with plastic lenses, must be in a durable case with an internal covering made of fabric or leather;
• glasses should be wiped with a thin and soft special cotton cloth;
• wash glasses in case heavy pollution a special solution or water and soap (in no case should you use organic solvents);
• place glasses on any surface with the lenses facing up;
• It is good to protect glasses from falling with a chain attached to the ears;
• adjust the fit of the glasses by bending the nose pads and ear hooks (if they are plastic, first lower them into hot water for 15-20 s).

Operating principle polarized glasses.

Polarized glasses are designed to be worn during the daytime and are mainly used when driving a car in sunny weather.

A wave in which there is a preferred direction of oscillation is called polarization. Polarization itself is possible only in transverse waves, and oscillations occur only in directions perpendicular to the direction of radiation propagation. The operating principle of polarized glasses is based on cutting off predominantly polarized reflected radiation. When driving a car, radiation reflected from the surface of other cars, as well as from the wet surface of the roadway, is cut off. When fishing, radiation reflected from the surface of the water is cut off.

How polarized glasses with yellow lenses work

In order to understand the principle of operation of glasses with yellow lenses, it is necessary to remember the spectral characteristics of radiation sources. The color change occurs continuously and contains many halftones, so the distribution of the color spectrum is conditional.

In particular, spectral colors correspond to the following wavelengths (nm):

Radiation emitted by heated solids and liquids, has a continuous spectrum, i.e. contains all wavelengths in the visible range. The maximum is located at around 555 nm.

As can be easily seen from the graph, when using sunglasses with a transmittance of 50% (for example, polarized ones), the maximum relative visibility will simply drop to around 0.5, and when using glasses with a yellow component transmission it will remain almost at the same level. Therefore, the use of such glasses in cloudy weather and at night does not lead to significant loss of visibility.

The glow spectrum of atomic gases and vapors is a set of individual lines with characteristic wavelengths determined by the structure of the shells of the atoms of a given element. In particular, with halogen sources (car headlights), the main brightness is shifted to the blue region.

Let's move on to incandescent headlights. Radiation emitted by heated solids has a continuous spectrum, i.e. contains all wavelengths without exception, including the UV range. The characteristic color of incandescent lamps is “yellowish-white”.

Halogen headlight bulbs emit a "blue-white" color. The glow spectrum of atomic gases and vapors is a set of individual lines with characteristic wavelengths determined by the structure electronic shells atoms of a given element. For example, the main spectral lines of helium atoms in the visible range are 447, 492, 587, 667, and 706 nm. Halogen lamps also have spectral lines in the UV range.

Now let's look at the yellow lenses in the glasses.

The overwhelming majority of people believe that to get yellow lenses you just need to paint transparent glass or plastic yellow. But that's not true.

Option #1. Make light filters with a narrow bandwidth (570-590 nm). In this case, they will transmit only the yellow component of light. All surrounding objects will turn yellow - some darker, others lighter. A sort of “gray-yellow movie”. It is unlikely that you can work at a computer or drive a car wearing such glasses. The color loss is simply terrible.

Option #2. Using the laws of color composition. It is known that if from white remove the blue component, it will turn yellow. Thus. If glass or plastic is coated with a coating that reflects the blue component of light, the transmitted white radiation will turn yellow. The same thing will happen if a dye is introduced into a mass of glass or plastic, which will absorb and (or) reflect the blue component.

Protective properties of glasses with yellow lenses

1. Any filter that reduces background light improves contrast visible image and therefore improves its clarity. The main thing for the human eye is to preserve or restore (cloudy, twilight, fog) the yellow component of light, because in the daytime, the maximum spectral visibility (perception by the eye) corresponds to a wavelength of 555 nm. The main wavelength band of spectral visibility is 500-600 nm, i.e. completely includes the yellow component 570-590 nm.

2. Cloudy weather, fog, twilight. The maximum spectral visibility shifts to the blue-green region (as intended by nature!). It is necessary to deceive the human brain and eyes - change color perception to yellow - the daytime region. At the same time, judging by the spectral transmittance of coatings for glass and plastics, part of the blue-green region of the spectrum is not suppressed. Of course, there are color losses, but they are not drastic. In this case, the blue-white background light is significantly suppressed. The improvements in comfort and image sharpness are enormous - put on your glasses and all doubts will go away!

3. Night driving - polarized lenses yellow. Color perception - see point 2.

A. Incandescent lamps. Yellow lenses not only transmit, but also largely reflect the yellow component (they absorb the blue). This is the effect of protection from oncoming headlights.

B. Halogen lamps have a significant blue component of the emitted light. Yellow glass they simply filter out a significant portion of the blue component.

The use of polarized glasses is determined by the fact that the sun is the enemy of car enthusiasts. Its activity has a significant impact on the driver’s well-being, his attention and reaction speed. It should be noted that even a simple sunbeam can lead to an accident with fatal. That's why driver's glasses are necessary.

Where should you expect danger while driving?

In sunny weather the most dangerous time The period from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. is considered. The light at this moment is brightest, and ultraviolet radiation is harsher. In the morning and evening time its intensity subsides. However, at the same time, the light begins to shine directly into the eyes of the person who is driving. It hits a person's face at an angle of 45 degrees. The driver begins to squint. Due to this, the viewing angle is reduced. If you do not use special glasses for the driver, then the obstacle can be seen only 5 meters in front of the car.

Standard visors, used as sun protection, do not help in all situations. They will not be able to protect you in a situation where the rays are reflected from a wet road. Naturally, direct light in this case does not pose any danger. But wet asphalt acts as a mirror, reflecting the sun's rays. Accordingly, neither a visor nor a special protective strip on the glass can help.

The danger is posed not only by wet asphalt, but also by straight glass on oncoming trucks and buses. You can become momentarily blind when leaving a dark place. It serves as a garage, tunnel, underground parking. If the driver does not see anything, then he should turn on the emergency lights, stop without changing lanes, and wait until vision is completely restored.

Those glasses for the driver that do not have special UV protection can lead to total loss vision. What is this connected with? A stream of light containing ultraviolet radiation will enter the retina of the eye. This can cause a burn, which in turn will lead to a significant decrease in vision. In such a situation, you can become completely blind.

Improving your vision with glasses

Must be used polarized glasses for drivers who have a special filter. The reflected light will be scattered in them. Accordingly, the overview will improve. A special layer located in the center of the lens will cut off reflected light, making glare almost completely disappear. You can purchase polarized glasses for drivers in automobile stores, in specialized departments for fishing and recreation, and in pharmacies. They are also available to order online. You can feel more comfortable wearing these glasses. In addition to glasses, you should think about the cleanliness of the glass, which glares quite strongly when dirty. It needs to be washed constantly.

An important element for a comfortable ride

Not long ago, special glasses for drivers could only cause a skeptical grin. At first glance, they were no different from simple sun protection ones. In reality, things are a little different. Experts recommend purchasing glasses designed for driving in poor visibility conditions and in too intense light. In order not to make a mistake when purchasing glasses, you need to take your choice seriously. Some design features require attention.

What should the frame be like?

What should you pay attention to first when purchasing anti-glare glasses for drivers? The frame must meet some basic requirements. The driver should feel comfortable wearing glasses and not experience any negative sensations. Glasses that are completely suitable for drivers do not squeeze the temples or bridge of the nose. You need to choose those that do not constantly slide onto the tip of the nose and do not cause irritation or discomfort. In other words, glasses should not distract attention from the road. The ideal frame is characterized by lightness. It is not wide and has narrow ears. There is a nose pad. The ends of the arms in this frame are made of rubber. You should pay attention to how the earhooks are attached to the frame. Compared to regular glasses, they must be fixed to the top or to the bottom. Due to this, the driver's field of vision will not be limited.

What should the lenses be like?

When choosing anti-glare glasses for drivers, you should also pay attention to the lenses. They can be made from materials such as plastic or glass. Both are capable of providing the same comfort. But glasses with plastic lenses are safer. This is due to the fact that during an accident they do not injure the eyes.

If we talk about special coatings for lenses, then modern stage there are several different options. In specialized stores, the driver can be offered anti-glare glasses or glasses with gradient tinting. You can also purchase ones that are great for driving in poor visibility. There are quite a lot of options.

The blinding of a person behind the wheel by glare from oncoming vehicles, from a wet road, from windows and windshields, from chrome and other shiny surfaces is quite common cause road accidents. Glasses for drivers have an internal anti-reflex coating that reliably protects the eyes from various glares and from excess sunlight.

Almost the same function is performed by glasses already liked by most drivers, which have gradient tinting. In them upper part The lenses are darkened as much as possible. It has a mirror coating. In the direction from top to bottom, the intensity of darkening decreases. It turns out that a person’s eyes are protected from bright light and glare. Through bottom part The lenses of the instrument panel are clearly visible.

Models that are necessary for driving in poor visibility

In addition, you can purchase glasses for drivers that are suitable for driving when insufficient visibility. For example, during snowfall or heavy rain. Lenses in this kind glasses are colored yellow, orange or red. They block rays of the blue-violet spectrum. Glasses of this type help to increase contrast, as well as improve color perception of surrounding components. The level of absent-mindedness and drowsiness decreases, since its causes are often visual fatigue. The lenses used in driver's glasses (yellow, orange or red) greatly help reduce glare from headlights from oncoming vehicles.

Models for visually impaired drivers

But many people have poor eyesight. Is it possible to find glasses for drivers with prescription glasses? Regardless of the fact that many glasses use simple lenses, there are also models that are suitable for people with poor eyesight. Many experts suggest purchasing glasses that are equipped optical glasses with special anti-reflective tinting. When such models are manufactured, a polarizing coating is applied to the lenses. After this they are darkened.

Additional funds

You need to purchase not only glasses for the driver (night glasses, anti-glare, gradient-tinted). Naturally, they will help reduce eye strain by protecting them from glare and bright sun rays. But they protect from the outside. Therefore, you should purchase products that will help protect your eyes from the inside. It has been found that using a substance such as lutein, it is possible to reduce the time it takes for vision to recover after being blinded by the sun's rays or the headlights of oncoming vehicles at night. Using this device can improve visual acuity and color perception. Eye fatigue will be reduced after a long period of driving.

How to find the best option?

In order to determine which glasses will be optimal for you, you should visit specialized stores or opticians. I need to try on several pairs. You can also consult with specialists. But it is worth understanding that even the most best models will not eliminate the need to be extremely careful while driving. Regardless of whether you have anti-glare glasses or anti-headlight glasses for drivers or not, you must follow the traffic rules.

What can be caused by glare?

Bright sun rays, blinding light from oncoming headlights... These factors can not only cause eye fatigue, but also lead to diseases. For example, glaucoma or cataracts. In order to protect drivers who spend most of their time behind the wheel, special glasses were created. It is worth considering what their distinctive features are.

There is an opinion that the founder of this type of glasses was Academician S.N. Fedorov. He designed relaxation-combination glasses that protect the eyes from excess light.

Which models are the most popular? Driver reviews

The Cafa France driver's polarized glasses also protect the eyes. Judging by the reviews, this is the most popular brand. They were developed specifically for drivers. They should be worn when driving in unfavorable conditions for vision: in bright sun, glare from asphalt after rains, at dusk. They will also help with blinding light from the headlights of oncoming vehicles.

Operating principle and distinctive features

Why do drivers respond so well to these models? The lenses in glasses of this kind are special light filters made of fairly high-quality plastic or mineral glass. They are coated with a thin layer of material that creates polarizing vibrations. These waves act only in the perpendicular direction of radiation. In other words, glasses are not only comfortable, but also provide high eye protection.

Ordinary light contains unpolarized waves. This is due to the fact that its atoms move freely in space. In order to change and order their structure, special linear-unidirectional polarizers are used. They contribute to the separation of radiation from ordinary light, which subsequently transmits vibrations in a certain direction.

At the interface, some of the rays are reflected. The rest are refracted. The vibrations of those rays that were reflected are mainly perpendicular to the plane on which they fall. At a certain angle of incidence, the reflected rays become linearly polarized.

Advantages

Cafa France driver glasses contribute to:

1. Significantly improved visibility in fog, during precipitation, at dusk, etc.
2. Reduce brightness from glare from oncoming vehicles.
3. Reducing the degree of fatigue and drowsiness.

Anti-reflective lenses are generally labeled special sign AR. They differ from simple glasses:

1. Complete delay of ultraviolet rays.
2. Optimizing the intensity of those solar rays that are transmitted. The degree of clarity and contrast of the visible image increases.
3. Good restoration of the normal state of eye tissues.

How good is the yellow lens color?

What can you say about the color of driving glasses? Yellow lenses, judging by the reviews of numerous drivers, are the most preferable. But that's not true. You should not wear this kind of model all the time. Naturally, they help improve contrast. But due to them, color and spatial sensations also change. This is especially true if windshield is not in perfectly clean condition.

Mostly yellow have anti-night glasses. For the driver it is in the dark that they are optimal, as they help brighten the image, making it clearer and more contrasty. These models are also popular among fishermen and hunters. However, they are suitable for all sports lovers.

Are glasses with different lens colors any good? Reviews from specialists and drivers

In addition to yellow, lenses can be black, transparent, brown or gray. In addition, they can be anti-reflective or night, day or with diopters. Each individual model is designed for specific conditions and vision conditions. For example, if you have visual impairments, it is better not to use polarized glasses. In such a situation the best option are “chameleons” that are able to adapt to the lighting.

What other nuances differ from driver glasses? Reviews from many experts say that it is best to abandon those models whose lenses have purple or blue tint. It is believed that they entail the development of lens diseases. Pink lenses contribute to headaches and nerve problems. Dark ones perfectly resist direct blinding rays, reflections from wet asphalt and glass.

Which glasses won't make your eyes get too tired?

Eyes will be less tired in glasses whose lenses have a green, gray or brown tint. But you shouldn’t use them all the time, since they also change color perception. It is best to use them in the dark or in cloudy weather, as they make the image lighter, clearer and more contrasty.

To prevent your eyes from getting too tired while driving at night, you should set the headlights to the middle position. In the event that they illuminate the wheels or trunk glass vehicle, which goes ahead, then the eyes will begin to strain more. The light beam needs to be directed slightly higher than the bumper of the car in front.

When choosing glasses, you should primarily focus on such aspects as protection, safety and comfort. In addition, they must to the fullest match the image of its owner.

Conclusion

In this review, we examined the main nuances that characterize driver's night glasses, anti-reflective glasses, and polarized glasses. We hope this will help you make a choice in favor of the optimal model.

From the picture you can already guess: 1) for drivers, 2) and of course, for computer scientists! 3) and more
And now some text from the author Ursego , from which we learn a lot of interesting things “If you watched “Projector Pereshilton” with Ivan Okhlobystin, you probably noticed that he came wearing glasses with yellow lenses:

About what yellow filters do not allow harmful rays of the blue part of the spectrum to pass through, I didn’t read it on the Internet right away, but it all started when a few years ago I started working as a taxi driver, and at night. What is night driving? This is a generally dark picture outside the window (as a result of which the pupils dilate compared to daytime), but when the headlights of an oncoming car come into view, they simply burn out the retina (in the daytime, it doesn’t matter - the pupils are Already!). And while driving, this joy is generally constant, and not once an hour... But a colleague (a seasoned wolf of the taxi business) saved me - he advised me to drive in yellow glasses(and due to the fact that I’m already a bespectacled person, I bought an overhead filter on a clothespin for 6 bucks). The mechanism is simple - the contrast decreases. Bright things become dimmer, but black things do not become blacker, i.e. the difference between the extreme points decreases. The result was amazing - my eyes stopped getting tired! By the way, a very interesting effect (or illusion?) was discovered - you put on yellow filters at night and suddenly it seems that the picture has become clearly lighter. I don’t know why - either the pupils are dilating, or it’s psychological... In short, if you are a professional driver (or just sometimes drive at night), then buy without hesitation - well, just without hesitation at all! By the way, if you’re a killer, then too - these glasses are given out at the shooting range so that the picture is clearer and more contrasty (I saw it when I took a kid to shoot with a real pistol somewhere on the northern outskirts).

But there is another use - for those who spend many hours at the computer. I specially ordered a pair (I have diopters) and keep them at work (by the way, this color is called amber in English, otherwise you will, like me, rub the poor saleswoman about yellow...) - sitting down in the morning to workplace, I put them on instead of the usual ones (with the same diopters, but made of transparent glass). But sometimes I forget to change my glasses, but then after a few hours an automatic reminder comes and my eyes hurt. I change it and the pain goes away. In short, if you also spend whole days with your face buried in a computer screen, then buy without hesitation - well, just without hesitation at all!