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"St George's Cross" is the national flag of England. It is a rectangular red cross on a white background. Saint George - heavenly patron England. The Banner of St. George, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, appeared in the English army during the reign of King Richard the Lionheart. Later it became national flag and ensign royal navy. According to another version, supported by many historians, the “cross of St. George” was originally the flag of the Genoese Republic. And the English kings paid an annual tribute to the Genoese doges for the right to use the flag on their ships and count on the protection of the powerful Genoese fleet.
"Lions Walking Alert" is a traditional English coat of arms. The lion was originally the emblem of the Plantagenet dynasty, monarchs who ruled England from the mid-12th to the end of the 14th century. Under the most famous representative of this dynasty, Richard the Lionheart, there were three lions. Over time, the state emblem of Great Britain was supplemented by other symbols. But even now the logo based on three lions is used by many English public organizations, in particular, English football.
The "Tudor Rose" is another well-known heraldic. Symbolizes the end of the destructive civil “War of the Scarlet and White Roses.” The long-term confrontation ended with the ascension to the throne of Henry VII Tudor. His father came from the House of Lancaster, whose symbol was the scarlet rose. The mother was the heir to the previously hostile House of York, which was symbolized by a white rose.
The golden harp on a blue field is the state coat of arms of the Irish Republic. The harp became the symbol of the country back in the 15th century. Why this became the state emblem is not known to historians for certain. In Carl Allard's book “On Flags,” published in 1708, there is such a version: one of the ancient Irish rulers chose the harp as a symbol of his personal heavenly patron, the biblical king and prophet David, the famous poet and musician.
The shamrock is a trade symbol of Ireland, officially registered in the World Intellectual Property Register. In Irish, the emblem is called "shamrock", which means "clover". Depicted as a three-leaf clover leaf. According to legend, the heavenly patron of Ireland, Saint Patrick, used the example of a shamrock to explain the meaning of the church’s teaching about the Trinity.
On at the moment The coat of arms of Great Britain belongs to Elizabeth II, and the government and other royals have their own coats of arms. The coat of arms of Great Britain can be seen in two versions, since Scotland's is completely different.
The national coat of arms of the kingdom and Northern Ireland depicts a shield supported by two lions and a horse - symbolizing power and labor. The shield itself is divided into 4 parts - the coats of arms of England, Scotland and the Irish state. Legend has it that the blue ribbon under the shield with the inscription “Let him who thinks evil of it be ashamed” are the true words of King George after he saw a lady’s bandage on the floor during a ball. A crown is placed on top of the shield, symbolizing the monarchy. The lion, which is located even higher than the crown, is a symbol of state power. There is a ribbon on the shield that says “God and my right.”
The usual version of the coat of arms depicts two lions and seven leopards, six of which shine in gold, located on the shield in the 1st and 4th divisions of the shield in threes. The azure lion in the background is a symbol of Scotland. The remaining leopard is wearing a crown and kleinod, and the golden lion, also wearing a crown, holds a shield on the right side. The other side of the shield is held by a chained unicorn.
Scottish version The coat of arms depicts 4 lions and 3 leopards, five individuals are located on the shield, leopards belong to England, and lions to Scotland. A crowned lion is positioned with a crest, and the second, also crowned, holds a shield on the left. On the right side, a unicorn in chains supports a shield. Both versions of the coat of arms have an image of a harp in the third division - this is Ireland.
For more than 200 years - from 1763 to 1982 - Canada was first a possession and then a dominion of Great Britain (a state that observed the interests of British Empire). The multinational composition of the country's population, the predominance of the British and French among its inhabitants, and historical circumstances had a special influence on its state symbols. The coat of arms of Canada is related to the British one; their details have much in common.
Symbolic elements of the coat of arms of Canada
The current coat of arms of Canada was approved in 1921. The state emblem depicts a shield pointed at the bottom, supported on both sides by a lion and a unicorn. Next to them are flagpoles with the banners of France and Great Britain. Around the shield is a scarlet ribbon with the motto Desiderantes Melioreum Patriam, translated from Latin meaning “They desired a better country.”
At the top point of the framing circle rises a knight's helmet with a fluttering mantle of red and red maple leaves. white. The maple is a symbol of Canada. Until 1957, the color of the leaves was green, then it was replaced by national shades. On the helmet stands a crowned lion with a maple leaf in its raised paw. The composition is topped with a British crown, indicating that the state is a constitutional monarchy, headed by ruling representative royal dynasty of Great Britain.
Elements of the base of the coat of arms
At the base, the coat of arms of Canada contains two flowering branches with roses (personification of England), lilies (France), thistle inflorescences (symbol of Scotland), clover leaves (Ireland). Just above is an azure ribbon, the folds of which smoothly border lower limbs shield holders and the edge of the shield. Inscribed on it is the biblical saying A mari usque admare, meaning that the country's territories extend from the sea of one ocean to the waters of the other two.
Features of the shield and its supporting figures
The shield on the coat of arms of Canada is divided into five parts. The first four symbolize states whose residents took an active part in the development of Canadian lands. These are England (a red field with three resting golden lions), Scotland (a red lion rising on a golden background), Ireland (a golden harp on an azure background), France (three lilies on an azure background). The fifth field is silver in color, it depicts a maple branch with three leaves, meaning the formation of a single nation from representatives of different nationalities.
No less important have the characteristics of those holding the shield on the coat of arms of Canada. The shield holders are the figures of a unicorn and a lion. The first holds the flag of Great Britain, the second holds the flag of France. The unicorn symbolizes the combination of wisdom, purity and impartiality. Leo is the personification of nobility, courage and power. Bright red claws and tongues of animals signify the country's readiness to protect its interests and the ability to repel an enemy attack. The chain on the unicorn is broken, which asserts the ability to resist oppression from other powers.
Common features of the coats of arms of Canada and England
The state emblems of these states have many of the same elements. The coats of arms of Great Britain and Canada both feature a pointed shield held by a unicorn and a lion. But they have many differences. The lion's head on the British symbol is crowned and facing the viewer, the shield is divided into four fields corresponding administrative units United Kingdom. There are no flags; the crown representing the monarchy is crowned with a helmet on which stands a lion. The outline of a knight's headdress is represented by a developing ermine mantle.
There are two versions of the coat of arms, one of which is used exclusively in Scotland. In this version, flags are depicted, but the arrangement of animal figures is diametrically opposite compared to the Canadian and English version. The lion located at the top of the emblem does not stand, but sits. Its color is purple, in its paws there is a sword and a scepter with a tip in the shape of a golden lily.
Common elements in state symbols show the close connection between these countries located on different continents. The coat of arms of Canada has undergone several changes, its modern version was approved in 1994. It is widely used in the design of buildings and documentation government agencies, depicted on banknotes and coins, adorns the cover of the passport of Canadian citizens.
| Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | |
|---|---|
| Versions | |
 Royal coat of arms of Great Britain (Scottish version) |
|
| Details | |
| Carrier | Elizabeth II |
| Approved | 1837 |
| Crest | Crowned Leopard |
| Crown | Crown of St. Edward |
| Helmet | Golden royal |
| Shield | Contains the coats of arms of England, Scotland, Ireland |
| Shield holders | Crowned Lion and Unicorn |
| Base | Green soil covered with Tudor Roses |
| Motto | Dieu et mon droit (God and my right) |
| Orders | Order of the Garter |
| In all Acts of Parliament; in British passports; in various government departments; on coins (2008) | |
| Media files on Wikimedia Commons | |
Blazon
Standard option
The shield is four-part; in the first and fourth scarlet quarters the coat of arms of England is a leopard; in the second, golden, with a scarlet double inner border, flourished and counter-flowered with scarlet lilies, the quarter is the coat of arms of Scotland: a scarlet rising lion with azure claws and tongue; in the third azure quarter is the coat of arms of Ireland with a helmet crowned with a royal crown; The mantle is golden, lined with ermine; on the helmet stands a golden crowned leopard with silver claws and a scarlet tongue; around the shield is the ribbon of the Most Noble Order of the Garter; By right side a golden crowned lion leopard with scarlet claws and tongue, on the left is a rising silver unicorn, with a golden mane, horn, and hooves, shackled in a golden chain; both stand on a green lawn overgrown with roses, thistles and clover; on it is the motto: “Dieu et mon droit”, which means “God and my right”, inscribed in gold on a silver ribbon with a gold border, lined with gold.
Scottish version
The shield is four-part; in the first and fourth gold quarters, with a scarlet double inner border, blooming and counter-flowering scarlet lilies, the quarters are the coat of arms of Scotland: a scarlet rising lion with azure claws and tongue; in the second scarlet quarter the coat of arms of England: three gold, with azure claws and tongues, leopards; in the third azure quarter the coat of arms of Ireland: a golden harp with silver strings; the shield is surmounted by a gold tournament helmet, crowned in Scottish style; The mantle is golden, lined with ermine; sitting on the helmet is a scarlet lion, crowned in Scottish style, with azure claws and tongue, holding in his right paw a state sword with a golden hilt and a silver blade, and in his left - a golden scepter; above the lion is the motto “In Defens”, an abbreviation for “In My Defens God Me Defend”, which means “In my defense God protects me”, inscribed in scarlet on a silver ribbon; around the shield is a chain of the Most Ancient and Noble Order of the Thistle, with the badge of St. Andrew; on the right side is a rising silver unicorn with a golden mane, horn, and hooves, crowned in Scottish style, shackled in gold chain and supporting the banner of Scotland - an azure panel, beveled on the right and left with a silver St. Andrew's cross, trimmed with gold fringe; on the left - a golden lion leopard with scarlet claws and tongue, crowned in English and supporting the banner of England - a silver panel, dissected and crossed by a scarlet St. George's Cross, trimmed with gold fringe; both are standing on a green lawn overgrown with thistles; on it is the motto “Nemo me impune lacessit”, which means “No one will touch me with impunity”, inscribed in gold on an azure ribbon, lined with gold.
Story
Three leopards on a red field (officially they are called “walking lions on alert”) appeared on the English coat of arms under King Richard I the Lionheart. Armorial shield with three leopards or lions for a long time remained the only symbol of England.
During Hundred Years' War, which lasted from 1337 to 1453, and was known as the War of the Leopard and the Lily, the English coat of arms underwent changes. When the French Capetian royal dynasty ended in 1328, among the contenders for the French throne was the English king from the Plantagenet dynasty, Edward III (1312-1377). When Philip VI of Valois was elected king, Edward III, as a sign of his claims to the throne of France, cut and crossed the field of the shield, leaving traditional leopards in the second and third quarters, and in the first and fourth he placed an azure field strewn with golden lilies - the emblem of France. He followed the heraldic rule that the children of a heraldic heiress (a woman who has a family coat of arms) can place her coat of arms along with their father's coat of arms in their coat of arms. To do this, they must divide the shield of the coat of arms into four parts, depicting the father's coat of arms in the first and fourth quarters, and the mother's coat of arms in the second and third. In full accordance with the rules, Edward should have placed leopards in the first and fourth quarters of the shield, but gave this position to lilies, which, in the event of victory, would more accurately reflect the ratio of the English and French parts of his future united kingdom. In this form, the English coat of arms existed until 1800, when the mention of France disappeared from the royal title. Henry IV (1367-1413) left only three lilies on his coat of arms (this symbol is called "fleur-de-lis").
In 1603, James VI of Scotland ascended the English throne under the name James I (in the Russian tradition, the names of biblical characters, saints, high clergy and European monarchs are given in Greek form - therefore James, not James). Under him, the coat of arms was replenished with the emblems of Scotland and Ireland. The Scottish red lion in a field of gold was the ancient coat of arms of the County of Fife and the Thane of Fife Macduff. In the 13th century, this coat of arms was decorated with a red inner border, which later, in the 15th century, the Scottish Parliament tried unsuccessfully to abolish. The golden harp became the coat of arms of Ireland back in the 15th century. The origin of this symbol is unclear. The Nassau and Hanoverian dynasties, which replaced the Stuarts, placed shields with their family coats of arms on the English coat of arms. Finally, under Queen Victoria (1819-1901), the coat of arms of Great Britain took on a form that remains unchanged to this day.
The figures of shield holders have changed several times over the centuries. IN different times the shield was supported by falcons, a white swan, a yal, and the king’s white boar Richard III(1452-1485), a red Welsh dragon indicating Celtic Tudor origins, the Silver Hound of the County of Richmond. Since 1603, a crowned British lion and a unicorn have been installed at the shield. The golden helmet of the English coat of arms is crowned with the crown of St. Edward, which appeared in the coat of arms during the reign of Charles II (1633-1701). The top of the helmet is a golden crowned leopard, called the British lion. The mantle is gold, lined with ermine.
