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Eternal flame in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Eternal Flame (memorial complex, Salavat)

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Starovolzhsky Bridge in Tver is one of the “ business cards"of this city. It is unlike other bridges in the city and many Volga bridges in general. It is distinguished by special elegance. When you are in Tver, be sure to walk along it, carefully examine its structures, and admire the views of the Volga and embankments.

View of the Starovolzhsky Bridge and the Volga from the City Garden

History of the Starovolzhsky Bridge in Tver

Previously, the bridge across the Volga in Tver was a pontoon bridge. It was located between and the monument to Afanasy Nikitin. They say that the bridge was built by order of Per the Great in just three hours. Allegedly, the king asked local traders how much a bunch of greenery cost. They answered, they say, “the goods are cheap, but the transportation is half the price.” Then the autocrat ordered to build a floating bridge.

With the growth of the city and the development of industry, its capabilities became insufficient. The construction of a new bridge across the Volga has become an urgent problem. However, as always, it all came down to financial issues. In the end, most of the required amount was allocated from the treasury. The remaining part was added by a Belgian-French company that was building a carriage plant in the Volga region and was interested in uninterrupted communication across the Volga.

In 1895 in St. Petersburg, process engineer V.F. Tochisky prepared a project for a new bridge, which was implemented in 1897-1900 by the Czech engineer L.I. Masek. On September 8, 1900, the grand opening of the New Bridge, as it was then called, took place. It became the first permanent bridge across the Volga in Tver. Travel on the platform was free; the city authorities covered the maintenance costs. After the construction of the second bridge, Novovolzhsky, in 1956, the first one began to be called Starovolzhsky, or simply Old.

New bridge in Tver (now Starovolzhsky)

With its outlines, the Starovolzhsky Bridge in Tver resembles the Freedom Bridge (formerly Franz Josef Bridge) across the Danube in Budapest, built in 1894-1896. The length of the Starovolzhsky Bridge is 215.5 meters, the width of the roadway was originally 5.7 meters, the width of the sidewalks was 2.5 meters on each side. The bridge was maintained by three watchmen and a mechanic.

This is what the Starovolzhsky Bridge looked like at the beginning of the 20th century

In front of the entrance to the bridge there were elegant cast lanterns, two on each side. In 1972, they were moved to the Pushkin monument on Teatralnaya Square in Tver. The bridge was illuminated by 48 kerosene lamps. The wooden flooring was replaced twice a year. In 1904, the approaches to the bridge were paved.

Starovolzhsky Bridge. View towards Zavolzhsky Park

In 1931, a tram line ran across the Starovolzhsky Bridge, which existed until 1956. Later, trolleybus routes were launched along it.

Old Volzhsky Bridge from Zavolzhsky Park

Gerber system

The bridge was built according to a system proposed by the German engineer Heinrich Gerber (1832–1912). A small beam, called a Gerber beam, hangs between far-protruding cantilevers of iron or steel trusses. Thanks to this solution, the bridge can cover long distances.

Starovolzhsky Bridge from Zavolzhsky Park

However, at the Starovolzhsky Bridge, the trusses, riveted from sheet steel, were installed not on 5 supports, but only on 4. Part of the load was transferred to plumb lines in the form of cast iron slabs at the ends of the trusses, placed in special chambers in the coastal supports. Thanks to this solution, it was possible to increase the length of the cantilever truss in the middle part of the bridge and give it the shape of a curved arc. The result is a graceful and airy bridge.

Against the background of the Starovolzhsky Bridge, the monument to A.S. Pushkin, installed in the City Garden of Tver, looks beautiful

They say that the Starovolzhsky Bridge inspired the architect A.V. Vlasov (1900-1962) during its construction Crimean bridge in Moscow (opened May 1, 1938).

War and reconstruction

In October 1941 Soviet troops, retreating from Tver, were forced to blow up the bridge in order to make it difficult for the enemy to cross the Volga. Immediately after the liberation of Kalinin from the Germans, its restoration began. By 1947, the bridge across the Volga was completely restored.

Destroyed Starovolzhsky Bridge

The Starovolzhsky Bridge, blown up during the Great Patriotic War

In 1982-1985, the Starovolzhsky Bridge in Tver was completely reconstructed. The wooden surface was replaced with asphalt concrete, the roadway was widened to 9 m. In addition, new load-bearing structures of spans were installed, trusses were updated, and coastal underground passages were made.

In general, the external outlines of the bridge were preserved, but some unique engineering solutions were lost. Many Tver residents believe that as a result of such reconstruction, the bridge has lost some of its charm.

Structures of the Starovolzhsky Bridge

In 2016, the Starovolzhsky Bridge in Tver was closed again for repairs, which ended at the end of May of the same year.

Support of the Starovolzhsky Bridge

For the first time, the anniversary of the Victory was celebrated widely and solemnly in May 1965, 20 years after the end of the Great Patriotic War. A number of memorial complexes were opened in the country for this event. Our city was no exception - in the park named after. Minin in the Kremlin, next to the obelisk of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky, at the Clock Tower, a memorial complex was opened in memory of those Gorky residents who gave their lives defending the Fatherland.

The realized version of the memorial complex dedicated to the Gorky soldiers who died during the war of 1941-1945 was completed in 1964 according to a design selected as a result of a competition. The funds for its construction were donated by city enterprises. The opening took place on May 9, 1965.

In the State Archive of Special Documentation Nizhny Novgorod region in the documents of the fund of the design institute of civil engineering, planning and urban development "Gorkovgrazhdanproekt" there is a complete set of technical documentation for the memorial complex and reconstruction of the park named after. Minin, and in the fund of the city department of culture - a passport for a historical and architectural monument. The authors of the memorial complex are architects: S.A. Timofeev, B.S. Nelyubin, V.Ya. Kovalev; artists: V.V. Lyubimov, E.E. Lamster, N.P. Topunov, A.M. Shvaikin.

The memorial complex has a frontal composition stretching along the upper edge of the slope in the western part of the Kremlin. In honor of the immortality and glory of warriors, the Eternal Flame burns. Nearby is the main (high) stele, lined with granite slabs. On it, a chisel depicts the figures of two soldiers leading a battle, and the dates - 1941-1945. On the other side of this stele are the words “Eternal memory of the Gorky residents who died in the battles for the freedom and independence of our Motherland,” and next to them are the names of the Gorky residents - Heroes Soviet Union who died at the front. On the side stele are carved in granite the names of Gorky residents who repeated the exploits of Alexander Matrosov and Nikolai Gastello, who were forever included in the lists military units, and the poems of the poet V. Polovinkin, full of solemnity and sorrow:

“Comrades, remember the lives of those who defended,

They saved us both sunshine and joy.

For honor, for freedom, for the homeland of the fallen

Consider them walking side by side forever.”

Later (May 9, 1970), the T-34 tank, built during the war at the Sormovo plant, entered the memorial complex as a symbol of the labor contribution of Gorky residents to achieving Victory. And on June 21, 1995, at the request of veteran tankers, the text was engraved on its granite pedestal: “The T-34 tank was built at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant.” April 13, 1945 one of the first to liberate the city of Vienna.”

In 1976, the letters of the main stele with the names of the heroes were gilded, in 1978 - the letters of the low stele, where the verses are carved.

By Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 624 of December 4, 1974, the memorial complex was placed under state protection. The complex has the status of a historical and architectural monument of republican significance.

Noting the exceptional services of the Gorky defenders (now Nizhny Novgorod residents) to the Motherland, in 1964 the Gorky City Executive Committee decided: “For the 20th anniversary of the Victory, create a memorial complex in honor of the Gorky residents who died during the Great Patriotic War.” The grand opening took place on May 8, 1965, on the eve of the 20th anniversary of Victory Day. Memorial complex "Eternal Flame" is located in Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, not far from St. Michael the Archangel Cathedral. Since 1980, it was decided to organize near the memorial guard of honor consisting of schoolchildren. The authors of the project were: Honored Architect of Russia, Corresponding Member Russian Academy architecture and construction sciences (RAASN) Timofeev S.A., first vice-president of the Union of Architects of Russia, corresponding member of the RAASN, Honored Architect of Russia Nelyubin B.S., architect Kovalev V.Ya. and artists Lyubimov V.V., Lamster E.E., Topupov N.P., Shvaikin A.M. In just one year (from 1964 to 1965), the team of authors formed the general idea of the ensemble, completed models and sketches of the complex, after which models of the main elements were made and installed and improvements were made to the memorial. On May 9, 1970, a T-34 tank was installed on the territory of the complex as a symbol of the labor contribution of Gorky residents to achieving Victory.

At the center of the memorial complex is an eternal flame, shining on a tetrahedral gray granite pedestal. The ensemble itself consists of two granite steles. Near the first stela, no more than one and a half meters high, there are gilded wreaths along the entire length, symbolizing the soldiers missing during the bloody war. The other depicts two fighters and the date of the beginning and end of the Great Patriotic War, and on back side The names of Gorky residents - Heroes of the Soviet Union who died at the front, and the inscription: “Eternal glory to the Gorky residents who died in battles for the freedom and independence of our Motherland!” are inscribed. On the side of the stele there are verses by the poet V. Polovinkin embossed in gold letters:

"Comrades, remember the lives of those who defended

They saved us both sunshine and joy.

For honor, for freedom, for the homeland of the fallen

Consider us walking side by side forever."

Memorial complex "Eternal Flame"- a complex in honor of the defenders of the Motherland, residents of the city of Salavat, who fell in heroic battles.

Memorial "Eternal Flame"
Monument

53°20′28″ n. w. 55°55′54″ E. d. HGIOL
Country	Russia Russia
City	Salavat

The memorial complex is located on Salavat Yulaev Boulevard, next to the Palace of Children and Youth Creativity. The complex opened in 1981. The complex includes:

Eternal flame with a monument (boat on a pedestal). The inscription on the monument “In memory of the sailors who defended the Motherland in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945." The inscription on the boat “In memory immortal feat veterans of the Great Patriotic War"
Anti-aircraft artillery installation - 100 mm cannon.
Katyusha rocket launcher
Tank T-34/76 model 1941-1942, which took part in the battles in the Baryatinsky region Kaluga region in March 1942.
Memorial plates to the Heroes of the Soviet Union - V. S. Beketov, A. Ya. Sukhorukov, Kh. B. Akhtyamov and Hero of Russia - V. E. Trubanov.
Granite wall with photographs of Heroes
Granite slab with the inscription: “The square is dedicated to the defenders of the Fatherland. Laid down on May 9, 2000"

Story

Since 1981, the memorial complex included a monument with a boat and an eternal flame. The patrol boat was delivered by railway from Kerch. Specially invited veterans who participated in the fighting on Malaya Zemlya spoke at the opening ceremony of the complex. For the 65th anniversary of the Victory, the memorial complex was reconstructed and expanded military equipment and memorial slabs and granite wall.

These days, memorial events are held at the “Eternal Flame of Glory” memorial, veterans are honored, and wreaths are laid in memory of the fallen residents of Salavat.

Coordinates: 53°20′28″ n. w. 55°55′54″ E. d. / 53.34111° N. w. 55.93167° E. d. / 53.34111; 55.93167(G) (I)

Memorial complex "Eternal Flame"- a complex in honor of the defenders of the Motherland, residents of the city of Salavat, who fell in heroic battles.

The memorial complex is located on Salavat Yulaev Boulevard, next to the Palace of Children and Youth Creativity. The complex opened in 1981. The complex includes:

Eternal flame with a monument (boat on a pedestal). The inscription on the monument “In memory of the sailors who defended the Motherland in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.” The inscription on the boat “In memory of the immortal feat of veterans of the Great Patriotic War”
Anti-aircraft artillery installation - 100 mm cannon.
Katyusha rocket launcher
Tank T-34/76 model 1941-1942, which took part in the battles in the Baryatinsky district of the Kaluga region in March 1942.
Memorial plates to the Heroes of the Soviet Union - V. S. Beketov, A. Ya. Sukhorukov, Kh. B. Akhtyamov and Hero of Russia - V. E. Trubanov.
Granite wall with photographs of Heroes
Granite slab with the inscription: “The square is dedicated to the defenders of the Fatherland. Laid down on May 9, 2000"

Story

The monument - the boat “Sailors - Defenders of the Motherland” was brought from Kerch in memory of dead sailors Black Sea Fleet, on the initiative of a participant in the war - midshipman Michal Romanovich Galiev. Opened on July 29, 1980 on Salavat Yulaev Boulevard.

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Excerpt characterizing the Eternal Flame (memorial complex, Salavat)

“Mais, ma bonne amie,” said Prince Andrei, “vous devriez au contraire m"etre reconaissante de ce que j"explique a Pierre votre intimate avec ce jeune homme... [But, my friend, you should be grateful to me that I explain to Pierre your closeness to this young man.]
- Vraiment? [Really?] - Pierre said curiously and seriously (for which Princess Marya was especially grateful to him) peering through his glasses into the face of Ivanushka, who, realizing that they were talking about him, looked at everyone with cunning eyes.
Princess Marya was completely in vain to be embarrassed for her own people. They were not at all timid. The old woman, with her eyes downcast but looking sideways at those who entered, had turned the cup upside down onto a saucer and placed a bitten piece of sugar next to it, sat calmly and motionless in her chair, waiting to be offered more tea. Ivanushka, drinking from a saucer, looked at the young people from under his brows with sly, feminine eyes.
– Where, in Kyiv, were you? – Prince Andrey asked the old woman.
“It was, father,” the old woman answered loquaciously, “on Christmas itself, I was honored with the saints to communicate the holy, heavenly secrets.” And now from Kolyazin, father, great grace has opened...
- Well, Ivanushka is with you?
“I’m going on my own, breadwinner,” Ivanushka said, trying to speak in a deep voice. - Only in Yukhnov did Pelageyushka and I get along...
Pelagia interrupted her comrade; She obviously wanted to tell what she saw.
- In Kolyazin, father, great grace was revealed.
- Well, are the relics new? - asked Prince Andrei.
“That’s enough, Andrey,” said Princess Marya. - Don’t tell me, Pelageyushka.
“No...what are you saying, mother, why not tell me?” I love him. He is kind, favored by God, he, a benefactor, gave me rubles, I remember. How I was in Kyiv and the holy fool Kiryusha told me - a truly man of God, he walks barefoot winter and summer. Why are you walking, he says, not in your place, go to Kolyazin, there is a miraculous icon, the Mother of the Most Holy Theotokos has been revealed. From those words I said goodbye to the saints and went...
Everyone was silent, one wanderer spoke in a measured voice, drawing in air.
- My father came, the people came to me and said: great grace has been revealed to mother Holy Mother of God myrrh dripping from the cheek...
“Okay, okay, you’ll tell me later,” said Princess Marya, blushing.
“Let me ask her,” said Pierre. -Have you seen it yourself? – he asked.
- Why, father, you yourself have been honored. There is such a radiance on the face, like heavenly light, and from my mother’s cheek it keeps dripping and dripping...
“But this is a deception,” said Pierre naively, listening attentively to the wanderer.
- Oh, father, what are you saying! - Pelageyushka said with horror, turning to Princess Marya for protection.
“They are deceiving the people,” he repeated.
- Lord Jesus Christ! – the wanderer said, crossing herself. - Oh, don't tell me, father. So one anaral did not believe it, he said: “the monks are deceiving,” and as he said, he became blind. And he dreamed that Mother of Pechersk came to him and said: “Trust me, I will heal you.” So he began to ask: take me and take me to her. I’m telling you the real truth, I saw it myself. They brought him blind straight to her, he came up, fell, and said: “Heal! “I will give you,” he says, “what the king gave you.” I saw it myself, father, the star was embedded in it. Well, I have received my sight! It's a sin to say that. “God will punish,” she instructively addressed Pierre.