Cytomegalovirus: Igg positive - what does it mean. Cytomegalovirus IgG positive Cytomegalovirus igm positive what does it mean
Antibodies to cytomegalovirus lgM, CMV IgM quantitative- allows you to determine the presence of antibodies IgM class to cytomegalovirus (CMV or CMV).
When a person is exposed to CMV, their immune system reacts defensive reaction by producing antibodies IgM classes and IgG against CMV.
Duration incubation period from 15 days to 3 months. With this infection, non-sterile immunity occurs (that is, complete elimination of the virus is not observed). Immunity under cytomegalovirus infection(CMV) unstable, slow. Possible reinfection with exogenous virus or reactivation latent infection. Due to long-term persistence in the body, the virus affects all parts immune system sick. Specific antibodies are responsible for the lysis of the intracellular virus and also inhibit its intracellular replication or spread from cell to cell. Sera from patients after primary infection contain antibodies that react with internal CMV proteins (p28, p65, p150). The serum of recovered people contains mainly antibodies that react with membrane glycoproteins.
Greatest diagnostic value has IgM determination, as an indicator of the activity of the process, which may indicate an acutely current disease, reinfection, superinfection or reactivation. Emergence of anti-CMV IgM antibodies in a previously seronegative patient indicates a primary infection. During endogenous reactivation of an infection, IgM antibodies are formed irregularly (usually in fairly low concentrations) or may be completely absent. Detection of class G immunoglobulins also makes it possible to determine primary cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI), monitor over time individuals with clinical manifestations of infection, and help with retrospective diagnosis. For severe CMV infection, as well as in pregnant women and children early age the production of antibodies to CMV is slowed down. This is manifested by the detection of specific antibodies in low concentrations or the absence of positive dynamics of antibodies.
Cytomegalovirus infection is a widespread viral infection of the body, which belongs to the so-called opportunistic infections, which usually occur latently. Clinical manifestations are observed against the background of physiological immunodeficiency states (children in the first 3–5 years of life, pregnant women - more often in the 2nd and 3rd trimester), as well as in persons with congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies (HIV infection, use of immunosuppressants, oncohematological diseases, radiation, diabetes etc.).
Cytomegalovirus- is part of the herpes virus family. Like other representatives of this group, it can persist in a person throughout his life. The risk group includes children 5–6 years old, adults 16–30 years old, as well as people who practice anal sex. Children are susceptible to airborne transmission from parents and other children with latent forms of infection. For adults, sexual transmission is more common. The virus is found in semen and other biological fluids. Vertical transmission of infection (from mother to fetus) occurs transplacentally and during childbirth.
CMV infection is characterized by diversity clinical manifestations. U healthy people with normal immunity, the primary infection occurs without complications (and often asymptomatic). IN in rare cases the picture is developing infectious mononucleosis(about 10% of all cases of infectious mononucleosis), clinically indistinguishable from mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Virus replication occurs in the tissues of the reticuloendothelial system, epithelium of the urogenital tract, liver, mucosa respiratory tract And digestive tract. When immunity decreases after organ transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy, HIV infection, as well as in newborns, CMV represents serious threat, since the disease can affect any organ. The development of hepatitis, pneumonia, esophagitis, gastritis, colitis, retinitis, diffuse encephalopathy, fever, leukopenia is possible. The disease can be fatal.
Cytomegalovirus is dangerous in cases of immunodeficiency and during pregnancy is potentially dangerous for the development of the fetus. Therefore, 5–6 months before a planned pregnancy, it is necessary to undergo a TORCH examination in order to assess the state of immunity in relation to these viruses, if necessary, provide treatment, or provide prevention and control. When a pregnant woman is initially infected with cytomegalovirus (in 35–50% of cases) or the infection is reactivated during pregnancy (in 8–10% of cases), an intrauterine infection develops. During development intrauterine infection up to 10 weeks there is a risk of developmental defects, possibly spontaneous interruption pregnancy. When infected, there is a delay between 11 and 28 weeks intrauterine development, hypo- or dysplasia internal organs. If infection occurs over later, the defeat can be generalized, involve specific organ(for example, fetal hepatitis) or appear after birth (hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome, hearing impairment, interstitial pneumonia etc.). Manifestations of infection also depend on maternal immunity, virulence and localization of the virus.
To date, a vaccine against cytomegalovirus has not been developed. Drug therapy allows you to increase the period of remission and influence the recurrence of infection, but does not allow you to eliminate the virus from the body.
It is impossible to completely cure this disease: cytomegalovirus cannot be removed from the body. But if you promptly, at the slightest suspicion of infection with this virus, consult a doctor, have necessary tests, then you can for many years keep the infection in a “dormant” state. This will ensure normal pregnancy and birth. healthy child.
Special significance laboratory diagnostics cytomegalovirus infection has in the following categories of subjects:
Women preparing for pregnancy
1. Latent course of the disease
2. Difficulty differential diagnosis primary infection and recurrent infection during examination during pregnancy
3. Dire consequences intrauterine infection in newborns
Pregnant women
1. Severe consequences of intrauterine infection in newborns
2. Immunodeficiency states (generalized forms)
Consecutive repeated determination of the level of IgG antibodies in newborns makes it possible to distinguish congenital infection(constant level) from neonatal (increasing titers). If the titer IgG antibodies when repeated (after two weeks) the analysis does not increase, then there is no reason for alarm; if the IgG titer increases, the issue of abortion should be considered.
СMV and TORCH
CMV infection is included in the group of TORCH infections (the name is formed initial letters in Latin names - Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes), considered potentially dangerous for the development of a child. Ideally, consult your doctor and undergo laboratory examination for TORCH infection, a woman needs 2–3 months before the planned pregnancy, since in this case it will be possible to take appropriate therapeutic or preventive measures, and also, if necessary, in the future compare the results of studies before pregnancy with the results of examinations during pregnancy.
Indications:
- preparation for pregnancy;
- signs of intrauterine infection, feto-placental insufficiency;
- state of immunosuppression due to HIV infection, neoplastic diseases, taking cytostatic drugs, etc.;
- clinical picture infectious mononucleosis in the absence of infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus;
- hepato-splenomegaly of unknown nature;
- fever of unknown etiology;
- increased levels of liver transaminases, gamma-GT, alkaline phosphatase in the absence of markers viral hepatitis;
- atypical course pneumonia in children;
- miscarriage (frozen pregnancy, recurrent miscarriages).
It is recommended to donate blood in the morning, between 8 am and 12 pm. Blood is drawn on an empty stomach, after 4–6 hours of fasting. It is allowed to drink water without gas and sugar. On the eve of the examination, food overload should be avoided.
Interpretation of results
Units of measurement: UE*
A positive result will be accompanied by an additional comment indicating the sample positivity rate (SP*):
- CP >= 11.0 - positive;
- KP<= 9,0 - отрицательно;
- CP 9.0–11.0 - doubtful.
Negative:
- CMV infection occurred more than 3–4 weeks ago;
- infection in the period 3–4 weeks before the examination is excluded;
- intrauterine infection is unlikely.
- primary infection or reactivation of infection;
- intrauterine infection is possible.
*Positivity rate (PR) is the ratio of the optical density of the patient's sample to the threshold value. CP - positivity coefficient, is a universal indicator used in enzyme immunoassays. CP characterizes the degree of positivity of the test sample and can be useful to the doctor for the correct interpretation of the result obtained. Since the positivity rate does not linearly correlate with the concentration of antibodies in the sample, it is not recommended to use CP for dynamic monitoring of patients, including monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.
Cytomegalovirus infection is a disease of viral etiology that is directly related to the herpes family. In the case when this disease is in the active phase, it is characterized by an inflammatory process of the salivary glands. and is transmitted through the placental route during pregnancy, through contact and sexual contact, as well as through kissing, during blood transfusions and organ transplant operations.
In medical practice, there are also cases of infection of the fetus after passage through the birth canal. In some cases, the disease is asymptomatic during infection. As for external signs, the infection is similar to herpetic rashes on the surface of the skin.
In addition, patients may experience an increase in body temperature. The duration of the disease depends on its severity, the condition of the body as a whole and the immune system. If the disease is not treated in a timely manner, serious complications may develop. The infection has the peculiarity of manifesting itself not only externally, but also affecting internal organs, and also affecting the state of the nervous system.
This disease is particularly insidious, manifesting itself in a latent form. The danger is that an infected person does not feel signs of the disease, as a result of which it is not possible to take the necessary measures in a timely manner. In addition to the source of infection, reduced immunity, as well as the presence of concomitant colds, can contribute to infection.
During diagnostics, affected areas are identified at the cellular level under a microscope. It is worth noting that this disease is quite common in almost all countries and is characterized by alternating remissions, when the virus is dormant in the body, and acute recurrent manifestations.
Testing for cytomegalovirus
An IgG analysis for cytomegalovirus is carried out in order to search for specific ones. If we consider the meaning of IgG, deciphering the Latin symbols to understand, what does it mean, then it seems possible to find the following:
- Ig stands for immunoglobulin, which is nothing more than a protective protein compound that can destroy the virus and is produced through the immune system;
- G is one of the classes of immunoglobulins.
In the case when a person is not infected and has never suffered from this infection, then his body does not yet produce antibodies. If the virus is present in the body and CMV igg is positive, then the person is infected.
In this situation, it is very important to understand how immunoglobulins G and M differ.
IgM are rapidly forming immunoglobulins produced by the body for the initial response to infection.
IgG are colonies of antibodies, the formation of which occurs somewhat later. However, they have the ability to maintain the immune system at a certain level for life.
“The antibody to cytomegalovirus igg is positive” is the wording of a good test result, which indicates that the person has already had this disease and the response to the pathogen is a firmly formed immune system.
Cytomegalovirus igg positive
The fact that a person’s infection is progressing is indicated by the result of an analysis, according to which it is possible to track that the cytomegalovirus igg is positive, igm negative indicates that the samples of blood being tested do not contain genetic material, therefore, there is no disease.
In addition, with a positive reaction and in the presence of a low IgG index, we are talking about primary infection, the residence time of the virus is no more than 4 months.
To finally make sure that infection is taking place, the patient is prescribed special tests, the main purpose of which is to identify antibodies in the blood. At this stage, one of the modern methods is PCR.
After infection, there is an incubation period that can vary from 15 to 60 days. It depends on what age category the person belongs to, as well as on the physiological characteristics of his body. The immune system in any case is quite weak and is not particularly durable. The role of the protective reaction is due to the formation of antibodies of the IgM and IgG classes, which inhibit replication at the cellular level.
The degree of disease activity is determined by a quantitative IgM indicator, which allows for a more accurate diagnosis. A slowdown in the reaction occurs in complex forms of manifestation of this disease, accompanied by a severe course. Most often this affects children, pregnant women and people with low immunity.
Positive cytomegalovirus in pregnant women
If iggpositive during pregnancy, then there is a certain probability of transmission of infection to the fetus. Based on the results of specially conducted tests, which can be used to determine what stage the disease is in, the doctor makes a decision on prescribing treatment measures.
The presence of specific IgG indicates that the expectant mother has a functioning immune system, which characterizes the situation as positive. Because otherwise it can be stated that the infection occurred for the first time and precisely during pregnancy. As for the fetus, the disease most likely affected it too.
Positive cytomegalovirus in children
can be expressed in two forms:
- congenital;
- acquired.
The degree of its manifestation, as well as the overall clinical picture, depends on the form of the disease. The infection enters the fetus through the placenta. In the case when the infection occurs during pregnancy, the woman’s body lacks antibodies designed to fight the manifestations of this disease.
Cytomegalovirus igg positive in a child often manifests itself immediately after birth, which can be infected not only in utero, but also while passing through the birth canal.
Symptoms of cytomegalovirus in newborns include lethargy, decreased appetite, insufficient sleep and moodiness. Their body temperature often rises, diarrhea may appear, accompanied by constipation, urine darkens, and feces, on the contrary, become light.
In this case, rashes with external signs reminiscent of herpetic manifestations are found on the upper layer of the skin. In almost every case, such children have an enlarged liver and spleen.
The acquired form manifests itself in malaise, weakness, lethargy, apathetic mood and a number of other similar symptoms, accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Sometimes there may be abnormal stool, chills, fever, enlarged lymph nodes and tonsils.
Who said that curing herpes is difficult?
- Do you suffer from itching and burning in the areas of the rash?
- The sight of blisters does not at all add to your self-confidence...
- And it’s somehow embarrassing, especially if you suffer from genital herpes...
- And for some reason, ointments and medications recommended by doctors are not effective in your case...
- In addition, constant relapses have already become firmly established in your life...
- And now you are ready to take advantage of any opportunity that will help you get rid of herpes!
There is an effective remedy for herpes. and find out how Elena Makarenko cured herself of genital herpes in 3 days!
Description
Determination method Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Material under study Blood serum
Antibodies of the IgM class to cytomegalovirus (CMV, CMV).
In response to the introduction of cytomegalovirus (CMV) into the body, immune restructuring of the body develops. The incubation period ranges from 15 days to 3 months. With this infection, non-sterile immunity occurs (that is, complete elimination of the virus is not observed). Immunity to cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) is unstable and slow. Reinfection with an exogenous virus or reactivation of a latent infection is possible. Due to long-term persistence in the body, the virus affects all parts of the patient’s immune system. The body's protective reaction manifests itself, first of all, in the form of the formation of specific antibodies of the IgM and IgG classes to CMV. Specific antibodies are responsible for the lysis of the intracellular virus and also inhibit its intracellular replication or spread from cell to cell. Sera from patients after primary infection contain antibodies that react with internal CMV proteins (p28, p65, p150). The serum of recovered people contains mainly antibodies that react with membrane glycoproteins. The greatest diagnostic significance is the determination of IgM as an indicator of the activity of the process, which may indicate an acutely ongoing disease, reinfection, superinfection or reactivation. The appearance of anti-CMV IgM antibodies in a previously seronegative patient indicates a primary infection. During endogenous reactivation of an infection, IgM antibodies are formed irregularly (usually in fairly low concentrations) or may be completely absent. Detection of class G immunoglobulins also makes it possible to determine primary cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI), monitor over time individuals with clinical manifestations of infection, and help with retrospective diagnosis. In severe CMV disease, as well as in pregnant women and young children, the production of antibodies to CMV is slowed down. This is manifested by the detection of specific antibodies in low concentrations or the absence of positive dynamics of antibodies. Features of infection. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a widespread viral infection of the body, which belongs to the so-called opportunistic infections, which usually occur latently. Clinical manifestations are observed against the background of physiological immunodeficiency states (children of the first 3 - 5 years of life, pregnant women - more often in the 2nd and 3rd trimester), as well as in persons with congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies (HIV infection, use of immunosuppressants, oncohematological diseases, radiation, diabetes etc.). Cytomegalovirus is a virus of the herpes virus family. Like other members of the family, after infection it remains in the body almost for life. Stable in humid environments. The risk group includes children 5 - 6 years old, adults 16 - 30 years old, as well as people who practice anal sex. Children are susceptible to airborne transmission from parents and other children with latent forms of infection. For adults, sexual transmission is more common. The virus is found in semen and other body fluids. Vertical transmission of infection (from mother to fetus) occurs transplacentally and during childbirth. CMV infection is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations, but with full immunity it is clinically asymptomatic. In rare cases, a picture of infectious mononucleosis develops (about 10% of all cases of infectious mononucleosis), clinically indistinguishable from mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Replication of the virus occurs in the tissues of the reticuloendothelial system, epithelium of the urogenital tract, liver, mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and digestive tract. When immunity is reduced after organ transplantation, immunosuppressant therapy, HIV infection, as well as in newborns, CMV poses a serious threat, since the disease can affect any organ. the development of hepatitis, pneumonia, esophagitis, gastritis, colitis, retinitis, diffuse encephalopathy, fever, leukopenia is possible. The disease can be fatal.
Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women, examination during pregnancy. When a pregnant woman is initially infected with cytomegalovirus (in 35–50% of cases) or the infection is reactivated during pregnancy (in 8–10% of cases), an intrauterine infection develops. If an intrauterine infection develops before 10 weeks, there is a risk of developmental defects and possible spontaneous termination of pregnancy. When infected at 11-28 weeks, intrauterine growth retardation and hypo- or dysplasia of internal organs occur. If infection occurs at a later stage, the lesion may be generalized, involve a specific organ (for example, fetal hepatitis) or appear after birth (hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome, hearing impairment, interstitial pneumonitis, etc.). Manifestations of infection also depend on maternal immunity, virulence and localization of the virus.
To date, a vaccine against cytomegalovirus has not been developed. Drug therapy allows you to increase the period of remission and influence the recurrence of infection, but does not eliminate the virus from the body. It is impossible to completely cure this disease: cytomegalovirus cannot be removed from the body. But if you promptly, at the slightest suspicion of infection with this virus, consult a doctor and carry out the necessary tests, then you can keep the infection in a “dormant” state for many years. This will ensure a normal pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child. Laboratory diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection is of particular importance in the following categories of subjects:
Consecutive repeated determination of the level of IgG antibodies in newborns makes it possible to distinguish congenital infection (constant level) from neonatal infection (increasing titers). If the titer of IgG antibodies does not increase during repeated (after two weeks) analysis, then there is no reason for alarm; if the titer of IgG increases, the issue of abortion should be considered. IMPORTANT! CMV infection is part of the group of TORCH infections (the name is formed by the initial letters in the Latin names - Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes), which are considered potentially dangerous for the development of a child. Ideally, a woman should consult a doctor and undergo laboratory testing for TORCH infection 2 to 3 months before the planned pregnancy, since in this case it will be possible to take appropriate therapeutic or preventive measures, and, if necessary, compare the results of studies before pregnancy in the future with the results of examinations during pregnancy.
Indications for use
- Preparing for pregnancy.
- Signs of intrauterine infection, feto-placental insufficiency.
- State of immunosuppression due to HIV infection, neoplastic diseases, taking cytostatic drugs, etc.
- Clinical picture of infectious mononucleosis in the absence of infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.
- Hepato-splenomegaly of unknown origin.
- Fever of unknown etiology.
- Increased levels of liver transaminases, gamma-GT, alkaline phosphatase in the absence of markers of viral hepatitis.
- Atypical course of pneumonia in children.
- Miscarriage (frozen pregnancy, recurrent miscarriages).
Interpretation of results
Interpretation of research results contains information for the attending physician and is not a diagnosis. The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. The doctor makes an accurate diagnosis using both the results of this examination and the necessary information from other sources: medical history, results of other examinations, etc.
Reference values: in the INVITRO laboratory, when anti-CMV IgM antibodies are detected, the result is “positive”; if they are absent, the result is “negative”. At very low values (“gray zone”) the answer “doubtful, it is recommended to repeat in 10 - 14 days” is given. Attention! To increase the information content of the research, an IgG antibody avidity study is performed as an additional test to clarify the likelihood of a recent primary infection. It is carried out free of charge for the patient in cases where the result of the anti-CMV-IgM antibody test is positive or doubtful. If test No. 2AVCMV Avidity of IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus is ordered by the client immediately when filling out the application, it is performed in any case and is paid for.
Negative:
- CMV infection occurred more than 3 to 4 weeks ago;
- infection in the period 3 - 4 weeks before the examination is excluded;
- intrauterine infection is unlikely.
Positively:
- primary infection or reactivation of infection;
- intrauterine infection is possible.
“Doubtful” is a borderline value that does not allow reliably (with a probability of more than 95%) to classify the result as “Positive” or “Negative”. It should be borne in mind that such a result is possible with a very low level of antibodies, which can occur, in particular, in the initial period of the disease. Depending on the clinical situation, repeat testing of antibody levels after 10-14 days may be useful to assess changes.
Cytomegalovirus belongs to the herpes virus family, namely. A blood test for the virus will help detect it.
Cytomegalovirus affects different types of cells:
- salivary glands;
- kidney;
- liver;
- placenta;
- eyes and ears.
But, although the list is impressive, in most cases cytomegalovirus is not dangerous to human health!
What is the danger of cytomegalovirus?
- hearing loss;
- impairment or even loss of vision;
- mental retardation;
- the occurrence of seizures.
Such consequences can occur both during the primary infection and during activation. You just need to remember the likelihood of such serious consequences occurring.
In an infant who became infected during pregnancy, the following external manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection are possible:
- intracerebral calcifications;
- ventriculomegaly (enlarged lateral ventricles of the brain);
- the liver and spleen are enlarged;
- excess fluid occurs in the peritoneum and chest cavity;
- microcephaly (small head);
- petechiae (small hemorrhages on the skin);
- jaundice.
What is analysis on igg?
If the igg is positive, this is evidence that the patient has developed immunity to the virus, but at the same time the person is its carrier.
This does not mean that cytomegalovirus is active or that the patient is in danger. The patient's physical condition and immunity will play a primary role.
A positive test is most important for a pregnant woman, since the baby’s body is still developing and does not produce antibodies to cytomegalovirus.
During the cytomegalovirus igg study, samples are taken from the patient's body to find specific antibodies to the cytomegalovirus igg. Igg is an abbreviation for the Latin word “immunoglobulin”.
This is a type of protective protein produced by the immune system to fight the virus.
The immune system begins to produce special antibodies for each new virus that appears in the body.
As a result, upon reaching , a person may already possess a whole “bouquet” of such substances. The letter G denotes a certain class of immunoglobulins, marked in humans with the letters A, D, E, G, M.
Thus, a body that has not yet encountered the virus is unable to produce antiviral antibodies. This is why the presence of antibodies in a person indicates that the body has previously been exposed to the virus.
Please note: antibodies of the same type, which are designed to fight different viruses, have significant differences. This is why the results of cytomegalovirus tests on igg are quite accurate.
How is the analysis deciphered?
An important feature of cytomegalovirus is that after the initial damage to the body, it remains in it forever. No treatment will help get rid of its presence.
The virus functions practically without harm in the internal organs, blood and salivary glands, and its carriers do not even suspect that they are carriers of the virus.
What are the differences between immunoglobulins M and G?
Igm combines fast “large” antibodies produced by the body in order to respond to the virus as soon as possible.
Igm do not provide immunological memory, dying off within six months, and the protection that they are supposed to provide is eliminated.
igg refers to antibodies that the body clones from the moment they appear. This is done with the aim of maintaining protection against a particular virus throughout a person's life.
These cytomegalovirus antibodies are smaller in size and have a later production time. Typically, they are produced from igm antibodies after the infection has been suppressed.
That is why, having detected cytomegalovirus igm in the blood, which reacts to , it can be argued that the person became infected with the virus relatively recently and at the moment there may be an exacerbation of infection.
To obtain more complete information, it is necessary to study additional research indicators.
Antibodies to cytomegalovirus igg
What additional tests can be done?
It may consist not only of information about cytomegalovirus, but also carry other necessary data. Specialists interpret the data and prescribe treatment.
To better understand the values, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the laboratory test indicators:
- Іgg– , igm+: specific igm antibodies were found in the body. With a high degree of probability, the infection occurred recently, and now there is an exacerbation of the disease;
- igg+, igm– means: the disease is inactive, although the infection occurred a long time ago. Since immunity has already developed, virus particles that re-enter the body are quickly destroyed;
- igg– , igm– – evidence of a lack of immunity to cytomegalovirus, since this virus has not yet been recognized by the body;
- igg+, igm+ – evidence of reactivation of cytomegalovirus and exacerbation of infection.
Another important indicator is called immunomodulins:
- below 50% is evidence of primary infection;
- 50 – 60% – the result is uncertain. The analysis should be repeated after 3 - 4 weeks;
- over 60% – there is immunity to the virus, although the person is a carrier or the disease has become chronic;
- 0 or negative result – the body is not infected.
If a person does not have immune system diseases, a positive one should not be a cause for concern.
At any stage of the disease, good immunity is a guarantee of an imperceptible and asymptomatic course of the disease.
Only occasionally does cytomegalovirus manifest itself with the following symptoms:
- general malaise.
It is important to remember that intense and aggravated infection, even in the absence of external signs, is recommended to reduce your activity for several weeks:
- appear less often in public places;
- communicate as little as possible with children and pregnant women.
At this stage, the virus is actively spreading, capable of infecting another person and requiring serious treatment for cytomegalovirus.
?
The greatest danger to the fetus exists when the virus enters the female body during pregnancy. The danger increases if a woman becomes infected for the first time and is between 4 and 22 weeks pregnant.
If we are talking about reactivation of cytomegalovirus during pregnancy, the risk of infection for the fetus is minimal, but during pregnancy, cytomegalovirus infection can lead to the following consequences:
- birth of a mentally retarded child;
- The baby develops seizures, hearing or vision loss.
But one should not panic: the tragic consequences of cytomegalovirus are registered in 9% of cases with primary cytomegalovirus infection and 0.1% with re-infection.
Thus, the vast majority of women with such an infection give birth to healthy children!
Situations typical for pregnant women:
- If, even before pregnancy, a blood test showed antibodies to cytomegalovirus), then such a woman will never have a primary infection during pregnancy, since it has already occurred in the past - this is evidenced by antibodies in the blood.
- A blood test for antibodies was taken for the first time during pregnancy and antibodies to the virus were detected. In such cases, reactivation of the infection may occur during pregnancy, and the probability of serious damage to the fetus is 0.1%.
- The blood test was taken before pregnancy. The woman did not have antibodies to cytomegalovirus (igg-, CMV igm-).
Based on other medical publications, it can be argued: unfortunately, in domestic medicine, everything bad that happens to a child is usually attributed to cytomegalovirus infection.
Therefore, repeat tests for CMV IgG and CMV IgM are prescribed, as well as a PCR test for CMV mucus from the cervix.
If there is evidence of constant levels of CMV igg and the absence of CMV igm in the cervix, we can safely deny that possible pregnancy complications are caused by cytomegalovirus.
Treatment of cytomegalovirus infection
It should be emphasized: none of the available treatment methods completely eliminates the virus.
If cytomegalovirus is asymptomatic, women with normal immunity do not need treatment.
Therefore, even if cytomegalovirus or antibodies to it were detected in a patient with good immunity, there are no indications for treatment.
Efficiency of use, polyoxidonium, etc. is not a panacea.
It can be argued: immunotherapy for cytomegalovirus infection, as a rule, is driven not so much by medical as by commercial considerations.
Treatment of cytomegalovirus in people with weakened immune systems is reduced to the use of (ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir).
Cytomegalovirus penetrates the child’s cells immediately, remaining there for life, existing in an inactive state.
Children aged 2 – 6 months are infected with virtually no symptoms or any serious health problems.
But if a child becomes infected in the first months of life, infection can provoke a real tragedy.
We are talking about congenital infection, when the child became infected in the mother’s stomach during childbirth.
Which children are more dangerous from the virus?
- children who have not yet been born become infected during the period of intrauterine development;
- with a weakened immune system;
- children of all ages with weakened or absent immunity.
Congenital infection with cytomegalovirus carries the risk of affecting the child with serious damage to the nerves, digestive system, blood vessels and musculoskeletal system.
There is a possibility of irreversible damage to the organs of hearing and vision.
Diagnosed using laboratory analysis. Enzyme immunoassay is widely used in the Russian Federation today.
Preventive measures
Using condoms reduces the risk of acquiring infection during sexual intercourse.
Those with a congenital infection should avoid casual intimate relationships during pregnancy.
Anonymously
Is cytomegalovirus dangerous?
Hello, please tell me, I was tested for viruses, cytomegalovirus IgG is negative, IgM is positive 1.2 with the norm being 1.0. Duration 11 weeks. Does this seriously threaten the baby? Herpes is also positive, but it is IgG and, as I understand it, it is not dangerous. And even before taking the test, I had to eat a little and didn’t take the test on an empty stomach, since on an empty stomach you vomit and may faint, could this have influenced and given a false result?
please decipher UAC
Child 1.9 was tested again after some kind of viral infection, where mononuclear cells slipped through. Hemoglobin (HGB) 125 g/l red blood cells (RBC) 4.41 10^12/l white blood cells (WBC) 7.4 10^3/μl hematocrit (HCT) 38.3% Mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) 86.7 fL 80-100 fL mean hemoglobin content in erythrocyte (MCH) 28.3 pg/ml 27-34 pg/ml anisocytosis rate of erythrocytes 13.3% 11.5-14.5% (RDW_CV) platelets (PLT) 345 10^3/μl ESR 7 mm/hour Leukocyte formula: band neutrophils 1% 1- 6% segmented neutrophils 30.5% 47-72% eosinophils 2.9% 0.5-5% monocytes 14.1% 3-11% lymphocytes...
