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Open transport company. How to open a transport company for the transportation of goods from scratch

The transport business is becoming increasingly popular, both among consumers and in the business environment. The demand for these services is constantly growing, and due to the development of online commerce, transport companies have many new regular customers. Becoming the owner of a transport company is not the easiest task, since this type of activity has high threshold entry and experience in freight forwarding and logistics companies. How to open transport company from scratch for a beginner?

Logistics, as a business, has undoubted advantages over most other types of activity. The transport company does not require licenses and is considered strong in financially and has less risk of going bankrupt. In this regard, quite fierce competition has developed in this environment, and a newcomer to this market will need a competent approach and the ability to make decisions quickly and efficiently.

Business registration

Before you open a transport company for the transportation of goods, you need to settle legal formalities. This type entrepreneurship requires registration of a legal entity, or PBOYUL ( entrepreneurial activity without forming a legal entity).

Opening a closed joint stock company or open joint stock company is a promising option that will allow you to seriously expand. But these forms require the preparation of many certificates and permits. PBOYUL will have to pay additional taxes. Therefore, a more profitable and convenient option is an LLC.

To resolve all formalities for registering a transport business in the form of an LLC, it is recommended to contact specialists who will eliminate long queues, errors and misunderstandings. It is important to remember that an LLC requires a Charter, start-up capital and a bank account.

Selecting a room

When forming a new LLC, a lease agreement must be concluded with the owner of the premises - the office address must become the legal address of the enterprise. In addition to the office, storage space will be required.

The premises do not need luxurious renovation, but they should still look decent. An important requirement is compliance with fire and sanitary inspection standards. The office is the face of the company, so it needs a presentable appearance and a stylish interior.

Warehouses are clean and dry, equipped with showers and eating areas. Statistics show that the success of opening a freight transport company is 70% dependent on warehouse workers. Therefore, their working conditions must be ensured with proper comfort.

Equipment

The transport business needs new, high-quality equipment. Not only the success of the company, but also the safety of employees depends on this. Low-quality or used equipment often runs the risk of falling into disrepair and increasing the entrepreneur’s expenses.

Necessary equipment and special equipment for a transport company warehouse:

rokla - one for each warehouse worker;
forklift – one per warehouse;
consumables - tape, stretch tape, etc.

Cars for cargo transportation are expensive transport. It is more profitable to start a business by negotiating with car owners. It is convenient if the owner of the vehicle agrees to work as a driver on it. For an entrepreneur, this means less responsibility, since everything possible damage or loss of cargo on the road will be the responsibility of the driver-owner of the car.

Office equipment

In addition to the warehouse, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to office work. This room performs not only a representative function for clients. The office should house dispatchers who will monitor the work of drivers. For control rooms and for receiving clients, the premises will require:

computers and office equipment;
tables and chairs;
landline and mobile phones. It is desirable to have 2 fixed lines;
walkie-talkie for communication with drivers.

Company personnel

Opening a freight transport company from scratch is not an easy task. It is good if the entrepreneur has experienced employees on his staff who can give advice and take on some management functions. You can also assign some workers various functions, so that at first we limit ourselves to a small staff. It is important not to overdo it with diversity, so as not to reduce the effectiveness of employees.

The company will require the following employees on a permanent basis:

Dispatcher – 2 people. Dispatchers take orders, issue vouchers for drivers, and keep in touch with them during trips.
Drivers - 2 people per car if long trips are planned. Drivers must have the required driving categories and have experience driving trucks.
Mechanic - one person on staff. His task is to service cars and special equipment.
Warehouse worker – 2 people.
Advertising manager - to find clients and promote the company.
Accountant - in in this case is required regularly, consulting services will cost more. An accountant's responsibilities include calculating employee payroll.

How to get clients?

A business such as a freight transport company is itself popular and in demand among clients. But at the initial stage, the business will need promotion. The Internet is now recognized as the main way to disseminate information about the provision of services. How to offer your services online:

create your own website;
place advertisements on free bulletin boards;
monitor online demand for freight transportation services;
send letters with commercial offers to the addresses of potential clients.

Costs and payback

As a business, a transport company requires serious start-up capital. Before you start opening a business, you should carefully calculate all possible expenses. These include:

rental and renovation of premises;
payment of utilities;
staff salaries;
purchase necessary equipment;
purchase of spare parts for special equipment;
payment of taxes;
gasoline and other automotive fluids.

Without purchasing vehicles for transportation, the average cost of starting a business will be at least 1,200 thousand rubles. Purchasing vehicles will significantly increase these costs. In addition, experts say that a faster payback from the transport business of transporting goods can be expected when renting cars.

Income

The profitability of a business depends on the number of cars in the fleet and the availability of orders. With proper business promotion, properly organized work and minimized losses, the average profit from one machine per month will be 30 thousand rubles. If you have 2 cars, the business will pay off no earlier than in 1.5 - 2 years. The profitability of the business is recognized as high: it amounts to up to 40% of total revenue.

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Starting a freight forwarding business is the right decision. But there is a danger: along with the high demand for this business, competition is also growing. It is better for entrepreneurs with experience in doing this business from scratch. transport sector. All they have to do is find out how to open a cargo transportation company.

Demand for the freight forwarding business

Those who are not involved in logistics often ask the question: is it profitable to engage in cargo transportation? The volumes of imports and exports in the country are increasing every year, therefore, the demand for this type of activity is also increasing. Cargo transportation is a current business, which entails the growth of numerous organizations engaged in providing this type of service. Most often, such companies are founded by entrepreneurs, most of whose knowledge is logistics. There are departments that have mastered cargo transportation, studied documents and offer their own services. If a problem arises with a shortage of cars, the organization attracts cars from neighboring companies. Thus, a new department is created, offering customers a variety of types of transport and services.

Main types of enterprises

To answer the question - how to open a transport company from scratch, you need to understand the different types of enterprises:

Companies providing services to individuals.
Individual entrepreneur providing assistance to legal parties.
Establishments transporting goods for industrial enterprises.
Companies that deliver groupage cargo.
Enterprises engaged in searching for orders, intermediary firms.

Features of the transport organization

We should start with the fact that logistics involves developing the optimal route, including all possible stops, breakdowns, interruptions. Logistics exists as an independent transport area. The advantage of this business is that bankruptcy is almost impossible. Also, to organize a business from scratch, you do not need to invest a fortune. Trucking business does not require a license. However, many unscrupulous companies have appeared that are not responsible for their actions. They also do not have permits. They often don't even know how to open a transport company. Logistics in transport has six key rules:

The right cargo.
The right place.
The right time.
Required quantity.
Adequate quality.
Minimum costs.

Logistics has its own approach to organizing transport business. This:

More than 2 types of transport.
Availability of a single through rate for transportation.
The interaction pattern is sequential-central.

Company registration and types of taxation

To the question of where to start a business activity, there is only one answer – documents. You should register a company and decide on the taxation system. You should also decide on the legal form of the enterprise:

IP (individual entrepreneurship).
LLC (when several founders are involved).

For individual entrepreneurs, a single tax on imputed income has been adopted. This tax is suitable for enterprises cooperating with individuals and for those who work without VAT.

For LLC best option – general system taxation.

Financial sector

If an entrepreneur is thinking about how to open a transport company from scratch and plans to start long term business, then he needs to open a bank account. Many clients will be willing to pay for services by bank transfer. The total revenue of an individual entrepreneur or LLC consists of profit from freight transportation. If the question arises whether it is profitable to engage in cargo transportation, then the answer is unequivocal - yes. Freight transportation as a business is quite profitable. Average figures range from 25 to 40% profit. Main expense items:

Salary.
Taxes.
Spare parts.
Documents.
Purchase of fuels and lubricants.
General expenses.

Recruitment for the company

To stay in the market, an individual entrepreneur or LLC needs to efficiently organize a personnel department. The number of hired workers depends on the size of the vehicle fleet. In any case, you need to start by selecting the following employees:

Drivers. There should be more of them than cars. Based on one car, 3 people are required.
Mechanic. If an entrepreneur has more than six machines, then he will need at least 1 specialist.
Dispatchers. The control room needs exactly as many employees as there are cars in the fleet. The control room must be equipped with high-quality equipment, since this is one of the main workplaces.
Accountant. It will be needed if you have a fleet of ten cars or more, if the company operates in the LLC format. This person will prepare all financial and reporting documents in a timely manner.

Dissemination of information about the company

After the individual entrepreneur has been registered, documents have been drawn up and personnel have been selected, you need to take care of material support. Then you should form your regular customer base and select suppliers. Initially, there may be distrust on the part of the customer; he will doubt the quality of the product and the competence of the workers.

In order to appease the client, you need to provide him with as much information as possible about your institution, staff and services.

Prepare necessary documents, confirming the existence of the company. We must not forget that to start a business, advertising should not be in the foreground. It can greatly affect the budget of a newly created enterprise. At the same time, aggressive advertising can attract too many large number clients that a start-up entrepreneur will not be able to serve. First, you need to place advertisements about individual entrepreneurs and LLCs on information boards and social networks. With increase own business, the range of consumers will also increase. This way, you can increase your advertising campaign.

When to start your own business

When starting a business from scratch, you should consider the time of year. For what? In order to correctly calculate your strength when increasing the volume of work. The summer period is considered the quietest for organizing cargo transportation. Autumn is the busiest season. The cargo transportation business is a very profitable niche, but it requires close attention from the entrepreneur. Organizing a transport business from scratch will not be difficult, especially since you will not need a business license. Therefore, you can use an individual entrepreneur to start your own business. Logistics and its knowledge will help an entrepreneur organize the optimal route and rationally organize expenses. When registering an enterprise, the business entity receives all the necessary documents.

The freight forwarding business is developing dynamically. The flow of cargo transportation is constantly growing. There is a need to coordinate actions and timely delivery of goods. The link between the shipper and the consignee is the freight forwarding company. Properly organizing logistics is the primary task of the company’s employees. The reputation and profit of the enterprise depend on the quality of the services provided and the fulfillment of its obligations.

The freight forwarding business is associated with many risks, since several stakeholders are involved in the process. It is easiest to engage in forwarding activities for entrepreneurs who have experience in the transport sector, know the legislation, are able to correctly draw up accompanying documentation and resolve issues that arise at the border or in cargo storage areas.

Area of activity

Before opening a transport company, decide which work scheme suits you best:

Creation of your own transport company with a fleet of trucks of various tonnage. The financial costs will be significant. You will need funds to rent or purchase cars, pay for qualified personnel (drivers, dispatchers, accountant, manager).
Creation of a company providing forwarding services. You will play the role of freight dispatchers and look for outsourced carriers. You don't need your own vehicle fleet. For intermediary services, companies charge from 5 to 10% of the total cost of transportation for 1 freight. The investment will be minimal, and the profit will be quite large.

A reputable transport company often provides additional services related to the delivered cargo:

consolidation;
warehousing;
security;
insurance.

It is advisable for a newly created company to begin work by organizing transportation by road. After familiarizing yourself with the nuances and developing a client base, you can move on to more serious types transportation:

using railway transport;
by air transport;
mixed types of transport.

Where to start

If you decide that you have enough knowledge and funds to open a transport company, register the chosen form of organizational and legal activity of your enterprise. Entrepreneurs prefer open () and closed () joint stock companies. The best option– limited liability company. The risks of takeover by competitors are minimized and the interests of each shareholder are protected, regardless of what percentage of shares they own.

Your actions:

Draw up the decision and agreement of the founders on the creation of an LLC.
Form an authorized capital (minimum 10 thousand rubles or property equivalent to this amount).
Develop the LLC Charter.
Fill out the application state registration your company (form No. 11001).
Pay the state fee (4000 rubles).
Attach to the application a receipt for payment of the state duty and copies of the constituent documents.
If there are foreign citizens among the founders, an extract from the register of foreigners will be required. legal entities RF.
submit to the state registration authorities.

Financial costs

To engage in expeditionary services, you will need a fairly impressive start-up capital. Minimum 250 thousand rubles. you must have. What does this amount consist of:

One-time opening costs will be:

LLC registration – 35 thousand rubles;
purchase of office equipment, consumables, furniture, Internet connection – 100 thousand rubles.

In addition, monthly you will spend on:

rent of premises of 20 sq. m – from 8 to 30 thousand rubles;
utilities – up to 5 thousand rubles;
salary for employees (with a staff of 2-3 people) - from 50 thousand rubles;
advertising – up to 30 thousand rubles. As the company develops, this amount may decrease due to the establishment of personal contacts and the acquisition of a worthy reputation for your company;
commercial expenses – up to 3 thousand rubles.

If you plan to engage in freight forwarding activities, you will have to rent or purchase vehicles, organize warehouse space, hire drivers and expand your staff of employees. Additional costs depend on:

brand and carrying capacity of selected vehicles;
storage area;
number of personnel;
office size and location;
advertising costs;
amounts of utility bills.

Freight forwarding services are among activities where there is a high margin. The average profitability ranges from 25–40%. By investing 250 thousand rubles, you will recoup the costs in a year.

A business plan for opening a transport company, drawn up by a competent economist, will allow you to calculate the costs specifically in your case, taking into account all aspects of the activity. Get ready for the fact that at first you will work at a loss. Based on a study of the work of transport companies, experts usually predict that the company will be unprofitable for the first three months. At the right approach, increasing the number of orders and expanding the customer base, the first profit may appear in six months. Income will increase from 600 thousand rubles in the first month to 3 million rubles in the sixth month of work.

Office opening

The location of the office depends on the availability of funds. For the prestige of the company and the convenience of potential clients, rent premises in the city center. You can open an office on the outskirts. Rental cost per 1 sq. m will decrease from 2 thousand rubles in the center to 400 rubles. in a remote area. This option is more convenient for carriers (the location is close to the highway).

The number of employees depends on the expected volume of business. If there is no client base, and at first you will be engaged in dispatch services, 1 dispatcher and you performing all other functions (director, accountant, manager) will be enough.

Be sure to equip your office with:

a desktop with a computer with Internet access;
telephone with multi-channel communication;
office equipment: MFP, fax.

Buy quality software allowing:

register contracts;
take into account applications;
calculate the cost of services, cost and profitability of services for each client;
automate supply chain management;
quickly and accurately write out primary documentation;
generate reports;
generate an extract at the request of the customer.

Staff

Look for workers with experience. It is advisable that the manager has his own client base. This way you will get back on your feet faster and will be provided with orders. For smooth operation, you will only need competent transportation managers. Their tasks:

development of transport schemes;
determination of the most profitable directions of transport flows;
communication with clients;
coordinating the actions of counterparties;
prompt response to problems that arise and inform management if the manager’s competence and authority do not allow them to be eliminated.

The logistics manager must be:

punctual;
proactive;
literate;
sociable.

The salary of a transportation manager is from 20 thousand rubles. monthly (rate + percentage of profit). At first, use the services of a visiting accountant. They will cost you 10 thousand rubles.

As your business develops, expand your staff and purchase additional office equipment. To clearly separate functions, organize 2 departments:

Commercial. Specialists will accept applications, issue invoices, issue waybills, and inform customers about cargo delivery. Their responsibilities will include cargo insurance and searching for new contractors. 2-3 competent specialists will be enough.
Transport and forwarding. Specialists monitor the condition of rolling stock, maintenance schedules, and carry out work on cargo dispatch and delivery. They are also providing additional services with the involvement various types transport. At least 3 people will be required in this area.

Remember: reducing the number of staff and forcing employees to perform duties that they have only a vague understanding of can lead to fatal consequences for the business. The logistics of amateurism are unforgiving and hit the pocket hard. Penalties, fines, tarnished reputation are the result of any miscalculations or incompetence, both of staff and management. Cargo transportation as a business requires maximum control over all stages of work.

How to attract clients

To get your first customers, you need to take certain actions:

place an ad in the newspaper;
print promotional products: business cards, booklets with a story about your company;
place information on banners along busy highways and in the central part of the city;
create a website on the Internet indicating the list of services provided and contact information;
Call as many contractors as possible and express your interest in cooperation. Tell us about your benefits. There will definitely be interested parties;
make personal connections to find your first clients.

Advice: be sure to conclude client agreements with carriers and contracts for forwarding cargo support. Never rely on your word. Oral agreements have no legal force. There are frequent cases of deception and fraud in the absence of concluded contracts. If you do not want to document your relationship, refuse to cooperate and remove the unreliable client from your database.

Opening time

Cargo transportation – seasonal business. Peak season is autumn and spring. Experts recommend establishing a freight forwarding business in summer time. By the time of the busy season, you should already have a work plan in place, your first clients have been found, and inconsistencies that arise at first have been taken into account and corrected.

To open a transport company, you will need necessary knowledge, a well-thought-out business plan, a desire to work 24 hours a day and a desire for dialogue with all interested parties.

The transport business is a very profitable investment for your capital. Today, cargo transportation is in demand more than ever: consumer demand for a wide variety of goods is constantly growing, as a result of which supply is also growing. Large manufacturers organize mainly wholesale supplies. But small wholesale, retail trade and numerous online markets - regular customers transport companies. But, of course, in order to organize a competitive business, you should thoroughly study the area in which you plan to work.

At the initial stages, you will have to place all the main organizational activities on your shoulders. Of course, if you initially do not have a smart assistant with a good reputation and experience at hand, leadership positions in forwarding and logistics companies. Such you need a partner like air. If you fail to find a consultant experienced in this area, it is better to put off your idea for a while - there is a high probability of “flunking” everything at the very beginning. But, if you are determined to create a logistics business, then we will consider how to open your own transport company step by step.

Features of the transport business

The essence of logistics is the development of optimal transportation routes, including time for driver rest, refueling, and any circumstances that “slow down” the process that may arise along the way. The forwarding department constantly supervises the process, monitoring the location of each machine, collecting information and ensuring that customers are completely satisfied with the service provided to them. The undoubted advantages in the transport business are:

no need to obtain a license;
"start" and initial stages business development will not require too large financial investments;
“buoyancy” and “strength”;
according to statistics, among transport companies bankruptcy rate is one of the lowest, since after the first and second waves of the crisis, representatives of this market segment recovered very quickly.

Opening a transport company from scratch - what do the owners of such a business say? The video below provides the answer.

Company registration

Majority transport companies registered as CJSC (closed joint-stock companies), LLC, OJSC, as well as PBOLE(entrepreneur without legal entity formation). Each of these organizational and legal forms has its own disadvantages and advantages. Under PBOYUL there is a value added tax.

Joint-stock companies are an excellent form for creating a business with the prospect of serious expansion, but in order to open an OJSC (and even more so, a CJSC), you must go through many very complex procedures involving tedious paperwork and obtaining tons of certificates. Therefore, the optimal form for today is considered an LLC, which is preferred by many entrepreneurs, owning a variety of companies.

By the way, you can also purchase a ready-made company, but in this case you should thoroughly familiarize yourself with the object of purchase, identify the pitfalls and possible hidden reasons why this business is being sold.

Registration can be completed much easier if you seek help from a reliable company that provides legal support services. This way you will avoid unwanted mistakes, fuss, conflict situations, queuing. Before choosing such an assistant company, make sure of its integrity, experience and competence. Among other things, you will be required to contribute start-up capital and open a business bank account.

Selection of premises

The office space will not only be the legal address of the enterprise (in connection with which a lease agreement will be required between the owner of the space and the newly formed company), but will also be the “face” of your company, which should not be forgotten. Not necessarily It’s not even desirable for the office to be “drenched in luxury,” but it should look decent: a simple European-quality renovation and new office equipment, as well as an impressive plasma or projector in the presentation room - this is the required minimum.

Warehouses must be spacious and comply with all safety standards: fire, sanitary, labor protection, etc. That is, the floors must be non-slippery, perfectly level (without cracks or holes), the ramps must be comfortable and appropriate for the height of the vehicle. It would be nice to equip warehouses with electric lifting ramps.

You must take into account that the operation of a warehouse is 70% of the success of a transport company. This means that the conditions for workers should be as comfortable as possible - a canteen with a microwave and kettle, availability cold water, shower with cold and hot water– many entrepreneurs “forget” about this, not wanting to take into account that the times of feudal lords are long over and making money on the health and humiliation of ordinary workers sooner or later leads to collapse.

Equipment

It's best to buy new. This way, you will be sure that in case of any problems during the warranty period, they will fix everything or send you a new one. As Winston Churchill once said: “I am not rich enough to buy cheap things.” You can’t argue with this - of course, you need to save, but priority should still be placed on quality. On average, new rockla (hydraulic trolley) will cost you 7,500 - 9,000 rubles. You should ideally have 1 such device for each warehouse worker.

In addition, regardless of the size of the warehouse, you will need to have forklift, adapted for working with pallets (pallets). New costs about 500,000 rubles. See for yourself here - if it’s expensive, you can buy a used one in excellent condition. But then, when purchasing, take with you a specialist who will properly inspect the car.

It is not necessary to buy a loader right away, but it is highly advisable. The point is that one of your potential clients may need to transport something too heavy. Unloading something like this manually is impossible, but using a rocker is extremely difficult and risks breaking it, as well as damaging the cargo itself. Therefore, a loader machine will greatly simplify and speed up work.

Make sure there is always stock in stock sufficient quantity consumables - stretch tape and adhesive tape, it is not advisable to save on them, but keep strict records to avoid theft. As for cars, transport companies usually enter into contracts with truck owners, who are often also drivers. Thus, transportation is generously paid, but responsibility for possible damage to the vehicle and cargo on the road rests with the owner of the vehicle.

Personnel and promotion

First time you can limit yourself to a minimum staff, combining several functions at once for each of the employees. In order to save money and gain invaluable experience, I myself The owner of the company can initially assume several important functions. But keep in mind that if your employees are overloaded with multidisciplinary work, this will significantly reduce the efficiency of their work.

It is advisable to give preference to specialists with work experience, even in related fields and not in leadership positions. Bookkeeping is too important a task, so you can’t entrust it to an amateur. It's good to use the services audit company, but it is much better to find an intelligent specialist yourself.

Depending on your creativity, connections and financial opportunities, you can completely entrust the function of promoting your business to a reputable advertising agency, or try to do this personally, limiting yourself to ordering professional advertisers to develop the “face” and style of your brand.

The agency, taking into account your wishes, will come up with a logo for the enterprise, a corporate color scheme, a slogan, perhaps an advertising audio clip for the radio or a poster for a billboard; brand book, branded stationery. You decide for yourself where, in what quantity and how to place advertising products. Of course, completely relying on an agency is convenient, but not always affordable.

Possible problems

Beginning transport companies often face the following obstacles:

Theft. You must be confident in your “backbone” - the employees with whom you are starting a business. In addition, a control system should be provided - CCTV cameras, security, personal audits of accounting, regular maintenance of reporting documentation.

Service. Clients may be dissatisfied with the quality of services. Especially at the development stage, things can often go wrong. Cargo delays, causing damage to the client. This process must be controlled rudeness on the part of the staff should not be tolerated, every client should be satisfied– the reputation of the enterprise directly depends on this.

Control carrier. It is advisable that cars be equipped with GPS systems.

Quality transportation The cargo must be compactly and securely stowed. To do this, warehouse workers must always have a sufficient amount of consumables and proper equipment. It is necessary to establish the level of permissible “breakage” of the cargo and remove the difference from wages employees to encourage them to do quality work.

Also install average monthly battle percentage– in case of good performance, employees should be rewarded. At the same time, you should take into account: if you introduce a system of fines, it should not be overly strict, and besides, salaries should be high enough - otherwise you will never achieve even half the effective and high-quality work