Other

Where is Tolochin located? History Information about the city of Tolochin

The Tolochin region can rightfully be called a quiet land of forests and rivers, but this impression is deceptive. The turbulent events of history have never passed our area by.

The territory of the Tolochinsky district was inhabited during the Mesolithic era (Middle Stone Age) around the 9th millennium BC. e. Tribes of the Upper Dnieper, Narva, North Belarusian, Dneprodvinsk, and Bantser culture lived on its territory. Settlements of these cultures were found around dd. Ugolevshchina, Zarechye, Shashelovka, Bagrinovo, etc.

So, the history of the lands that are part of the region today goes back to ancient times. The first chronicle mentions of populated areas Our area dates back to the 11th-12th centuries. In ancient chronicles, 10 cities of the western lands of Rus' are named, incl. the city of Drutsk, the millennium, which was celebrated in 2001. Drutsk appeared in the 10th-13th centuries southern border Principality of Polotsk.

The city of Drutsk was an important point on the trade route from the “Varangians to the Greeks,” which passed through the territory of our region.

In 1001, one of the first Orthodox churches on the territory modern Belarus- Holy Mother of God.

The Drutsky princes occupied an important position in the Principality of Polotsk, and then in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. A native of the Drutsky princes was Sophia Drutskaya (Golshanskaya), the wife of the Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland Jogaila (Vladislav).

District center- the city of Tolochin, mentioned in the chronicle in 1433 as a place within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The city belonged to the Drutsk princes and their heirs, from the beginning of the 17th century - to the Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Lev Sapega. In 1604, he founded a wooden church here, which was rebuilt and in 1804 transformed into the Orthodox Church of the Holy Intercession. Now this is the Holy Intercession Convent.

As a result of the 1st partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772), the eastern part of Tolochin became part of Russian Empire(from 1782 it had the status of a city, from 1783 - a town) and began to be called Old or Russian Tolochin (border customs point). And the western one, which was located on the Drut River - Zarechny or New Tolochin, until 1793. was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

In November 1812, during Patriotic War The Emperor of France, Napoleon, stayed in Tolochin. The building where it was located has survived to this day.

Old Tolochin is the center of the Starotolochinsky volost of Kopylsky, since 1861. - Orsha district. New Tolochin is the center of the Zarechnotolochin volost of the Sennen district of the Mogilev province.

In 1897, 2,614 residents lived in the town of Tolochin. At the beginning of the 20th century, 2 tanneries, a brick factory, a brewery, a mill, a school, and 2 public schools operated in Tolochin.

After October Revolution in November 1917, a small town council was created in Tolochin. It included 1008 soldiers and 600 workers.

On February 18, 1918, the Kaiser's Germany, violating the terms of the truce, launched an offensive along the entire front against the young Soviet state.

Tolochin, Starotolochinskaya, Kokhanovskaya volosts and other territories of modern Tolochinshchina were occupied. The occupation lasted about 8 months. On October 25, the city of Tolochin was liberated by units of the Red Army. Soviet power was restored.

The first socialist transformations in agriculture began in 1919 -20. In the Tolochin region, the state farm "Raitsy" and communes were created in the estates of Bagrinovo, Ozertsy, and others.

Since 1920, Tolochin has been part of the Vitebsk province of the RSFSR. Since July 17, 1924, Tolochin has been the center of the district as part of the Orsha district, since 1938 - in the Vitebsk region. On June 22, 1955, it was given city status.

The peaceful life of the area ended on June 22, 1941. Within two weeks, fierce battles began for Tolochin. The Nazis were opposed by the 1st Moscow Division. The fighting continued for three days. Having suffered heavy losses, the Nazis captured the city. But the Tolochin residents did not surrender to the mercy of the invaders.

During the Great Patriotic War, more than 10 thousand Tolochin residents defended the honor and independence of their Motherland at the front. On the territory of the region in different times 12 partisan brigades and other formations operated. The largest among them were the brigades of M.P. Gudkova, "Thunderstorm". The 1st Brigade named after K.S. was temporarily stationed here. Zaslonov, 8th Kruglyanskaya Brigade, 2nd Belarusian Brigade named after P.N. Ponomarenko. Two of the nine partisan generals I.M. Kordovich and I.P. Kozhar are natives of the Tolochin region.

Tolochin was liberated on June 26, 1944 by the forces of the 5th Guards Tank Army under the command of Marshal of Armored Forces P.A. Rotmistrov.

During the war years the area suffered heavy losses. During the occupation, 9,521 people died in Tolochin and the region, 2.5 thousand were driven into fascist slavery. More than 4.3 thousand Tolochin residents died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, about 580 people died in partisan detachments and the underground.

Tolochin residents continue the creative relay of their ancestors, and we simply must write a new page in history with our own intelligence, work and enthusiasm native land, without forgetting their roots and traditions.

City

Belor. Talachyn


Coat of arms

54°25′ N. w. 29°42′ E. d.

Country

Region

District

Tolochinsky

Chairman of the district executive committee

Sergey Valerievich Egorov

History and geography

First mention

1433

LUM height

199 m

Time zone

UTC+3

Population

▼ 9817 people (2015)

Digital IDs

Dialing code

+375 2136

Postal code

211092

Vehicle code

tolochin.vitebsk-region.gov.by

Tolochin(Belarus. Talachyn) - a city on the Drut River, the administrative center of the Tolochinsky district. Population - 9817 people (as of January 1, 2015).

Story

Tolochin was first mentioned in 1433 as a city within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. From the middle of the 16th century. Tolochin is a town in Orsha district, Vitebsk voivodeship. The town was owned by the Drutsky princes from the end of the 16th century. - Sapieha, after - Sangushko. In the XVI century. The town belonged to the Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Lev Sapega, who in 1604 founded a Catholic church, school and hospital here.

On September 17, 1708, the Swedish corps of General Adam Ludwik Levengaupt arrived in Tolochin. On September 18, the Swedes went to Mogilev.

After the 1st partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, the border between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth passed along the river. Drut. The eastern part of the town became part of the Russian Empire and became known as Old or Russian Tolochin, the western part - Zarechny or New Tolochin, and until 1793 remained part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Old Tolochin was considered the center of the Starotolochinsky volost, which was included in Kopyssky, and in 1861 - in Orsha district. New Tolochin was the center of the Zarechnotolochin volost of the Sennen district of the Mogilev province.

On November 10, 1812, retreating, Napoleon arrived in Tolochin, where he received news that the Russians had captured the Borisov bridge cover on the Berezina, through which they had to cross French army. During the Patriotic War of 1812, the French caused great damage to Tolochin and the surrounding area.

In 1871, the Smolensk-Brest section of the Moscow-Brest Railway was opened. The road passed three kilometers from Tolochin, where the station was built. The first school was opened in Stary Tolochin in 1863, in 1868 the Kokhanovsky school was opened, and in 1869 the Zarechnotolochinsky public school. After the cholera epidemic of 1870, a hospital was opened in Kokhanovo, and in Tolochin in late XIX V. a pharmacy was opened.

According to the 1897 census, there were 2,614 inhabitants in the town (of which 1,955 were Jews), and at the beginning of the 20th century. - 3748 inhabitants, 391 residential buildings, including 6 brick buildings, 2 tanneries, a starch factory, a brick factory, a brewery, a glass factory, and a mill. There were 2 public schools, a school, a free public reading room, a library, a postal and telegraph office, an Orthodox and catholic church, Jewish prayer schools.

In February-October 1918, Tolochin was occupied by the troops of the Kaiser's Germany. In 1918, more than half of the town burned down.

In 1920, Tolochin became part of the Vitebsk province of the RSFSR. In 1924, Tolochinsky and Kokhanovsky districts were formed as part of the Orsha district of the BSSR; in 1931, the Kokhanovsky district was abolished. Since 1938, Tolochin has been part of. On September 27, it was given the status of an urban village. In 1939, the population was 6,100 people, there was a flax mill, a tannery, and a weaving factory.

During the Great Patriotic War

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, stubborn battles in the region were fought by the 1st Moscow Motorized Rifle Division under the command of Colonel Ya. G. Kreizer.

Tolochin was occupied by the 18th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht (General Nehring) on July 8, 1941 and became part of the territory administratively assigned to the rear headquarters of Army Group Center.

According to the results of the All-Union Population Census, conducted in 1939, 1,292 Jews lived in Tolochin, or 21.2% of the total number of residents of the city. All the Jews who did not have time to evacuate were herded into the ghetto by the Nazis and almost completely exterminated. During the occupation, the Germans killed 9,521 people in Tolochin and the region.

On June 26, 1944, the urban village was liberated by the troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front. A special correspondent for the corps newspaper wrote about this:

Oh, Tolochin, you, Tolochin,

Belarusian town!

A German was beaten here,

Crushed into powder!

Post-war

On July 22, 1955, Tolochin was given city status. According to the master plans of 1968 and 1977, new houses and industrial buildings were built in Tolochin, a microdistrict was created, and the center was built up with 2-5 storey buildings.

Population

1939	1959	1970	1979	1989	2006	2016	2018
6095	▲ 6542	▲ 7427	▲ 8441	▲ 11409	▼ 10278	▼ 9761	▼ 9690

In 2017, 112 people were born and 143 people died in Tolochin. Birth rate - 11.5 per 1000 people (average for the district - 10.9, for the Vitebsk region - 9.6, for the Republic of Belarus - 10.8), mortality rate - 14.7 per 1000 people (average for the district - 20.3, in the Vitebsk region - 14.4, in the Republic of Belarus - 12.6).

Economy

The following enterprises operate in Tolochin:

RUE "Tolochin Cannery"
Branch "Tolochin Cheeses" of OJSC "Vitebsk Meat Processing Plant"
JSC "Tolochin Elevator"
GLHU "Tolochinsky forestry enterprise"

Transport

Tolochin has good transport links with many cities of the republic. Highways pass through the city P19(Tolochin - Krupki), P25 (P26(Tolochin - Krugloye - Nezhkovo). There is a highway 5 km from the city M1E 30 There is a regular bus service to, and Krugloye.

Tolochin railway station on the line - . Passenger and fast trains to , suburban connections with and .

Attractions

The complex of the Basilian monastery (XVII-XIX centuries), including the Intercession Church (1604), residential building (1779), gates and fence (XVII century). Nowadays he is an active Orthodox Christian Holy Intercession Monastery
Catholic St. Anthony's Church, built to commemorate the Russian victory in the Patriotic War of 1812
Near Tolochin is Drutsk - an ancient Russian city of the 11th-14th centuries, the center of the principality; now an agricultural town

Origin of the name

The name "Tolochin" may mean "a settlement founded by a man nicknamed Cleanup" This name meant “one who tramples, crushes, breaks”, “topotun”, or “one who is constantly invited to join others field work"(cleanse). Also known is the word cleanup meaning “fallow land”. IN in this case the name “Tolochin” can be understood as “a settlement on land fallow or next to it.”

According to another version, the name comes from the word “thrush”, meaning “ trading place, crossroads of trade routes,” which is due geographical location Tolochina.

According to dictionaries, the name of the city is pronounced as “Tolochin”, but the more common pronunciation is “Tolochin”.

Media

The regional newspaper “Nasha Talachynshchyna” is published. Published since March 1931, previous names: “Kalgasnik Talachynshchyny”, “Chyrvony Khlebarob”, “Leninets”, “Scyag Ilyich” (this is what the newspaper was called from 1962 to 2001, when it received its current name).

The poet Pimen Panchenko wrote the poem “Ode to Tolochin.”

Notes

Tolochinsky district executive committee// Management
Population as of January 1, 2015 Archived December 14, 2015.
History of Talachyn district(Belarusian).
Picturesque Russia Volume III, sect. II. - St. Petersburg, 1882.
Patriotic War of 1812// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
Guderian, H. Erinnerungen eines Soldaten. - Heidelberg, 1951.-S. 140. (German)
Distribution of the Jewish population of the USSR 1939 / edit Mordechai Altshuler. - Jerusalem, 1993. - P. 39. (English)
Vovchenko I. A. Tankers
All-Union Population Census of 1939. The size of the urban population of the USSR by urban settlements and intra-city areas (undefined) . Demoscope Weekly
All-Union Population Census of 1959. The size of the urban population of the Union republics (except the RSFSR), their territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender (undefined) . Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
All-Union Population Census of 1970. Urban population of the Union republics (except the RSFSR), their territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender (undefined) . Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
All-Union Population Census of 1979. Urban population of the Union republics (except the RSFSR), their territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender (undefined) . Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
All-Union Population Census 1989. Urban population of the Union republics, their territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender (undefined) . Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
Statistical yearbook of the Vitebsk region. - Mn. : National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus, 2018. - pp. 45-48.
Statistical yearbook of the Vitebsk region. - Vitebsk: Main Statistical Office of the Vitebsk Region, 2013. - P. 46-49.
Demographic Yearbook of the Republic of Belarus. - Mn. : National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus, 2018. - pp. 160-163.
Rogalev A. F. Names Fatherland (tapanimiya of Belarus). - Gomel: Bark, 2008. - P. 186. - 216 p. - ISBN 978-985-6763-40-6.
Tatarinov Yu. A. Cities of Belarus: Vitebsk region. - Minsk: Encyclopedics, 2006. - 208 p. - ISBN 985-6742-36-6.
Website about railway- additional pages
Newspaper "Our Talachynshchyna"

Links

Tolochinsky District Executive Committee - official website
Talachyn (Belorian). Prydzvinsk region: history and present day. State Institution “Vitebsk Regional Library named after. V. I. Lenin."
Tolochin on Globus TUT.by
Website of the Tolochin regional newspaper “Our Talachynshchyna”

Coat of arms of Tolochin
Country	Belarus
Region	Vitebsk
District	Tolochinsky
Postal code	211092
Coordinates	Coordinates: 54°25′00″ N. w. 29°42′00″ E. d. / 54.416667° n. w. 29.7° east d. (G) (O) (I) 54°25′00″ n. w. 29°42′00″ E. d. / 54.416667° n. w. 29.7° east d. (G) (O) (I)
Vehicle code	2
Dialing code	+375 2136
Official website	link (english)
First mention	1433
Population	10.2 thousand people (2010)
Time zone	UTC+2, in summer UTC+3

Tolochin (also Tolochino, Bel. Talachyn) is a city in the Vitebsk region of Belarus on the Drut River, the administrative center of the Tolochinsky district. Population - 10.2 thousand people (2010).

Economy

The following enterprises operate in Tolochin:

UKPP "Tolochin Textile Factory" - production of bedspreads, rugs, blankets, production of cotton and woolen fabrics

Attractions

Near Tolochin is Drutsk - an ancient Russian city of the 11th-14th centuries, the center of the principality; now a village
Catholic Church of St. Anthony, built to commemorate the victory of Russia in the Patriotic War of 1812
The complex of the Basilian monastery (XVIII-XIX centuries), including the Church of the Intercession (1769), residential building (1779), gates and fence (XVIII century). Nowadays it is a functioning Orthodox Holy Protection Monastery

Story

Tolochin was first mentioned in 1433 as a city within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. From the middle of the 16th century. Tolochin is a town in Orsha district, Vitebsk voivodeship. The town was owned by the Drutsky princes from the end of the 16th century. - Sapieha, after - Sangushko. Its geographical position was very convenient, and brisk trade flowed through it. However this path attracted not only merchants and travelers; during the Russian-Lithuanian and Russian-Polish wars, death and devastation swept through it.

After the 1st partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, the border between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth passed along the river. Drut. The eastern part of the town became part of the Russian Empire and became known as Old or Russian Tolochin, the western part - Zarechny or New Tolochin, and until 1793 remained part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Old Tolochin was considered the center of the Starotolochin volost, which was included in Kopyssky, and in 1861 - in Orsha district. New Tolochin was the center of the Zarechnotolochin volost of the Sennen district of the Mogilev province.

The Patriotic War of 1812 was a difficult test; the French inflicted heavy losses on Tolochin and the surrounding area.

In 1871 the Smolensk-Brest section of the Moscow-Brest Railway was opened. The road passed three kilometers from Tolochin, where the station was built. The first school was opened in Stary Tolochin in 1863, in 1868 the Kokhanovsky school was opened, and in 1869 the Zarechnotolochinsky public school. After the cholera epidemic of 1870, a hospital was opened in Kokhanovo, and in Tolochin at the end of the 19th century. a pharmacy was opened. According to the 1897 census, there were 2,614 inhabitants in the town, and at the beginning of the 20th century. - 3748 inhabitants, 391 residential buildings, including 6 brick buildings, 2 tanneries, a starch factory, a brick factory, a brewery, a glass factory, and a mill. There were 2 public schools, a school, a free public reading room, a library, a postal and telegraph office, a church and a church.

In February-October 1918, Tolochin was occupied by the troops of the Kaiser's Germany. In 1918, more than half of the town burned down.

In 1920, Tolochin became part of the Vitebsk province of the RSFSR. In 1924, Tolochinsky and Kokhanovsky districts were formed as part of the Orsha district of the BSSR; in 1931, the Kokhanovsky district was abolished. Since 1938, Tolochin has been part of the Vitebsk region. On September 27, it was given the status of an urban village. In 1939 the population was 6,100 people, there was a flax mill, a tannery, a weaving factory, etc.

During the Great Patriotic War

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, stubborn battles in the region were fought by the 1st Moscow Motorized Rifle Division under the command of Colonel

The history of Tolochin and the first mention of it in the chronicle, the Basilian monastery, the Roman Catholic Church of St. Anthony of Padua, the city square, the Alley of Heroes, a stone in honor of the founding of the city, the local history museum, famous people Tolochinism

The history of Tolochin and the first mention of him in the chronicle

The first mention in chronicles of a small Belarusian town Tolochin dates back to 1433. Like the neighboring one, Tolochin is located on the trade route “from the Varangians to the Greeks” and was just as often ruined due to enemy raids. Either the crowd in the city was incredible from brisk trade, or ships were pushing logs from Drut to the Dnieper, no one remembers exactly, but the city is still called Tolochin. By 1621, there were already 314 houses in Tolochin. In 1897 in the town Tolochin 2614 inhabitants lived.

The city did not escape later wars either. War of 1812. It is believed that Napoleon himself spent one of the anxious nights in the residential building of the Basilian monastery during the retreat and gave the order to burn the staff papers and banners of his " Great Army“and the city itself to boot. During the occupation, 9,521 people died in the area, 2.5 thousand were driven into fascist slavery, more than 4.3 thousand Tolochin residents died on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, about 580 people died in partisan detachments and the underground.

During the Great Patriotic War, more than 10 thousand Tolochin residents defended the honor and independence of their Motherland at the front. At different times, 12 partisan brigades and other formations operated in the region. The largest among them were the brigades of M.P. Gudkova, Groza. The 1st Brigade named after K.S. was temporarily stationed here. Zaslonov, 8th Kruglyanskaya Brigade, 2nd Belarusian Brigade named after P.N. Ponomarenko. Two of the nine partisan generals I.M. Kordovich and I.P. Kozhar - natives Tolochinism. Released Tolochin was on June 26, 1944 by the forces of the 5th Guards Tank Army under the command of Marshal of Armored Forces P.A. Rotmistrov.

Church, erected on a natural high hill in 1853, still towers over the roadway. A small staircase will lead to the entrance, but the path will seem longer. Surely, caring residents of Belarusian cities know how to decorate the surrounding landscape, even if it is a small town, the maps of which have not been printed in the printing house for a long time.

Church of St. Anthony was built by order of Tsar Alexander I in honor of the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812. The decision to build was made quickly, but construction, like renovation, is not an easy task;). The Slavinskys donated 100 thousand bricks, the tsarist government allocated not only money (2000 in silver), but also the buildings of the former customs house for dismantling for the construction of the church. There were still not enough funds and materials. The church was built only in 1853.

IN post-war years The church building housed a weaving workshop, a furniture store, a weighing workshop, and a granary. Its internal layout also changed. Lost wooden sculptures and other wooden decor.

T Olochin, city square, stone in honor of the founding of the city.

If we walk along Lenin Street a little further, towards the intersection with Pionerskaya, we will find ourselves in the city square, passing by the house of culture. The square is small and simple in plan - the most ordinary public garden, along one of the sides of which, on Pionerskaya Street, there is a nearby Tolochin Museum of History and Local Lore with finds from the Drutsk settlement and a hotel. On the other side of the square on the street. Lenin is a monumental administrative building, slightly reminiscent of the Mossovet building in Moscow, and a traditional monument to V.I. Lenin. Alley of Heroes Soviet Union at the very beginning of the square.... In 2009, the square was slightly transformed: dried out trees were removed, the central alley was slightly expanded. On the other side of the street there is a pedestrian zone, as in many cities in the country. And it doesn’t matter that the town is tiny - it has its own pedestrian street. Of course, in the city, in addition to the stela with the date of foundation at the entrance, there is a stone in the park, which also indicates the date of the first mention of the city in the chronicle - 1433.

Probably Tolochinsky is interesting Museum of History and Local Lore, which, unfortunately, was not possible to get into. The museum was founded recently, in 1985. Opened to visitors on August 31, 2001 during the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of Drutsk. The museum's exposition consists of five viewing rooms: " Ancient history", "Historical", "Famous Compatriots", "Ethnographic", "Exhibition". The basis of the exhibition is archaeological finds s, witnesses of those ancient times when it successfully competed with Minsk. The museum itself is located in an administrative building built in the 20th century. Here you can see the works of artisans, numerous arrowheads, locks, belt buckles, as well as finds from the Drutsk burial mound. Probably no one can tell you more and better about the city than the museum staff during a tour.

Famous people of Tolochin region

Hero of Belarus, People's Artist of the USSR and Belarus Mikhail Savitsky, playwright Ales Petrashkevich, writers and poets Mikhas Zaretsky, Vera Verba, theater figure Valery Anisenko, Joseph Vasilevsky, Eduard Kornilovich, Ales Rylko, Anatoly Myasnikov were born in the Tolochinsky district.

Tolochin land gave the Motherland 10 Heroes of the Soviet Union and 11 Heroes of Socialist Labor. Heroes of the Soviet Union: F.K. Antashkevich, P.A. Galetsky, M.S. Kamelchik, I.P. Kozhar, N.P. Lugovsky, A.A. Luzgin, F.E. Makovetsky, M.B. Osipova, P. F. Sychenko, E. M. Teleshev. Army General V. G. Kazantsev was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.

Tolochin park diagram, Tolochin Belarus
Tolochin(Also Tolochin, Belarusian Talachyn) is a city in the Vitebsk region of Belarus on the Drut River, the administrative center of the Tolochinsky district. Population - 9761 people (as of January 1, 2016).

1 History
- 1.1 During the Great Patriotic War
- 1.2 post-war period
2 Economics
3 Transport
4 Attractions
5 Origin of the name
6 Media
7 Famous people
8 Interesting facts
9 Notes
10 Links

Story

On the left bank of the river. Druti is a fairly large town called Tolochin, in the 16th century. belonged to the famous chancellor Lev Sapega, who in 1604 founded a church, school and hospital here.

On September 17, 1708, the Swedish corps of General Adam Ludwik Levengaupt arrived in Tolochin. On September 18, the Swedes went to Mogilev.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, the French caused great damage to Tolochin and the surrounding area.

According to the 1897 census, there were 2,614 inhabitants in the town, and at the beginning of the 20th century. - 3748 inhabitants, 391 residential buildings, including 6 brick buildings, 2 tanneries, a starch factory, a brick factory, a brewery, a glass factory, and a mill. There were 2 public schools, a school, a free public reading room, a library, a postal and telegraph office, an Orthodox and Catholic church.

In February-October 1918, Tolochin was occupied by the troops of the Kaiser's Germany. In 1918, more than half of the town burned down.

In 1920, Tolochin became part of the Vitebsk province of the RSFSR. 1924 - Tolochinsky and Kokhanovsky districts were formed as part of the Orsha district of the BSSR; in 1931, the Kokhanovsky district was abolished. Since 1938, Tolochin has been part of the Vitebsk region. On September 27, it was given the status of an urban village. In 1939, the population was 6,100 people, there was a flax mill, a tannery, and a weaving factory.

During the Great Patriotic War

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, stubborn battles in the region were fought by the 1st Moscow Motorized Rifle Division under the command of Colonel Ya. G. Kreizer.

According to the results of the All-Union Population Census, conducted in 1939, 1,292 Jews lived in Tolochin, or 21.2% of the total number of residents of the city. All the Jews who did not have time to evacuate were herded into the Tolochin ghetto by the Nazis and were almost completely exterminated. During the occupation, the Germans killed 9,521 people in Tolochin and the region.

On June 26, 1944, the urban village was liberated by the troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front. A special correspondent for the corps newspaper wrote about this:

Oh, Tolochin, you, Tolochin,

Belarusian town!

A German was beaten here,

Crushed into powder!

Post-war

Economy

The following enterprises operate in Tolochin:

RUE "Tolochin Cannery"
Tolochinsky branch of OJSC "Lepel Milk Canning Plant"

Transport

Tolochin has good transport links with many cities of the republic. Highways pass through the city P19(Tolochin - Krupki), P25(Vitebsk - Tolochin) and P26(Tolochin - Krugloye - Nezhkovo). There is a highway 5 km from the city M1E 30. There is regular bus service with Minsk, Vitebsk and Orsha.

Tolochin railway station on the Minsk-Moscow line. Passenger and fast trains to Minsk, Orsha, Moscow, suburban connections to Orsha and Minsk.

Attractions

The complex of the Basilian monastery (XVII-XIX centuries), including the Intercession Church (1604), residential building (1779), gates and fence (XVII century). Nowadays he is an active Orthodox Christian Holy Intercession Monastery
Catholic St. Anthony's Church, built to commemorate the Russian victory in the Patriotic War of 1812
Near Tolochin is Drutsk - an ancient Russian city of the 11th-14th centuries, the center of the principality; now a village

Orthodox Church of the Intercession

St. Anthony's Catholic Church

Origin of the name

There are two versions of the origin of the city's name. The first connects the name with the word “toloka” - the unification of people for the sake of collective work. Supporters of the second version believe that the name of the city comes from the word “crowd” - a lively trading place.

According to dictionaries, the name of the city is pronounced as Tolochin, but the more common pronunciation is Tolochin.

Media

Famous people

Valery Danilovich Anisenko - Honored Artist (1991). Head of the Republican Theater of Belarusian Drama, artist and director (2001-2012). Since 2012, director and artistic director of the Yakub Kolas National Academic Drama Theater.
Irving Berlin (1888-1989) - American composer.
Lev Grigorievich Weber - Soviet hygienist, teacher, Deputy People's Commissar of Health of the RSFSR (1937-1944), Candidate of Medical Sciences (1945).
Arkady Iosifovich Zhuravsky (1924-2009) - Belarusian linguist. Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus.
Viktor Germanovich Kazantsev (b. 1946) - Hero of Russia.
Kaplan, Israel (ישראל קפלן (מחנך)) (1869-1927) - Israeli educator.
Ilya Pavlovich Kozhar (1902-1967) - Hero of the Soviet Union.
Aron Naumovich Reznikov (1915-1999) - Doctor of Sciences.
Mikhail Andreevich Savitsky (1922-2010) - People's Artist of the USSR.
Andrei Mikhailovich Usov (1917-1987) - Soviet tank driver, holder of the Order of Lenin, gun commander in the crew of Zinovy Kolobanov, who knocked out 22 tanks in one battle during the defense of Leningrad.
Zinovy Yakovlevich Khanin - Soviet orientalist, candidate of historical sciences.

The poet Pimen Panchenko wrote the poem “Ode to Tolochin.”

Notes

District Executive Committee | | Tolochinsky district | Tolochin | Tolochin News | News of Tolochinsky district | Tolochin district executive committee
Population as of January 1, 2015
Footnote error?: Invalid tag ; no text specified for belstat2016 footnotes
History of the Talachyn district (Belarus). Prydzvinsk region: history and present day. State Institution “Vitebsk Regional Library named after. V. I. Lenin."
Picturesque Russia Volume III, sect. II. - St. Petersburg, 1882.
Guderian, H. Erinnerungen eines Soldaten. - Heidelberg, 1951.-S. 140. (German)
Distribution of the Jewish population of the USSR 1939 / edit Mordechai Altshuler. - Jerusalem, 1993. - P. 39. (English)
Vovchenko I. A. Tankers
Website about the railway - additional pages
Newspaper "Our Talachynshchyna"

Links

Tolochinsky District Executive Committee - official website
Talachyn (Belarusian). Prydzvinsk region: history and present day. State Institution “Vitebsk Regional Library named after. V. I. Lenin."
Tolochin on Globus TUT.by
Website of the Tolochin regional newspaper “Our Talachynshchyna”

Cities of Vitebsk region

	Vitebsk \| Baran \| Braslav \| Verkhnedvinsk \| Deep \| Town \| Disna \| Dokshitsy \| Dubrovno \| Lepel \| Liozno \| Miory \| Novolukoml \| Novopolotsk \| Orsha \| Polotsk \| Postavy \| Senno \| Tolochin\| Chashniki