> Satellites of Mars

Two satellite of Mars: Phobos and Deimos. Description of the satellites of the Red Planet, size, mass, distance to the planet, research, detection and origin with photos.

Among the planets terrestrial group Only Mars has two satellites: Phobos and Deimos. These are tiny celestial bodies that make us think about the process of formation and development of our solar system.

Problems of identifying the satellites of Mars

If you look at appearance, then the Martian satellites Phobos and Deimos are more like asteroids. They are tiny (Phobos is 22 km, and Deimos is 13 km), so they are the smallest moons in the system. They are represented by carbonaceous chondrites of type I or II, which usually fill asteroids. In addition, the elongated shapes add strangeness.

Even when observed from Mars, they do not resemble familiar satellites. Deimos generally looks more like a star. Phobos lives closer, but in apparent size it covers only 1/3 of the lunar size. Distant 6000 km. The surface is littered with debris ejected from the Red Planet during impacts.

The distance of Deimos from Mars is 20,069 km, which is why it takes 30 hours for an orbital passage.

Origin of the moons of Mars

Strange appearance of Martian satellites for a long time made scientists think that there were asteroid bodies in front of them. Jupiter's gravity could have pulled them out of the asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars and pushed them toward the Red Planet. But orbital paths do not support this theory. Both satellites are stable and move almost in a circle. They may have emerged from leftover debris from early collisions.

Discovery and death of Mars satellites

For a long time, researchers believed that Mars was lonely. Johannes Kepler was the first to announce the possibility of the presence of satellites. But this came out of his mathematical calculations. In 1877 Asaph Hall held detailed review and finds Deimos (August 12) and Phobos (August 18).

The names came from the god of war Ares (for the Romans - Mars): Phobos - fear, and Deimos - panic. But Mars will not always exist accompanied. Every century, Phobos gets closer to 1.8 m. In 50 million years, the moon will crash into the planet or be torn apart by gravity.

Exploring the satellites of Mars

So far, none of the missions have focused specifically on satellites. But the devices arriving at Mars took photos of the planet and satellites and orbited around. The first to arrive was Mariner 9 in 1971, which imaged objects at great distances.

Similar observations were carried out by Viking (1970-1980s), Soviet Phobos-2 (1980s), Mars Global Surveyor (1990s), Mars Express (2000s) and MAVEN. The rovers are located on the planetary surface and cannot go to the satellites, but they have the ability to send pictures from a different angle. That honor went to Spirit, Opportunity and Curiosity. Now you know how many satellites Mars has and you can study each one more closely using the link.

Basic parameters of Mars satellites

№	Name	Dimensions (km)	Weight (kg)	Major axle shaft (km)	Orbital period	e	Opening date
1		26.8×22.4×18.4	1.072 10 16	9377,2	+7 h 39.2 m 29 s	0,0151	August 18, 1877
2		15×12.2×10.4	1.48 10 15	23 458	1.26244 days	0,0002	August 12, 1877

The moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos, were discovered almost simultaneously in August 1877. Phobos, which has a larger diameter, was discovered on August 12, two days after Deimos. The world saw the first photographs of two satellites of Mars almost a hundred years later: the Mariner 9 interplanetary station captured Phobos in 1971, and six years later the Viking 1 station photographed Deimos.

Characteristics of satellites

Phobos (its diameter is 23 kilometers) and Deimos (16 kilometers) are fairly small satellites located very close to their planet. Phobos is actually the closest to its planet among other satellites in solar system, and Deimos has smallest size. The orbital period of Phobos around the planet is 7 hours 29 minutes, the inclination of the orbit to the equator is one degree, and the density of matter is 2 g/m³. The orbital period of Deimos is 30 hours, the inclination of the orbit to the equator is 2.7 degrees, and the density of matter is 2 g/m³.

Structure and surface

Studies have shown that both satellites are quite different from each other topographically. Characteristic difference Phobos has numerous grooves parallel to each other, their width is approximately one hundred to two hundred meters, and their depth reaches twenty meters. Almost all of these grooves originate from the Stickney crater, which has the largest diameter of all (10 kilometers). But on Deimos there are no such parallel grooves, which makes the surface of the satellite more uniform. It is worth noting that the size of the craters is much smaller than on the other satellite - the largest of them has a diameter of two kilometers.

Interesting facts

The main question that scientists ask when studying the two satellites is: why is the surface of Phobos so different from the surface of Deimos? A clear answer to this question has not yet been found.

Other interesting facts:

• The orbital radius of Phobos becomes smaller (by 1.8 meters per century). According to research, if this trend continues, Phobos will collapse in 50 million years.
• Stickney, Phobos's largest crater, is named after the wife of Hale, the man who discovered both moons.
• It has been repeatedly hypothesized that there are carbon-rich rocks on Phobos and Deimos.

Theories of the origin and nature of the satellites of Mars, the history of their research were accompanied by hoaxes, rumors and legends. Phobos and Deimos were also called alien ships. And scientists have suggested that the number of satellites of the Earth’s twin could have been different.

Martian moons Phobos and Deimos

Prediction of Mars satellites

The idea that Mars has two accompanying bodies was first proposed by the German astrophysicist Johannes Kepler in 1611. He assumed this based on references to observations of a triple planet in the writings of Galileo Galilei. This entry was later interpreted as a description of Saturn with its famous rings.

Despite the incorrect premises, Kepler's assumption turned out to be true. To perpetuate the memory of the astronomer, craters on Mars and the Moon are named after him.

Calculations of the physical parameters of the satellites of Mars, even before their discovery, were given by Johnath Swift in 1726 in the book Gulliver's Travels, based only on his imagination. 8 craters on the surface of Phobos are named after the characters in this work.

Asaph Hall discovered the moons of Mars

In the 16th century, all developed observatories in Europe were puzzled by the search for the Moons of a neighboring planet. But Deimos and Phobos were officially discovered on August 11 and 17, 1877, respectively, in the United States by Asaph Hall. We managed to do this during the period of maximum rapprochement between our planet and its neighbor, which occurs every 15 years.

How did the moons of Mars get their name?

Phobos and Deimos received their official names in February 1878 after a long search for successful names. He corresponded with many representatives scientific world, and among the many proposed names, he chose the option of Henry George Madan. He, in turn, took the name from Homer's Iliad. According to another version, these names were suggested by an unknown schoolgirl from Great Britain.

Among the planets of the solar system, asteroids, stars and others cosmic bodies many names are taken from ancient mythology. The red planet, due to its aggressive surface color, was symbolically named after the ancient Roman god of bloody war. Mars, or, as the Greeks called him, Ares. He was considered one of the most revered gods, despite the fact that he symbolized cruelty, strength, and the desire for war for the sake of pleasure. It is logical that the satellites of the planet Mars were named after the children of the god of war of Greek mythology.

According to the beliefs of the Greeks, Ares's children accompanied him and Aphrodite in all battles. Therefore, it is obvious why the satellites today are called Phobos and Deimos, that is, fear and horror.

How many moons does Mars have?

How many moons Mars had remained unknown until 1877. Despite the mathematical calculations of astrologers, suggesting the presence of bodies in the orbit of its neighbor, it was believed that the planet had no natural satellites at all, since they could not be detected. The discovery of these objects became a sensation in the scientific world.

It has now been proven that the planet Mars has two natural satellites called Phobos and Deimos. The first is located in the inner orbit of the planet at an average distance of 9380 km, the second is two and a half times further.

Distance from Mars to its moons

Comparative sizes

The planet Mars has moons Deimos and Phobos, which are believed to be captured asteroids. Phobos and Deimos were discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall and were subsequently named after the Greek gods. It is possible that Mars may have satellites in its orbit smaller than 50 - 100 meters and a ring of dust between Phobos and Deimos, but nothing of this has been discovered so far.

Asaph Hall, the astronomer who discovered the moons of Mars, originally discovered Deimos on August 12, 1877, around 7:48 UTC, and Phobos on August 18, 1877, at the United States Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., at approximately 9:14 UTC. At that time, he was deliberately searching for Martian moons. The telescope with which the moons were discovered is a 66 cm refractor. In 1893 it was remounted and placed in a new dome, where it remains to this day.

Companions in mythology

An image of Deimos taken by the MRO spacecraft in 2008

Greek god Phobos - fear and greek god Deimos - horror, accompanied into battle by the father of Ares - the god of war. Ares, known to the Romans as Mars.

Many believe that Asaph Hall named the moons of Mars, but the names of the moons were suggested by Henry Madan and taken from Greek mythology.

Visibility of satellites from Mars

When viewed from the surface of Mars, the satellites are clearly visible. To see them, you need to be near the planet's equator; from this position, Phobos will be about a third the size of Earth's full Moon. Its angular size is 8 by 12 arc minutes. It appears smaller when the observer is further from the equator of Mars, and is completely invisible (always located below the horizon) in the region of the polar caps of Mars.

Image from the Curiosity rover on August 1, 2013. The image shows the moons of Mars: Phobos and Deimos in one frame!

Deimos is more like bright star or planet, to a Mars observer it is slightly larger, brighter than Venus in the Earth's sky and has an angular diameter of about 2 minutes. The angular diameter of the Sun on Mars is about 21 arcminutes. Thus, there are no full solar eclipses on Mars, as on Earth; the satellites are too small to completely cover the solar disk. On the other hand, partial solar eclipses of Phobos (one might even say transit across the solar disk) are very common and occur almost every night.

Structure

The largest of the so-called Monoliths on Phobos rises approximately 85 meters above the surrounding landscape

Based on data on mass, density and composition, the structure of the satellites is completely consistent with small asteroids. Except that due to the low density of Phobos, the latter most likely represents almost a bunch of rocks held together by the weak gravity of the satellite. Their surface is covered with a 100-meter layer of regolith and is heavily “strewn” with craters.

Interesting facts about Phobos and Deimos

The movements of the satellites are very different from the movements of our own Moon. Phobos rises in the West and sets in the East, completing one revolution in just 7 hours 40 minutes, while Deimos, being in close proximity to the synchronous orbit, also rises in the east, but very slowly. Despite its 30-hour orbit, Deimos's journey across the Martian sky takes 2.7 days to set in the West. The inclination of the orbit of Phobos and Deimos to the equator of Mars is about 1 degree. The mass of these tiny moons is very small: 10 and 2×10*15 kilograms, respectively.

Influence of Mars

The natural satellites of Mars are tidally locked by the planet's gravity (like our Moon) and always face the same side towards it. Because Phobos orbits Mars faster than the planet itself, tidal forces slowly but steadily reduce the radius of its orbit.

At some point in the future, when it gets close enough to Mars and tidal forces tear Phobos apart. Several craters on the surface of Mars, located near the equator, indicate that the planet may have had many other small moons that suffered the fate that awaited Phobos, and that the Martian crust had time to shift between these events. Deimos is located quite far from the planet, and its orbit is slowly increasing all the time, as is the case with our own Moon.

Information about the satellites of Mars

Name	Dimensions (km)	Weight (kg)	Orbital semimajor axis (km)	Circulation period(h)	Travel speed in km/s
Phobos	22.2 km (27 × 21.6 × 18.8) km	10.8 × 10 15	9,377 km	7.66	6,2
Deimos	12.6 km(10 × 12 × 16) km	2 × 10 15	23,460 km	30.35	3,94

Origin

The origin of Martian moons remains controversial. The surface of the satellites has many similarities with carbonaceous C-type asteroids, and the spectrum, albedo and density are very similar to C- or D-type asteroids. Based on their similarities, the prevailing hypothesis today is that both moons may have been captured from the main asteroid belt.

Both satellites have nearly circular orbits, lying almost exactly in the equatorial plane of Mars, and therefore, in theory, their capture requires that they initially move in a very elongated orbit, which is then, due to the drag of the atmosphere and tidal forces of the planet, acquired its current form. Although it is not clear how the capture of Deimos occurred. Capture also requires dissipation of energy (when moving to another orbit) and the current atmosphere of Mars is too thin to capture an object like Phobos by atmospheric braking. Astronomer Jeffrey Landis noted that capture could have occurred if the original body was a double asteroid that was then separated by the planet's tidal forces.

Phobos may be a second generation object, i.e. it could have already formed in the orbit of the planet, after the very formation of Mars, and not be formed simultaneously with the planet.

Alternative education hypothesis

Another moon formation hypothesis states that Mars was once surrounded by many bodies, the size of current moons, that were thrown into its orbit by a collision with a large planetesimal. The high porosity of Phobos (density 1.88 g/cm3 and voids that make up 25 to 35 percent of the volume) do not favor an asteroid origin.

Observations of Phobos in infrared spectrum show that it mainly contains phyllosilicates, which are well known on the surface of Mars. Its spectra differ from all classes of chondrites—meteorites of asteroidal origin. Based on these data, Phobos was formed from material that was thrown into the planet's orbit when Mars collided with an asteroid or other large body.

Solar eclipses on Mars

Solar eclipse on Mars, in " leading role» Phobos

Another eclipse option

Scientists cannot come to a common opinion about the origin of Mars' moon Phobos. One version says: Phobos is of artificial origin. Both satellites of Mars were discovered by American astronomer Asaph Hall in 1877. He named them Phobos and Deimos, which translated from Greek means “fear” and “terror.”

One of the satellites of Mars, Phobos, is located 9400 km from Mars. It has an irregular shape, not typical for cosmic bodies, and, like the Moon, it always faces the planet with only one side. Its dimensions are 26.6x22.3x18.5 kilometers.

According to one theory about the origin of the Martian satellite, Phobos is an asteroid captured by the planet's gravity. Similar celestial bodies many in the main asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars.

According to another theory, Phobos broke away from Mars during a collision between the planet and an asteroid, or some other catastrophe on a planetary scale. This is partially confirmed by the discovery of a large amount of phyllosilicate in the satellite rock. This mineral, which only forms in the presence of water, was previously discovered on Mars.

But there is also a theory about the artificial origin of Phobos. Researchers were able to find out that under the shell of the satellite there is a huge empty space. The conclusion about the presence of empty space was made by two independent groups of scientists by comparing information about the mass of Phobos and its gravitational force. These data were presented by the European Space Agency's Mars Express Orbiter spacecraft, launched on July 2, 2003. Russian rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome.

July 12, 1988 Two Soviet space stations, Phobos-1 and Phobos-2, launched towards Mars. For an unknown reason, communication with the Phobos-1 station ceased on September 2 of the same year, but Phobos-2 managed to reach the specified orbit.

March 27, 1989 The station began its approach to the satellite of Mars. For some unknown reason, the connection with him was interrupted, and it was not possible to restore it. It was as if he did not transmit any data.

Back in the seventies of the last century, the American Viking apparatus transmitted photographs of Phobos to Earth. And some of them show clear chains of craters. If these craters are of meteorite origin, then the meteorites fell to the surface in a very strange way. One after another in a clear line. At first, experts jokingly said that it had been bombed. Then they began to consider this version quite seriously.

After it was established that there were huge voids inside, the Soviet astrophysicist Shklovsky put forward what seemed at the time a fantastic assumption that Phobos is nothing more than a giant space station.

Marina Popovich immediately agreed with him. She also spoke about what happened before Phobos-2 interrupted contact with Earth. He managed to transmit several images. One shows an elliptical shadow on the surface of Mars. And it is visible not only in the normal range, but also in the infrared range. That is, it is not a shadow, because a shadow cannot be warm.

In the second image, near the surface of Phobos, a gigantic cylindrical object is clearly visible. It had the shape of a cigar, about 20 km long and 1.5 km in diameter. According to Marina Popovich, it was this object that destroyed the station. Destroyed it just at the moment when Phobos-2 was about to send instruments for research to the surface of the satellite.

The photographs were immediately classified.

American astronaut Edwin Aldrin, speaking on one of the American television channels, said that it is imperative, and first of all, to visit the Martian satellite Phobos. According to him, on the surface of Phobos there is “a strange thing, some kind of monolith.” He said that everyone who has seen a photo of this monolith does not doubt for a second that it was installed by someone.

NASA declined to comment on the image of a hemisphere the size of a five-story building, in which numerous depressions are visible. It was this object that Aldrin called a monolith.

Only the representative of the Canadian Space Agency, Dr. Alan Hildebrand, spoke on this matter. And he said a rather strange phrase, the meaning of which boils down to the fact that if you manage to get to the monolith, then you may not need to fly anywhere else.

After this interview, many scientists concluded that NASA has some very important information. And he tries to hide them.

Every year Phobos becomes closer to the surface of the planet. Sooner or later, the gravity of Mars will definitely tear him apart. But until this happens, there is time to study this mysterious and enigmatic satellite. It's still there.

Unfortunately, Russia's attempt to send a device to study the mysterious Phobos ended in failure. Accident?

The Russian interplanetary station Phobos-Grunt could not have become a victim of the asteroid radar sessions that American scientists carried out during the launch of the probe and immediately after it, according to calculations by Canadian amateur astronomer Ted Molczan.

A previously unnamed source in the rocket and space industry told the Kommersant newspaper that Phobos-Grunt could have been within the coverage area of ​​an American radar on the Pacific atoll of Kwajalein, which at that time was tracking the trajectory of one of the asteroids. Exposure to a powerful radio pulse, according to this version, could lead to a failure in the electronics, which is why the probe did not turn on the propulsion system and did not switch to the flight path to Mars.

During the period of November 8-9, at the same time as Phobos was launched, American scientists actually conducted an experiment to radar the 400-meter asteroid 2005 YU55, which approached the Earth at a distance of 325 thousand kilometers - 60 thousand kilometers less than the lunar orbit. However, only the 70-meter radio telescope at Goldstone and the Arecibo radio telescope (Puerto Rico) participated in it.

“I'm still looking for evidence of any Kwajalein radars being involved, but even if they did, the asteroid was below the horizon from the atoll observer's perspective during both Phobos-Grunt flybys,” Molchan wrote in the post. on the satellite observers website.

Thus, even if the radars on Kwajalein were participating in the 2005 YU55 radar program, at the moment when Phobos-Grunt passed over them, the radars had nothing to “look at” - the asteroid was invisible to them.

The automatic interplanetary station (AMS) "Phobos-Grunt" - the first Russian AMS in 15 years, designed to deliver soil samples from the satellite of Mars - was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome on the night of November 9. Both stages of the Zenit-2 SB launch vehicle worked normally, but the propulsion system of the interplanetary station did not turn on and was unable to transfer the device to the flight path to Mars. As a result, instead of a 34-month interplanetary odyssey, Phobos-Grunt suffered a little over two months to fly around the Earth.

On Sunday, January 15, the fragments of Phobos fell to Earth, but there is still no clarity about the time and area of ​​the fall of the fragments of the station.

The Russian Ministry of Defense reported that the wreckage of the station fell at 21.45 Moscow time Pacific Ocean- 1250 kilometers west of the Chilean island of Wellington. This information was confirmed by another RIA Novosti source in law enforcement agencies.

However, a source in the Russian rocket and space industry, citing data from civilian Russian ballistics experts, told RIA Novosti that fragments of the device could have fallen between 21.40 Moscow time and 22.20 Moscow time with the coordinates of the central point 310.7 degrees east longitude (equivalent to 49.3 degrees west longitude in the 180-degree system) and 18.2 degrees south latitude.

After the Phobos-Grunt explosion in the dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, the dispersion and fall of debris most likely began over the Atlantic Ocean and continued over a wide swath, including the territory of the Brazilian state of Goiás.

Roscosmos has not yet provided official information about the place and time of the station’s fall.

Secret...

This tiny satellite of Mars with the wonderful name “Fear”, and that’s exactly how Phobos is translated, turned out to have so many secrets that it’s simply amazing how it hasn’t yet crumbled under their weight... Oh, it doesn’t look like a satellite, but it looks like spacecraft. But whose?

It would be stupid to start a story about the secrets of Phobos without presenting a photo of it. Here he is handsome:
And looking at this image, by the way, taken on March 7, 2010 by the NASA Mars Express spacecraft, we see the most obvious subject of controversy. What is the secret of the numerous stripes on the surface of this cosmic body? The official explanation of this phenomenon, I think, is known to everyone, but I will voice it anyway.

Of course these are traces of meteorite impacts! When traveling through space, you will encounter all sorts of garbage. It’s just that these “traces” are strange. For some reason they run parallel and perpendicular to each other. Oh, meteorites - how precise... Have you seen such marks on any other body? Personally, I have not met.

But if, according to the hypothesis, we assume that Phobos is nothing more than a spaceship, the stripes find a completely reasonable explanation. Take a look at the enlarged image:
This is nothing more than a frame and bulkheads. Over the course of so many years, the ship's hull has deteriorated, and the internal parts have gradually begun to become exposed.

The next secret of Phobos lies in the very fact of its discovery. The two brothers (Terror (Deimos) and Fear) were discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall. This is despite the fairly developed technologies for observing planets and their satellites at that time. From this fact I.S. Shklovsky concluded that Mars acquired satellites quite recently. Moreover, he was also sure that Phobos was a spaceship.

In 1989, our Phobos-2 apparatus, being in those parts and carrying out its measurements, received data that the satellite of Mars is one-third hollow. And the aforementioned Mars Express confirmed these data. But that's not all.

The well-known MARSIS radar complex (as we remember, similar devices were developed and implemented thanks to the SETI project), having decided to “feel” Fear with its radio waves, received a very interesting reflected signal. This signal ambiguously indicates the presence of voids in the satellite’s body, and not just any voids, but geometric voids!

Have you ever heard about the so-called Monolith on the surface of Phobos, discovered in 1998 by E. Palermo? Buzz Aldrin himself once mentioned him.

This is what this mysterious object looks like:
One way or another, Phobos is clearly an artificial satellite. But what civilization built it? And this, friends, we would have found out this year, but again some “accident” did not allow “Phobos - Grunt” to leave the boundaries of our planet...

If you believe Wikipedia, then now we will have to wait until 2020! Some kind of evil fate is haunting me spacecraft sent to Mars! First, Mars Observer, which was supposed to confirm or deny the presence famous person on Mars in the Sidonia region, now “Phobos - Grunt” is just an accident after an accident...

Huge spaceship in orbit of Mars

Astrophysicist Dr. Joseph Samuilovich Shklovsky calculated the orbital motion of the Martian satellite Phobos, and came to the stunning conclusion that the moon of Mars is artificial, hollow, and in fact is a giant ship.

Fear and horror

Mars has two satellites - Phobos and Deimos, whose names are translated as Fear and Horror. Since Mars is named after the god of war, the names of the moons seem appropriate. Both satellites were discovered in 1877 by American astronomer Asaph Hall, who never suspected that they could be artificial. Both moons are extremely strange, especially Phobos. Shklovsky puzzled over them for a long time. Phobos and Deimos.

Deeply troubling facts

Two facts deeply worried Shklovsky.
Firstly, both satellites are too small. No planet in the solar system has satellites as small as Mars. They are unique.
Secondly, he was concerned about their origin. Were they simply asteroids captured by Mars' gravity? No and no! Their entire orbit was wrong. And they are very close to Mars. Too close. But the most amazing thing is that Phobos changes its speed from time to time.
Incredible but true!
Phobos is shaped like an interstellar spaceship
Russian astronomer Hermann Struve spent months calculating the orbits of Martian moons with extreme precision in the early 20th century. However, Shklovsky astutely noted that over time, the mysterious moon's orbital speed and position no longer corresponded to the mathematically calculated position.
After a lengthy study of tides, gravitational and magnetic forces, Shklovsky came to the inevitable conclusion that no natural causes could explain the origin of the two strange moons and their strange behavior, in particular Phobos
The orbit of this fantastic moon was so peculiar, and so strange, that Phobos could have been a giant spaceship.
Any possible cause was carefully examined, and decisively rejected. Either the alternative explanations did not have any evidence, or they did not struggle with mathematical calculations.
Thus, Phobos accelerated as it lost altitude, but perhaps it was affected by the outer edge of the thin Martian atmosphere? Could the atmosphere actually cause braking?

Phobos is empty like a tin can

During an interview discussing the features surrounding Phobos, Shklovsky said, "To produce a sufficient braking effect, and taking into account the extremely thin atmosphere of Mars at altitude, Phobos would have to have an extremely low mass (which it does), that is, very low density is about a thousand times less than the density of water.
Such low density, which is even lower than the density of the earth's cloud should have long ago dissipated Phobos without a trace.
“But could its apparent hardness have such an extremely low density, perhaps less than that of air? Of course not! There is only one configuration in which Phobos' shape and its extremely low density can be reconciled. Here we come to the conclusion that Phobos is a hollow, empty body, resembling an empty tin can."
In terms of its goals and execution, the Apollo lunar module was essentially the same as a tin can, only of course much smaller in size than Phobos.
“So, can a celestial body be hollow? Never! Thus, Phobos must be of artificial origin and be artificial satellite Mars. The unique properties of Deimos, although less pronounced than those of Phobos, also indicate its artificial origin.”
Alien ships the size of a small Martian moon? The so-called Martian face cannot be compared with this!
The US Naval Observatory itself gave weight to the words of the Russian astrophysicist, stating: Dr. Shklovsky quite accurately calculated that if the acceleration of Phobos is true, then the Martian moon should be hollow, since it lacks the weight inherent in a natural body and behaves in accordance with this weight .
Thus, even the august American institution admitted that there may be an alien ship in orbit around Mars... the origin of the strange object and its ultimate goals remain completely unknown.
Speculations about its purpose range from a giant Martian space observatory, to a half-finished interstellar spacecraft, or even a huge planet-killing bomb left over from an interplanetary war many millions of years ago.

Phobos...artificial satellite

The prestigious European space agency has said that Phobos, the mysterious Martian moon, is artificial. At least one third of it is hollow, and the origin of the satellite is not natural, alien in nature. ESA is the equivalent of NASA in Europe. Could this revelation motivate NASA to remove the veil of secrecy from its secrets? Don't count on it...

Famous astrophysicists considered Phobos artificial.

Astrophysicist Dr. Joseph Samuilovich Shklovsky first calculated the orbital motion of Phobos, the Martian satellite. He came to the inevitable conclusion that the Moon is artificial and hollow, in principle, a huge ship.

Russian astronomer Dr. Hermann Struve spent months calculating the orbits of two Martian moons with extreme precision in the early 20th century. After studying the astronomer’s report, Shklovsky realized that over time, the orbital speed and position of Phobos in space did not correspond mathematically to Struve’s predictions.

After a long study of tides, gravitational and magnetic forces, Shklovsky came to the firm conviction that there are no natural causes that could explain the origin of the two odd moons or their strange behavior, in particular that exhibited by Phobos.

The moons were artificial. Someone or something created them.

How Mars appeared many millions of years ago

During an interview about the mysterious Martian moon, Shklovsky explained: "There is only one explanation in which the characteristics are consistent, the constancy of the shape of Phobos and its extremely low average density can be reconciled. One must believe that Phobos is hollow, an empty body, resembling an empty tin can."

For decades, most mainstream science ignored Shklovsky's breakthrough until ESA began taking a closer look at the strange little moon.

The ESA abstract, which appears in the peer-reviewed journal Geophysical Research Letters, shows that Phobos is not what astrophysicists and astronomers for generations thought it was: a captured asteroid.

"We report independent results from two subteams of the Mars Express Radio Science (MaRS) team, which independently analyzed and monitored the data for the purpose of determining the consistent gravitational pull of the Phobos moon on the MEX spacecraft, and hence the mass of Phobos. New values ​​for the gravitational parameter (GM = 0.7127 ± 0.0021 x 10 - km³³/s²) and Phobos density (1876 ± 20 kg/m³) provide significant new constraints on the appropriate range of body porosity (30% ± 5%), providing a basis for improvement interpretations internal structure. We conclude that Phobos's interior likely contains large voids. When considering various hypotheses about the origin of Phobos, these results are not consistent with the proposal that Phobos is a captured asteroid."
Casey Kazani writes in ESA: Mars' Moon Phobos - "Artificial" that "... the official ESA Phobos website contained specific scientific data, with different points vision that strongly "supports the idea that the radar signals appear to be returning from inside a "huge geometrically... ... hollow ship." The coincidence of all three independent Mars Express experiments - "imaging", "internal mass distribution", (tracking) and "internal radar imaging" - now leads to the conclusion that "Phobos is partially hollow inside, with an internal, geometric void, that Phobos is artificial."

In other words, Phobos is not a natural satellite, it is not a "captured asteroid", and the object is hollow. This is exactly what Dr. Shklovsky identified back in the 1960s.

Phobos was artificially built and launched into Martian orbit...how, by whom?

Data shows Phobos is not natural. There is currently not enough information to discover what exactly Martian moons are, but there are some intriguing possibilities.

1. This giant spaceship could have been built like orbital station or a space observatory.

2. This is a generated ship that came from another star system and was placed in a parking orbit around Mars.

3. The Moon was built in the orbit of Mars by interstellar travelers, but was not completed.

The fourth possibility is more sinister and disturbing.

4. This is a functional (or non-functional) giant killer planet, a space bomb, perhaps left over from some interplanetary conflicts in the surrounding space millions of years ago. (Some researchers actually propose this hypothesis.)

Alien ship, superbomb or unfinished project?

Regardless of the state of modern Phobos, its origin and purpose are completely unknown.