Causes of sudden onset of fever and cough with rash in children. The child is covered in a rash, but there is no fever Rash cough without fever in children

The skin in the chest area is very delicate. Therefore, it can react to various negative factors. Often the rashes move to this area, spreading from the face area. But a rash on the chest can also be an independent phenomenon.

The causes of acne and acne in adults and children can be different. They are associated with infectious diseases, allergic reactions, internal pathologies and poor hygiene. Psychological health also affects skin condition. Women and infants are most often affected by rashes.

Types of rashes

Chest rash can be of various types. Depending on the shape and nature of acne, you can determine certain changes in the body. There are main types of rashes:

• scales;
• bubbles;
• crusts;
• small spots;
• nodular rashes.

In infants, the rash is called exanthema. They can be eliminated only after consulting a doctor who makes an accurate diagnosis. In this case, special agents are prescribed that are recommended for use in childhood.

Women often develop a small rash on the chest that has a scaly structure. Dead skin cells may flake off. The shade of the rash varies from silver to yellow.

Allergies may appear as red blisters. As they develop, they itch, creating severe discomfort.

Rashes in infants are called exanthema

Sometimes ulcers appear. They can be found not only on the chest, but also on the body. After bursting and drying, the skin becomes covered with crusts with serous or mixed contents inside.

Minor acne is common for pregnant women and mothers who are breastfeeding. It is associated with hormonal disorders in the body caused by pregnancy and lactation. Such changes take place on their own. But in other cases, medication will be needed to remove the stains.

Infectious diseases

The occurrence of a rash on the chest may be associated with infectious diseases. Without timely diagnosis, it is almost impossible to establish the nature and causes of its occurrence.

Acne often forms as a result of secondary infection with syphilis. In this case, a kind of necklace is formed around the neck, which distributes the rays. The rashes are usually mild and do not cause discomfort. Therefore, patients often discover them only after examination by a doctor. This is how secondary infection with syphilis manifests itself.

As the syphilis rash develops, it scars and turns into ulcers.

Tertiary syphilis also appears as a rash under and on the breasts. But the scattering of small hillocks is hard to miss. As they develop, they become scars, large nodules that transform into ulcers and take a long time to heal.

Rashes in adults can signal various childhood infections. They often appear in children.

• Red spots and papules may indicate measles. The rash first forms on the face and chest, and then it spreads to the back, legs and stomach. During this period, the temperature may rise, cough, runny nose and eye inflammation may intensify.
• A similar rash occurs with rubella, but it is paler in color. It immediately begins to spread all over the person’s body. At the same time, the cervical and occipital lymph nodes enlarge.
• Chicken rash looks like blisters, which are bright in color and swelling. It can be variegated and accompanied by a rise in temperature.
• Scarlet fever is characterized by a pinpoint rash on the chest that resembles normal redness. Additionally, you need to look at the patient’s tongue, which has a crimson tint.

The rash can also be caused by a tick bite that carries borreliosis or Lyme disease.

A person has:

• increase in temperature;
• headache;
• nausea;
• elevated temperature;
• creeping erythema.

The rash slowly spreads, forming a ring. There is clearing in the middle part, and swelling at the edges. After eliminating the erythema, pigmentation, scarring, complications from the nervous system, blood vessels, heart and joints are observed.

Allergic manifestations

A rash on the chest due to allergies resembles an infectious one. Most often, negative changes in the body are characterized by dermatitis. It is caused by contact with an irritant (wool, silk, metal jewelry).

When exposed, the skin begins to redden and swell. At the next stage, bubbles are formed. After they burst, weeping, peeling, and crusts are observed. In this case, the risk of infection of the body increases.

Some people note that after an allergen enters the body, hives form. Most often, its occurrence is influenced by food products and medicines. Red spots and papules form on the skin, occupying large surfaces.

Urticaria is a dangerous pathological reaction of the body. After all, it can provoke Quincke's edema and respiratory arrest. If the rash spreads quickly, you should call an ambulance.

An allergic reaction is accompanied by severe itching

Skin diseases

Sometimes the rash under and on the breasts is psoriasis. It has not been studied enough, but doctors can distinguish rashes characteristic of the disease.

At the initial stage of development, small papules have a pink tint. On the surface of the neoplasms there are silvery-white scales. When scraped off, the rash in the chest and back area becomes stearic. Sometimes droplets of blood appear.

Also, prickly heat may appear on the neck, shoulders and chest of an adult. It is formed when the sweat glands are clogged and appears in the form of small bubbles.

A rash in an infant may also indicate heat rash. In childhood, it appears as red papules accompanied by severe itching. It is caused by overheating of the body.

Emotional stress

When a person experiences negative emotions, the level of certain hormones in the body increases. Due to this, physiological and metabolic processes occur with disturbances.

As a result of a malfunction, a person may develop a rash on the sternum, arms and along the spine. The rash causes severe discomfort and is accompanied by unbearable itching.

Such formations on the skin can be eliminated only after normalization of the nervous system with the use of sedatives and psychological consultations.

Pathologies of internal organs

The skin reflects any changes in the body. Therefore, when problems occur, a person notices that a rash has appeared in the chest area. If the acne is large and painful, and is also localized on the back, then we can assume:

• kidney pathologies;
• liver problems;
• dysbacteriosis;
• dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract;
• hormonal imbalances;
• gynecological diseases.

An exacerbation is often triggered by a change in diet to include large amounts of carbohydrates and a decrease in the level of healthy fats and amino acids. These substances disrupt the functioning of the sebaceous glands.

Ignoring personal hygiene rules

Between and in the area of ​​the breasts there are a large number of sweat and sebaceous glands. They are necessary for the production of sebum and sweat.

Sweating is considered a natural process for every person. But with its intensity, moisture accumulation is observed. Due to this, a rash forms under the breasts.

Rashes can be caused by:

• violation of the body's thermoregulation;
• wearing clothes made of synthetic fabrics or uncomfortable tight things;
• overheating;
• obesity and obesity;
• increased temperature due to various pathologies.

Women can also suffer from an incorrectly chosen bra, which puts pressure on the glandular area.

You can prevent clogging of the sebaceous glands by following good hygiene rules.

A rash on the chest and back is formed when the sebaceous glands are clogged. This occurs due to the prolonged presence of dead cells, fat and sweat secretions on the surface of the skin. These phenomena are due to:

• wearing dirty clothes for a long time;
• lack of hygiene;
• applying low-quality cosmetics to the skin.

Such rashes themselves can be easily eliminated with skin care. But if you ignore them, serious dermatological pathologies develop.

Atypical rashes

Sometimes the rash is caused by atypical diseases. In women, pimples or small spots on the chest often appear when:

• anaphylactic shock;
• malignant neoplasm of the nipple;
• breast cancer.

It is imperative to pay attention to rashes, as they can be a signal of serious illness.

In this case, self-medication can not only be dangerous, but also lead to negative consequences. Therefore, it is imperative to consult a dermatologist.

The doctor will help determine the nature and causes of the rash. Depending on the type of rash, appropriate treatment will be selected.

There is no universal option for getting rid of rashes. After all, cosmetics and medications can only eliminate visible changes. But rashes can recur if the source of the disorder remains in the body or affects it.

Often, along with bronchospasms, symptoms arise that seem to have nothing to do with them. One of these strange manifestations is considered to be a skin rash; a cough that torments a person still turns out to be associated with it. Sometimes there is also a temperature. What is the reason for the occurrence of such a symptom complex?

Dry cough and rash as signs of an allergic reaction

When the immune system is weakened, malfunctions may occur in the body. Protective functions begin to turn on upon contact with substances that essentially do not pose any danger to him:

• Plant pollen.
• Some products.
• Dust.
• Animal fur.

As a result of an inadequate reaction, people (especially children) may develop a dry cough and a rash at the same time. Symptoms often include a runny nose.

Without tests, it is extremely difficult to identify the cause of hypersensitivity of the immune system. However, it is possible to analyze what exactly such manifestations arose after contact. Remove the possible irritant from your daily routine or diet for a while.

If a dry cough and rash on the body are caused by an allergen, the interaction with which has been eliminated, then they should reduce their intensity. However, sometimes the reason for the negative reaction of the body was so strong that just eliminating the irritant is not enough, and the symptoms continue, and in addition, the back begins to itch due to the rash. In this case, doctors prescribe antihistamines.

Wet cough, fever, rash, as symptoms of allergic bronchitis

Unpleasant manifestations can be caused by chronic disease of the lower respiratory tract. Although the main sign of allergic bronchitis is sharp, spasmodic exhalations, very often its clinical picture includes a productive cough, runny nose, fever, and rash at the same time.

The reason for this is the multifaceted features of the course of the disease. One of the options for the clinical picture of the disease is the following:

• After exposure to a provocateur, a person with allergic bronchitis begins to experience reflex spasms of the respiratory tract. Most often they occur at night, but they can haunt you during the day.
• At the same time, nasal congestion, snot, and skin pathologies appear.
• Low-grade fever (up to 37.9 degrees) is observed.

The parallel appearance of bronchospasms and skin rashes is explained by the fact that very often (especially in children) allergic bronchitis occurs against the background of:

• Neurodermatitis.
• Epidermal diathesis.
• Pollinosis.

Thus, a rash, fever, cough, and runny nose begin to appear simultaneously.

As with a regular allergy, to reduce the intensity of symptoms, the cause of their occurrence should be removed. Also, first aid may consist of steam inhalations that soften the respiratory system.

Cough, rash, fever as signs of an infectious process

Measles is considered one of the serious diseases that often causes unpleasant symptoms in children. The symptoms of this disease may resemble the flu. Babies appear:

• Headaches.
• Weakness.
• Runny nose.
• Loss of interest in food.
• Temperature.

A little later, a cough and a red rash are observed. It doesn't cause itching. However, it can cover the entire body in a few days.

A week after the onset of the disease, symptoms begin to decrease in intensity. Rash, runny nose, cough, fever gradually disappear. If no other complications arise, then the disease ends on its own and leaves no trace.

It should be remembered that if symptoms appear for which the cause is unknown, you should definitely visit a doctor. This is especially true for those who have a sick child. A specialist will be able to quickly determine the cause of the disease and help get rid of cough, rash and other unpleasant symptoms.

The child has a fever, rash and cough, what could it be?

Answers:

Natalia

The rash is accompanied by several childhood infections - scarlet fever, measles, rubella, chickenpox... In addition, the rash can also be allergic. You can't make a diagnosis in absentia. There may be a paramedic in the village. What to do if there is no one? Look at the condition - bring down the high temperature (with medicines that you have on hand or vodka-vinegar rubdowns), treat the cough with home remedies, but if the temperature persists for several days, you still cannot do without a doctor.

Scarlet fever or measles. Call a doctor. And as quickly as possible.

Hrushka

Parents are idiots! You shouldn’t sit on the Internet, but call a doctor! A rash is not a very good sign. Call an ambulance!

Evgenia Shugaeva

Didn’t they call Ukraine?)

polinka =)

Possibly Chickenpox, rubella ASK YOUR DOCTOR! this can be dangerous! dangerous!

Oksana M

Maybe you need to go see a doctor, huh?

IRISHKA))))))))))

It could be anything from an allergy to a childhood infection. You should probably ask your doctor a question. Call an ambulance.

Lenochka

the rash may be from antipyretic drugs, it’s better to bring down the temperature (tsifekon) suppositories are like this, they bring down the temperature and there will be no vomiting with a rash, and there will be a cough because the throat hurts and everything is sore

Inca

Urgent doctor at home! and not engage in fortune telling..

Alexander Evdonin

most likely chickenpox. urgently, and to bring down the temperature, wipe it off (if possible)
alcohol (temperature drops but be careful with skin type))

The most common causes of rash on a child’s body, on the arms, face, legs, back, neck, abdomen

Any mother, seeing suspicious rashes on her baby’s skin, begins to look for their cause. Some almost always urgently call a doctor, after feeding the child unnecessary medications. Other parents try not to pay attention to the rash, especially if the child feels well. But both of them are doing the wrong thing. You just need to know the main types of rashes to make the right decision.

What a rash might look like - basic elements

• A spot is a limited area of ​​skin of discolored color (red, white, etc.). It does not protrude above the skin and cannot be felt.
• A papule is a tubercle up to 0.5 cm in diameter that does not have a cavity inside. The element protrudes above the skin and can be felt.
• A plaque is a formation with a large area, raised above the skin and having a flattened shape. Large plaques with a distinct skin pattern are called lichenification
• Vesicles and bubbles are formations with liquid inside. Vary in size (a vesicle larger than 0.5 cm is called a vesicle)
• Pustule - a limited cavity with pus inside

Diseases accompanied by rash

Rash in newborns

Erythema toxicosis lesions affect half of all full-term newborns. The main elements are white-yellow papules or pustules with a diameter of 1-2 mm, surrounded by a red rim. In some cases, only red spots appear, from a few to almost complete damage to the skin (except for the palms and soles). The maximum rash appears on the 2nd day of life, then the rash gradually disappears. The exact causes of erythema toxicum are unknown; the rash goes away on its own.

A condition that 20% of all babies go through by the age of three weeks. A rash in the form of inflamed papules and pustules appears on the face, less often on the scalp and neck. The cause of the rash is the activation of the sebaceous glands by maternal hormones. Most often, acne in newborns does not require treatment; careful hygiene and moisturizing with emollients are necessary. Unlike juvenile acne, newborn acne does not leave behind spots or scars and takes up to 6 months to resolve.

Frequent rashes in newborns, especially in the warm season (see treatment of prickly heat in children). It is associated with difficult release of the contents of the sweat glands and increased skin moisture during wrapping. Typical places of occurrence are the head, face and diaper rash areas. Blisters, spots and pustules rarely become inflamed, do not cause discomfort and go away with good care.

A synonym for this disease is atopic eczema or neurodermatitis. Every 10 children suffer from this disease, but not everyone develops the typical triad of symptoms. The triad includes allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and eczema itself.

The first signs of the disease appear in the first year of life and most often the rash appears on the face, cheeks, and extensor surfaces of the arms and legs. The child is bothered by unbearable itching, which intensifies at night and with temperature and chemical effects on the skin. In the acute stage, the rash looks like red papules with scratches and liquid discharge.

In the subacute period, peeling of the skin and sometimes thickening are characteristic. This is due to constant scratching of the affected areas.

Most children recover from this disease without consequences.
Only with a hereditary predisposition can the disease become chronic with the addition of asthma and allergic rhinitis (see treatment of atopic dermatitis in children).

To reduce skin rashes and itching, it is recommended to reduce bathing time, contact with hard tissues, and treat the skin with emollients (creams with a moisturizing effect) as often as possible. In severe cases, especially if the skin itches unbearably, ointments with a hormonal component are used (see list of hormonal ointments).

Allergic rash

If there is an individual intolerance to drugs and foods, the child may develop allergic rashes. They have different shapes and sizes, the rash can be located all over the body, on the arms, legs, back, and stomach. The main distinguishing feature of an allergic rash is that it intensifies when exposed to an allergen and disappears after the latter is discontinued. Usually severe itching is the only unpleasant effect of such rashes.

• Quincke's edema - in rare cases, a severe reaction of the body to an allergen may occur, most often it occurs to medications or products (see more details on Quincke's edema). In this case, the rash lasts for quite a long time, and swelling forms on the body, leading to the inability to breathe due to the blockage of the larynx. If there is a family predisposition to allergies, it is necessary to exclude intolerant foods and medications.
• Urticaria - can also occur due to foods, medications and under the influence of temperature factors (cold allergy, sun allergy), sometimes the cause of urticaria is never found (see symptoms of urticaria for more details).

Very often, marks from insect bites terrify parents and force them to look for infectious causes of such rashes. If any skin rashes appear, you need to analyze where and how long the child spent time. Perhaps a weekend in the village with your grandmother was accompanied by a trip to the forest and a massive attack of midges, so most often bite marks appear on open areas of the skin - in the form of a rash on the arms, legs, face, and neck.

Typical bite marks are caused by the following processes:

• reaction to toxins
• mechanical trauma to the skin
• infection in the wound when scratching
• sometimes – infectious diseases transmitted through bites

Symptoms of bites:

Mosquitoes	Bedbugs
First - a red blister Then - a dense papule that remains for several hours or days Sometimes - a blister or widespread redness with swelling	Itchy papules arranged in a linear pattern Usually occur at night There is a small bruise in the center of the rash
Bees and wasps	Scabies mites
Pain, redness and swelling at the site of the bite Bees leave a sting Sometimes a bubble forms With an allergic tendency, urticaria and Quincke's edema are possible	Severe itching that gets worse at night Red papules and tracts Location in the interdigital spaces, on the genitals, between the mammary glands, on the flexor surfaces

A rash in a child that requires immediate medical attention

• Accompanied by fever above 40 degrees
• Covers the entire body, causing unbearable itching
• Associated with vomiting, headache and confusion
• Looks like stellate hemorrhages
• Accompanied by swelling and difficulty breathing

What not to do if your child has rashes

• Squeeze out pustules
• Popping bubbles
• Allow rashes to be scratched
• Lubricate with brightly colored preparations (so as not to complicate the diagnosis)

A rash on a child’s body is an important symptom of many diseases. Some of them do not even require treatment and go away on their own, while some threaten the health and life of the little person. Therefore, if you have any suspicious symptoms, you should consult your doctor and not self-medicate.

Rash caused by infection

The most common cause of a rash on a child's body is a viral or bacterial infection. In turn, among them there are 6 main diseases.

The disease is caused by parvovirus B19, which is common in all countries of the world. The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets; contact transmission is possible in close children's groups. Symptoms of erythema infectiosum:

The rash forms on the extensor surfaces; the hands and feet are usually not affected. The fading of spots occurs gradually, over 1-3 weeks. The rash is usually an immune-related post-infectious complication, so children with patches of erythema are not contagious and do not need to be isolated.

Herpes virus type 6 causes a typical childhood disease - sudden exanthema (roseola). The peak incidence occurs between 10 months and 2 years of age, and contacts with sick children are rarely identified. Transmission usually occurs from adults through airborne transmission. Symptoms:

Roseola is a very specific disease, but it often goes unrecognized by pediatricians. Since teeth are actively cutting at the age of 1 year, fever is attributed to this condition. It must be remembered that teething never causes a temperature above 38 degrees. With this heat there is always another reason!

Chicken pox

Chickenpox (chickenpox) is a primary infection with the varicella zoster virus, similar in structure to the herpes simplex virus. Most children become infected before the age of 15. Transmission of the disease occurs through the air or by contact (the virus is present in the discharge from the rash). Symptoms:

In most children who have recovered from the disease, the chickenpox virus goes into a latent form, becoming firmly entrenched in the nerve cells. Subsequently, a second wave of the disease may occur in the form of herpes zoster (Fig. 2.), when blisters form along the nerve trunk, most often on the lower back.

Complications of the disease occur rarely, mainly in weakened children with primary immunodeficiency and AIDS. With congenital chickenpox, there is a risk of disability and death of the newborn. In 2015, in Russia, the chickenpox vaccine should be included in the national vaccination calendar.

Meningococcal infection

Meningococcus is a bacterium that is normally found in the nasopharynx of 5-10% of people without causing serious problems. But under certain conditions, this microbe can cause life-threatening conditions, especially in young children. Meningococcus is transmitted by air, settling in the nasal cavity. With viral infections or a decrease in quality of life, carriage can develop into active disease. If meningococci are detected in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, urgent treatment with antibiotics is required in an intensive care unit.

Once in the blood, the bacterium can cause:

• sepsis (blood poisoning)
• meningitis
• combination of these conditions

Sepsis - the disease begins with an increase in temperature to 41 degrees, uncontrollable vomiting. During the first 24 hours, a characteristic petechial rash (small bruises that grow and take on a star-shaped shape) appears against the background of pale gray skin.

The rashes are located on the limbs, torso, can rise above the skin, often ulcerate and form scars. At the same time, purulent foci may appear in the organs (heart, pericardium, pleural cavity). In young children, sepsis often occurs at lightning speed with the development of shock and death.

Meningitis is a more common manifestation of infection. Patients complain of photophobia, headache, disturbances of consciousness, and tension in the neck muscles. With isolated meningitis, there is no characteristic rash.

Measles

Measles is a previously common viral disease that now occurs in short outbreaks in certain regions. In recent years, the virus has reared its head again due to massive anti-vaccination agitation. Most people are highly susceptible to the measles virus, so if one child in a group of children gets sick, then 90% of the remaining unvaccinated children are at risk of becoming infected.

The disease occurs in three stages:

• Incubation (hidden), which lasts 10-12 days. By day 9, a sick child is contagious.
• Prodromal (general malaise), lasting 3-5 days. It begins acutely and progresses with fever, dry cough, runny nose, and red eyes. On the 2nd day, Filatov-Koplik spots appear on the mucous membrane of the cheeks: whitish-gray dots with a red rim, disappearing within 12-18 hours.
• Rash period. In parallel with the rise in temperature to 40 degrees, maculopapular spots appear behind the ears and along the hairline. Within a day, the rash covers the face and goes down to the upper chest. After 2-3 days it reaches the feet, and the face turns pale. This staged pattern of rashes (day 1 – face, day 2 – torso, day 3 – limbs) is characteristic of measles. All this is accompanied by mild itching, sometimes small bruises appear at the site of the rash. After the spots disappear, peeling and a brownish mark may remain, which disappears within 7-10 days.

Complications (usually occur in unvaccinated children):

• otitis media
• pneumonia
• encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

The diagnosis is usually made by characteristic symptoms, and sometimes blood is taken to determine immunoglobulins. Treatment directly against the virus has not been developed, so you just need to alleviate the child’s condition with antipyretics. There is evidence that taking vitamin A by children with measles significantly mitigates the course of the infection. Vaccination of children can reduce the incidence of the disease and the risk of severe complications. It must be remembered that 6-10 days after the vaccine is administered, milder signs of the disease may appear (low fever, a small rash on the child’s body), which pass quickly and do not pose a health hazard.

Rubella

An acute viral infection that affects mainly 5-15 years of age. Rubella symptoms:

• The latent period is from 2 to 3 weeks. At this stage there are no symptoms, but the child may already be contagious.
• Prodromal period. There is a slight malaise, a slight rise in temperature, very often this stage goes unnoticed. The occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes are noticeably enlarged.
• Rash period. A pale pink rash appears on the face, quickly spreads downwards and disappears just as quickly, usually after 3 days. May be accompanied by mild itching. Peeling usually does not remain.

Rubella often occurs without a rash at all, so it is difficult to distinguish it from other infections. The virus is dangerous mainly for expectant mothers. When infected before the 11th week of pregnancy, most children have congenital malformations. After 16 weeks, the risk of abnormalities is low, but there is a possibility of congenital rubella with damage to the brain, skin, eyes, and hearing loss - hearing loss. Therefore, when planning pregnancy, all women need to find out the level of antibodies to rubella in order to vaccinate if they are absent.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is a disease caused by group A streptococci. This means that the source of infection is not only patients or carriers of scarlet fever, but also people with any pathology caused by these bacteria (sore throat, for example). Scarlet fever is transmitted by airborne droplets. Symptoms:

• The latent period is 2-7 days.
• The prodromal period begins with a rise in temperature, acute sore throat, and malaise.
• On the 1st or 2nd day of illness, a rash appears that does not affect the nasolabial triangle. The appearance of a child with scarlet fever is characteristic: shiny eyes, glowing cheeks, pale nasolabial triangle. On the body, the rashes are more intense in the folds. After 3-7 days, all rashes disappear, leaving behind peeling. Another feature of the disease is the “raspberry” tongue - bright, with pronounced papillae.

Infectious mononucleosis

The Epstein-Barr virus, which causes infectious mononucleosis in children, belongs to a large group of herpes viruses. The disease most often affects children and young people, and often occurs without a rash or other characteristic symptoms. The degree of contagiousness of patients with mononucleosis is low, so outbreaks do not occur in children's groups. Symptoms:

• The main symptom of the disease is enlargement of the lymph nodes, especially the posterior cervical ones, while the liver and spleen are enlarged.
• From the 3rd day of illness, tonsillitis with a white coating on the tonsils and a rise in temperature may appear.
• On days 5-6, a rash appears infrequently, varying in shape and size, disappearing without a trace. If a patient with mononucleosis is prescribed ampicillin, the likelihood of a rash increases.
• A characteristic sign will appear in a blood test: atypical mononuclear cells; in addition, antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus can be detected.

Differential diagnosis of rash of infectious origin

	Hidden period	Symptoms	Rash			Period of infectiousness and vaccination
			View	Time and order of appearance	Traces
Measles	10-12days	significant increase in temperature dry cough-conjunctivitis and photophobia rash due to high fever	Large maculopapular, bright, may merge	After 3-5 days of illness - behind the ears, along the hair. Then it goes down to the feet (in three days)	Bruising and peeling	4 days before the first rash and up to 5 days after its disappearance. Vaccination - at 1 year, 6 years
Rubella	2-3 weeks	slight increase in temperature malaise - sometimes arthritis	Finely spotted, pale pink	On the first day of illness on the face, after 24-48 hours - throughout the body, disappears after 3 days.	Disappears without a trace	Contagiousness during the period of rash, a few days before and after it. Vaccination -12 months, 6 years
Scarlet fever	2-7 days	intoxication, fever-sore throat enlarged lymph nodes bright language	Fine-dot (1-2 mm), bright	Simultaneous rash, intense rash in the folds of the body. Pale nasolabial triangle.	Leaves peeling	contagiousness 10 days from the onset of symptoms, with streptococcus carriage - constant contagiousness
Infectious mononucleosis	Unknown	enlarged lymph nodes enlarged liver and spleen	Diverse in shape and size, does not always occur	On the 5-6th day of illness, sometimes later. More intense on the face, but also present on the body	Disappears without a trace	The virus is low infectivity and is transmitted more often through sharing utensils and kissing
Erythema infectiosum	4-28 days	malaise sometimes arthritis	Red spots	Red spots from the face spread to the entire body, especially to the extensor surfaces. Before disappearing, they take on the appearance of a ring with a white center.	Disappear for a long time, can reappear within 3 weeks under unfavorable conditions	Children are usually not contagious once the rash appears.
5-15 days	sudden rise in temperature disappearance of fever after 3 days sometimes – sore throat	Fine spotted	The spots appear after the temperature on the body normalizes.	Disappears within a few hours or days without a trace	Infection most often occurs from adults who are carriers of herpes virus type 6
Chicken pox	10-21 days	malaise headache and stomach pain (sometimes) fever up to 38 degrees	Spots, papules, blisters and crusts.	The beginning is on the scalp, face, torso. Then it spreads to the whole body. Different elements of the rash are present simultaneously.	there are no traces, but if scratching causes an infection - scars may remain	48 hours before the rash appears and before crusts form on all elements (up to 2 weeks). It is planned to be included in the vaccination calendar in 2015.
Meningococcal sepsis	-	sharp deterioration in condition fever headache pain and vomiting confusion	From small bruises to extensive hemorrhages	More often - the lower limbs and torso.	Extensive hemorrhages can develop into ulcers and scars.	Throughout the illness

All parents have experienced skin rashes in their baby at least once. How serious are such conditions and what should you do when they appear? The need to take therapeutic measures will depend on whether the child's rash is found all over the body or is localized in one area, and what additional symptoms accompany it.

Types of skin rashes in children

Based on the form in which the rash appears on a child’s body, they distinguish:

• spots - areas of skin that differ from the surrounding skin in color, for example, red, pink or pale and colorless;
• vesicles - small bubbles with serous fluid;
• blisters - develop on the skin due to acute inflammation, for example, with hives;
• bubbles – formations with a large cavity;
• ulcers, or pustules - pimples on the skin containing pus;
• papules - nodules on the surface of the skin without internal cavities;
• tubercles on the skin - formations without a cavity of red-yellow, bluish tints.

In every case of a rash, the child should be shown to a doctor. So, only an experienced specialist will be able to accurately determine whether a red rash on a child’s body is a symptom of rubella, erythema or an allergic reaction. Parents should not immediately start self-medicating their baby, because the fight for clear skin will only be effective when the pathogen that caused the irritation is identified.

Causes of rash on the body

The variety of reasons why skin rashes occur in children can be divided into the following groups:

• manifestation of an infectious disease that is caused by:
  • viral pathogen - measles, rubella, chickenpox, mononucleosis;
  • bacteria - scarlet fever;
• an allergic reaction that developed due to food, hygiene products, or contact dermatitis;
• reaction to insect bites and mechanical damage to the skin;
• a rash in the form of small hemorrhages, reflecting problems with blood clotting, for example, with meningococcal meningitis.

Allergy rash

The modern world is literally filled with factors that can greatly irritate children's delicate skin. A rash all over a child’s body, like an allergic reaction, is a common occurrence, and it can manifest itself in different ways: spots, pimples, small blisters. As for localization throughout the body, foci of irritation can appear in a variety of areas of the skin. So, often with a food allergy, a rash is observed on the child’s back and stomach, and in case of a reaction due to the material of clothing, the rash can cover the baby’s arms, shoulders, legs and even feet.

Why, even in cases where a mother has no doubt that her baby got sprinkled because of food, should she consult a doctor? You need to understand that an allergic rash in a child is only an external expression of the body’s reaction to the pathogen. At the same time, with severe allergies, malfunctions in the functioning of internal organs may occur and even Quincke's edema may develop. A doctor's examination of irritated skin will help prevent possible negative consequences, and prescribed medications will help relieve itching and irritation. The doctor will also rule out the development of an infectious disease in the baby.

After an insect bite

A rash in children when they are out of town in the summer, and even after a regular walk in the park, is a very common occurrence. Bites from mosquitoes, midges or ants often leave marks that are very itchy and can be visible on the skin for several days. In most cases, such irritations can be prevented by using mosquito nets, fumigators, and protective aerosols.

A bee, wasp or hornet sting will cause much more trouble for a child. These insects pierce the skin with a sting and inject poison into the body, which causes severe pain, swelling, and swelling. Such bites are also dangerous because if a child develops an allergy after the bite, the rash can quickly spread throughout the body, causing severe itching and pain. At the same time, breathing problems, fainting, and even anaphylactic shock are possible. For these reasons, in case of a bite, it is necessary to examine it, remove the sting, give the child an antihistamine and monitor his condition.

Childhood illnesses with skin rashes

Diseases that manifest themselves in this way can be very different in nature. Some go away on their own, even without any treatment, without particularly changing the baby’s well-being, while others are dangerous due to their complications and serious consequences, including death. Read the information about what diseases a rash on a child’s body may indicate.

Disease	Symptoms
Chicken pox	Many chickenpox blisters appear throughout the body. They itch a lot and become crusty after a while.
	The rash appears along with fever and cold symptoms. The rashes from the face spread throughout the body, and after 5 days they begin to peel off and disappear.
Rubella	For several days the child has a fever, cough, and sore throat. Then a pinpoint rash appears behind the ears, on the face, and then throughout the body. The number of red dots begins to decrease after 3 days.
Scarlet fever	The disease begins with fever, redness and sore throat. Then red spots appear on the child’s body. They are often located in places where the body naturally bends: in the groin, armpits, elbows and knees. A pinpoint rash also appears on the face, with the exception of the nasolabial triangle.
	With this disease, pink spots appear first on the face, and then on the arms and legs, which grow and merge into one spot. The rash goes away within 10 days.
	The infection occurs with a very high temperature, and a red rash spreads over the body slightly above the skin level.
	Small blisters with liquid appear on the lips and the skin around them, which gradually becomes cloudy, then the rash dries out.
Meningitis	There is a purple, star-shaped subcutaneous rash that does not go away with pressure. This is how bleeding from small vessels occurs that occurs with this disease. The baby's neck muscles tense, the temperature rises, drowsiness and photophobia appear. If you see at least one of these signs, you need to urgently take the child to the hospital. With meningitis, children who do not receive timely medical care may die within 24 hours.

Rash on a baby

In the first weeks after birth, the baby’s body undergoes active hormonal changes, and evidence of this can often be seen on its skin. Thus, many parents are forced to consult a doctor by a rash on the body of a newborn, which is called miliaria. This is a common occurrence in infants. At high temperatures, their sweat glands actively secrete sweat, and a small reddish rash appears in places of natural folds of the skin (in the groin, under the arms), often on the face and buttocks. The skin feels moist when touched.

The sweat rash is not a dangerous illness and goes away over time, but we must remember that exposure to factors such as prolonged exposure to too hot clothes or a wet diaper can cause diaper rash in a baby. When caring for a newborn, a mother needs to be very attentive and notice changes in rashes. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that very young children can often develop allergies to food, hygiene products, and clothing materials. At an age when their immunity is developing, it is especially important to protect children from external irritants.

What to do if your child has a rash

If the baby's body is covered with a rash, you must immediately assess whether he has signs of an infectious infection, for example, high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat. Next, it is determined whether the rash is all over the child’s body or localized to certain areas of the skin, and what it looks like: in the form of spots, blisters with liquid, purulent formations, etc.

Such an examination will help you understand how urgently you need to show your baby to the doctor. Even if you are sure that the skin rash is an allergy after eating something, still consult a specialist. The doctor, having compared all the existing signs and symptoms, will dispel your fears or begin to treat the disease in a timely manner. If an infection is suspected, it is better to call a doctor at home, and, if possible, isolate the sick child in a separate room. Before the doctor arrives, it is advisable not to treat irritations with medications, so as not to complicate the diagnosis.

Video: skin rashes in children

Rash in a child on the legs and arms without fever, with fever, itches, does not itch

Children are the most beloved, defenseless people. The health of the baby sometimes depends on adults. They need our attention first. Children's skin is still imperfect and very susceptible to various infections. Thus, the appearance of a rash on the arms and legs may be an innocent manifestation, or it may be a signal of a dangerous disease. Below we will consider why a rash may appear in a child and how to act in this situation.

Rash - what is it?

What is this phenomenon? A rash is a pathological change in the skin and mucous membranes that differs from normal skin in appearance, structure, and color. It can be primary or secondary, that is, appear at the site of previous rashes. The combination of primary and secondary elements determines the picture of the rash in the disease. This may be a reaction to some allergen, or it may turn out that the rash is a sign of some disease.

Species

It turns out that rashes come in different natures and types. Primary and secondary rashes are distinguished. This is what a rash happens on a child’s legs and arms:

• The tubercles do not have a cavity, are located deep in the dermis, up to 1 cm in diameter. At the same time, the color and texture of the skin is different. They can leave scars and develop into ulcers.
• Blisters are without a cavity, have blurry outlines and are pink in color. Appear due to swelling of the papillary dermis. They pass without a trace, they itch.
• Papules or nodules - do not have a cavity. They may or may not be inflamed and their color has changed. They pass without leaving traces.

• Bubbles - have a bottom, a tire, a cavity. Once they are opened, erosion can occur.
• Pustules or pustules have pus inside. May be superficial or deep.
• Roseola appears as irregularly shaped pink spots. When the skin is stretched, the stain disappears.

If the rash appears again, then the following may form:

• Scarring.
• Abrasions.
• Cracks.
• Scales.
• Erosion.
• Ulcers.

Diagnostics

If a rash appears on your child’s legs and arms, you should urgently seek help from a pediatrician and dermatologist. First, the doctor should carefully examine:

• Form.
• Color.
• Quantity.
• The nature of the rash.
• The location of the rash is also important.

• Presence or absence of fever.
• What infectious diseases have you suffered?
• What hereditary diseases are there?
• Tendency to allergies.
• Photosensitivity.

As a rule, a rash is not the underlying disease, but is a symptom of some disease. It is a sign that a malfunction has occurred in the body. To determine the cause of this manifestation, the doctor prescribes tests. First of all, a blood and urine test. It is also possible to analyze the secretion of ulcers. After examination and analysis, the doctor prescribes treatment. What could be the reasons why a child has a rash on his legs and arms?

Sources of the problem

For a child’s body, a rash is a very important symptom of certain diseases, so consulting a doctor is important. The reasons for this may be the following:

If the rash accompanies an infectious disease, the body temperature will certainly increase. There are other signs, these could be:

• Cough.
• Rhinitis.
• Sore throat.

Let's look at some diseases that are accompanied, in addition to a rash, also by fever.

Rash with fever

When an infection enters the body, its first reaction is fever. Skin rashes can appear with or without fever. There are several infectious diseases, the symptom of which is a rash.

This group includes:

• Chicken pox.
• Rubella.
• Scarlet fever.
• Measles.
• Enterovirus infection.
• Meningococcemia.

Each disease has its own characteristics of the spread of rashes.

This is especially true for childhood diseases. Let's look at which of them cause a rash on the child's legs and arms, as well as on the body and face.

Chickenpox

This disease occurs most often in children. There are no vaccinations for it. The first sign of this disease is the appearance of red spots, which very quickly turn into blisters. In addition to blisters on the face, head, and body, the child also has a rash on the legs and arms. The temperature is elevated, and the baby may experience weakness and headache for some time.

If the blister is torn off, scars remain. The main problem of this disease is that the rash on the child’s arms and legs itches, and there is a risk of infection. The doctor may prescribe medications to relieve itching.

Rubella

This disease occurs with elevated temperature. In older children, joint pain and general intoxication are possible. Rashes appear on the 1st day or on the second day. First - on the face, neck, torso, then a small rash spreads on the child’s arms and legs, mainly on the folds. The younger the child, the milder this disease occurs.

However, in adolescents, complications such as encephalitis and meningoencephalitis are possible. This disease is especially dangerous for pregnant women; fetal developmental defects are possible. Vaccination is also prohibited for immunocompromised patients. However, rubella is milder than scarlet fever.

Measles

A dangerous infectious disease that is easily transmitted through the air with minor contact with a carrier of the infection.

There is a vaccine against measles. This disease is accompanied by intoxication of the body. There are symptoms characteristic of a cold - coughing, watery eyes, sneezing. The temperature rises to high values. The rash begins from the mucous membrane of the cheeks, then moves to the face, the entire torso, and limbs (in the form of papules rising above the skin). Dangerous complications on the bronchi, can cause pneumonia.

Scarlet fever

This is an infectious disease transmitted by airborne droplets, through dirty hands and objects. It starts with a sore throat and chills. Then a small rash appears on the child’s arms and legs with fever. Most often in the bends of the arms and legs. The rash then spreads to the face, neck, and torso. The source of the rash is streptococcus. The throat begins to hurt, which is very similar to a viral infection. The main thing for definition is language. It will be raspberry in color.

As soon as the temperature begins to decrease, lamellar peeling of the skin of the hands and feet begins. With this disease, it is very important to maintain bed rest and drink fluids. Antibiotics are required for treatment. Complications to the heart and kidneys are possible.

Enterovirus infection

Preschool children are susceptible to these diseases. A rash appears on the child’s legs and arms without fever. As a rule, it does not itch.

The child may be healthy or there may be a slight increase in temperature within one or two days. This occurs due to imperfections and sensitivity of children's skin.

Meningococcemia

This is a very dangerous disease. The temperature rises to high levels in a short period of time. A rash appears on the child’s legs and arms (it does not itch) in the form of irregularly shaped hemorrhage, and is also present on the buttocks. If such rashes are detected, you should urgently call a doctor and admit the child to intensive care.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis

This disease is characterized by a rash on the child’s arms and legs with fever, mainly in the area of ​​the folds. At first, small blisters or lumps appear, then the rash turns red, acquires the color of rust, and disappears completely. It is believed that the disease can be caused by allergies, trauma, or be a consequence of acute infectious diseases such as tonsillitis, pharyngitis. Accompanied by fever and joint pain. With the lightning-fast course of this disease, death is possible. It is necessary to pay careful attention to treatment.

Non-infectious rash with itching

There are a number of diseases in which the rashes are very itchy. For example, with scabies, a rash appears on a child’s legs and arms without fever, most often on the folds between the fingers. As a rule, it itches a lot, especially at night. Also, with helminthiasis, the rashes itch.

The presence of fungus on the skin of children is one of the causes of rashes in the form of blisters, erosions, and red spots. The localization of the fungus is usually on the legs, palms, feet, and wrists. The rash spreads especially quickly on moist areas of the skin. Can be easily transmitted through contact with a contaminated object. Infections occur especially often in places where there is a damp environment (shower, bathroom). The disease is accompanied by severe itching without fever.

Small rash without itching

If a small rash appears on the child’s arms and legs and does not itch, pseudotuberculosis may be at the initial stage of development. This disease is transmitted by rodents - after contact with things to which they had access. This disease appears very rarely in children, but it still exists.

If a child was born with congenital syphilis or was infected in utero, the rash may appear from time to time without bothering him. These are papules with a pustular core. Such rashes are not accompanied by itching and fever.

Also, a small rash can be the result of a hereditary infectious disease such as psoriasis. In children under 2 years of age it is rare, but at an older age the risk of development, due to heredity, is quite possible. It begins with a small rash in the form of dry plaques of round and oval shape, red-pink in color, with noticeable peeling on top. It spreads over large areas of the skin, in the area of ​​the knees, elbows, and head - this is a characteristic sign of psoriasis. This rash does not itch. In infants it can appear and go away, and in adulthood it can return again.

Allergic reaction

With allergic dermatitis, in addition to rashes on the face and torso, the child may have a rash on the legs and arms. The photos clearly demonstrate the manifestation of an allergic reaction. Rashes can be present either on a small area of ​​skin or on a large one. As a rule, accompanying symptoms are peeling and severe itching. The body temperature remains within normal limits, and no intoxication of the body occurs. This reaction is possible to food, household chemicals, and medications.

If a child has allergies, you need to be extremely careful with allergens and exclude them from the diet if possible, as there is a risk of angioedema. Respiratory arrest and laryngeal swelling are possible.

Hives - a small rash - can be a reaction to temperature factors, cold, or sun.

What not to do if a rash is detected in a child

First of all, it is strictly prohibited in situations where you see rashes on your baby’s body:

• Squeeze out pustules.
• Pop bubbles.
• Treat with brilliant green or other means until examined by a doctor.
• Self-medicate.

If the rash on your child's arms and legs itches, do not let him scratch it.

If a rash is detected, you should limit contact with others, as the disease may be contagious.

As we saw earlier, a rash can be an important symptom or result of a disease. An examination by a doctor is required to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment to eliminate possible complications.

Therapy

Treatment of rashes is, first of all, elimination of the disease that caused them. For infectious diseases, it is recommended to adhere to bed rest, take antipyretics, antihistamines, and treat rashes. If necessary, antibiotics are prescribed (to avoid the development of side effects).

Allergy sufferers should definitely see an allergist. It is necessary to exclude allergens from your diet. You should also follow your doctor’s instructions and take antihistamines or glucocorticosteroids. In case of fungal diseases or scabies, observation by a dermatologist is necessary.

Rash prevention

The skin in childhood is not yet adapted to the manifestations of the external environment, so it requires special attention and care. First of all, it is necessary to observe the rules of hygiene.

Parents should ensure that all necessary vaccinations against dangerous diseases are received.

If your baby suffers from allergies, be sure to see an allergist. Proper treatment and observation will help the child outgrow this difficult period. Eliminate allergens from your baby's diet.

Strengthen your child’s immunity so that he can fight diseases easily and without consequences.

Do not leave a rash, even a minor one, unattended.

The child has a rash and fever

Different types of rashes can be a manifestation of viral and bacterial infections in a child. Rashes with an infectious nature are in second place after allergic ones in terms of prevalence.

Signs of an infectious process include the rash itself, diarrhea, fever in the child, as well as a cough and runny nose. The child may feel general weakness, refuse to eat, and complain of abdominal pain. If your child has a rash accompanied by at least one of these symptoms, then you should definitely show him to your pediatrician.

Viral rash

If the rash is caused by measles, chickenpox, erythema infectiosum or rubella, then parents can independently determine its cause. But with a nonspecific small rash and fever, this is difficult to do. Typically, a viral rash with fever appears first on the face and torso, and then spreads to the legs and arms. Another common infection is roseola infantum. It manifests itself as a high fever that lasts up to eight days. Then the child’s high fever gives way to a rash in the form of flat pink spots. They appear on the back, stomach and chest, and then on the legs and arms.

Roseola in infants does not require specific treatment. If the temperature is too high, it is enough to give the baby an antipyretic.

Bacterial rash

Among the bacterial infections that cause a rash after a high fever in a child, the most common are impetigo and scarlet fever. With scarlet fever, the rash is small and red. It usually appears on the cheeks, arms and legs, but almost never on the skin between the upper lip and nose. Scarlet fever is contagious, so a sick child should be treated as soon as possible isolate faster. Treatment is with antibiotics.

With impetigo, the rash affects the skin around the nose and mouth. The rash appears as red, raised bumps with pus and a yellowish crust on top. This contagious disease is treated under the supervision of a doctor with creams containing an antibiotic.

In order to exclude or correctly diagnose the disease that caused the rash in a small child, do not ignore a visit to the pediatrician. The disease can not only be contagious, but also cause a number of serious complications.

And finally, do not allow your baby to scratch his skin. Even ordinary chickenpox can cause scars and pockmarks on the face and body. And no one needs complexes about appearance.

A common reaction of the immune system to external irritants is an allergic cough, which is often accompanied by difficulty breathing, runny and itchy nose, watery eyes and skin rashes. The external manifestations of allergies can easily be confused with the symptoms of colds, but the mechanism of their development is very different, which means that the therapeutic means of treatment will be different. How to treat an allergic cough, we’ll look into it further.

The mechanism of cough due to allergies

The allergen, whatever it may be, “settles” in the throat, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, causing their irritation. Just as a skin rash causes itching and a desire to scratch, irritated mucous membranes of the respiratory tract provoke a cough - a kind of way to “cleanse” the surface of an irritating allergen.

In children, allergic cough is manifested by rare dry coughs, similar to colds. Adults are more likely to experience debilitating, gut-wrenching bouts of barking cough, which even doctors unfamiliar with the patient and his medical history can mistake for a sore throat or the flu. In both cases, the symptom occurs suddenly, indicating direct recent contact with the allergen.

If you suspect the development of an allergic reaction, carefully analyze the changes that have recently affected your lifestyle in everyday life. The causes of cough can be the following factors:

• moving to a new area with climatic conditions different from usual;
• changing the diet, introducing new products into it;
• the presence of pets nearby,
• use of down and feather pillows, wool or fur products;
• changing the brand of household chemicals, perfumes, decorative and skin care cosmetics;
• taking certain medications;
• carrying out repair work accompanied by a large amount of construction dust (replacing windows, working with a drill, hammer drill, chiselling walls, etc.).

Specific allergens that cause a reaction in the body can be determined using special test tests prescribed by an allergist.

How to distinguish an allergic cough from a cold

Suspicion of an allergy is confirmed if the following symptoms are present:

1. dry cough lasts more than 3 weeks, worsening in the evening or at night;
2. there are no symptoms of colds: fever, body aches, weakness, chills;
3. there is no sputum discharge. Only in some cases is it possible to cough up colorless mucus from the lungs in small quantities;
4. mild attacks of suffocation due to immediate swelling of the mucous membrane of the lungs and bronchi.

Often accompanying coughs with allergies are accompanying symptoms:

• the appearance of skin rashes, reddened areas of the body (dermatitis, eczema, urticaria);
• itching of the skin;
• "flowing" nose;
• watery eyes;
• signs of bronchial asthma (shortness of breath);
• Quincke's edema.

Features of allergic cough in children

The first signs of allergies begin to appear in children from 1.5 years of age.

Moreover, the manifestations of allergic cough in adults are much less dangerous than in children. Parents should be especially wary of seasonal exacerbations of coughing attacks in the spring-summer season - the first signal of the development of bronchial asthma.

To find out which allergens provoke the symptom, you need to seek a diagnosis from an allergist. The doctor will prescribe skin tests, which can be performed using several methods:

• prick test (liquid allergen is applied to the skin, after which the skin is pierced with a special needle to a certain depth);
• scarification method (drops of liquid with allergens are applied to the skin of the forearm, after which small incisions are made with a sterile instrument at the application sites);
• skin test (bandages with liquid allergen are fixed on the skin of the back);
• nasal or conjunctival tests (a safe amount of allergen is injected into the nasal passages or onto the mucous membrane of the eyes).

Treatment

The main step in treating an allergic cough should be to accurately identify and eliminate the allergen. Sometimes this is enough for not only the cough to disappear, but also other accompanying symptoms.

You should ruthlessly get rid of the feather pillow, duvet, indoor plants on the windowsill, and take away your pets (no matter how cruel it may sound, your four-legged pet will have to be given to another family).

Drug therapy

Antihistamines will help alleviate the patient's condition and relieve attacks of allergic cough. To date, four generations of drugs have been developed, the latest of which has a minimum of side effects.

• First generation drugs: Diphenhydramine, Tavegil; Suprastin (have a strong sedative effect, causing drowsiness, headache and lethargy; therefore, they are not recommended for use by persons whose activities require a quick reaction).
• Second generation drugs: Claritin, Cetirizine, Fenistil (they are not addictive, and the effect lasts 24 hours, so it is enough to take the drug once a day. Significantly fewer side effects for the nervous system compared to first generation drugs).
• Third generation drugs: Fexadin, Zodak, Dezal (metabolites that do not have side effects on the nervous and cardiovascular systems).
• Fourth generation drugs: Ebastine, Bamipin. (have the longest effect and do not affect the functioning of the cardiovascular system).

Only a doctor can prescribe a specific medication. He also calculates the dosage and application regimen. You should not violate them, as this will negatively affect the course of the disease and the timing of recovery.

Another effective type of medication for exacerbation of allergies is enterosorbents (Polysorb, Smecta, Polyphepan, Enterosgel, activated carbon, etc.).

The active substances of sorbents absorb and remove toxins from the gastrointestinal tract, promoting general cleansing of the body. A two-week course of treatment is enough to feel the positive effect.

In case of a severe allergic reaction, in addition to drug treatment, blood purification procedures - plasmapheresis and hemodialysis - may be prescribed.

If an allergic cough is a manifestation of bronchial asthma, an attack of coughing and suffocation can be relieved only with the help of inhaled glucocorticoids: Pulmicort, Berodual, Budesonide, etc. The listed drugs are hormonal, so only a doctor should prescribe their use.

Folk recipes

Folk methods and remedies will help you cope with dry allergic cough:

• Rinse your mouth and throat with plain warm water as often as possible to reduce the presence of the allergen on the mucous membranes;
• brew tea with herbs that contain azulene, which has an antiallergic effect (nettle, St. John's wort, eucalyptus, yarrow);
• Eat as many hypoallergenic foods high in calcium as possible.

Prevention of allergic cough

Preventive measures against cough for allergies are measures that prevent its occurrence or exacerbation. Treating a disease is always more difficult than preventing it.

If specific allergens are known, they should be eliminated from life by all available means. For example, it is possible to prevent an exacerbation of hay fever (pollen allergy) by traveling to another area while the problem plants are blooming.

The following measures will also help prevent allergic cough:

• daily wet cleaning of premises;
• exclusion from the diet of foods that can provoke a cough attack (hot, spicy, bitter seasonings, aromatic additives, certain foods);
• clothing, bedding made of synthetic or natural fibers (without down, feathers, wool);
• absence of indoor plants and pets;
• the use of cabinet furniture with closing doors (without open shelves where dust accumulates, especially in bookcases), and soft corners and work chairs with upholstery made of natural or artificial leather, which can be wiped daily;
• the use of hypoallergenic household chemicals on a natural basis (the so-called “children’s series”);
• monitoring the body's reaction to new foods and medications with immediate refusal of them in the event of an allergic cough.

Dry cough due to allergies, what to do?

A dry cough due to allergies is one of the most unpleasant manifestations of an allergic reaction. It is quite difficult to distinguish it from the symptoms of a common cold. This cough continues for several weeks or even months, and regular cough suppressants do not help get rid of it.

This cough occurs due to the entry of an allergen into the body; it can be accompanied by a runny nose, lacrimation and even spasm of the larynx. You can get rid of the clinical manifestations of allergies only by eliminating contact with the substance that caused the allergy, or by suppressing the body’s immune reactions.

What types of cough are there?

A cough is a reflex reaction of the body to any irritation; it serves to cleanse the airways of foreign substances and restore their patency. In other words, coughing is a defensive reaction. In addition, this is a complex process in which various mechanisms are involved. It begins with a short and deep breath, after which the muscles of the larynx begin to reflexively contract, closing the glottis. At the same time, there is an increase in the tone of the bronchial muscles, after which the abdominal muscles contract strongly.

Then the glottis opens instantly, a forced inhalation occurs, that is, the volume of the lungs increases from residual to total capacity. Next, an air flow is formed due to the large difference in pressure in the respiratory tract and the atmosphere in combination with a narrowing of the trachea. The movement of such a flow can reach the speed of sound. Cough is divided into dry and wet, acute and chronic, constant and periodic.

With a dry cough there is no sputum. It is also called unproductive. It often occurs with colds, laryngitis, pharyngitis, ARVI, as well as at the onset of bronchitis and tracheitis. With a wet cough, sputum is discharged. It is called productive. It is often found in bronchitis and pneumonia.

In order for the treatment to be correct, it is necessary to understand what kind of cough is bothering you and what is causing it, because there are cases when the medicine does not help and relief does not come. It can be a symptom of laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, allergic reaction, bronchial asthma, whooping cough, foreign substances entering the respiratory tract, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis and even lung cancer.

Allergy and its signs

Allergy is a fairly common disease that causes a lot of problems and inconvenience for 85% of the world's population. It is a set of symptoms that are caused by the ultra-high sensitivity of the body's immune system to any substance. Substances that cause it are called allergens and are divided into household, epidermal, insect, pollen, food, medicinal, fungal, and helminthic.

The most common types of allergens

In Russia, 15-45% of all allergy patients suffer from household allergens. Among these allergens, dust occupies the leading place. It has a complex composition and consists of fungi, dust particles and domestic insects such as bedbugs and mites. They are its main component. House dust contains about several dozen species of mites. Even several thousand mites can be found in 1 g. Their main habitat is beds and bedding, so 1 g of mattress dust contains 0 mites.

Dust allergies occur throughout the year, worsening in September and October. It can give an immediate reaction that occurs when it is inhaled. This reaction can manifest itself as urticaria, coughing fits, angioedema, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Delayed allergic reactions include dermatitis and eczema, but they are less common. An important quality of dust allergies is clear remissions. They occur when interaction with the allergen stops.

Epidermal allergens include fur, lint, feathers, dander, animal excrement and saliva. Pet allergies affect 1-4% of adults and up to 11% of children. It can manifest itself as sneezing, runny nose, stuffy, itchy or swollen nose, watery eyes, red or itchy eyes, and dry cough. Accompanied by wheezing in the chest, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, suffocation, redness and rashes on the skin, itching, headache and ear pain, temporary hearing loss. This reaction involves one or more symptoms. They can last several days or months.

Insect allergens include insects and their metabolic products. An allergic reaction can begin from bites, inhalation or direct contact. Insect bites usually cause swelling, redness and a rash. Sometimes the reaction can be serious and even life-threatening. When an allergen enters the body by inhalation, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis and even bronchial asthma can begin. The contact route is most often accompanied by dermatitis.

Pollen allergens include plant pollen, and the allergy itself is called hay fever. For people suffering from hay fever, the most dangerous periods are when alder, oak, maple, birch, hazel and sycamore bloom. In addition, periods of flowering of wheatgrass, corn, rye, ragweed, wormwood, quinoa and some other plants pose a danger. Symptoms of pollen allergies include runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, red eyes, watery eyes, fever, itching, and rash. Often such symptoms occur in combination with general weakness and increased fatigue. Loss of appetite, irritability, sleep disturbances, and decreased performance.

Food allergens include food products and substances that are formed during their digestion, preparation and long-term storage. The most common food allergies include milk and dairy products, eggs and products containing them, fish and fish products, meat, some grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, and nuts. Signs of food allergies may include itching of the lips, mouth, throat, nausea, vomiting, intestinal colic, and diarrhea. In addition, there may be itchy skin, hives, redness of the skin, runny nose, cough and shallow breathing.

Drug allergens include drugs. This allergy manifests itself in the form of hives and skin rashes, Quincke's edema, sneezing, rhinitis, runny nose, itchy nose, cough, shortness of breath, asthma attacks, red eyes, itching, flaking of the skin and fever.

Fungal allergens include molds and yeasts. Allergies from fungi are manifested by rhinitis, bronchial asthma, skin rashes, itching, hives and suffocation.

Cough as a consequence of an allergic reaction

From all of the above, we can conclude that coughing due to allergies is a fairly common symptom. It can be confused with a cold if you are not aware of some of the features of such a cough. The first thing you need to pay attention to is its sudden appearance and disappearance. As soon as contact with the allergen stops, the condition improves significantly.

Do not forget that it can be protracted, without showing signs of a cold, such as fever, chills and weakness. It often occurs together with allergic rhinitis. An allergic cough is almost always dry.

For treatment to be successful, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the cause that causes irritation.

If an allergic dry cough is caused by a reaction to dust, then you should do daily wet cleaning. You need to try to get rid of everything that collects and accumulates dust, including carpets. Curtains need to be washed more often. If the irritant is fluff and wool of bedding, then they should be replaced with hypoallergenic ones. The same applies to washing powders, cosmetics, and hygiene products.

Antihistamines are usually prescribed to alleviate the condition and eliminate symptoms.

If you have a problem such as an allergic dry cough, do not self-medicate, but consult a doctor.

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Rash, runny nose, cough and fever in a child

Infectious diseases in children often develop differently than in adults. Respiratory pathology also becomes a cause for concern. Parents who notice a cough and rash in their child will think about the origin of the symptoms and, most likely, will not wait for new ones to appear. Only by consulting a doctor can you be sure of a high-quality diagnosis of the condition that has arisen.

Causes and mechanisms

Any symptom has a connection with its source. But different diseases have similar symptoms, so we have to consider the likelihood of several causes. A rash on a child’s body in combination with a cough and fever may appear due to the following diseases:

• Measles.
• Rubella.
• Scarlet fever.

But in addition to childhood infections, allergic reactions to any substances (food, pollen, animal dander, medications) cannot be ruled out. But a cough with a rash without fever can have completely different origins, being signs of two unrelated conditions. In any case, a thorough differential diagnosis will help to establish the cause.

Symptoms

The clinical picture of the disease consists of individual symptoms that are identified by the doctor during a survey and physical examination. First, he finds out from the parents and the child himself what is bothering him, how the disease began and how it manifested itself. Subjective information is then supplemented by the results of inspection, palpation (feeling), percussion (tapping) and auscultation (listening). This creates an idea of ​​the pathology, allowing a preliminary diagnosis to be made.

Measles is a highly contagious infection that is caused by a virus. The pathogen is very easily transmitted from a patient by airborne droplets in children's groups and crowded places. After the incubation (latent) period, the temperature gradually rises (up to 39 degrees), and intoxication symptoms increase (weakness, malaise, loss of appetite). At the same time, inflammatory changes appear in the upper parts of the respiratory tract:

• Runny nose with serous discharge.
• Sore throat.
• Dry cough.
• Hoarseness of voice.

Catarrhal phenomena also affect the conjunctiva - the mucous membrane turns red, the sclera is injected, the eyelids swell, the eyes water. The posterior wall of the pharynx is hyperemic and granular. On day 2, red spots (enanthema) become visible on the mucous membrane of the soft palate, and small whitish dots (Belsky-Filatov symptom) appear on the inside of the cheeks. The face becomes swollen, lips dry and cracked.

From the 4th day of illness, rashes appear on the body (exanthema). They are characterized by several distinctive features:

• They are represented by bright pink spots and irregularly shaped papules.
• Located on an unchanged skin background.
• Appear in stages (face, torso, limbs).
• Disappears with pigmentation.

Catarrhal and intoxication syndrome with the appearance of enanthema reaches its maximum severity, but during the period of pigmentation the child’s condition becomes satisfactory. Measles can also occur atypically, with abortive, erased, asymptomatic and mitigated forms. The latter occurs in children who received immunoglobulins during the incubation period. But we cannot exclude the risk of severe infection, which gives complications in the form of laryngotracheitis, pneumonia, meningoencephalitis, otitis, keratitis, etc.

A maculopapular rash and cough in a child is a reason to think about measles. The likelihood of such an infection increases significantly when in contact with a sick person.

Rubella

The clinical picture of rubella will also include a combination of three syndromes: exanthema, catarrhal and intoxication. The disease begins with a prodromal period, which is characterized, like a common cold, by low-grade body temperature, weakness, fatigue, as well as signs of damage to the upper respiratory tract:

A characteristic sign of rubella will be enlargement and tenderness of regional lymph nodes (posterior cervical and occipital). Then, against this background, a small-spotted red rash appears in the child. It occurs simultaneously throughout the body, located mainly on the extensor surfaces of the limbs, buttocks, and back.

Acquired rubella, as a rule, proceeds smoothly, without giving rise to complications. In young children with specific immunity from the mother, the disease does not develop. But if a woman has suffered an infection during pregnancy, then the newborn has congenital rubella with damage to various organs (pneumonia, myocarditis, hepatitis) and multiple malformations.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is one of the types of streptococcal infection. It begins acutely - with a rise in body temperature, intoxication and sore throat. The baby complains of a sore throat when swallowing, and sometimes coughing occurs (a phenomenon of concomitant pharyngitis). On examination, the pharyngeal mucosa is red, the tonsils are enlarged and loose. The tongue is initially coated with a white coating, but then clears of it, taking on a “crimson” appearance (with enlarged papillae).

Against the background of intoxication and catarrhal symptoms, a typical scarlet fever exanthema appears: profuse, red, pinpointed, located on a hyperemic background of the skin, mainly along the flexor surfaces of the limbs, on the neck, chest, abdomen and lower back, concentrating in places of natural folds. The appearance of the child is quite characteristic, since the rash on the face thickens in the cheek area, and the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle remains free (Filatov’s symptom). During the recovery period, skin changes undergo reverse development with the appearance of lamellar peeling, especially pronounced on the palms and soles.

Scarlet fever is not as harmless a disease as it seems. It can be quite difficult and give a number of complications: toxic, septic and allergic. Therefore, it is extremely important to suspect an infection in time and begin antibacterial therapy.

Rashes with scarlet fever have a number of characteristic signs, which, together with other symptoms, will suggest an infection.

Allergic reactions

In addition to infectious diseases, allergic reactions should not be overlooked. Their prevalence is increasing every year, especially in childhood. Almost any substance in contact with a sensitized organism can give such a reaction. Clinically, the following signs may appear:

• Hives and itchy skin.
• Paroxysmal sneezing.
• Nasal congestion and snot.
• Watery eyes and redness of the eyes.
• Cough and hoarseness.
• Bronchospasm and suffocation.

Each child reacts to an allergen in its own way: from minor manifestations to strong and dangerous ones. At an early age, only signs of diathesis appear in the form of redness and peeling on the cheeks, but later they can develop into atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, and bronchial asthma.

Additional diagnostics

What disease became the source of the cough and rash on the body can only be reliably determined based on the results of an additional examination. And although some conditions are recognized even clinically, laboratory procedures will help confirm the diagnosis:

1. General blood and urine analysis.
2. Nasopharyngeal swab (microscopy, bacterial culture, PCR).
3. Serological tests (determination of antibodies and antigens in serum).

To exclude some complications, chest X-ray, ECG, and ultrasound of the kidneys are necessary. The child consults an infectious disease specialist and an allergist. And only after all the diagnostic measures it will become clear what he is sick with. Based on the results obtained, treatment is prescribed.

Cough rash itching

We all get sick. Often or rarely, mildly or severely, we get sick. It’s a banal truth, but that’s how people are made - either something breaks inside, or someone attacks outside. Those who pounce can often be identified by sight - dogs, for example, or young people bored in a dark alley. The latter often leave marks on our body in the form of bruises and bites, which, of course, darkens our existence, since it spoils our beauty and interferes with fruitful communication with people of the opposite sex.

However, it also happens: it seems like no one touched you, but you look in the mirror and your hair stands on end - you’re all kind of spotty or bubbles are jumping up here and there. Nightmare!

The feeling described above is familiar to almost every adult, especially when you consider that when such spots or blisters appear not on himself, but on a child, then this is no less a nightmare.

Doctors call various changes on the skin that suddenly appear as a rash. There are several dozen diseases in which a rash always occurs, and several hundred in which it can occur. The vast majority of these diseases are not terrible at all, but there are also very (!) dangerous ones, so you need to be careful with the rash.

To begin with, we note that there are three groups of diseases in which rashes may appear on the skin:

Let's take a closer look at them.

Infectious diseases are the most common cause of rashes, and making sure that the cause of the rash is an infection is usually not difficult. After all, in addition to the rash, there must be other signs of an infectious disease - contact with an infectious patient, acute onset, increased body temperature, loss of appetite, chills, something hurts (throat, head, stomach), or something is swollen, or runny nose, or cough, or diarrhea, or.

A rash appears in diseases that are caused by viruses - measles, rubella, chickenpox - these are the most common, but there are many others with scary names - herpes infection, infectious mononucleosis, infectious erythema, etc. A feature of all these diseases is the almost complete lack of opportunities It is important to help the patient, since effective ways to combat viruses have not yet been invented. But there is nothing particularly sad about this - the human body copes with the virus on its own within one to two weeks. True, under one condition - that it is a child’s body. Measles, rubella, and chickenpox in adults are quite severe and are often accompanied by complications. This, by the way, leads to a very useful conclusion about the benefits of visiting preschool institutions in order to get sick on time than you should.

Infectious rashes can be caused by bacteria. With them, on the one hand, it is simpler - there are antibacterial drugs (antibiotics, sulfonamides) that can help the sick person. But, on the other hand, the diseases themselves can be very serious, when the rash is just a trifle compared to everything else.

The most common bacterial infection with a rash is scarlet fever, but everyone knows about many other diseases that cause a rash - typhoid and typhus, syphilis, meningitis, staphylococcal infection (the list, unfortunately, is far from complete).

A rash as a manifestation of an allergy is not at all uncommon (to put it mildly). Thoughts about the allergic nature of the disease in general and the rash in particular arise, as a rule, when, firstly, there are no signs of infection - that is, the general condition is not particularly disturbed, the temperature is normal, appetite has not disappeared and, secondly, there is something to sin about - that is, there was contact with something (someone) that could be the source of the allergy. This something could be eaten (citrus fruits, chocolate, pills), this something could be injected (medicine), this could be breathed in (painted, sprinkled, anointed), this something could be rubbed against (cats, dogs, rugs, clothes that are “well” dyed or washed in something “good”.

From the above, it is easy to conclude that there are four main types of allergies - food, drug, respiratory (respiratory) and contact. The possible cause is not always obvious, and the search for it often turns the doctor, the patient and his relatives into true followers of Sherlock Holmes.

From the above it is easy to conclude: it is not always possible to clearly identify the cause of the rash. For example, a person fell ill with pneumonia. They injected me with penicillin and a rash appeared. That is, the cause of the disease is an infection, and the cause of the rash is an allergy.

Well, now the results, conclusions and some other useful information.

Good luck, and may the rashes pass you by!

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Guest

In general, I am of the opinion that not only “be sure to show any rash to a doctor, and the sooner the better.”, but, in general, any doubt - show it to the doctor, and then reason and decide what to do - forget, cover up, inject , take a pill. The intuition of a sane mother will always tell you when to agree to Augmentin, and when to believe that “forget and it will go away on its own.” Thank you for the sobering articles that strengthen your self-confidence!!

Victoria

Ganka23

Guest

As soon as we noticed blisters on the skin, we immediately went to the doctor, they said that we were allergic to something and our throat turned red. They prescribed Hilak Forte, Linex, calcium chloride, fenistil. and I ate as usual, half a tomato with cucumbers, 1 apple, I drink compote, I also eat cherries and strawberries, I drink tea with lemon, I also drink cow’s milk, sometimes kefir, homemade kvass, I eat sausage, cheese, homemade eggs, nuts and dried fruits, various cereals, ice cream, etc. There were no problems before this. please help. I'm afraid to give my child medicine. how can you determine what your allergy is from, whether it is an allergy at all, how to get rid of it, cure it, and how you can avoid it. but so that the baby does not get used to things that are too sterilized, to clean water, etc. since such conditions do not always exist.

Nataly Ukraine, Dolinskaya

Olga Ukraine, Gorlovka

Guest

Guest

Guest

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Infectious diseases in children often develop differently than in adults. Respiratory pathology also becomes a cause for concern. Parents who notice a cough and rash in their child will think about the origin of the symptoms and, most likely, will not wait for new ones to appear. Only by consulting a doctor can you be sure of a high-quality diagnosis of the condition that has arisen.

Causes and mechanisms

Any symptom has a connection with its source. But different diseases have similar symptoms, so we have to consider the likelihood of several causes. A rash on a child’s body in combination with a cough and fever may appear due to the following diseases:

• Measles.
• Rubella.
• Scarlet fever.

But in addition to childhood infections, allergic reactions to any substances (food, pollen, animal dander, medications) cannot be ruled out. But a cough with a rash without fever can have completely different origins, being signs of two unrelated conditions. In any case, a thorough differential diagnosis will help to establish the cause.

Symptoms

The clinical picture of the disease consists of individual symptoms that are identified by the doctor during a survey and physical examination. First, he finds out from the parents and the child himself what is bothering him, how the disease began and how it manifested itself. Subjective information is then supplemented by the results of inspection, palpation (feeling), percussion (tapping) and auscultation (listening). This creates an idea of ​​the pathology, allowing a preliminary diagnosis to be made.

Measles

Measles is a highly contagious infection that is caused by a virus. The pathogen is very easily transmitted from a patient by airborne droplets in children's groups and crowded places. After the incubation (latent) period, the temperature gradually rises (up to 39 degrees), and intoxication symptoms increase (weakness, malaise, loss of appetite). At the same time, inflammatory changes appear in the upper parts of the respiratory tract:

• Runny nose with serous discharge.
• Sore throat.
• Dry cough.
• Hoarseness of voice.

Catarrhal phenomena also affect the conjunctiva - the mucous membrane turns red, the sclera is injected, the eyelids swell, the eyes water. The posterior wall of the pharynx is hyperemic and granular. On day 2, red spots (enanthema) become visible on the mucous membrane of the soft palate, and small whitish dots (Belsky-Filatov symptom) appear on the inside of the cheeks. The face becomes swollen, lips dry and cracked.

From the 4th day of illness, rashes appear on the body (exanthema). They are characterized by several distinctive features:

• They are represented by bright pink spots and irregularly shaped papules.
• Located on an unchanged skin background.
• Appear in stages (face, torso, limbs).
• Disappears with pigmentation.

Catarrhal and intoxication syndrome with the appearance of enanthema reaches its maximum severity, but during the period of pigmentation the child’s condition becomes satisfactory. Measles can also occur atypically, with abortive, erased, asymptomatic and mitigated forms. The latter occurs in children who received immunoglobulins during the incubation period. But we cannot exclude the risk of severe infection, which gives complications in the form of laryngotracheitis, pneumonia, meningoencephalitis, otitis, keratitis, etc.

A maculopapular rash and cough in a child is a reason to think about measles. The likelihood of such an infection increases significantly when in contact with a sick person.

Rubella

The clinical picture of rubella will also include a combination of three syndromes: exanthema, catarrhal and intoxication. The disease begins with a prodromal period, which is characterized, like a common cold, by low-grade body temperature, weakness, fatigue, as well as signs of damage to the upper respiratory tract:

• Rhinitis.
• Sore throat and sore throat.
• Dry cough.

A characteristic sign of rubella will be enlargement and tenderness of regional lymph nodes (posterior cervical and occipital). Then, against this background, a small-spotted red rash appears in the child. It occurs simultaneously throughout the body, located mainly on the extensor surfaces of the limbs, buttocks, and back.

Acquired rubella, as a rule, proceeds smoothly, without giving rise to complications. In young children with specific immunity from the mother, the disease does not develop. But if a woman has suffered an infection during pregnancy, then the newborn has congenital rubella with damage to various organs (pneumonia, myocarditis, hepatitis) and multiple malformations.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is one of the types of streptococcal infection. It begins acutely - with a rise in body temperature, intoxication and sore throat. The baby complains of a sore throat when swallowing, and sometimes coughing occurs (a phenomenon of concomitant pharyngitis). On examination, the pharyngeal mucosa is red, the tonsils are enlarged and loose. The tongue is initially coated with a white coating, but then clears of it, taking on a “crimson” appearance (with enlarged papillae).

Against the background of intoxication and catarrhal symptoms, a typical scarlet fever exanthema appears: profuse, red, pinpointed, located on a hyperemic background of the skin, mainly along the flexor surfaces of the limbs, on the neck, chest, abdomen and lower back, concentrating in places of natural folds. The appearance of the child is quite characteristic, since the rash on the face thickens in the cheek area, and the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle remains free (Filatov’s symptom). During the recovery period, skin changes undergo reverse development with the appearance of lamellar peeling, especially pronounced on the palms and soles.

Scarlet fever is not as harmless a disease as it seems. It can be quite difficult and give a number of complications: toxic, septic and allergic. Therefore, it is extremely important to suspect an infection in time and begin antibacterial therapy.

Rashes with scarlet fever have a number of characteristic signs, which, together with other symptoms, will suggest an infection.

Allergic reactions

In addition to infectious diseases, allergic reactions should not be overlooked. Their prevalence is increasing every year, especially in childhood. Almost any substance in contact with a sensitized organism can give such a reaction. Clinically, the following signs may appear:

• Hives and itchy skin.
• Paroxysmal sneezing.
• Nasal congestion and snot.
• Watery eyes and redness of the eyes.
• Cough and hoarseness.
• Bronchospasm and suffocation.

Each child reacts to an allergen in its own way: from minor manifestations to strong and dangerous ones. At an early age, only signs of diathesis appear in the form of redness and peeling on the cheeks, but later they can develop into atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, and bronchial asthma.

Additional diagnostics

What disease became the source of the cough and rash on the body can only be reliably determined based on the results of an additional examination. And although some conditions are recognized even clinically, laboratory procedures will help confirm the diagnosis:

1. General blood and urine analysis.
2. Nasopharyngeal swab (microscopy, bacterial culture, PCR).
3. Serological tests (determination of antibodies and antigens in serum).

To exclude some complications, chest X-ray, ECG, and ultrasound of the kidneys are necessary. The child consults an infectious disease specialist and an allergist. And only after all the diagnostic measures it will become clear what he is sick with. Based on the results obtained, treatment is prescribed.

MEASLES IN CHILDREN

Measles is an acute inflammatory disease characterized by intoxication, rash on the skin and mucous membranes. Measles is caused by a filterable virus. The disease is transmitted from sick to healthy by airborne droplets. Infection occurs through the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Susceptibility to measles is very high. There are mild, moderate and severe forms of the disease. Mitigated (weakened) measles is observed in vaccinated children. The entry point for infection is the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. The virus then enters the blood.

The incubation period for measles lasts from 7 to 17 days, in vaccinated people it extends to 21 days. This is followed by a catarrhal period, accompanied by an increase in temperature to 38-39°C, a runny nose, cough, and conjunctivitis appear. photophobia. On the mucous membrane of the cheeks, near the small molars, many whitish papules (Belsky-Filatov spots) appear. By the fifth day of this period, the temperature decreases, and the disease enters a period of rash, which is characterized by greater severity of inflammatory phenomena. The child's face is puffy, with swollen eyelids, the runny nose, cough, and lacrimation intensify. The temperature rises again to 39-41°C, lethargy, drowsiness, and refusal to eat increase. A maculopapular rash appears on the skin of the face. On the second day, the rash spreads to the torso, and on the third - to the limbs. The size of individual elements is from 2 to 5 mm in diameter. As the rash grows, individual elements of the rash merge with each other, forming large spots with uneven outlines. After 3 days, the rash begins to fade in the same order as it began. During the recovery period, which follows 5-7 days after the appearance of the rash, pigmentation and fine scaling appear on the skin. By the end of the second week of the disease, appetite improves and inflammation in the nasopharynx decreases. Pigmentation and flaking on the body disappear.

Diagnosis: fever, cough, runny nose, spotty rash on the skin. It should be differentiated from an allergic rash, rubella. scarlet fever. Most patients are treated at home. It is necessary to carry out wet cleaning and ventilate the room. The child must receive enough fluids. Food must be nutritious and appropriate for the child’s age. Symptomatic therapy includes antitussive and antipyretic drugs. Prevention - active immunization with measles vaccine is carried out at the age of 15-18 months.

Just about health

Different diseases have different rashes

A rash that suddenly appears on a child’s body always causes great concern and caution among parents. After all, various skin rashes are often the first sign of childhood infectious diseases.
Moreover, with different diseases, the rash has a completely different appearance and its own characteristic signs. Let's figure out what kind of rash occurs with various childhood infections.

Scarlet fever rash

With scarlet fever, the rash feels like sandpaper. Most of the rashes occur in the groin, armpits, and on the folds of the arms and legs; later the rash spreads to the stomach and chest. The rash is accompanied by high fever, headache and sore throat. At the same time, the tongue also has a characteristic appearance: it becomes dark crimson, and white papillae are clearly visible on it (“strawberry tongue”). The lymph nodes in the neck become swollen. The face turns red, only the nose and lip area (nasolabial triangle) remain pale.

Chickenpox rash

With chickenpox (chickenpox), the rash has typical stages of development: spot-tubercle-vesicle-crust. A spot with a diameter of 2–4 mm turns into a papule (tubercle) and vesicle (vesicle) within a few hours. The vesicles are filled with transparent contents, sometimes reach 6 mm in diameter, and are usually itchy and itchy. The number of rashes can be single, or can reach hundreds of elements! The rash covers the entire body, face, neck, legs and arms, excluding only the palms and soles; The scalp is especially “spotty.” It lasts from 2 to 10 days, “cleansing” of the skin from crusts usually occurs after 5–10, but traces of chickenpox last much longer.

Measles rash

With measles, first (on the second or third day of illness) small whitish spots appear on the mucous membrane of the cheeks near the molars, surrounded by a narrow red border - Belsky-Filatov-Koplik spots, characteristic specifically for measles (in appearance they resemble semolina). At the same time, the temperature rises, the head hurts, a runny nose and a “barking” cough are observed. On the fourth or fifth day of illness, a rash appears: first on the face, neck, behind the ears, the next day on the torso, then on the bends of the arms and legs, including the fingers. The rash consists of small papules surrounded by a spot and prone to coalescence. The reverse development of the elements of the rash begins on the fourth day of the rash: the temperature returns to normal, the rash darkens, turns brown, becomes pigmented, and peels off (in the same sequence as the rash). Pigmentation lasts 1–1.5 weeks.

Rubella rash

With rubella, a rash appears as the first sign of the disease. Sometimes it is accompanied by a slight runny nose, low-grade fever, and mild redness in the throat, as with a normal ARVI. The rash associated with rubella is pale pink, round or oval in shape, 2–5 mm in diameter, in typical cases small-spotted or roseolous. Typically, the elements of the rash do not merge and do not rise above the surface of the skin. More often, the rashes begin on the face and neck, but after a few hours they spread throughout the body, condensing on the bends of the arms and legs, back and buttocks. There are few rashes on the face, and there are none at all on the palms and soles. The rash lasts 1–3 days, then turns pale and disappears, leaving no pigmentation or peeling behind.

Meningitis rash

With meningococcal meningitis, already in the first day, 80% of children develop a rash on the skin in the form of pink spots ranging in size from 0.5 to 2 cm - the so-called maculopapular rash. It begins to appear on the stomach, buttocks, heels, legs and spreads throughout the body in a matter of hours. After 2–3 hours, small hemorrhages appear in the center of the spots. In addition, there are other signs characteristic of the disease: severe headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle tension in the back of the head, etc. In mild cases of meningitis, the rash remains in the form of small dotted dark cherry-colored rashes for another 3-4 days. In more severe forms of meningitis, the rash consists of large spots and bruises; This rash goes away within 10 days.

Other rash

The most “not scary” rash is the so-called “sweating sweat”, which often appears in young children. This rash is located in those areas of the body where sweating is most active (in the folds of the neck and armpits, on the chest and back), it becomes brighter and more noticeable when overheated and quickly disappears when proper measures are taken. Areas of the body with heat rash should be washed more often, and the skin should be lubricated with baby cream, baby oil or baby powder. When bathing your baby, you can add an infusion of chamomile or chamomile flowers to your baby’s bath. The normal lifespan of such a rash is short - after a day it usually disappears completely.
There are also different types of rashes associated with insect bites, certain skin conditions, or viral diseases such as herpes. Often some skin rashes occur as an allergic reaction to certain foods, medications, animal dander, etc. In this case, the mother needs to analyze whether she gave the baby any new foods or medications, whether the child had contact with cats or dogs, etc. Sometimes the rash is accompanied by itching, nasal congestion, watery eyes, and sneezing. In this case, the child will be helped by antihistamines and diet.

In any case, it is better to show a child with a rash to a doctor as soon as possible. After all, many diseases accompanied by a rash are contagious and can pose a threat to other children. www.prosto-zdorovie.ru

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An acute infectious disease characterized by fever, catarrhal symptoms of the upper respiratory tract (cough, runny nose, hoarseness), inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth and the appearance of a red, large-spotted rash on the skin. The causative agent of measles is a virus. Contained in small droplets of sputum, mucus and saliva of a patient, the virus enters the air when coughing, sneezing and talking and then penetrates through the respiratory tract into the body of a healthy child (airborne transmission of infection). Droplets of sputum, saliva and mucus containing the virus easily spread throughout the room and can penetrate with air currents into neighboring rooms and apartments through cracks and ventilation ducts. Almost all people are susceptible to measles; those who have recovered from the disease develop lasting, lifelong immunity. Infection occurs even with fleeting contact. More than half of the cases of K.'s diseases occur in children under 5 years of age. Children under 3 months. K. usually do not get sick, because they are given immunity to the disease from their mother, who had K. in childhood. Children born to mothers who have not had measles can get it before the age of 3 months.

There are four periods of illness. The first period - incubation (hidden) - lasts 6-18 days; During this time, the virus can be in the human body without causing any manifestations of the disease (see Incubation period. The second period is prodromal (initial, catarrhal), which occurs after the latent period, lasts 3-4 days. It is characterized by an increase in temperature, catarrhal symptoms (runny nose, cough, hoarseness of voice, redness of the eyes, lacrimation). Gradually, these phenomena intensify, photophobia, puffiness of the face, barking cough may develop, and swelling of the larynx may develop - a characteristic sign of K. during this period is the appearance of tender, small white spots. , surrounded by a red rim, on the mucous membrane of the cheeks against the lower molars (the so-called Filatov-Koplik spots; color table, art. 80, 6) They appear 2-3 days before the rash, disappearing on the 1st-2nd. rash day.

Another characteristic sign of K. is the appearance of red spots on the mucous membrane of the soft and hard palate, the so-called. enanthema (color table, art. 80, 7). Quite often, children are irritable, they experience deterioration in sleep, appetite, frequent bowel movements, and stool becomes liquid. Older children may have headaches, vomiting, nosebleeds, and abdominal pain. The third period - rash - begins with a new rise in temperature, deterioration of the condition, and redness of the throat. On the 4-6th day (from the onset of the disease), a characteristic red large-spotted rash appears (color table, art. 80, 5,8). The rash appears first on the face - behind the ears, on the cheeks and on the forehead, and after a few hours it spreads over the entire face. Becoming more intense, the rash covers the torso on the 2nd day, and the limbs on the 3rd. The skin with K. is moist (due to increased sweating), and there is slight itching. The rash period lasts 3-4 days. The fourth period - pigmentation (recovery) - begins on the day the rash appears on the extremities. On the same day, the rash on the face begins to darken and turn into brown spots. Spreading from top to bottom, pigmentation lasts 7-10 days. The skin becomes dry, especially on the face, palms and soles; pityriasis-like peeling appears. The temperature gradually decreases, the general condition of the child improves.

The course of measles can be either mild or severe. A mild form of measles occurs more often in children 4-5 months old - all periods are shortened, the child’s condition worsens slightly; in children older than 6 months. a severe form of K is more often observed. Severe headache, persistent vomiting, nosebleeds are possible, and in some cases - delirium, hallucinations (see Mental illnesses). Complications: pneumonia, laryngeal edema, inflammation of the middle ear (otitis), intestinal disorders.

When the first signs of the disease appear, you must immediately call a doctor, who will decide whether to hospitalize or treat the child at home. In the treatment of K., general hygiene measures, diet, and care are of primary importance (see Caring for the sick, features of caring for a sick child). The patient should be in a well-ventilated area - it is necessary to ensure a constant flow of fresh air and moderate temperature (17-18°). During the warm season, it is useful to take a sick child out into the fresh air or keep him near a constantly open window. Darkening the room is harmful; for photophobia, it is enough to place the patient with his back to the light source. It is necessary to care for the skin (wiping, washing), the mucous membrane of the mouth (drinking plenty of fluids, especially after eating, rinsing the mouth after eating) and eyes (rinse with cotton wool moistened with boiled water or 2% boric solution several times a day ). Frequent and abundant drinking is necessary.

Prevention. At the first signs of illness, the child must be isolated from other children.

As soon as K. is diagnosed, parents must immediately report this to the child care facility where the child is visiting. Many parents, believing that K.'s disease is almost inevitable, are often calm about the possible infection of the child. Meanwhile, K. is especially dangerous for children under 2 years of age, as well as for weakened children of other ages. Therefore, young and weakened children must be protected in every possible way from the disease K. Highly effective anti-measles vaccinations are of exceptional importance, which begin to be given to children at 10-12 months of age (see Preventive vaccinations).

In order to prevent the development of the disease in children who have not been vaccinated for any reason (contraindications, etc.), who have been in contact with patients with K., gamma globulin is used. With timely administration of gamma globulin, the disease either does not develop or proceeds very easily (the so-called mitigated K.)

Sources: not yet!

The skin reflects the state of the body. Any changes should raise suspicion. If any redness, rashes or peeling appears, you should visit a specialist. The child has an unformed body. Children are most susceptible to various ailments. The child has a fever, cough and rash - symptoms that need treatment. They can occur for various reasons. In this case, the child may complain of weakness and a significant deterioration in health. The listed symptoms are pathogenic and always indicate the presence of a disease.

Immediate treatment of a child is required if a rash appears along with a cough and fever.

Allergic type bronchitis

A rash on a child’s body, which is accompanied by a large number of extraneous symptoms, provokes anxiety in parents. Signs such as rash, fever, coughing and runny nose can signal serious illnesses. Some of them need to urgently call a doctor. Under no circumstances should pathogenic symptoms be ignored.

Often the undesirable symptoms listed may be present in allergic bronchitis in a child. Experts usually include spontaneous spasmodic exhalations as the main symptom of this disease. The disease may progress differently in any given patient. Often it is accompanied by a wet cough. Typically the disease progresses as follows:

• There is an interaction with the provoking factor. A small patient begins to experience reflex spasms of the respiratory system. In the initial stages of the disease, parents often assume that the child has a cold. This initial diagnosis is incorrect, and cold medications in this case are ineffective. Deterioration of the condition almost always occurs at night or when the small patient takes a horizontal position.

In addition to other symptoms, allergic bronchitis is accompanied by a runny nose

• The baby begins to complain of a runny nose. A rash appears in the child.
• Coughing occurs and body temperature increases to 38 degrees.

Cough and rash are the symptoms that appear with allergic-type bronchitis, indicating that the disease has developed against the background of other diseases. It is in such a situation that a child’s rash, runny nose and cough occur simultaneously.

Allergic-type bronchitis is quite similar to ordinary allergies. In order to cope with the disease, it is necessary to eliminate the root cause of its occurrence. Drugs to eliminate individual symptoms will not be effective. Before contacting a doctor, you can provide first aid to a small patient. Thanks to some procedures, you can alleviate the baby's condition. It is usually recommended to give preference to steam inhalations.

For an accurate diagnosis and choice of treatment, you should show your child to a doctor.

Independent selection of drugs is impossible. The disease is quite difficult to detect and choose the most effective medications. It is better to entrust a small patient to a specialist.

Measles

Measles

It happens that a child coughs and at the same time there is rhinitis and rashes on the skin. Such pathogenic symptoms may indicate the presence of measles. This is an infectious type of disease with a high level of susceptibility. If such an illness is present, children should receive immediate medical attention. With measles, there is a significant increase in body temperature. Its readings can reach 40 degrees. Typically, young patients experience inflammation of the oral mucosa. Visual impairment may also occur. As a rule, this manifests itself in the form of conjunctivitis. In addition, the following symptoms are observed:

• rashes;
• weakness;
• gag reflex;
• tearfulness.

Children with measles may vomit

The causative agent of the disease is extremely unstable. It dies almost instantly outside the human body. This occurs when interacting with a variety of extraneous factors. Despite this, the infectious disease is transmitted by airborne droplets. This happens when:

• coughing;
• sneezing.

It is possible to become infected only through contact with a sick patient. A child can be contagious starting from the second day of the incubation period. Measles usually affects children between the ages of two and six. They are the ones in the main risk group. In adults, the disease occurs extremely rarely. Measles can be transmitted to a young patient in utero. If your baby develops rashes or a significant increase in body temperature, you should immediately call a doctor.

Measles can be spread between children by sneezing

After suffering from measles, a person becomes immune to this disease. Re-infection is almost impossible. It can occur when the human body is significantly weakened.

The symptoms of measles are very similar to the flu. A young patient may experience:

• headache (it may not go away for three days);
• diarrhea;
• significant loss of strength;
• runny nose;
• redness of the eyes;
• lack of appetite.

A child who develops measles may experience prolonged headaches

About 4 days after infection, the child develops a rash. The rash can affect all parts of the body. The spots are quite large, they can merge. For this reason, large defects that do not have a clear shape may occur. The rash is not accompanied by itching. However, they always occur together with excessively elevated body temperature. The rash covers absolutely the entire body. Then the rashes begin to gradually disappear.

Rubella

Rubella is a common disease among children. This disease can be accompanied by a large number of negative symptoms, including rashes, runny nose, increased body temperature and coughing. With rubella, the rash is localized on the neck. Only a few days after its occurrence does it spread throughout the body. It most severely affects the folds. The spots are light pink in color. They are small, but can merge into large shapeless areas.

Rubella rashes are usually accompanied by elevated body temperature. Its indicators can increase to 39 degrees. However, in some cases it may remain normal. The little patient’s state of health remains almost unchanged. Lymph nodes enlarge in some areas. This disorder usually lasts for at least two weeks.

Cough with fever and rash may be caused by rubella

The disease usually appears several weeks after contact with the sick person. It is impossible to establish a diagnosis on your own. The rash with rubella is very similar to the rashes that appear with:

• scarlet fever;
• allergic reaction;
• prickly heat.

The disease occurs like a mild cold. As noted earlier, rubella is predominantly a childhood disease. However, recently it has also affected people under 30 years of age. The risk group includes pregnant women. A girl can transmit the disease to her baby in utero. This can cause fetal death or congenital pathologies.

Rubella can be transmitted from mother to child

In the early stages of pregnancy, a woman with rubella is recommended to give preference to artificial termination.

Chicken pox

Chicken pox is a disease that everyone is familiar with. Chickenpox usually occurs in children. Some parents deliberately send their child to an infected person so that he becomes infected at a younger age. This is due to the fact that such a disease can usually occur only once in a lifetime, and is more easily tolerated in preschool and school age.

Children experience chickenpox differently. Depending on the individual characteristics, the disorder may be accompanied by various symptoms. The main symptom is rashes that are localized on all parts of the body. It may be accompanied by coughing and increased body temperature. A runny nose appears extremely rarely. The rash is accompanied by pronounced itching. The latent period of the disease can last up to 20 days. The rashes appear as follows:

• Early in the course of the disease, several rashes appear.

The appearance of a rash with fever and cough is characteristic of chickenpox

• Small red rashes begin to spread throughout the body. Their appearance resembles small pimples.
• After a few hours, the rashes begin to resemble blisters. Liquid accumulates in them. Subsequently, the blisters begin to burst and a crust forms in their place.

Rashes with itching can bother a small patient for about 5 days. The temperature increases slightly. It can be easily reduced with Paracetamol. The child is isolated from people who have not previously encountered chickenpox. It is advisable that the baby does not scratch the affected area. Otherwise, scars may occur.

Treatment is different in all cases, so you should consult a doctor with similar symptoms.

The temperature in children will be discussed in the video:

Often, along with bronchospasms, symptoms arise that seem to have nothing to do with them. One of these strange manifestations is considered to be a skin rash; a cough that torments a person still turns out to be associated with it. Sometimes there is also a temperature. What is the reason for the occurrence of such a symptom complex?

Dry cough and rash as signs of an allergic reaction

When the immune system is weakened, malfunctions may occur in the body. Protective functions begin to turn on upon contact with substances that essentially do not pose any danger to him:

• Plant pollen.
• Some products.
• Dust.
• Animal fur.

As a result of an inadequate reaction, people (especially children) may develop a dry cough and a rash at the same time. Symptoms often include a runny nose.

Without tests, it is extremely difficult to identify the cause of hypersensitivity of the immune system. However, it is possible to analyze what exactly such manifestations arose after contact. Remove the possible irritant from your daily routine or diet for a while.

If a dry cough and rash on the body are caused by an allergen, the interaction with which has been eliminated, then they should reduce their intensity. However, sometimes the reason for the negative reaction of the body was so strong that just eliminating the irritant is not enough, and the symptoms continue, and in addition, the back begins to itch due to the rash. In this case, doctors prescribe antihistamines.

Wet cough, fever, rash, as symptoms of allergic bronchitis

Unpleasant manifestations can be caused by chronic disease of the lower respiratory tract. Although the main sign of allergic bronchitis is sharp, spasmodic exhalations, very often its clinical picture includes a productive cough, runny nose, fever, and rash at the same time.

The reason for this is the multifaceted features of the course of the disease. One of the options for the clinical picture of the disease is the following:

• After exposure to a provocateur, a person with allergic bronchitis begins to experience reflex spasms of the respiratory tract. Most often they occur at night, but they can haunt you during the day.
• At the same time, nasal congestion, snot, and skin pathologies appear.
• Low-grade fever (up to 37.9 degrees) is observed.

The parallel appearance of bronchospasms and skin rashes is explained by the fact that very often (especially in children) allergic bronchitis occurs against the background of:

• Neurodermatitis.
• Epidermal diathesis.
• Pollinosis.

Thus, a rash, fever, cough, and runny nose begin to appear simultaneously.

As with a regular allergy, to reduce the intensity of symptoms, the cause of their occurrence should be removed. Also, first aid may consist of steam inhalations that soften the respiratory system.

Cough, rash, fever as signs of an infectious process

Measles is considered one of the serious diseases that often causes unpleasant symptoms in children. The symptoms of this disease may resemble the flu. Babies appear:

• Headaches.
• Weakness.
• Runny nose.
• Loss of interest in food.
• Temperature.

A little later, a cough and a red rash are observed. It doesn't cause itching. However, it can cover the entire body in a few days.

A week after the onset of the disease, symptoms begin to decrease in intensity. Rash, runny nose, cough, fever gradually disappear. If no other complications arise, then the disease ends on its own and leaves no trace.

It should be remembered that if symptoms appear for which the cause is unknown, you should definitely visit a doctor. This is especially true for those who have a sick child. A specialist will be able to quickly determine the cause of the disease and help get rid of cough, rash and other unpleasant symptoms.