Traditional medicine

Normal heart rate. Normal heart rate at rest

Heart pulse is one of the main clinical indicators that are part of a comprehensive diagnosis of human health. It shows how much pushing and oscillation the walls of blood vessels make during the cardiac cycle. The cardiac cycle refers to the total sequence of processes that occur in the heart muscle during its contraction and relaxation. A person’s normal heart rate is determined not only by age, but also by the degree of physical fitness: a well-trained person needs fewer heartbeats to pump a certain volume of blood than a person leading a sedentary lifestyle.

What heart rate is considered normal?

The ideal norm of heart beats per minute, in which the human pulse is measured, is considered to be an interval from 60 to 90. If the heart rate (heart rate) is less than 60 beats per minute, and this clinical picture persists for three measurements in a row with an interval of 3-7 days , the patient is diagnosed with bradycardia. This is one of the pathologies of sinus rhythm in which the pulse can drop to 30 beats per minute or lower. The patient experiences constant weakness and drowsiness. His performance decreases, headaches appear, and dizziness often occurs. If the heart rate slows significantly (less than 30-35 beats per minute), loss of consciousness and cessation of respiratory function are possible.

increased intracranial pressure;
atherosclerosis of myocardial vessels (the inner muscular layer of the heart);
taking certain medications, such as quinine derivatives;
decreased production of thyroid hormones (hypothyroidism);
poisoning with heavy metals (lead, mercury, etc.);
starvation;
gastrointestinal infections.

For most people, a decrease in heart rate to 40-50 beats per minute is asymptomatic, but if pathological signs occur (asthenic syndrome, flashing spots before the eyes, pressure in the chest), it is necessary to seek medical help.

If the pulse is above 90 beats

This condition is called tachycardia. Tachycardia can be temporary or chronic. Most often, deviations from the normal heartbeat through attacks of sinus or paroxysmal tachycardia are observed in women. The causes may be disorders in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, diseases of the endocrine system and hemodynamic disorders.

If the normal heart rate in adults is about 70-90 beats per minute, then with any form of tachycardia (including ventricular fibrillation) this figure reaches 100-110 beats. The patient's condition worsens, he develops shortness of breath, insomnia, and may experience dull or stabbing pain in the sternum. If it lasts for a long time, tachycardia is dangerous to health, since the blood supply to the heart muscle is disrupted and its function deteriorates. If drug correction is not carried out in a timely manner, the development of coronary disease and heart failure is possible.

Heart rate by age (table)

The normal pulse rate by age in women and men differs slightly, although in women this figure may be slightly higher due to physiological characteristics (for example, unstable hormonal balance). Below is a table indicating the normal human pulse by year and age. You can roughly use it as a guide when independently assessing the functioning of the cardiovascular system, but only a doctor can accurately analyze possible deviations and identify their nature.

Age-specific heart rate (without load)

Heart rate is measured in beats per minute. The normal heart rate is calculated as the average of the minimum and maximum values.

In women (especially)

The normal heart rate for adult women may be slightly higher than that of men in the same age group. This is due to hormonal instability, which changes every month during menstruation. Significant fluctuations in hormones and associated changes in heart rate can occur during pregnancy and lactation: during this period, the woman’s body intensively synthesizes the hormones necessary for the maintenance and development of pregnancy and the production of breast milk - prostaglandin, prolactin and progesterone.

An increase in pulse rate in female patients may also be associated with gynecological hormone-dependent diseases, for example, endometriosis, endometritis, endometrial hyperplasia, and uterine fibroids. With these pathologies, the level of estrogen in the female body decreases, which leads to disruption of the normal hormonal balance and changes in the functioning of the heart and blood vessels. During menopause (45-50 years), the average heart rate in women is approximately comparable to that of men.

In men (peculiarities)

In men, changes in heart rate in most cases occur as a result of a sedentary lifestyle, alcohol abuse, and smoking. Errors in nutrition (increased consumption of salt, spices, fatty foods) can also affect heart rate, therefore, if heart rate significantly deviates from the norm, the first priority is to correct lifestyle and get rid of bad habits.

The heart rate in men involved in sports is always higher than in women of the same age leading a measured lifestyle, and can reach 100 beats per minute, which is not considered a pathology in the absence of other signs and symptoms.

In children (table)

The baby's pulse at birth is always high and ranges from 100 to 150 beats per minute. The heart contracts intensively during this period, so these values are considered the physiological norm and do not require any treatment.

A higher heart rate may be the result of intrauterine or postpartum hypoxia, so such children need careful monitoring and examination by specialists: a pulmonologist, cardiologist, infectious disease specialist, endocrinologist. Signs of postpartum hypoxia may be unnatural pale skin, poor sleep, lack of sucking and other innate reflexes. By 3-6 months, a child’s pulse can approach values of 90-120 beats per minute and remain within these limits until the age of ten.

Pulse in children: normal

In children over 10 years of age and adolescents, the heart rate is the same as in adults and is 70-90 beats per minute.

Pulse is one of the most important indicators of the functioning of the cardiovascular system. The pulse rate may slow down or increase depending on the influence of various factors (physical activity, stress, nutrition), but in the absence of pathologies, heart contractions should quickly return to normal.

If this does not happen, you should consult a doctor, since such a clinical picture may be a manifestation of chronic heart failure, coronary artery disease and other heart diseases that increase the risk of myocardial infarction.

How our heart works:

Author of the article: Sergey Vladimirovich, a supporter of reasonable biohacking and an opponent of modern diets and quick weight loss. I will tell you how a man aged 50+ can remain fashionable, handsome and healthy, and how to feel like 30 in his fifties. About the author.

During the contraction of the heart, another portion of blood is pushed into the vascular system. Its impact on the wall of the artery creates vibrations, which, spreading through the vessels, gradually fade to the periphery. They are called the pulse.

What is the pulse like?

There are three types of veins and capillaries in the human body. The release of blood from the heart affects each of them in one way or another, causing their walls to vibrate. Of course, arteries, as the vessels closest to the heart, are more susceptible to the influence of cardiac output. Vibrations of their walls are well determined by palpation, and in large vessels they are even noticeable to the naked eye. That is why the arterial pulse is most significant for diagnosis.

Capillaries are the smallest vessels in the human body, but even they affect the work of the heart. Their walls vibrate in time with heart contractions, but normally this can only be determined with the help of special instruments. A capillary pulse visible to the naked eye is a sign of pathology.

The veins are so far away from the heart that their walls do not vibrate. The so-called venous pulse is transmitted vibrations from nearby large arteries.

Why measure your pulse?

What is the significance of vascular wall vibrations for diagnosis? Why is this so important?

The pulse makes it possible to judge hemodynamics, how effectively it contracts, the fullness of the vascular bed, and the rhythm of heartbeats.

In many pathological processes, the pulse changes, and the pulse characteristic no longer corresponds to the norm. This allows us to suspect that not everything is in order in the cardiovascular system.

What parameters determine the pulse? Pulse characteristics

Rhythm. Normally, the heart contracts at regular intervals, which means the pulse should be rhythmic.
Frequency. Normally, there are as many pulse waves as the heart beats per minute.
Voltage. This indicator depends on the value of systolic blood pressure. The higher it is, the more difficult it is to compress the artery with your fingers, i.e. Pulse tension is high.
Filling. Depends on the volume of blood ejected by the heart during systole.
Magnitude. This concept combines filling and tension.
Shape is another parameter that determines the pulse. The characteristics of the pulse in this case depend on the change in blood pressure in the vessels during systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) of the heart.

Rhythm disorders

If there are disturbances in the generation or conduction of impulses through the heart muscle, the rhythm of heart contractions changes, and with it the pulse changes. Individual vibrations of the vascular walls begin to fall out, or appear prematurely, or follow each other at irregular intervals.

What are the types of rhythm disturbances?

Arrhythmias due to changes in the functioning of the sinus node (the area of the myocardium that generates impulses leading to contraction of the heart muscle):

Sinus tachycardia - increased contraction frequency.
Sinus bradycardia - decreased contraction frequency.
Sinus arrhythmia - contractions of the heart at irregular intervals.

Ectopic arrhythmias. Their occurrence becomes possible when a focus appears in the myocardium with activity higher than that of the sinus node. In such a situation, the new pacemaker will suppress the activity of the latter and impose its own rhythm of contractions on the heart.

Extrasystole - the appearance of an extraordinary cardiac contraction. Depending on the location of the ectopic focus of excitation, extrasystoles are atrial, atrioventricular and ventricular.
Paroxysmal tachycardia is a sudden increase in heart rate (up to 180-240 heart beats per minute). Like extrasystoles, it can be atrial, atrioventricular and ventricular.

Impaired conduction of impulses through the myocardium (blockade). Depending on the location of the problem that prevents normal progression from the sinus node, blockades are divided into groups:

(the impulse does not go further than the sinus node).
(the impulse does not pass from the atria to the ventricles). With complete atrioventricular block (III degree), a situation becomes possible when there are two pacemakers (the sinus node and the focus of excitation in the ventricles of the heart).
Intraventricular block.

Separately, we should dwell on the flicker and flutter of the atria and ventricles. These conditions are also called absolute arrhythmia. In this case, the sinus node ceases to be a pacemaker, and multiple ectopic foci of excitation are formed in the myocardium of the atria or ventricles, setting the heart rhythm with a huge contraction frequency. Naturally, under such conditions the heart muscle is not able to contract adequately. Therefore, this pathology (especially from the ventricles) poses a threat to life.

Heart rate

The resting heart rate of an adult is 60-80 beats per minute. Of course, this indicator changes throughout life. Pulse varies significantly by age.

There may be a discrepancy between the number of heart contractions and the number of pulse waves. This occurs if a small volume of blood is released into the vascular bed (heart failure, decreased amount of circulating blood). In this case, vibrations of the vessel walls may not occur.

Thus, a person’s pulse (the norm for age is indicated above) is not always determined in the peripheral arteries. This, however, does not mean that the heart does not contract either. Perhaps the reason is a decrease in ejection fraction.

Voltage

Depending on changes in this indicator, the pulse also changes. The characteristics of the pulse according to its voltage include division into the following types:

Firm pulse. Caused by high blood pressure (BP), primarily systolic. In this case, it is very difficult to squeeze the artery with your fingers. The appearance of this type of pulse indicates the need for urgent correction of blood pressure with antihypertensive drugs.
Soft pulse. The artery contracts easily, and this is not very good, because this type of pulse indicates that the blood pressure is too low. It can be due to various reasons: a decrease in vascular tone, ineffectiveness of heart contractions.

Filling

Depending on changes in this indicator, the following types of pulse are distinguished:

means that the blood supply to the arteries is sufficient.
Empty. Such a pulse occurs when the volume of blood ejected by the heart during systole is small. The causes of this condition may be heart pathology (heart failure, arrhythmias with too high heart rate) or a decrease in blood volume in the body (blood loss, dehydration).

Pulse value

This indicator combines the filling and tension of the pulse. It depends primarily on the expansion of the artery during contraction of the heart and its collapse during relaxation of the myocardium. The following types of pulse are distinguished by size:

Big (tall). It occurs in a situation where the ejection fraction increases and the tone of the arterial wall is reduced. At the same time, the pressure in systole and diastole is different (during one cycle of the heart it increases sharply, and then decreases significantly). The reasons leading to the occurrence of a high pulse may be aortic insufficiency, thyrotoxicosis, fever.
Small pulse. Little blood is released into the vascular bed, the tone of the arterial walls is high, and pressure fluctuations in systole and diastole are minimal. Causes of this condition: aortic stenosis, heart failure, blood loss, shock. In especially severe cases, the pulse size may become insignificant (this pulse is called threadlike).
Uniform pulse. This is how the normal heart rate is characterized.

Pulse form

According to this parameter, the pulse is divided into two main categories:

Fast. In this case, during systole the pressure in the aorta increases significantly, and in diastole it quickly drops. A rapid pulse is a characteristic sign of aortic insufficiency.
Slow. The opposite situation, in which there is no room for significant pressure drops in systole and diastole. Such a pulse usually indicates the presence of aortic stenosis.

How to properly examine the pulse?

Probably everyone knows what needs to be done to determine what a person’s pulse is. However, even such a simple manipulation has features that you need to know.

The pulse is examined in the peripheral (radial) and main (carotid) arteries. It is important to know that with weak cardiac output in the periphery, pulse waves may not be detected.

Let's look at how to palpate the pulse in the hand. The radial artery is accessible for examination at the wrist just below the base of the thumb. When determining the pulse, both arteries (left and right) are palpated, because Situations are possible when pulse fluctuations will be different on both hands. This may be due to compression of the vessel from the outside (for example, a tumor) or blockage of its lumen (thrombus, atherosclerotic plaque). After comparison, the pulse is assessed on the arm where it is better palpated. It is important that when examining pulse fluctuations, there is not one finger on the artery, but several (it is most effective to clasp your wrist so that 4 fingers, except the thumb, are on the radial artery).

How is the pulse in the carotid artery determined? If the pulse waves at the periphery are too weak, the pulse in the great vessels can be examined. The easiest way is to try to find it on the carotid artery. To do this, two fingers (index and middle) must be placed on the area where the indicated artery is projected (at the anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle above the Adam's apple). It is important to remember that it is impossible to examine the pulse on both sides at once. Pressure of two carotid arteries can cause circulatory problems in the brain.

The pulse at rest and with normal hemodynamic parameters is easily determined both in peripheral and central vessels.

A few words in conclusion

(the age norm must be taken into account during the study) allows us to draw conclusions about the state of hemodynamics. Certain changes in the parameters of pulse fluctuations are often characteristic signs of certain pathological conditions. That is why pulse examination is of great diagnostic importance.

Any deviation of the heart rate outside the normal range (indicated in the table depending on age) is a sufficient condition to undergo a full medical examination.

The normal pulse rate for an adult (the table by age is given below) is the normal number of heart impulses over time.

In specialized literature, this term is abbreviated as heart rate. The unit of measurement of frequency (heartbeats are measured) is the number of pulsations, or impulses (abbreviated as pulses) produced per unit of time (minute). Doctors have determined when the pulse is considered normal (an adult is a person who has reached full adulthood). This is if it is within the range of 60–90 imp.

General information about heart rate

The parameter is taken into account to diagnose the appearance of symptoms of deterioration in health, unpleasant (abnormal) sensations. The normal pulse rate in an adult serves as an indicator of the presence of anomalies and disorders of the cardiovascular system.

If the pulsation frequency exceeds 90 (see table for different ages), then the subject is diagnosed with tachycardia, less often than 60 - bradycardia. However, the difference between the actual value and the normal pulse rate for an adult given in the age table does not yet indicate the presence of pathological changes.

Important. Critical frequency readings are: below 50 or over 100 beats every minute (the age table shows the normal heart rate for an adult). This means when the individual being examined is calm and the muscle tissue is not tense. When comparing the pulse in adults with the table by age (if it does not go beyond these limits), it is necessary to take into account that deviations are not always associated with the presence of pathologies.

Having specified in the age table how much an adult’s pulse should be, you need to compare the table data with the actual measurement results. The procedure is performed as follows:

The subject must lie down on a flat surface, or at least sit down. It is important that the muscles are relaxed.
Measurements are performed using specialized medical equipment or a stopwatch, which can be a wristwatch with a stopwatch hand (or electronic), a smartphone, etc.
By pressing the pads of the index and middle fingers against the veins on the subject’s wrist, the number of pushes made in 60 seconds is recorded. After this, the results are compared with a table of correspondence between norms and age.

The concept of a normal pulse in an adult does not imply the activity of the subject and the tension of muscle tissue. Therefore, if he has been exposed to physical activity, you need to give him time to rest and establish a stable rhythm. Otherwise, the measurement results cannot be compared with the data in the table of norms. To do this, you need to wait 3 minutes while at rest, and then take measurements and compare them with the age table.

The normal heart rate in adults varies under the following circumstances:

Oxygen starvation of tissues. A reduced hemoglobin content forces the heart muscle to increase its contraction rate in order to provide the body tissues with the necessary amount of oxygen.
Lifestyle. When considering what is considered the normal heart rate for an adult, his activity is taken into account. If we are talking about athletes (professionals and amateurs), then the heart rate of a trained person in a calm state will be lower than that of a sedentary individual.
Physiological features. Pregnancy in women makes its own adjustments to the work of the heart muscle, accelerating the frequency of its contractions, which is especially pronounced in the third trimester, which leads to a deviation from the table corresponding to the normal rhythm for age.
Age category. When comparing the measurement results with what the pulse should be in an adult, it is taken into account that the subject may have physiological tachycardia or bradycardia, which is considered normal for people of mature age, if the measurement results do not go beyond the permissible critical limits (below 50 beats, above 100 beats). The table of norms by age displays the age factor.

The norms from the age table are parameters that everyone should know. A critical deviation leads to death.

Heart rate measurement points on the arm

What is the normal heart rate for an untrained person?

The heart muscle can be trained, like any other. Therefore, people who consciously expose their body to regular physical activity have different indicators of heart activity. It also matters whether the person being examined is in a dream. This aspect must be taken into account, as well as the recent awakening.

The absence of muscle tension is not a guarantee that after measurements the actual rhythm will coincide with the tabulated data. The normal heart rate of an adult can range from 60 to 90 beats every minute. These data indicate that the subject is healthy. Deviations from the norms taken from the correspondence table (without going beyond critical life readings) are sometimes associated with everyday aspects:

drunk coffee;
past stress or fear;
lack of rest after muscle activity;
taking medications;
lack of sleep or recent awakening;
presence of diseases;
avitaminosis;
smoking (passive, including);
alcohol intoxication;
excessive eating.

The listed reasons can change the normal heart rate (regardless of age) in one direction or another, making this indicator different from the normal heart rate for an adult (see table by age).

To obtain reliable measurement results, you need to exclude the catalyst (cause), wait a while in peace, or restore the natural parameters of the heart using vagal measures.

Then repeated measurements are taken and the results are compared with what an adult’s pulse should be within the normal range. If, after applying vagal measures, the rhythm again goes beyond the acceptable range, it can be argued that pathological changes have occurred, and you should immediately consult a doctor.

In a dream

Staying in sleep (did not take into account when compiling the table of norms with age) makes adjustments when assessing the actual heartbeat rhythm. It has been established that the normal heart rate for an untrained adult at rest is 60–90 pulses. For a sleeper, this indicator varies depending on the phase of sleep in which he is.

In phases I-IV, the intensity of the impulses decreases by 30%. V is REM sleep, during which the frequency increases and persists for 3–5 minutes after waking up. These adjustments are not taken into account in the age table.

Normal heart rate for adults by age

The opinion that the standard for assessing heart rate changes over the years is erroneous. The same values are considered normal. Doctors give one answer to the question “what is the normal pulse of a person at 50 years old.”

The norm is a heart rate of 60–90, which is shown in the table of norms for different ages. Schematically, three age categories can be distinguished, but if you estimate what the pulse of a person should be at 30 years old, the numbers are the same.

Up to 35 years old

It is assumed that people in this age group (see table by age) are healthy, do not have acquired diseases, and the consequences of bad habits and unhealthy lifestyles have not yet fully manifested themselves. At rest, the rate of cardiac activity varies from 72 to 75 beats. /min., which is displayed in the table of the normal heart rate of an adult depending on age.

With physical overload, a jump to 120 or even 200 beats per minute is possible. When assessing what a person’s heart rate should be at the age of 30, they take into account the presence of objective reasons for the jump. If there are none, immediate medical intervention is required. This is a sufficient reason to diagnose pathological changes in the body.

For middle age

From the age table below, you can see what the normal heart rate is for a person at 40 years old. If the heart rate is in this range, it can be said that his cardiovascular system is working normally.

Considering what the normal pulse is for a person at 50 years old, the upper limit is taken to be 90, and the average value corresponds to 70, which also indicates the absence of anomalies.

In an elderly person

The pulse rate established by doctors (in the age table for an adult) in old age should not exceed 90 pulses. This refers to people aged 60 to 80 years. The average value is considered to be 70 beats. The fatigue of the body and the consequences of the loads endured throughout life affect.

Pivot table

By saving the table below, you can at any time clarify what the normal pulse rate is for an adult at different ages.

Age gradation by age	What is the normal heart rate for an adult (lower limit of the range), beats/min.	How many beats is the normal pulse for an adult (upper limit of the range), beats/min.	What should be the pulse of an adult upon reaching the specified age (average normal value for cardiac activity), beats/min.
Up to 50	70	90	80
From 50 to 60	65	85	75
From 60 to 80	60	80	70

The correct answer to the question, what is the normal pulse of a person at 60 years old, the answer is one - from 60 to 90. The upper limit can be reduced due to less vital activity, which is associated with reaching old age.

The indications given in the age table correspond to the data accepted in medicine as the norm for an adult. This means that:

the person being examined is in a calm state;
measurements were made correctly (using special equipment);
the body is not susceptible to diseases;
the person does not take medications;
there are no catalysts that can bring the body out of a state of rest;
the subject is awake.

Otherwise (if the normal heart rate of an adult from the age table differs from the actual heart rate), adjustments must be made, but this can only be done by a qualified medical professional.

Adjusting the normal heart rate during sleep for adults. If a person is in the stage of physiological (natural) sleep, the average reading of the normal heart rate of an adult should be reduced by 9%. A deviation of 1% is considered natural.

Deviations from the average downward or upward are considered normal for an adult if they do not fall outside the acceptable range. Otherwise, it is necessary to immediately take measures to stabilize the heart rate and call an ambulance.

While the car is on the way, you need to try to calm down and relax. The measurement results are reported to the visiting doctor, and if the heart rate was measured several times, the dynamics are announced. The use of medications and the stabilizing measures taken also need to be mentioned. This will help in diagnosing the causes of heart rate destabilization.

What does it mean if the heart rate does not correspond to the average values?

After measurement, it is necessary to compare the measurement results with tabular data. It is necessary to compare with the average heart rate in an adult (table, last column), taking into account the age gradation.

The correspondence of the measurement data to the average value from the pulse table for an adult (normal for age) indicates that the heart muscle is not overloaded. Otherwise, there are abnormalities in the functioning of the heart. Symptoms are expressed in:

fatigue;
nausea;
tinnitus;
dizziness;
inability to stand on your feet;
migraines;
pulsations in the temporal areas of the head, fingers, and chest;
anxious state;
increased sweating;
shortness of breath;
loss of consciousness;
feeling of coldness in the arms and legs;
excessive muscle weakness.

If the normal heart rate (taken from the table according to age) is higher than the actual heart rate, it means that changes have occurred in the adult’s body that slow down the heart. These could be:

neurocirculatory dystonia;
myocarditis;
excessive pressure on the carotid sinus (may occur due to a scarf or tie that is pulled too tightly);
meningitis;
brain contusion;
hypothyroidism;
myxedema;
myocardial dystrophy;
subarachnoid hemorrhage;
ulcers of the duodenum and stomach;
cardiosclerosis;
swelling or swelling of the brain, as well as other abnormalities, diseases and injuries.

Sepsis, hepatitis, uremia, and typhoid fever can also cause an adult’s pulse to deviate from the norm indicated in the age table. This means that bradycardia may be the result of the listed reasons, which cannot be diagnosed independently.

If the actual heart rate is higher than the normal heart rate for an adult (in accordance with the table by age), then we are talking about tachycardia. This fact means that the body may be affected:

dysfunction of the left ventricle of the heart;
heart failure;
extracardiac arrhythmia;
dysfunction of the cerebral cortex;
neurosis;
affective psychosis (emotional tachycardia);
neurocirculatory dystonia;
thyrotoxicosis;
production of excessive amounts of adrenaline;
pheochromocytoma;
anemia;
acute vascular insufficiency after shock, collapse, acute blood loss, fainting;
hypoxemia;
acute painful attacks (for example, renal colic).

As a result of fever, there is a jump in the pulse rate in an adult of any age beyond the norm from the table, even if we are talking about an increase in temperature by 10 C. In this case, the deviation from the norm for an adult, given in the table by age, is 10–15 contractions to a large side. This may be a consequence of pneumonia, sore throat, tuberculosis, sepsis, or focal infection.

As can be seen from the above, an adult’s heart rate exceeding the norm indicated in the table by age can be associated with various reasons, which cannot be established at home, even with a medical education.

If the intensity of contractions of the heart muscle does not correspond to the norm given in the table of age correspondence, you need to immediately call a medical team and take measures to stabilize the work of the heart. The drug effect occurs due to the components found in:

Valocordine;
motherwort tincture;
valerians;
mint decoction;
validole.

In the case of dangerous abnormalities, these drugs can return an adult's pulse to normal, corresponding to the age table, but this cannot be considered a treatment. Without a medical examination, it is impossible to cure the disease.

Useful video

From the following video you can learn what a person’s pulse is considered normal:

Conclusion

What is the normal heart rate for an adult is indicated in the summary table above. During the period of heart rate measurement, the following is taken into account:
- number of years lived;
- vital activity;
- gender (male, female);
- presence of catalysts;
- phase (sleep or wakefulness).
Deviations from the average norm from the age table should not go beyond the upper and lower limits of the range. Up to 50 or more than a hundred pulses are considered a critical condition that threatens life and health. If the heart rate goes beyond the normal heart rate of an adult at rest, it is a sufficient reason to call a local doctor or a rapid response medical team.

A slowdown or increase in heart rate indicates the development of arrhythmia due to the influence of certain factors. If nothing is done, heartbeat irregularities may remain permanent and even worsen over time. To avoid such problems, it is necessary to find out the specifics of measuring vascular pulsation and age standards. If serious abnormalities are detected, you should consult a doctor.

Pulse is translated from Latin as a blow or a push. It is a vascular oscillation that occurs due to the cycles of the heart muscle. There are 3 types of pulse:

arterial;
venous;
capillary.

In a healthy person, the vessels should “oscillate” after an equal period of time. The rhythm is set by the heart rate (HR), which directly depends on the sinus node. The impulses it sends cause the atria and ventricles to alternately contract. If the detected pulsation is too weak or irregular, then we can talk about the development of pathological processes in the body. The easiest way to detect the arterial pulse. Fluctuations in capillaries and veins are determined in a hospital setting according to individual indications.

Measurement

Pulse measurement is usually performed at the wrist. It is enough for a person to count the number of pulse waves in 1 minute. To obtain more accurate data, it is recommended to take measurements on both limbs. As a comprehensive examination in a hospital setting, the doctor will first find out the heart rate, then he will count the number of respiratory movements (RR) in 1 minute and determine the type of breathing. The resulting indicator is especially important for assessing the child’s development.

When measuring your pulse, you need to pay attention to its rhythm. The shocks should be of equal strength and at equal intervals of time. If there are no deviations, it is enough to spend 30 seconds on the procedure, and then multiply the result by 2. If a clear disturbance in the heartbeat is detected, it is better to spend at least 1 minute on the measurement and consult a doctor. The specialist will prescribe instrumental examination methods. The main one among them is electrocardiography (ECG). It will allow you to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart and identify the causative factor of arrhythmia. As a supplement, the following tests are prescribed:

Daily ECG monitoring will allow you to see changes in heart function throughout the day under the influence of various factors.
A treadmill test is prescribed to assess heart rate under the influence of physical activity.

Due to problems with blood vessels or injuries, it is sometimes necessary to count pulse waves in other arteries. Instead of the wrist, you can palpate the neck. The vibrations will come from the carotid artery.

Dependence of heart rate on various factors

A person's normal heart rate should remain between 60-90. Its frequency may increase or decrease due to certain factors.
If they are not associated with pathological processes developing in the body, then the caused deviation will be considered harmless. Stress, overwork, overeating and the effects of low temperature, for example, after a long walk in cold weather, will only briefly disrupt the usual heart rhythm.

The frequency of contractions may vary depending on the time of day (morning, night). After waking up, a person’s pulse is lowest, and in the evening it is closer to the upper limit. It is equally important to consider physical fitness. In athletes, the number of pulse waves at rest is slightly lower than normal. This phenomenon is associated with intense training, which forces the heart to pump more blood.

The normal pulse rate for men and women is not particularly different. The difference is 5-7 beats per minute. Significant deviations are detected only due to the characteristics of the hormonal system. During menopause, which occurs at fifty to sixty years of age, and during pregnancy, female representatives may experience tachycardia and small surges in pressure.

The pulse is most dependent on age characteristics:

In children, the heart rate, even in a calm state, is significantly higher than the norm for an adult. The deviation is caused by the intensive growth of the body.
Adolescent children may suffer from tachycardia due to puberty and manifestations of vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD). It occurs against a background of stress and anxiety, especially in high school (before exams).

In older people, the cardiovascular system is not in the best condition due to gradual wear and tear, so they are more likely to develop various pathologies. Against the background of age-related changes, the heartbeat can be eighty to one hundred beats per minute even at rest, and the reaction to physical activity is usually more pronounced.

Normal heart rate for an adult: table by age

The normal heart rate of an adult by year (age) is given in the table:

In an adult, the heart rate norms by age and the permissible heart rate limits in a child under 15 years of age differ significantly, which can be seen in the following table:

Age	Maximum and minimum limit	Average value
Up to 3-4 weeks	115-165	135
From 1 to 12 months	105-160	130
1-3 years	90-150	122
3-5 years	85-135	110
5-7 years	80-120	100
7-9 years	72-112	92
9-11 years	65-105	85
11-15 years	58-97	77

Knowing what the normal heart rate is for women and men by age, you can avoid many diseases. Measurements should be taken at rest. Under the influence of other factors (sports, pregnancy), slight deviations are possible.

Heart rate while walking

While walking, there is a slight increase in heart rate. How many heartbeats there will be per minute depends on the person’s fitness. For people leading a sedentary lifestyle, the heart rate can jump to 120, but for people who like to walk, it will remain within 90-100. To calculate the maximum permissible limit, subtract the person's age from 180.

When walking, the permissible heart rate is as follows:

15 years - 165;
35 years old - 145;
55 years old - 125;
75 years old - 105.

Heart rate at rest

The resting pulse is determined in the morning. A person needs to sit on a chair and count his pulse. Changing body positions or taking measurements in the evening is not recommended, as the final result will be distorted.

Generally accepted norms at rest:

adults – 60-80;
elderly – 70-90;
teenagers - 70-80;
children under 2 years old - 90-100;
newborns - 130-140.

Heart rate while running

While jogging, a lot of stress is placed on the heart. People trying to lose weight should keep their heart rate close to the upper limit. If the goal is to strengthen the cardiovascular system, then you need to stop at a figure not exceeding 60-70%. To calculate the norm, you need to subtract your age from 200:

If, against the background of an increase in the pulse (within acceptable limits), the pressure readings remain normal, then the development of pathologies will not follow. Elderly people need to be especially careful. Their body is unable to withstand heavy loads.

Permissible heart rate during pregnancy

A woman who is expecting a baby experiences increased heart rate around the 5th month. This phenomenon is associated with an increase in circulating blood volume during fetal development. Usually the increase is insignificant and gradually the indicators return to the acceptable limit:

at 14-26 weeks there is an increase of 10-15 contractions from the norm;
the maximum increase occurs between 27 and 32 weeks;
gradual normalization occurs closer to the birth of the child.

Causes of tachycardia

Tachycardia is manifested by increased heart rate and is divided into physiological and pathological. The first form occurs under the influence of the following factors:

pain;
physical and mental overload;
taking medications;

stress;
hot weather;
bad habits;
drinking coffee and energy drinks.

Physiological tachycardia goes away on its own and rarely causes complications. The pathological form is a consequence of various diseases and malfunctions in the body:

coronary heart disease (CHD);
hypertension (high blood pressure);
pathologies of the nervous system;
oncological diseases;
malformations of the heart muscle;
diseases caused by infections;
endocrine disruptions;
anemia (anemia).

In women, the cause of tachycardia may be menorrhagia. It is a disorder in the menstrual cycle, which is characterized by large blood losses during menstruation.

In adolescence, the main cause of palpitations is autonomic failure. It develops under the influence of irritating factors (stress, overwork) and hormonal surges. The problem goes away on its own after puberty.

Features of bradycardia

A slowing of the heart rate to 50 beats or below is called bradycardia. It is a sign of physiological and pathological factors. In the first case, the list of reasons for a decrease in heart rate is as follows:

During sleep, a person's metabolism slows down, body temperature drops slightly and heart rate decreases by about 10% of normal. The reason for the change in indicators is the complete relaxation of the body.
Stimulating reflex zones (eyeballs, carotid artery) can inadvertently cause a slight slowing of the pulse.
In older people, bradycardia can be a consequence of age-related cardiosclerosis. Areas of connective tissue scattered throughout the myocardium impair cardiac contractility, which contributes to a decrease in heart rate
When exposed to cold for a long time, the heart rate slows down as a protective reaction. The body begins to save resources in order to resist adverse effects longer.
Constant physical activity forces the heart to work harder than it should. Tissue hypertrophy begins, against the background of which bradycardia develops. For professional athletes, a heart rate in the region of 40-45 beats per minute is considered normal.

The pathological form of bradycardia is a consequence of the following factors:

inflammatory diseases of the heart muscle;
myocardial infarction;
taking antihypertensive medications;
impulse conduction disturbance;
hypothyroidism (thyroid hormone deficiency);
hypotension (low blood pressure);
stomach ulcer;
high intracranial pressure.

If it is not possible to identify the causative factor, a diagnosis of “idiopathic bradycardia” is made. If it is not accompanied by other disorders and the symptoms are not particularly pronounced, then it is also equated to physiological forms.

Symptoms of heart failure

Pathological forms of arrhythmia are especially dangerous. They manifest themselves quite clearly and often lead to the development of severe complications. In addition to signs of a slow or accelerated heartbeat, symptoms of an underlying pathological process may occur.

Tachycardia is characterized by the following clinical picture:

feeling of heartbeat;
dizziness;
pain and tightness in the chest;
dyspnea;

increased blood pressure;
feeling of anxiety;
pulsation of blood vessels in the neck;
irritability;
insomnia;
lack of air.

Bradycardia manifests itself when the heart rate decreases to 40 beats per minute or lower with the following symptoms:

dizziness attack;
fainting state;
pale skin;
growing weakness
chest pain;
fatigue;
seizures;
respiratory dysfunction.

What to do if your heart rhythm is abnormal

Physiological arrhythmias do not require a course of therapy. It is enough to avoid the causative factor. Pathological forms are treated by eliminating or stopping the underlying cause. Regardless of the type of failure, it is recommended to consult a cardiologist for an examination, the results of which will make a diagnosis.

If you have bradycardia, you will need to take medications that stimulate your heart. It is advisable to combine them with folk remedies based on medicinal herbs. You can increase your heart rate during an attack through light physical activity, caffeine, Zelenin drops and tablets based on belladonna extract.

Rest in a well-ventilated area will help reduce the frequency and intensity of your heartbeat. Before doing this, it is advisable to wash your face with cold water and remove clothes that are constricting the neck area. Additionally, you can do breathing exercises and take valerian tincture.

In both cases, nutritional correction, exercise and walks in the fresh air are recommended. If the attack cannot be stopped and the symptoms increase, then you need to call an ambulance. Visiting specialists must be told about the measures taken to alleviate the condition.

All people who want to avoid diseases of the cardiovascular system should know the normal heart rate by age. Deviations from acceptable limits may be physiological or pathological. In the first case, treatment is not prescribed. It is enough for the patient to learn about methods of stopping attacks. The course of treatment for pathological abnormalities in the heartbeat is aimed at eliminating the causative factor.

A normal pulse in a person indicates good heart function. It is important to monitor your heart rate in order to detect the disease in time and prevent its consequences. A person’s maximum heart rate depends on many factors: age, weight, physical activity. You can read more about what indicators are considered maximum permissible and what to do if your pulse goes off scale in this article.

Pulse rate

The normal heart rate for a healthy person is 60-90 beats per minute. For a child under 15 years of age, the average is very different. The younger the child, the faster his heart beats. In babies under one year old, a pulse of up to 135 beats per minute is considered normal. In children 3-5 years old, this value drops to 110. At 9 years old, 95 heart beats per minute is considered normal. And by the age of 15, the heart beats the same as that of an adult.

By measuring the pulse, many diseases can be diagnosed, so it is important to carry out a preventive examination at least once a month. In addition to the muscle, doctors also pay attention to its rhythm. If the patient is diagnosed with arrhythmia, which also indicates health problems. An increase in heart rate, as well as a slowdown, is a pathology and should not be left without treatment. A pulse that is too fast is called tachycardia, and a pulse that is too low is called bradycardia. What factors can influence the frequency of strokes?

Age.
Height: the taller a person is, the slower the heart beats.
Times of Day.
Menstrual cycle.
Alcohol.
Chronic pathologies.

Measurement methods

Many factors can influence your heart rate. Anxiety, stress, physical activity, and various diseases can increase heart rate values. To obtain an adequate result, it is important to take these factors into account. In order to know what your maximum heart rate is and prevent tachycardia, it is important to measure your heart rate from time to time. There are several ways to do this. You can measure your pulse either using instruments or simply by pressing the artery with your finger. The heart rate is best felt on the inner bend of the elbow, on the neck and on the wrist. By placing your finger on one of these places, you can easily count your pulse rate. A heart rate monitor in the form of a watch or bracelet measures heart rate more accurately. The use of heart rate monitors is possible when necessary or on an ongoing basis. Many companies produce these devices in the form of watches or bracelets that read indicators around the clock. This way you get data about your health over a long period of time.

But the easiest way to measure your pulse is simply by touching it - this method does not require special equipment. The most common way to measure the number of heartbeats is at the wrist. To get an accurate result, you need to sit on a chair and put your hand on the table, completely relaxing it. Then count your pulse for 60 seconds, having previously set a timer.

Upper limit of normal

What is the maximum heart rate for a person? Medicine allows exceeding the norm by five beats per minute. Only within this limit can the heartbeat still be considered healthy. Thus, the upper limit for a healthy person is 83/85 heart beats per minute. A pulse of over 100 beats per minute is considered high. If you measure your heart rate at rest and the device shows high values, then you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. But there are some situations in which the heart begins to beat faster and this is not considered a deviation from the norm. A person’s maximum heart rate generally depends very much on many factors. Why might the heart rate increase?

Emotional stress affects the hormonal, endocrine and cardiovascular systems. Adrenaline and cortisol are released into the blood, which makes the heart beat faster. Breathing techniques and medications can help cope with stress.
Intense pain causes the same reaction as stress. If severe pain is not relieved for a long time, it can have a detrimental effect on the heart.
A person's maximum heart rate during training can also reach extreme values. Therefore, it is important to monitor your heart rate during exercise. If your heart starts beating too fast, it is better to stop training and rest for a while.
A stuffy room or certain illnesses can also affect your heart rate.

There are many factors that cause a person's maximum heart rate per minute. If attacks of tachycardia occur rarely, and you know their cause, then there is no need to worry. But if an increase in heart rate occurs spontaneously, then it is best to consult a doctor.

How to determine your maximum heart rate yourself

There are many methods and formulas with which you can calculate the pulse for a specific person without averaged forms. Although these calculations are accurate, they do not take into account all factors, so the calculation error is 12%. The most famous formula is the Karvonen method, which determines the maximum possible heart rate in a person. To do this, you need to subtract your age from 220. For example, for a 30-year-old person, the maximum value would be 190 beats per minute. However, doctors do not recommend taking it to this point and allowing such critical values.

Another formula is considered more accurate: 205.8 - (0.685 * age). The result obtained is the upper heart rate bar. There are several pulse zones that affect many body processes. During training, to achieve the best results, you should try to keep your heart rate within the desired zone. For fat burning, 60-70% of the maximum heart rate is enough. Maintaining a low heart rate for a long time is good for your workout results and indicates a strong heart muscle.

Pulse life-threatening

If the pulse exceeds the maximum values, the person’s heart may simply stop. Even at 120 beats/minute, most people no longer feel very good, what can we say about values of 190-200. Despite the fact that heart rate indicators are individual, there are certain values that are considered critical. In medicine, when the level of 180 beats per minute is reached, the patient is prescribed medicinal droppers and drugs that reduce the heartbeat. Every person should have such medications in their medicine cabinet, because sudden stress can happen to anyone, which will increase their heart rate.

Most often, the pulse goes through the roof in athletes. In the midst of training, not many people pay attention to this and end up with serious injuries. The record for the maximum heart rate in a person was 220 beats per minute. This is almost twice the normal rate, and with such a pulse, you urgently need to stop the activity and get the necessary help. It is best to calm down and wait out the tachycardia by sitting down and drinking some water. Most often, this has the desired effect and the person feels better. After an attack of rapid heartbeat, it is better to avoid any physical activity.

Maximum heart rate during arrhythmia

Functional arrhythmia occurs for many reasons: emotional stress, overload, sports, drinking coffee and alcoholic beverages. What is the maximum permissible heart rate for a person with arrhythmia? Doctors indicate 90 beats per minute as the maximum value. If the heart rate exceeds this figure, then negative changes begin to occur in the body. An increased pulse due to arrhythmia is usually accompanied by the following symptoms:

Increased breathing.
Dizziness.
Darkening in the eyes.
Unreasonable anxiety and fear.

Maximum allowable heart rate during sports

A high heart rate is considered to be more than 100 heart beats per minute at rest. What is the maximum heart rate for a person who plays sports? This figure can be found by calculating your heart rate using one of the formulas given above. It is best not to exceed this indicator under any circumstances. Why is heart rate so important during sports? Heart rate affects the performance of exercises. If you follow a diet, go to the gym regularly, but do not see any changes, then you should pay attention to your pulse. Many exercise machines have special heart rate monitors that read information and display it on the screen. The program adjusts your heart rate to your target and warns you if you go beyond the limits.

A person’s maximum heart rate during physical activity can also be determined by smart bracelets and watches. They are fixed on the wrist and read the number of beats per minute. They can also be used in everyday life to monitor your health. Many reasons can prompt a person to monitor their heart rate. Both during sports and in everyday life, it is important not to exceed the maximum values. The current record for the maximum heart rate in humans is 220 beats per minute. A too fast heartbeat wears out the heart muscle and can lead to various pathologies, including death. Therefore, it is important not to reach such values.

Diseases indicated by a high pulse

If a person seeks help from a doctor with a problem of tachycardia, first of all, he is prescribed tests in order to diagnose the cause. Health problems can be expressed precisely in an increase in heart rate. You should start worrying when your pulse starts to go beyond 100 beats for no apparent reason.

Most often, a person’s maximum permissible heart rate indicates problems with the cardiovascular system. Heart failure, ventricular dysfunction, arterial blockage, atherosclerosis and many other diseases can cause tachycardia.
Neuroses, psychoses and other mental illnesses.
Endocrine disorders affect the production of hormones in the body, which regulate all processes. Therefore, for example, increased levels of adrenaline or cortisol can affect heart rate.
Medicines that have associated side effects affect the function of the sinus node. As a result, the tone of the sympathetic nervous system increases.
Infectious and inflammatory diseases (blood inflammation, sore throat, pneumonia, etc.) place a serious burden on all internal systems in the body, including the heart. An increase in temperature is especially dangerous, so after 38.5 it must be brought down with the help of antipyretic drugs.
Presence of tumors.

How can the disease be diagnosed? To do this, medicine resorts to a number of diagnostic procedures:

Laboratory tests.

Having the necessary history and results in hand, an experienced doctor can easily make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

First aid

In case of increased heart rate, it is important to provide first aid in time in order to reduce the heart rate. Before the ambulance arrives, it is important to provide all possible assistance to the victim.

Stop any physical activity and take a horizontal position.
Calm down. To do this, you can use breathing techniques or meditation. The main thing is not to start worrying even more - this will only worsen the situation.
Unfasten uncomfortable clothing and ensure sufficient oxygen access. A stuffy room can provoke an attack of tachycardia.
Apply a cold, damp cloth to your forehead.
Drink cold water with ice.

A rapid heart rate above 90-100 beats per minute is dangerous in itself. But sometimes it is accompanied by other symptoms that indicate an impending heart attack:

Chest pain.
Dyspnea.
Tremor in hands.
Darkening of the eyes and lightheadedness.
Swelling of the neck veins.

In this case, you can take medications that are in every first aid kit. A tablet of "Valocordin", "Valerian" or "Corvalol" normalizes the heartbeat. If these drugs are not on hand, you can brew soothing tea with lemon balm and chamomile. These herbs have a sedative effect, successfully replacing pills.

Treatment

All medications for palpitations should be prescribed only by a cardiologist after a personal examination and the necessary tests. The most commonly prescribed drugs are:

Anti-anxiety medications are effective in cases of emotional stress. This group includes medications such as Novopassit, valerian root, Afobazol. They can be purchased without a prescription, following the instructions for use.
Medicines against arrhythmia reduce the heart rate and normalize it. The most commonly prescribed drugs are Verapamil, Adenosine and Flecainide. These medications can only be taken after a doctor's prescription.

In addition to the main treatment, the patient may be prescribed drugs that indirectly affect the cardiovascular system:

Beta blockers normalize hormonal levels, which can be destabilized due to stress.
Antioxidants.
Cardiac glycosides.

But the most effective treatment method is still to prevent the occurrence of maximum heart rate. Doctors advise everyone who cares about their health to exclude fatty and spicy foods, alcohol and cigarettes from their diet. Regular exercise, such as running, strengthens the heart and improves endurance. A fully balanced diet of vegetables and fruits will provide the body with the necessary microelements. A lack of calcium negatively affects the heart, so it is important not to neglect this measure. Non-traditional methods of treatment are also quite effective. Patients note significant improvement after acupuncture and herbal medicine. Quite often, an elevated pulse occurs along with high blood pressure, and it is important to address both problems at the same time.

Results

Regular measurement of the pulse allows you to assess the condition of the cardiovascular system and take timely measures to treat it. Knowing a person’s maximum heart rate per minute, you can understand how his body reacts to stress, physical activity and other factors. In order to correctly determine the number of heart beats per minute, you need to know the measurement technique, the calculation formula and be able to correctly evaluate the result. Many factors can affect your heart rate, from age to the food you eat, and you need to take this into account. A person's maximum heart rate during exercise should not exceed 160 beats per minute. If your pulse does not decrease for a long time, then this is a reason to consult a doctor as soon as possible.