Sartorius, m. sartorius.

Beginning: spina iliaca anterior superior.

Attachment: tuberositas tibia.

Function: adducts the hip and rotates it outward.

Innervation: n. femoralis.

Blood supply: a. circumflexa femoris lateralis, a. femoralis, a. descendens geninularis.

Quadriceps muscle

m. quadriceps femoris: Rectus femoris muscle, m. rectus femoris, Lateral wide, m. vastus lateralis, medial wide, intermediate wide.

Start: 1 - spina iliaca anterior inferior, 2 - greater trochanter and lineia aspera (l.g.), 3 - anterior surface of the femur, distal to the intertrochanteric line, linia aspera (medial lip), 4 - anterior surface of the body of the femur. Attachment: lig. patella, which attaches to tuberositas tibiae. Function: flexes the thigh, straightens the lower leg - 1, straightens the lower leg - 2,3,4. Innervation: n. femoralis. Blood supply: a. femoralis, a. profunda femoris.

Fascia lata

fascia lata, thick, has a tendon structure. In the form of a dense case, it covers the thigh muscles on all sides. It inserts proximally on the iliac crest, inguinal ligament, pubic symphysis and ischium. On the posterior surface of the lower limb it connects to the gluteal fascia.

In the upper third the anterior region of the thigh, within the femoral triangle, the fascia lata of the thigh consists of two records- deep and superficial. The deep plate covering the pectineus muscle and the distal iliopsoas muscle in front is called the iliopectineal fascia.

Behind the inguinal ligament there are muscular and vascular lacunae, which are separated iliopectineal arch,arcus iliopectineus.

The arc extends from the inguinal ligament to the iliopubic eminence.

Muscle lacuna

lacuna muscutorum, located lateral to this arch, limited anteriorly and superiorly by the inguinal ligament, posteriorly by the ilium, and on the medial side by the iliopectineal arch. Through the muscle lacuna, the iliopsoas muscle exits from the pelvic cavity into the anterior region of the thigh along with the femoral nerve.

Vascular lacuna

lacuna vasorum located medial to the iliopectineal arch; it is limited in front and above by the inguinal ligament, behind and below by the pectineal ligament, on the lateral side by the iliopectineal arch, and on the medial side by the lacunar ligament. The femoral artery and vein and lymphatic vessels pass through the vascular lacuna.

The space between the inguinal ligament and the pubic and ilium bones is divided by the iliopectineal arch (ligament) into gaps - medially located vascular And lateral - muscular. Femoral vessels pass through the vascular lacuna: vein, artery, efferent lymphatic vessels. The femoral nerve and the iliopsoas muscle pass through the muscle lacuna.

adductor channel,canalis adductorius Femoropopliteal (adductor) canal.

The channel is formed by the following structures:

· medial wall - adductor magnus muscle;

· lateral- vastus medialis muscle;

· front - fibrous plate (lamina vastoadductoria) - from a deep layer of fascia lata, stretched between the above muscles.

Input (top) the opening of the canal lies under the sartorius muscle, output (lower) located in the popliteal fossa in the form of a gap in the adductor magnus tendon; the anterior opening is located in the fibrous plate (vastoadductor) at the level of the lower third of the thigh. The lower opening (exit from the canal) opens into the popliteal fossa.

The femoral artery, vein, greater hidden nerve pass through the iliopectineal, femoral grooves and the adductor canal, and the hidden nerve and the branch of the femoral artery - the descending knee - leave the canal through the anterior opening.

No. 47 Femoral canal, its walls and rings (deep and subcutaneous). Practical significance. Subcutaneous fissure (“oval” fossa).

femoral canal,canalisfemoralis, is formed in the area of ​​the femoral triangle during the development of a femoral hernia. This is a short section medial to the femoral vein, it extends from the femoral (internal) ring of this canal to the saphenous fissure, which, in the presence of a hernia, becomes the external opening of the canal.

Inner femoral ring (subcutaneous),anulusfemoralis, located in the medial part of the vascular lacuna. It is bounded anteriorly by the inguinal ligament, posteriorly by the pectineal ligament, medially by the lacunar ligament, and laterally by the femoral vein. From the side of the abdominal cavity, the femoral ring is closed by a section of loosened transverse fascia of the abdomen - the femoral septum, septumfemorale.

At the femoral canal there is three walls : anterior, lateral and posterior. The anterior wall of the canal is the inguinal ligament and the superior horn of the falciform edge of the lata fascia of the thigh, fused with it. The lateral wall is formed by the femoral vein, and the posterior wall is formed by a deep plate of fascia lata covering the pectineus muscle.

deep ring The femoral canal is located in the medial part of the vascular lacuna under the inguinal ligament and is limited to:

· above– the inguinal ligament at the place of its attachment to the pubic tubercle and symphysis;

· from below– the pubic crest and the pectineal ligament covering it;

· medially– lacunar ligament, filling the inner corner of the vascular lacuna;

· laterally- wall of the femoral vein.

The diameter of the ring does not exceed 1 cm, it is filled with a connective tissue membrane; belonging to the lata fascia of the thigh. The ring often contains a deep lymph node. On the side of the abdominal cavity, the parietal peritoneum is adjacent to the deep ring, forming a small depression - femoral fossa.

Subcutaneous fissure (surface ring)can be easily palpated in the form fossa oval, which is found in the anterior region of the thigh (femoral triangle) 5-7 cm below the inguinal ligament. A superficial lymph node is palpable next to it.

In practice, a well-palpable inguinal ligament acts as an important clinical and anatomical landmark that allows one to distinguish a femoral hernia from an inguinal hernia, since the femoral hernial sac lies under the inguinal ligament on the thigh, and the inguinal sac lies above the ligament on the anterior abdominal wall.

Around the deep femoral ring, 30% of people have a vascular anomaly, when the obturator artery, starting from the inferior epigastric, is adjacent to the ring from above. In another option, a vascular anastomosis occurs around the ring between the obturator and inferior epigastric arteries. Both options have been known in practice since the Middle Ages as “ crown of death ", which can cause severe bleeding and death of the patient if the operation is performed inappropriately.

No. 48Medial and posterior muscles and fascia of the thigh: their topography.

Biceps femoris, m. biceps femoris: long head – 1, short head – 2. Origin: ischial tuberosity – 1, lateral lip of the linea aspera –2. Attachment: caputfibulae. Function: extends and extends the thigh, rotates it outward - 1, bends the lower leg and - 1.2 rotates it outward.

Semitendinosus muscle, m. semitendinosus. Origin: ischial tuberosity. Insertion: tibial tuberosity. Function: extends, adducts and internally rotates the thigh, stretches the knee joint capsule.

Semimembranosus muscle, m. semimembranalis. Origin: ischial tuberosity. Insertion: medial condyle of the tibia. Function: extends, adducts and internally rotates the thigh.

Thin muscle, m. gracilis. Origin: inferior branch of the pubic bone, near the symphysis. Insertion: fascia of the leg, near the tibial tuberosity. Function: adducts the thigh, flexes the tibia.

Pectineus muscle, m. pectineus. Beginning: upper branch of the ridge of the pubis, lig. pubicum superior. Insertion: liniapectiniae of the femur (pectineal line). Function: adduct the thigh, bend it.

Adductor longus muscle, m. adductor longus. Origin: near the pubic symphysis. Attachment: medial lip, linia aspera. Function: adducts and flexes the hip.

Adductor brevis muscle, m. adductor brevis. Origin: inferior branch of the pubic bone. Insertion: medial linea aspera. Function: adducts, flexes and externally rotates the thigh.

Adductor magnus muscle, m. adductor magnus. Origin: branches of the pubic and ischial bones. Attachment: medial lip, linia aspera. Function: adducts and flexes the hip.

Fascia lata of the thigh,fascialata has a tendon structure. In the form of a dense case, it covers the thigh muscles on all sides. It inserts proximally on the iliac crest, inguinal ligament, pubic symphysis and ischium. On the posterior surface of the lower limb it connects to the gluteal fascia.

In the upper third of the anterior region of the thigh, within the femoral triangle, the fascia lata of the thigh consists of two records- deep and superficial. The deep plate covering the pectineus muscle and the distal iliopsoas muscle in front is called the iliopectineal fascia.

The superficial plate of the fascia lata immediately below the inguinal ligament has an oval, thinned area called the subcutaneous fissure, hiatussaphenus through which the great saphenous vein of the leg passes and flows into the femoral vein. From the fascia lata deep into the femur, dense plates extend that separate groups of thigh muscles - the lateral and medial intermuscular septa of the thigh. They participate in the formation of osteofascial containers for these muscle groups.

Lateral intermuscular septum of the thigh, septumintermuscularefemorislaterale, separating the quadriceps femoris muscle from the posterior thigh muscle group. Medial intermuscular septum of the thigh, septumintermuscularefemorismediale, separates the quadriceps femoris muscle from the adductor muscles.

The fascia lata forms fascial sheaths for the tensor fascia lata, sartorius muscle, and gracilis muscle.

No. 49Muscles and fascia of the leg and foot. Their topography and functions.

Shin.

Anterior tibial, m. tibialis anterior. Beginning: lateral surface of the tibiae, interosseous membrane. Insertion: medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal bones. Function: extends the foot, raises its medial edge.

Extensor digitorum longus, m. extensor digitirum longus. Beginning: lateral condyle of the femur, fibula, interosseous membrane. Attachment: foot. Function: extends the toes and foot, raises the lateral edge of the foot.

Extensor hallucis longus, m. extensor hallucis longus. Beginning: interosseous membrane, fibula. Attachment: nail phalanx of the 1st finger. Function: breaks the foot and big toe.

Triceps surae muscle, m. triceps surae: Gastrocnemius muscle, m. gastrocnemius: lateral head (1), medial head (2), Soleus muscle, (3) m. soleus. Origin: above the lateral condyle of the femur (1), above the medial condyle of the femur (2), head and upper third of the posterior surface of the fibula (3). Attachment: tendocalcaneus (calcaneal, Achilles tendon), calcaneal tubercle. Function: flexes the lower leg and foot and supinates it - 1,2, flexes and supinates the foot - 3.

Plantar, m. plantaris Origin: above the lateral condyle of the femur. Insertion: calcaneal tendon. Function: stretches the knee joint capsule, flexes the lower leg and foot.

Hamstring muscle, m. popliteus. Origin: outer surface of the lateral femoral condyle. Insertion: posterior surface of the tibia. Function: bends the lower leg, turning it outward, stretches the capsule of the knee joint.

Flexor digitorum longus, m. flexor digitorum longus. Origin: tibia. Attachment: distal phalanges of 2-5 fingers. Function: flexes and supinates the foot, bends the toes.

Flexor hallucis longus, m. flexor hallucis longus. Origin: fibula. Insertion: distal phalanx of the thumb. Function: flexes and supinates the foot, flexes the big toe.

Tibialis posterior muscle, m. tibialis posterior. Beginning: tibia, fibia, interosseous membrane. Attachment: foot. Function: flexes and supinates the foot.

Peroneus longus muscle, m. fibularis longus. Beginning: fibula. Attachment: foot. Function: flexes and pronates the foot.

Peroneus brevis muscle, m. fibularis brevis. Beginning: distal 2/3 fibulae. Insertion: tuberosity of the 5th metacarpal bone. Function: flexes and pronates the foot.

Fascia of the leg, fasciacruris, fuses with the periosteum of the anterior edge and medial surface of the tibia, covers the outside of the anterior, lateral and posterior groups of muscles of the leg in the form of a dense case, from which intermuscular septa extend.

Foot.

Extensor carpi brevis m. extensordigitorumbrevis. Origin: anterior parts of the upper lateral surface of the calcaneus. Attachment: base of middle and distal phalanges. Function: straightens the toes.

Extensor hallucis brevis, m. extensorhallucisbrevis. Origin: upper surface of the calcaneus. Insertion: dorsum of the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe. Function: extends the big toe.

Abductor hallucis muscle, m. abductorhallucis. Beginning: calcaneal tubercle, inferior flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis. Insertion: medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe. Function: moves the big toe away from the midline of the sole.

Flexor hallucis brevis, m. flexorhallucisbrevis. Origin: medial side of the plantar surface of the cuboid bone, sphenoid bones, ligaments on the sole of the foot. Insertion: sesamoid bone, proximal phalanx of the thumb. Function: flexes the big toe.

Adductor hallucis muscle, m. adductorhallucis. Beginning: oblique head - cuboid bone, lateral sphenoid bone, bases of the II, III, IV metatarsal bones, tendons of the peroneus longus muscle. Transverse head – capsules of the metatarsophalangeal joints of the III-V fingers. Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe, lateral sesamoid bone. Function: brings the big toe to the midline of the foot, flexes the big toe.

Abductor of the little toe muscle, m. abductordigitiminimi. Beginning: plantar surface of the calcaneal tubercle, tuberosity of the V lusna bone, plantar aponeurosis. Insertion: lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the little finger. Function: flexes the prosimal phalanx.

Flexor digiti brevis, m. flexordigitiminimibrevis. Origin: medial side of the plantar surface of the fifth metatarsal bone, peroneus longus tendon sheath, long plantar ligament. Insertion: proximal phalanx of the little finger. Function: bends the little finger.

Opponus little finger muscle, m. opponensdigitiminimi. Origin: long plantar ligament. Attachment: V metatarsal bone. Function: strengthens the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot.

Flexor digitorum brevis, m. flexordigitorumbrevis. Beginning: anterior part of the calcaneal tubercle, plantar aponeurosis. Function: bends II-V fingers.

Vermiform muscles,mm. lumbricales. Origin: surfaces of the flexor digitorum longus tendons. Function: flexes the proximal and extends the sternal and distal phalanges of the II-V fingers.

Plantar interosseous muscles, m. interosseiplantares. Beginning: base and medial surface of the bodies of the III-V metatarsal bones. Attachment: medial surface of the proximal phalanges of the III-V toes. Function: bring the III-V fingers to the digger, bend the proximal phalanges of these fingers.

Dorsal interosseous muscles,mm. interosseidorsales. Origin: surfaces of the metatarsals. Insertion: base of proximal phalanges, extensor digitorum longus tendon. Function: abducts the toes, flexes the proximal phalanges.

Topic content:

Topography of the lower limb. Muscular and vascular lacuna. Adductor channel. Femoral canal

Channels and openings containing blood vessels and nerves. Through foramen ischiadicum majus passes m. piriformis, above and below which there are gaps, foramen suprapiriforme and foramen infrapiriforme; gluteal vessels and nerves pass through them.

Sulcus obturatorius pubic bone, supplemented below by the obturator membrane, turns into a canal, canalis obturatorius, through which the homonymous vessels and nerve pass.

Spreads over the pelvic bone from the spina iliaca anterior superior to the tuberculum pubicum lig. inguinal, which thus limits the space between the named bone and ligament. The fascia iliaca passing through this space in its lateral section fuses with lig. inguinal, and in the medial part it departs from it, thickens and attaches to the eminentia iliopubica.

This thickened stripe of fasciae iliacae in the area between lig. inguinale and eminentia iliopubica are artificially isolated under the name arcus iliopectineus.

Arcus iliopectineus divides the entire space under the inguinal ligament into two lacunae: lateral, muscular, lacuna musculorum, where lies m. iliopsoas with n. femoralis, and medial, vascular, lacuna vasorum, through which the femoral artery and vein pass (the latter medially).

From lacuna vasorum the vessels pass to the thigh, lower leg and foot. Vessels and nerves run in grooves that turn into canals and open back into grooves. The following grooves and channels are distinguished.

Sulcus iliopectineus, into which it goes lacuna vasorum, lies between m. iliopsoas (lateral) and m. pectineus (medially), and then continues in turn into the sulcus femoralis anterior; the latter is formed by m. vastus medialis (lateral) and mm. adductores longus et magnus (medially).

Both furrows lie in femoral triangle, trigonum femorale, limited lig. inguinale (above - the base of the triangle), m. sartorius (lateral) and m. adductor longus (medially). The bottom of the triangle, called fossa iliopectinea, is formed by mm. iliopsoas et pectineus.

At the top of this triangle, facing down, sulcus femoralis anterior goes between the muscles, turning into a canal, canalis adductorius, running along the lower third of the thigh into the popliteal fossa. The channel is formed by m. vastus medialis (from the lateral side), m. adductor magnus (on the medial side) and the tendon plate spreading between them, lamina vastoadductoria (in front); its distal opening is the hiatus tendineus (adductorius), formed by the divergence of the m. adductor magnus.

Educational video of the anatomy and topography of the vascular, muscular lacunae of the thigh and their contents

Other video lessons on this topic are:

Adductor canal

Canalis adductorius below it opens into the popliteal fossa, fossa poplitea, which has a diamond shape. The upper corner of the rhombus is formed from the lateral side m. biceps femoris, and with the medial one - tt. semimembranosus et semi-tendinosus, the lower angle is limited by both heads of the so-called gastrocnemius. The bottom of the fossa is formed by the fades poplitea femoris and the posterior wall of the knee joint.

In the popliteal fossa there is fatty tissue with popliteal lymph nodes. From the upper angle to the lower one pass the sciatic nerve (or its two branches into which it splits), as well as the popliteal artery and vein, which lie in this order (if viewed from the surface in depth): nerve, vein, artery.

Begins from the popliteal fossa canalis cruropopliteus, running between the superficial and deep layers of the posterior muscles of the leg and formed mainly by m. tibialis posterior (front) and soleus (back). It contains n. tibialis and a. et v. tibiales posteriores. The branch of this channel corresponds to the path a. regopea is the canalis musculoperoneus inferior, formed by the middle third of the fibulae and mm. flexor hallucis longus et tibialis posterior.

In the upper third of the leg between fibula and m. peroneus longus is located canalis musculoperoneus superior, in which the n. peroneus superficialis. On the sole, corresponding to the course of the plantar vessels and nerves, there are two grooves along the edges of m. flexor digitorum brevis: 1) medial, sulcus plantaris medialis, between the named muscle and the abductor hallucis, and 2) lateral, sulcus plantaris lateralis, between the same flexor and m. abductor digiti minimi.

Femoral canal

Normally, there is a gap in the medial corner of the lacuna vasorum, called the femoral ring, anulus femoralis. The femoral ring is formed on the lateral side by the femoral ring, in front and above by the lig. inguinale, on the medial side - a continuation of the inguinal ligament, lig. lacunare, behind - lig. pectineale; the latter is, as it were, a continuation of lig. lacunare no os pubis.

The gap is completed connective tissue, septum femorale, which is loosened in this place fascia transversalia, and is covered from the outside by a lymph node, and from the side of the abdominal cavity - by the peritoneum, which forms a fossa in this place, fossa femoralis. Femoral hernias can emerge through the femoral ring, more often in women than in men, since in the former, due to the greater width of the pelvis, it is wider than in the latter. During the passage of hernias, the named gap turns into a canal with inlet and outlet openings.

The entrance, or internal, hole is the one described above femoral ring, annulus femoralis. The exit, or external, hole is hiatus saphenus, limited margo falciformis and his cornua superius et inferius. The space between the holes represents the femoral canal, which has 3 walls: the lateral, formed by the femoral vein, the posterior, formed by the deep layer of the fascia lata of the thigh, and the anterior, formed by the lig. inguinale and cornu superius of the crescent-shaped edge of fasciae latae.

The latter, along the hiatus saphenus, is loosened and penetrated by lymphatic vessels and v. saphena magna, as a result of which it takes on the appearance cribriform plate, fascia cribrosa. Loosening of the fascia lata of the thigh in the hiatus saphenus causes the emergence of the femoral hernia in this very place.

Femoral canal anatomy video

Table of contents of the topic "Anterior thigh region. Femoral triangle.":
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Subfascial layer of the anterior thigh

In the subfascial layer of the anterior thigh under the inguinal ligament there are muscular and vascular lacunae, lacuna musculorum And lacuna vasorum.
The muscular lacuna corresponds to the outer 2/3 of the inguinal ligament and is separated from the vascular lacuna by the tendinous iliopectineal arch, arcus iliopectineus, running from the inguinal ligament to the iliopubic eminence, eminentia iliopubica.

Muscle lacuna. Walls of the muscle lacuna

The walls of the muscle lacuna are: front- inguinal ligament, behind- crest of the pubic bone, medially- arcus iliopectineus.

Through muscle lacuna m. extend onto the anterior surface of the thigh. iliopsoas and femoral nerve, n. femoralis (branch of the lumbar plexus).

Rice. 4.5. Muscular and vascular lacunae of the thigh 1 - lig. inguinal; 2 - arcus iliopectineus; 3-m. iliopsoas; 4-n. femoralis; 5 - a femoralis; 6 - v. femoralis; 7 - anulus femoralis; 8 - m. pectineus.

Vascular lacuna. Walls of the vascular lacuna

The walls of the vascular lacuna are: front- inguinal ligament, behind- crest of the pubic bone, laterally- tendon arch, medially- lacunar, or Dzhimbernatova, ligament, lig. lacunare.

Through lacuna vasorum the femoral artery and vein pass through (the vein is located medially, and the artery is located laterally), as well as the femoral branch of the femoral genital nerve.

Femoral artery can be pressed here against the bone to temporarily stop bleeding if it is damaged.

Inward from the vessels (v. femoralis) is located thigh ring, anulus femoralis, which is the deep opening of the femoral canal.

Video lesson on topographic anatomy of the muscular, vascular lacunae and femoral canal

In the pelvis and on the lower limb between the muscles there are a number of canals, pits and grooves through which vessels and nerves pass.

In the pelvic area there are forr. ischiadica majus et minus. The greater sciatic foramen is formed by the greater sciatic notch and the sacrospinous ligament, the lesser foramen is limited by the lesser sciatic notch, lig. sacrospinale et lig. sacrotuberale. The piriformis muscle exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and does not completely fill this opening. Therefore, there are gaps above and below the muscle: forr. supra- et infrapiriforme. Through them, arteries, veins and nerves emerge from the pelvic cavity onto its posterior surface to innervate and supply the gluteal muscles and skin. From the small pelvis the obturator canal (canalis obturatorius) 2-2.5 cm long passes to the thigh. Its walls are limited by the obturator groove of the pubis, the internal and external obturator muscles. Through the canal, the obturator nerve and blood vessels penetrate the medial part of the thigh, innervating and supplying blood to the medial muscles of the pelvis.

In the pelvic cavity there is an iliac fossa, which occupies the inner surface of the iliac wing. The fossa is partially filled with the iliac muscle; in most cases, the cecum with the appendix is ​​located on the right side. Below, the cavity of the greater pelvis communicates with the anterior surface of the thigh through a wide opening, limited in front by the inguinal ligament, stretched between the spina iliaca anterior superior and tuberculum pubicum, and behind by the pelvic bone. This hole is divided by lig. iliopectineum into two parts: lacuna musculorum - laterally and lacuna vasorum - medially. Artery, vein and lymphatic vessels pass through the lacuna vasorum. The femoral canal can form in this space.

Femoral canal. Normally, the femoral canal does not exist; Only in the case of the emergence of internal organs or the greater omentum from the abdominal cavity in the regio subinguinalis does a femoral canal appear, having internal and external openings, with a constant topography. Consequently, in a course of normal anatomy, attention is paid only to the path by which the internal organs can penetrate from the abdominal cavity to the anterior surface of the thigh.

The place where the internal organs from the abdominal cavity enter the canal is called the femoral ring (anulus femoralis); it is limited in front by lig. inguinale, back - f. pectinea, laterally - femoral vein, medially - lig. lacunare (Fig. 203), representing a ligament stretched between the inguinal ligament and the pubic bone. The femoral canal is 2-2.5 cm long and is located between the inguinal ligament, the femoral vein and the fascia covering the pectineus muscle (Fig. 204). The external opening of the femoral canal becomes the hiatus saphenus (see below), which limits the margo falciformis with two legs: cornu superius et inferius. V passes through the hiatus saphenus. saphena magna.

203. The inner surface of the anterior wall of the abdomen and pelvis (according to V.P. Vorobyov).
1 - m. transversus abdominis; 2 - f. transversa; 3 - f. iliaca; 4 - m. iliacus; 4 - m. fliacus; 5 - m. psoas major; 6 - a. femoralis; 7 - v. femoralis; 8 - m. obturatorius internus; 9 - lig. lacunare; 10 - anulus femoralis; 11-lig. interfoveolare; 12 - ductus deferens, passing through the inguinal canal; 13 - m. rectus abodominis.

204. Right groin area. Location of the femoral canal.
1 - lig. inguinale: 2 - lig. iliopectineum; 3 - a. femoralis; 4 - v. femoralis; 5 - anulus femoralis; 6 - lig. lacunare; 7 - funiculus spermaticus; 8 - m. iliopsoas; 10 - n. femoralis.

The vascular lacuna (lacuna vasorum) continues to the anterior surface of the thigh, where it passes into the iliopectineal groove (sulcus iliopectineus), which continues into the anterior femoral groove (sulcus femoralis anterior). The first - the iliopectineal groove - is limited by m. pectineus and m. iliopsoas, the second - m. adductor longus et magnus and m. vastus medialis. In the lower third of the thigh, the anterior femoral groove passes into the adductor canal (canalis adductorius) 6-7 cm long, connecting the anterior surface of the thigh with the popliteal fossa. The upper opening of the canal is limited: in front - a thickened fascial plate (lamina vastoadductoria), stretched between m. adductor longus and m. vastus medialis, laterally - m. vastus medialis, medially - m. adductor magnus. The lower opening of the adductor canal (hiatus tendineus) is limited by the tendon ring in the lower part of the m. adductor magnus. The femoral artery passes through the canal into the popliteal fossa, and from the fossa to the thigh - the popliteal vein. Through the upper hole, together with the vessels, n enters. saphenus, which deviates forward in the canal and leaves it through a narrow gap that opens near the medial condyle. Consequently, the canalis adductorius has an upper and two lower openings. If you remove f. lata and f. subinguinalis, then the femoral triangle (trigonum femorale), limited above by lig, will be visible. inguinale, lateral-m. sartorius, medially - m. adductor longus.

On the back of the knee area there is a deep popliteal fossa filled with a large lump of fatty tissue. The popliteal fossa is limited from above by m. biceps femoris and m. semimembranosus, below - two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle. The popliteal fossa communicates below with the ankle-popliteal canal (canalis cruropopliteus). The anterior wall of the canal is limited by the popliteus muscle, and at the rear by the tendinous arch from which m. soleus. The channel runs between m. tibialis posterior and m. soleus, has superior and inferior openings. The upper opening opens into the popliteal fossa, and the lower one is located at the level of the beginning of the tendon m. soleus. Vessels and nerves for the posterior, lateral and anterior muscles of the leg pass through the canal.

The canalis musculoperoneus inferior runs along the middle third of the fibula, limited posteriorly by mm. flexor hallucis longus and tibialis posterior, and in front - the fibula. This canal communicates with the canalis cruropopliteus and a. peronea. In the upper third of the tibia there is a canalis musculoperoneus superior, through which the n. peroneus superficialis. It is located between the fibula and m. peroneus longus.

On the plantar side of the foot, the medial groove (sulcus plantaris medialis) is limited by m. flexor digitorum brevis and m. abductor hallucis; the lateral groove runs between m. flexor digitorum brevis and m. abductor hallucis.

Each groove contains a plantar artery, vein and nerve.