Traditional medicine

Is it possible to have blepharoplasty in the summer? Blepharoplasty is a safe way to tighten and rejuvenate the skin of the eyelids

Eyelid surgery or blepharoplasty is a plastic surgery that allows you to strengthen the muscle tone of the upper or lower eyelid and get rid of excess skin and fatty tissue.

Blepheroplasty helps get rid of fine wrinkles, swelling and bags under the eyes, and can eliminate ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelids). With this procedure, you can eliminate asymmetry, excess skin on the upper and lower eyelids, and tighten the corners of the eyes.

Most often, the need for blepharoplasty of the upper or lower eyelids occurs by the age of 35–40, but it can also appear at an earlier age. Recently, a special type of procedure has become popular - “Asian eye blepharoplasty”. This operation allows you to correct the shape of the eyes and the appearance of the eyelid.

Blepheroplasty of the lower and upper eyelids

Most often, the operation is performed under local anesthesia; at the patient’s request, additional sedatives or general anesthesia are used.

Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is the most common surgery. The essence of its implementation is a surgical incision of the palpebral fold with subsequent removal of adipose tissue and excess skin.

Blepharoplasty of the lower eyelids is a more complex and delicate procedure, which, when performed correctly, has impressive results. During this procedure, an incision is made under the eyelash line.

The operation time does not exceed 1.5–2 hours. After the surgeon’s work is completed, sutures are applied and covered with bandages. After the procedure, the patient, accompanied, can immediately go home.

Transconjunctival blepharoplasty

Transconjunctival blepharoplasty specializes in correcting lower eyelid defects. In this type of procedure, the incision is made not under the eyelash line, but on the inside of the eyelid. When performing transconjunctival blepharoplasty, excess skin is not removed, but the procedure has a number of advantages.

Eliminates swelling under the eyes for a long time;
the procedure is safe and more gentle;
the risk of noticeable scarring is very low;
the recovery period is shorter compared to surgical intervention through the skin of the eyelids;
the likelihood of complications is much lower;
the shape and shape of the eyes does not change;
facial expressions are not disturbed;

Due to the fact that with transconjunctival blepharoplasty access to fatty tissues is somewhat easier, eliminating its excess has significant results.

Indications for transconjunctival blepharoplasty

moderate age-related changes in the middle third of the face and the skin of the lower eyelids;
border between cheek and eyelid;
tear troughs;
"bags under the eyes"

However, transconjunctival blepharoplasty is not suitable for those who have deep wrinkles and excess skin of the lower eyelid. This procedure can be replaced by classic percutaneous blepharoplasty in combination with anti-aging procedures.

Laser blepharoplasty

Laser blepharoplasty is an excellent alternative to classical surgery using surgical instruments. Laser blepharoplasty of the lower and upper eyelids helps get rid of “bags” and hernias under the eyes, sagging skin, deep and fine wrinkles (“crow’s feet”).

There are two types of laser blepharoplasty - traditional and pseudo-blepharoplasty. In the traditional procedure, the operation is performed according to the same principle as classic blepharoplasty, with only one difference: surgical instruments are replaced with a laser. In the second case, the laser affects only the surface of the skin. Using laser pseudo-blepharoplasty, you can get rid of the early signs of aging.

The duration of blepharoplasty using a laser ranges from 30 to 90 minutes. The operation is performed mainly under local anesthesia. After the procedure, barely noticeable stitches remain. During surgery, no stitches are visible on the inside of the eyelid.

If local anesthesia was used during the operation, then after 2-3 hours the patient can be accompanied home. When using general anesthesia, you must remain under medical supervision for another 1–3 days.

Advantages of laser blepharoplasty over surgical:

Minor damage to the skin of the eyelid (minor punctures and cuts).
In combination with anti-aging procedures, for example, laser resurfacing, the effectiveness of the procedures increases significantly.
Fewer contraindications.
Shorter rehabilitation period.
Reasonable prices.

Rehabilitation after blepharoplasty

After traditional blepharoplasty with surgery, patients often experience swelling and discomfort in the operated tissues, bruising and dry eyes. Painful closing of the eyelids due to tension and swelling of the skin is considered normal. Only 1–2 months after the operation the eyelids will take on their final appearance.

Recovery period by day

1–3 days. The manifestation of swelling, most often accompanied by bruises. After three days, swelling and bruising begin to decrease.

Day 4 The eyelid with stitches remains slightly swollen with small bruises.

5–6 days. Residual hematomas remain. The removal of stitches is prescribed, after which red scars remain.

7–10 days. Bruising and swelling almost completely disappear.

In the next two to three weeks after surgery, slight asymmetry of the operated eyelids is observed.

Possible complications after blepharoplasty

If blepharoplasty is unsuccessful, complications such as:

Hematomas (accumulation of blood clots under the skin);
Retraction of the lower eyelid does not allow the eyes to close completely;
Heavy bleeding in the first few hours after surgery, less often after 3–5 days;
Dehiscence of seams;
Increased lacrimation.

How to reduce the risk of complications

The first and main criterion that will help you avoid complications after blepharoplasty is choosing a competent specialist. And to avoid problems in the postoperative period, you must follow all the doctor’s recommendations.

After the operation, special sterile dressings are applied to the incision lines, secured with adhesive tape, and removed after 3 days. The sutures are treated with antiseptic ointment, which may cause temporary visual impairment.
The occurrence of hematomas can be prevented by applying cold compresses during the day after the procedure.
For pain relief, only medications prescribed by a doctor are taken.
To avoid dry eyes, use eye drops for 2-3 days after surgery.
After removing the stitches, it is not recommended to strain your eyes. Excessive tension can cause bleeding and bruising, as well as changes in the shape of the incisions.
In the first two weeks you should stop using contact lenses.
Avoid sudden turns and tilts of the head.
Do not take a hot shower or bath.
From the 15th day, perform special gymnastics that relieve discomfort and stimulate restoration of the tone of the circular muscles.
It is better not to use cosmetics for 1–2 months to avoid allergic reactions.
In the first 3-4 months, it is necessary to limit the consumption of water and salt.

After 1.5–2 months, a scar forms at the site of the incisions and swelling disappears. The result of the operation can be assessed after 2–10 months. If during the rehabilitation period (2–4 months after surgery) the patient follows all the doctor’s recommendations, the effect of the operation will last for 8–10 years.

Many people feel more comfortable when they manage to plan out the most important tasks and activities. Therefore, many begin to think about what time of year it is better to do it in order to protect themselves as much as possible from side effects.

Which season is preferable and why?

Why is so much attention sometimes paid to the time of year in which eyelid surgery is performed? It's all about the effects of direct sunlight on postoperative sutures. After prolonged direct exposure to ultraviolet radiation on a fresh blepharoplasty scar, there is a high risk of pigmentation appearing in this area. Therefore, it is recommended to protect this area from direct sun rays for 3-4 months after plastic surgery. And remember, any scar that is still a little reddish may become hyperpigmented after exposure to direct sunlight.

If you cannot resist tanning in spring and summer, then do not plan eyelid surgery for this period. Choose a time when it is easier and more convenient to avoid direct sunlight. Seasons of the year such as autumn and winter will be the correct answer to the question of what time of year is best to do blepharoplasty. Fall and winter have the shortest daylight hours, so your chances of being exposed to the sun's ultraviolet rays for long periods of time are much lower. However, even if you have planned surgery for these seasons, remember that short daylight hours will still not relieve you of the need to protect your eyes with sunglasses and special creams.

Is it possible to have eyelid surgery in summer and spring?

Plastic surgery in the autumn and winter is not a mandatory recommendation, so you should not worry too much about what time of year it is better to have blepharoplasty if it is more convenient for you to contact a specialist in some summer or spring month. It will be much more important to follow all the recommendations for the care of postoperative sutures that your plastic surgeon will give. Using sunscreens with powerful ultraviolet filters, wearing hats with a good visor or wide brim, and an equally stylish accessory - sunglasses - all this will help you provide conditions for quickly and completely smoothing out the marks after eyelid surgery. In addition, in the summer it is so easy and absolutely natural to constantly wear glasses after surgery, compared to other times of the year.

If the answer to the question: What is the best time of year to do blepharoplasty was useful for you and you would like to become more familiar with the features of the operation and see examples of the work of a plastic surgeon, then you can do this simply by clicking on the link: .

Upper blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure aimed at correcting the upper eyelids. This type of intervention allows you to eliminate age-related and aesthetic deficiencies. As a result of upper eyelid blepharoplasty, the look becomes more open, and a long-lasting and pronounced lifting effect is achieved. During the operation, the incision is made along natural folds. At the same time, during blepharoplasty of the upper eyelids, the optic nerve is not affected, and the scars after rehabilitation are almost invisible.

Types of upper eyelid blepharoplasty

Depending on the indications and the desired effect, there are several types of surgical intervention. One of the varieties is anchor blepharoplasty. During the plastic surgery process, a dynamic direct connection between the tendon and the skin of the upper eyelid is created. This type of operation is the most gentle.

Another type of surgery is transconjunctival blepharoplasty of the upper eyelids. It allows you to get rid of a number of aesthetic defects:

bags under the eyes;
drooping eyelid;
hernias;
deep wrinkles;
congenital and acquired defects in the eyelid area.

This technique is characterized by a persistent effect, minimal trauma and an almost complete absence of contraindications.

Circular blepharoplasty is sometimes used. It involves simultaneous correction of the lower and upper eyelids.

How is upper eyelid blepharoplasty performed?

Blepharoplasty is a serious intervention, so before surgery you need to undergo an examination and undergo a number of tests. It is also necessary to consult an ophthalmologist and a plastic surgeon, who will identify the cause of drooping upper eyelid and determine the indications for surgery.

Eyelid surgery is performed under local anesthesia. The operation time ranges from 30 minutes to two hours. The method of performing plastic surgery is determined by the plastic surgeon, taking into account the individual physiological characteristics of the patient.

During the classic type of operation, an incision is made along the natural crease of the upper eyelid. Excess skin and subcutaneous fat are removed. Cosmetic stitches are placed at the incision site so that the scars after upper blepharoplasty are invisible.

Sometimes plastic surgery to correct drooping eyelids is performed in combination with forehead skin tightening. This technique allows you to further raise the eyebrow and change its outer “tail”.

Rehabilitation after upper blepharoplasty

Most often, immediately after surgery, a special pressure bandage is applied to the eyes for 2-3 hours, which prevents the development of edema. Also, to relieve puffiness, cooled gel pads are applied to the eyelids. Swelling after upper eyelid blepharoplasty can persist for up to 7 days. Not all patients have hematomas. They usually resolve within a week after surgery.

In some cases, tearing occurs during the recovery period after upper eyelid blepharoplasty.

For the first few days after surgery, the patient should apply an antiseptic cream and use eye drops recommended by the doctor. Also during the rehabilitation period, it is recommended to sleep on your back and avoid exposure to direct sunlight.

To get a more complete impression of recovery after upper eyelid blepharoplasty, on the Omorphia project forum you can read reviews from operated patients, as well as photos before and immediately after surgery.

Results of the operation

The primary result after surgery can be seen after 1-3 months. It is finally formed within a year.

You can clearly compare the effect of upper blepharoplasty on the Omorphia website using photos of patients before and immediately after surgery.

How many years does the effect of upper eyelid blepharoplasty last?

The effect of plastic surgery of the upper eyelids lasts for 5-15 years. Contacting a professional surgeon will help you achieve the desired result, which will last for a long time. This ensures a minimal risk of complications and negative consequences.

Where can I have surgery for free?

You can get qualified advice and have upper eyelid blepharoplasty or lower blepharoplasty performed by doctors with many years of experience completely free of charge in Moscow and St. Petersburg. To do this, you need to register and take part in promotions on the Omorphia website.

Blepharoplasty is a plastic surgery on the eyelids, the purpose of which is to change the shape of the eyelids and the shape of the eyes.

The operation can be performed both on older women to correct age-related changes, and on young women in cases where the folds of the eyelid do not allow the application of makeup or lead to the development of vision problems. A separate category of patients are people with consequences of eyelid injuries or with congenital eyelid defects.

Types of surgery

Classic blepharoplasty

Upper eyelid blepharoplasty;
Lower eyelid blepharoplasty;
Circular blepharoplasty (the lower eyelid and lower eyelid are operated on at the same time);
Transconjunctival blepharoplasty (the incision goes along the mucous membrane of the lower eyelid);
Singaporei (ethnic blepharoplasty);
Laser transconjunctival blepharoplasty;
Canthopexy (an operation aimed at raising the outer corners of the eyes);
Fat-saving blepharoplasty is a way not only to tighten and smooth the skin around the eyes, but to restore youth to it, preserving the individual characteristics of the appearance of the eyelids.

Indications for surgery

Sagging skin of the upper eyelid;
Excess skin in the lower eyelid area;
Correction of unsuccessful eye shape, changing the natural shape of the eyes;
The presence of deep wrinkles in the lower eyelids;
Drooping of the outer corners of the eyes;
Fat bags in the lower and upper eyelids, which create the illusion of a “heavy look”;
The presence of congenital or acquired eyelid defects.

Contraindications

Infectious diseases, chronic diseases of internal organs in the acute stage;
Thyroid diseases;
Increased intraocular pressure;
Severe and complicated forms of diabetes mellitus;
Oncology;
Blood diseases;
Diseases of the cardiovascular system, severe arterial hypertension;
Skin diseases;
Frequent relapses of conjunctivitis;
Constant dry eyes.

Analyzes

General blood test;
General urine test;
Biochemical blood test: ALT, AST, glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, amylase, urea;
Blood type, Rh factor;
Blood test for HIV, viral hepatitis, syphilis;
ECG with interpretation;
Fluorography;
Coagulogram.

Video: Description of blepharoplasty

Preparation for the procedure

Last meal and fluid intake no later than 8 hours before surgery;
The operation is not performed during menstruation, it must be scheduled at least 4 days before the start of menstruation or after its end;
It is necessary to accompany the patient after the operation, so you need to agree in advance with one of your relatives or friends;
Smoking is prohibited before surgery;
A few days before surgery, you must stop taking medications that reduce blood clotting;
Buy ointment after blepharoplasty or Traumeel-S gel, Visin eye drops.

Rehabilitation and recovery

After blepharoplasty surgery, the patient remains in the hospital for 2 to 12 hours. Then he can go home and visit a doctor, who monitors the progress of healing and tissue restoration, first every other day, and then according to indications. In cases where the operation was performed under general anesthesia, the patient spends a day in the clinic.

Immediately after surgery, cold compresses, ice, or chilled gel pads are applied to the eye area. You can open your eyes immediately after blepharoplasty.

The first time you need to visit the doctor two days after the operation to remove the stitches, if self-absorbable suture material was not used. The doctor may prescribe special eye washes and will definitely show you how to use them. Care after blepharoplasty must be carried out in such a way as not to disturb the postoperative wound. Two weeks after surgery you need to follow simple recommendations:

Use antiseptic eye drops for 3 days;
Spend the first three days at home and limit physical activity as much as possible;
Be sure to wear sunglasses;
Sleep with your head elevated, do not lie face down on the pillow;
Perform exercises to accelerate tissue recovery from the second day after surgery;
Before removing the sutures, take a shower and wash your face in such a way as not to touch the operated eyelids;
Do not wear contact lenses;
Do not work in an inclined position;
Stop using decorative cosmetics for 7-10 days;
Do not watch TV, do not work at the computer, do not read.

Photo: lymphatic drainage facial massage

Cosmetic procedures such as lymphatic drainage facial massage, soft peelings, and procedures aimed at moisturizing and lifting the skin can speed up recovery and ease the rehabilitation period. Injections of hyaluronic acid preparations are allowed no earlier than three weeks after surgery. The tissue around the eyes is completely restored in 3-6 weeks. Repeated blepharoplasty is usually needed no earlier than after 10-12 years.

Few resort to repeated surgery, since even several years after the intervention they look younger and better than their peers. Basically, repeated operations are performed only for medical reasons.

Exercises and gymnastics for the eyes after surgery

A special set of exercises, which plastic surgeons advise all clients to perform without exception, allows you to activate the work of the eye muscles, and through the work of the muscles, accelerate blood flow and eliminate lymph stagnation. Performing eye exercises regularly for 2 weeks will eliminate swelling much faster and create optimal conditions for rapid resolution of hematomas.

Do you know that Asian eye surgery (Mongoloid or Oriental incision) is performed under local anesthesia with light sedation? Read more in the article. Find out how laser can eliminate the presence of fatty hernias in the eyelid area, and how laser blepharoplasty of the lower eyelids is performed at this link.

Complications and side effects

Swelling of the eyelids, which causes a feeling of discomfort, heavy eyelids;
Dry eyes;
Hematomas in the area of the operated eyelids;
Increased sensitivity to light, blurred vision, which goes away within a month;
Scars at the site of skin incisions, which usually resolve within 2-3 months;
Bruising on the whites of the eyes may appear during or after surgery; they usually go away on their own;
Bleeding from the wound can occur both during surgery and for several days after it;
Suture dehiscence after surgery;
Infection of a postoperative wound with the development of purulent-inflammatory processes in the skin and subcutaneous tissue;
Impaired healing of a postoperative wound with the formation of a rough scar;
Unsuccessful blepharoplasty with the development of drooping eyelid (blepharoptosis);
Development of glaucoma and blindness in the late postoperative period;
Violation of eye symmetry.

It is worth noting that bruises, swelling and hematomas after blepharoplasty are the lot of all patients. You should be prepared for this. These complications go away on their own if you follow the restrictions required in the postoperative period.

Video: Eyelid surgery

Reasons for possible dissatisfaction with the result of the operation

Psychological

Inflated patient expectations from blepharoplasty without taking into account the possibilities and limitations of this type of surgical intervention. Sometimes, in order to get the result desired by the patient, blepharoplasty is not enough; it needs to be supplemented with either frontal temporal lift or liposuction of the chin area, or other types of plastic surgery on the face.
The patient underestimates the contribution of other age-related changes to the creation of an unaesthetic appearance of the face, such as skin color, the presence of a double chin, “bulldog” cheeks, pronounced wrinkles in the nasolabial area, etc.

Physiological

Unpredictable tissue reaction in the form of delayed healing or, conversely, excessive development of connective tissue with the formation of a dense whitish scar.

Surgical

Sunken eye effect;
Eye asymmetry;
Ectropion of the lower eyelid;
Blepharoptosis.

Unsuccessful blepharoplasty is the result of improper surgical technique or an abnormal tissue response to damage.

Defects can be corrected:

Cosmetic procedures aimed at increasing skin tone and elasticity or accelerating the resorption of excess connective tissue at the healing site;
Repeated corrective surgery, which is performed no earlier than 6 months after blepharoplasty and is performed under local anesthesia.

Care for eyelids after surgery

It is better to entrust the selection of care procedures to a cosmetologist;
Cheap cosmetics for the eye area are not recommended;
It is necessary to cleanse the skin and remove makeup daily, preferably with a special cosmetic milk selected according to the skin type;
It is mandatory to use special serums for the skin of the eyelids under the cream for the skin around the eyes;
Apply the products to the skin around the eyes along the lower eyelid from the outer edge to the inner, along the upper eyelid from the inner to the outer with gentle movements, trying not to move the skin;
You should avoid drinking alcohol and rich salty foods, as swelling in the area around the eyes quickly stretches the skin.

Prices in Moscow for surgery

The cost of blepharoplasty is determined by the qualifications of the surgeon and the complexity of the method of operation he uses, the quality of anesthesia, the number of dressings, and the number of days the patient spent in the hospital.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many times can blepharoplasty be done? Eye blepharoplasty done once does not mean that you will have to repeat it. Repeated surgery may be required 10-12 years after the first.

How long does it take to heal? The recovery period after surgery usually takes 3-6 weeks. Usually during this time the swelling subsides, the hematomas disappear, and scars may remain at the site of the healed incisions, which disappear over time.

Is the operation painful? What method of pain relief is used? Depending on the patient’s mood and what kind of blepharoplasty will be performed, anesthesia can be used at the discretion of the anesthesiologist. In most cases, cosmetic surgery is performed under local anesthesia and is absolutely painless.

Will scars or welts be visible? Sutures and scars after blepharoplasty completely resolve approximately 2-3 months after the operation.

At what age can surgery be performed? For blepharoplasty, age is not important; the presence of indications and contraindications for eyelid surgery is important.

Is there an alternative? Eat. This is a non-surgical laser blepharoplasty, in which excess fatty tissue is removed under the influence of laser radiation without damaging the skin. I developed a lump after blepharoplasty in the area of the postoperative scar. What to do? The surgeon who performed your operation can determine the cause of the lump after an examination. The most common cause of compaction is the excessive development of connective tissue at the site of the former incision. Typically, the scar becomes softer over time and gradually dissolves. In such cases, physiotherapy helps to speed up the removal of the compaction.

How often does surgery cause vision complications? Extremely rare. Some patients may experience a short-term decrease in visual acuity and photophobia, which goes away without treatment within a few weeks.

How soon can I start working after surgery? It depends on what your job is, since blepharoplasty imposes restrictions on the rehabilitation period. Based on how you feel, you can start working within 2-3 days after the operation, but heavy physical labor, bending work or computer work will be available to you at least 2 weeks after the intervention.

How is the operation performed and how long does it take? General anesthesia, local anesthesia, or intravenous sedation may be used for pain relief. After the anesthesia has taken effect, incisions are made in the skin of the eyelids so that they are then located in the natural folds of the skin around the eyes. The operation on the upper eyelid lasts about half an hour, on the lower eyelids 40-60 minutes. Circular blepharoplasty usually takes one and a half to two hours. Skin incisions can be closed with non-absorbable or absorbable sutures, special medical-grade skin adhesive, or surgical tape. Some clinics leave the patient in the hospital for a day after surgery in order to monitor the course of the early postoperative period. Most often, such observation is indicated after the operation is performed under general anesthesia. What clinical examination should be completed before surgery?

Consultation with a doctor who:
- will collect a complete medical history (what diseases, injuries, surgeries you had in the past, what chronic diseases you currently have, visual acuity, allergic reactions, drug intolerance);
- determine the condition of the eyelid skin, the presence of fat, indications and contraindications for surgery;
- will explain the possible outcomes of the operation and what results can be expected after blepharoplasty.
Blood tests, urine tests, ECG, fluorography.

Wrinkles under the eyes give women a lot of annoying sensations. Read more about what exists. I wonder what is the difference between Threadlifting with 3D mesothreads and the well-known rejuvenation technique with gold threads? Follow this link. Did you know that when using decorative cosmetics, allergic swelling under the eyes can occur, which can cause serious harm? .

Photos before and after eyelid blepharoplasty

Made by Osin Maxim http://www.doctor-osin.ru/

Made by Osin Maxim http://www.doctor-osin.ru/

Made by Osin Maxim http://www.doctor-osin.ru/
Made by Osin Maxim http://www.doctor-osin.ru/

Which celebrities have had blepharoplasty?

Blepharoplasty is one of the aesthetic surgical interventions that improve the appearance of the eyelids. This operation is performed upon reaching the age of 18, or, if there are complex pathologies associated with the eye and eyelid area, eyelid surgery can be performed before adulthood. Usually there must be at least one compelling reason for such an operation.

Indications for blepharoplasty and intervention techniques are determined by the patient’s skin condition and the nature of the fatty formations that are located under the skin on the lower and upper eyelids.

Blepharoplasty

Selection of eyelid correction method and combination with other operations

Based on the degree of pathological or age-related changes in the eye and eyelid area, the surgeon selects the most appropriate method for correcting the eyelid area in each individual case. Sometimes blepharoplasty can be performed not only on the lower and upper eyelids at the same time, but also in combination with other types of surgery, for example, lifting the midface and forehead. This combination will make the patient’s rejuvenation more effective.

The connection between age and blepharoplasty

The main age segment of people seeking help from eyelid surgery, begins at the age of 35, when signs of aging become clearly visible on the thin and vulnerable skin of the eyelids. Of course, if necessary, such an operation is also performed for fairly young people.

It happens that at a young age, swelling occurs in the lower eyelid area if there is congenital excess adipose tissue. In addition, there is a problem that does not depend on age-related changes and is called congenital ptosis in the upper eyelid.

For example, if a young patient is concerned about the skin in the lower eyelid area, characterized by a pronounced loss of elasticity and firmness, if excess skin has not yet appeared around it, transconjunctival blepharoplasty is ideal for eliminating such problems.

The role of blepharoplasty for VIPs

Of course, the vast majority of people seeking blepharoplasty are women of mature age and older. However, sometimes representatives of the stronger sex also seek the help of a plastic surgeon in the eyelid area. Problems in the eyelid area begin to seriously bother men no earlier than 40-45 years old, especially for public figures and leadership positions, because such men simply need to look respectable, well-groomed and impressive, and age-related changes can radically change the appearance of a significant person, putting his career growth and well-being are in question.