Traditional medicine

Microbial dermatitis treatment. Microbial eczema Bacterial eczema treatment

Eczema refers to inflammatory diseases of the skin that are not transmitted from person to person, being completely non-contagious. As a rule, eczema is presented in a chronic form with temporary exacerbations.

The medical history of this disease can be hereditary or allergic, and it can develop under the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors. Also, the culprits that provoke eczema include neuroendocrine, immunological and psycho-vegetative disorders.

Microbial eczema, the treatment and symptoms of which we will consider today, most often occurs in humans with weakened immune defenses. With a low level of immunity, the body becomes more susceptible to pathogens that enter it.

We are primarily talking about such common pathogens as staphylococci and streptococci.

Etiology and pathogenesis

Why does microbial eczema occur, and what is it? This disease is classified as a secondary pathology, since it develops against the background of an existing disease. Depending on the cause of its appearance, eczema is divided into several types:

Sycosiform - observed in people with inflamed hair follicles. Weeping, inflamed, itchy red patches form on the skin. Localized in the chin, upper lip, armpits, and genitals.
Varicose veins - develops on the legs in advanced cases.
Nummular - has round-shaped lesions, with a diameter of 1 to 3 cm, with serous-purulent crusts. Most often it appears on the hands.
Mitotic - appears when present.
Paratraumatic– develops around a long-standing injury, especially long-term non-healing wounds.
Nipple eczema - occurs in women during breastfeeding, as well as against the background of scabies. It is characterized by the appearance of red, inflamed spots around the nipple that become very wet.

The appearance of eczema may indicate problems with the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, or problems in the humoral regulation of the body. Also, with the disease, dysgammaglobulinemia, a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes, and an increase in the number of B-lymphocytes are observed. These symptoms mean that the true cause of the disease is immune deficiency.

Risk factors

People at risk include:

under stress;
with digestive problems;
with disorders of the endocrine system;
with weak immunity;
with manifestations of allergic diathesis;
with allergic diseases;
with low levels of personal hygiene.

It should be noted that in the pathogenesis and initiation of the disease it is the latter factor that plays a huge role. In most cases, the lesions are localized on the legs and arms due to high sweating and poor hygiene in these places.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of microbial eczema include inflammatory lesions of the skin, accompanied by various rashes (papules or vesicles), as well as weeping erosion. The rash is usually accompanied by severe itching.

The lesions have large scalloped edges and merge over time, leaving no healthy skin in the affected area. A large number of purulent crusts are concentrated on the surface of the foci of inflammation of microbial eczema.

Improper treatment of microbial eczema or traumatic effects on the affected areas can lead to the appearance of secondary allergic rashes. Such rashes are characterized by polymorphism and are represented by red-edematous spots, vesicles, pustules and papules.

As the process progresses, these rashes merge, forming areas of weeping erosions, and spread to previously healthy areas of the skin. Thus, microbial eczema is transformed into true eczema.

Microbial eczema: photo

We suggest you look at the pictures to see what this disease looks like in the photo.

Treatment of microbial eczema

When microbial eczema is discovered, the main task of treatment involves maintaining the body as a whole, because eczema, as a rule, has a chronic course, so it is very rarely possible to completely get rid of it.

Treatment of microbial eczema on the legs or arms depends on the medical history and the results of the tests performed. It is aimed primarily at treating the underlying pathology and affecting the chronic focus of inflammation.

Depending on the causes of the disease, it is necessary to treat fungal skin lesions, pyoderma, sycosis or other relevant pathology. In the case of varicose microbial eczema, treatment includes taking medications to improve blood circulation.

Careful personal hygiene, but avoiding prolonged contact with water of skin areas with microbial eczema.
Avoiding overheating of the body, as well as injury to the affected area.
Elimination of foci of chronic infection.
Wearing underwear made from natural fabrics.
The diet is predominantly dairy-vegetable, supplemented with meat dishes, cereals, and fruits, with the exception of citrus fruits. Limit intake of liquids, alcohol, canned and spicy foods.
For varicose forms of microbial eczema, wear thick rubber stockings or bandage your legs, treat varicose veins.

In addition, treatment includes taking sedatives, antiseptic and antibacterial agents.

Local therapy

At home, you can use local treatment for microbial eczema on the hands or feet, it is as follows:

Lotions are made from lead water, as well as a 1% resorcinol solution, treated with Castellani liquid.
When eczema is caused by a bacterial pathogen, ointments containing antibiotics are used, for example, Bactroban, Dettol.
If the areas of inflammation have minor weeping spots, medications containing tar and naphthalene ointment are used.
In the case of a fungal pathogen, antifungal ointments are used, for example, Exoderil, Lotseril.

In more severe forms of the disease, it is necessary to use conventional therapy using hydrocortisone ointment and glucocorticosteroids, which will help you stop the relapse. In certain cases, such methods of taking these drugs are used continuously with additional supporting vitamin B and C intramuscularly.

After removing the acute phase and stopping the process, irradiation should be applied to the affected area of the skin with therapeutic ultraviolet light. To consolidate the success of the treatment, therapeutic mud is used. The skin should be protected from exposure to frost, snow, sun, rain, and also covered with aseptic dressings.

Skin diseases, unfortunately, are very common. The same disease can have many varieties. Each type has its own nuances in treatment. Microbial eczema is no exception.

When the skin is weakened due to immune, nervous, or allergic reasons, it is susceptible to a number of diseases. Bacterial pathogens play an important role in the appearance and development of microbial eczema.

Description

One of the varieties of eczema - bacterial or microbial - along with the general characteristics of this disease, has its own distinct characteristics and symptoms.

Eczema is a skin disease of inflammatory nature, which is based on allergic reactions of the body, immune pathologies, and disorders of nervous activity.

The eczemotogenic areas themselves are not contagious, but in this case the risk of infection exists from the bacteria that cause the rash (fungus, staphylococcus).

The disease has an increased recurrence rate. People who have recovered from eczema and are prone to it are at high risk of getting it again.

Bacterial eczema often turns into true eczema if not treated correctly.

The disease is accompanied by a rash (wet or dry), itching, burning, redness and inflammation of the skin. The microbial form is observed as a secondary condition on damaged areas of the skin.

Its causes are associated with bacterial factors. The disease is provoked by damage or primary disease of the epidermis.

Due to weakened immunity and nervous tension, the level of skin protection and the effectiveness of the healing process are reduced.

Weakened areas near wounds, abrasions, and ulcers become infected with microbes, which, with normal immunity, are absolutely harmless to the body.

This provokes a microbial form of the disease. The rash occurs near allergic skin reactions, chafing, chapping, diaper rash, and varicose veins.

Reasons

There are several factors that provoke the disease. They are divided into general ones, characteristic of all types of this disease and inherent specifically in microbial eczema. In all cases, the causes of the disease complement each other.

General:

psychovegetative disorders;
neuroendocrine diseases;
immune disorders.

The following reasons are typical for all types of disease, but in particular they provoke the microbial variety:

high sensitivity to infection and inflammation on the skin;
varicose veins;
skin injuries: abrasions, ulcers, wounds, diaper rash, chafing, frostbite or burns;
fungal infections: mycosis, lymphostasis;
Two groups of pathogens are often observed. First: streptococcal or staphylococcal infection. Second: fungus of the genus Candida.

Symptoms

There are symptoms inherent in all types of disease and characteristic of the bacterial type.

They often develop rapidly. In just a day you can see:

skin redness;
formation of rashes, blisters;
death of the upper thin layer of skin.

Symptoms covering all types:

redness and inflammation of the skin. The very first sign;
itching, burning. They have varying degrees of severity. In most cases they are very pronounced. In severe forms of the disease, they are difficult to endure, just like ordinary pain. Often the discomfort is so severe that the patient cannot sleep. It is in these cases that serious treatment is used, including intravenous injections of special sedatives (calming agents);
rash of several varieties. Dry or wet. In all cases, dead skin (white, yellow) peels off, sometimes reminiscent of psoriasis;
when scratching a wet rash, the top thin layer of skin peels off. Fluid (pus) leaks from the resulting ulcer. This lasts a long time, the wound dries hard;
eczematous areas have clearly defined boundaries and clear geometry;
sometimes, after successful treatment, the areas where there was eczema change color (they become darker) or the skin remains deformed.

Characteristic signs for the bacterial type:

preceded by skin lesions of various types. Develops around pyoderma (purulent) foci: near ulcers, areas of abrasions, fistulas, scratches;
sharply defined segments of inflammation with a dying layer of skin and cells;
in the center of the area there is an accumulation of cavityless elevations (papules) or blisters with serous fluid. Weeping segments and purulent crusts form, the thin top layer of skin peels off easily when touched;
clusters of rash are located next to each other in spaces affected by individual small formations that gradually grow;
asymmetrical shape with uneven edges, coin-shaped or other;
severe burning and itching.

Types of this pathology:

nummular. It is in the form of plaques or coin-shaped. The lesions are round, small in size, clear with intense blood flow, weeping, and swollen. Microbial eczema on the hands is often of this type;
varicose. Accompanied by varicose veins and venous insufficiency. Ulcers sometimes form near diseased veins. An eczematogenous area appears around them with swelling, inflammation and moderate itching;
post-traumatic. Occurs as a consequence of disturbances in wound healing after operations and injuries;
sycosiform. Reminds me of seborrheic. It is observed in patients with inflamed hair follicles. It has weeping, itchy red lesions. Location: Where hair grows, including the chin and upper lip in men. As it progresses, it spreads to other areas with hair;
papillary. In nursing women or patients with scabies. Weeping cracks form around the nipple and on it.

Video: Nuances of the disease

Localization

The arms and legs are the areas where eczematogenous sites most often occur. It is difficult to keep the limbs calm and constantly keep them in sterile conditions. Together, these factors provoke the development of the disease.

In your arms

chemicals;
paints;
varnishes;
irritants;
allergens.

Hands should be kept warm and not subjected to hypothermia or sudden changes in temperature conditions or chapping.

If microbial eczema on the hands occurs on the lower parts of the extremities and it is difficult to completely isolate the skin from irritants, you need to treat the skin with disinfectant creams immediately after contact with them.

It is advisable to work with protective gloves. Jewelry on fingers and hands should be removed.

There are special creams against itching:

Dermovate;
Advantan.

Water provokes the development of the disease, so contact with it should be minimized. The skin is disinfected with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, boric acid or alcohol.

Hands are washed with hypoallergenic hygiene products, neutral soap is chosen, herbal lotions (celandine) and drying ointments (zinc) are allowed.

They make lotions from calendula and aloe. Drying powders are used, for example a composition of zinc oxide (30 g), menthol (2 g), wheat starch (50 g), sulfur color (5 g).

On my feet

The same products are used for the legs as for the arms. If microbial eczema on the legs is accompanied by varicose veins, therapy is combined with wearing special compressor hosiery and drugs to tone the blood flow.

Legs should not be loaded. When walking or excessive exercise, swelling may appear and inflammation may increase.

If the rash is located on the lower parts of the extremities, shoes should be well ventilated, socks should be worn only from natural fabrics. At night, it is recommended to apply lotions, powders and sleep with your feet on a hill.

Diagnostics

If microbial eczema is suspected, a bacteriological examination is carried out first. The test material is scraped off from diseased areas of the skin.

As a rule, microscopy reveals mycosis (fungus) cells, and when placed in an appropriate environment in the laboratory, bacterial pathogens are detected.

The diagnostic task in the described case is to accurately determine the type of organism that is the cause of the microbial rash. This will help to use exactly those drugs to which the pathogen is sensitive.

In acute forms of the disease, histological studies of biomaterial from the subcutaneous layers of rash lesions are carried out.

This determines the degree of penetration of the infection into the tissue, the level of plasma cells and other cells in the infiltrate.

Visual inspection reveals:

swelling;
localization;
characteristic external manifestations.

Sometimes a differential diagnosis is made with signs of psoriasis, other types of eczema, and dermatitis.

The microbial form of the disease often develops into true eczema.

In all cases, the doctor may prescribe:

general tests;
studies of immunoglobulin levels;
lymphocytes.

Treatment of microbial eczema

Complexity is an important characteristic of therapy. Its components: drugs externally or intravenously, systemic agents, diet therapy, hygienic measures.

External

External treatment includes:

lotions;
ointments;
creams;
antiseptic solutions;
talkers.

The main attention is paid to drugs with pronounced antibacterial properties.

If it is established which bacterium is the cause of the disease, they use exactly the means that destroy it. Use highly targeted drugs and ointments with a general anti-inflammatory effect.

Common external remedies:

lotions with resorcinol (1%), lead water;
treatment with Castellani liquid, “green paint” (diluted), in acute cases - solutions of aniline dyes;
naphthalene, ichthyol ointment, tar preparations are used for slight weeping;
antibiotic ointments for a specific pathogen: bactroban, drapoen, dettol;
antifungal ointments, if the corresponding etiology is identified (exodril, bifonazole);
for acute manifestations - corticosteroids (elocom, advantan, celestoderm);
for a large area of damage, calceneurin inhibitors are used: pimecrolimus, tacrolimus. They reduce itching and inflammation;
Antiseptics in the form of sprays relieve itching and irritation well: ingalipt, Libyan, cameton.

In particularly severe cases, systemic treatment is used:

antibiotics: ampicillin, cefazolin, doxycycline;
antimycotics (fluconazole), if a fungal pathogen is present;
during exacerbation: corticosteroids for systemic use (triamcilone, prednisolone) or cytostatic agents (methotrexate, cyclosporine);
medications for desensitization, antihistamines: lorotadine, suprastin, diazolin;
intravenously: calcium chloride, sodium thiosulfate;
sedatives or hypnotics (valerian, motherwort, bromine).

For this type of eczema, corticosteroid ointments and hormonal medications are used less frequently if the initial treatment of the bacterial infection with antibiotics is correct.

General

avoiding overheating or frostbite;
It is forbidden to subject the damaged area to stress, much less injury;
regular hygiene (rinsing with antiseptic agents, solutions);
avoiding prolonged contact with moisture in eczematogenous areas;
clothing made from natural fabrics;
for varicose veins - appropriate compression garments, leg bandaging and vein treatment;
diet. The diet is dairy-vegetable with cereals and the addition of boiled meat. Add more fiber, greens, fruits and vegetables, except for spicy, citrus and irritating ones (pepper, garlic, onions). Spicy, smoked, pickled, canned foods are prohibited;
fluid intake is limited, alcohol is prohibited;
vitamin therapy (vitamins A, B, D, calcium, zinc);
eliminate stress, nervous tension and strong physical exertion, leading to exhaustion.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic methods are especially effective together with proper diet and vitamin therapy.

The following treatment procedures are used:

magnetic therapy;
ultraviolet irradiation;
laser and ozone therapy.

In addition to the healing effect, these methods contribute to the disappearance of traces of the rash.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies are used as an addition to main therapy.

The following remedies are used locally on diseased areas or internally:

lotions from herbs or plants: celandine, calendula, aloe, coltsfoot;
effective lotion from the collection: 20 g each of string, nettle, birch buds, calendula inflorescences, yarrow, St. John's wort;
the rash is moistened with a decoction of pine needles and cones: 100 grams per liter of boiling water, pour for an hour, apply for 15 minutes;
100 grams of freshly picked walnut leaves are poured with half a liter of water, boiled for 5 minutes and left for an hour. Wipe the affected areas with the product;
Elderberry leaves have a powerful antiseptic effect. They are washed, beaten to release the juice, and applied to the sore spots for 15 minutes, wrapped in cling film;
An infusion of dandelion root improves immunity; pour boiling water over it, leave for 12 hours and drink several times a day.

Prevention

Microbial eczema on the hands, feet, and other parts of the body appears in people prone to skin diseases of a neuro-allergenic and immune nature, such as psoriasis and dermatitis.

Such people should especially pay attention to the following factors:

high-quality treatment of any pyodermatic rash, allergic reactions, thermal, chemical or other damage;
care after dressings and plaster removal;
try to eat a dairy-vegetable diet, include allergenic foods, minimize alcohol consumption, limit sweets and spicy foods;
Chronic diseases, especially varicose veins, and infectious diseases should be treated in a timely manner.

It is strictly forbidden to scratch the areas affected by the rash.
In order to leave fewer traces after eczema, the skin should be periodically lubricated with antiseptic and emollient creams.
Contact with water aggravates the situation, so minimize water procedures, do not wet the affected area or cover it with cling film.

Microbial eczema is not easy, but it can be treated. The main thing is to prevent it from flowing into its true form: this will complicate therapy.

According to statistics, eczema occupies a leading position in the list of various skin diseases. She accounts for about 40% of calls for skin diseases. Doctors diagnose microbial eczema in 12-25% of cases of requests for eczematous skin lesions.

Unlike true or occupational eczema, microbial eczema develops against the background of existing diseases, and not as a result of ordinary contact with an allergen that causes an inadequate immune response with activation of lymphocytes. For its development, the presence of lesions on the skin in the form of scratches, abrasions, cuts, trophic ulcers, mycoses (fungal infections), purulent wounds, eczematous lesions of an allergic nature is required.

Foci of chronic infection can be located both outside (exogenous eczema) and inside the body (endogenous pathology). In the second case, we are talking about odontogenic infections localized in the head and neck area, inflammatory pathologies of the ENT organs, digestive and genitourinary systems.

Causes of microbial eczema

As we have already understood, the occurrence of microbial eczema against the background of recurrent skin diseases is facilitated by malfunctions of the immune system. In other words, reduced immunity contributes to the further development of the bacterial-inflammatory process.

But on the other hand, a decrease in immunity also does not happen in a vacuum. Malfunctions of the immune system (autoimmune reactions) and weakening of the body's defenses are primarily caused by bacterial and viral agents. Frequently recurring viral diseases, chronic bacterial and fungal pathologies negatively affect the state of the immune system, which simply does not have time to rest and gain strength. Depletion of the immune system leads to malfunctions in its functioning.

Disorders of the central nervous system and pathologies of the brain, as the main regulatory organ of the human body, can also cause disruptions in the functioning of the immune system, leading to the development of eczematous skin reactions. Diseases of internal organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract, can also contribute to the development of microbial eczema.

Eczema is one of the manifestations of allergies that develop as a result of inadequate functioning of the immune system, when the latter reacts too actively to certain irritants. This means that allergic reactions may well cause the development of various types of pathology, both primary and secondary, such as microbial eczema.

Disruptions to the endocrine system lead to metabolic disorders and hormonal fluctuations, which also confuses the immune system, which instantly reacts to any changes in the body.

In some cases, the influence of a hereditary factor can also be noted. Inadequate functioning of the immune system may be due to gene mutations that are passed on from generation to generation, or pathologies of fetal development in the prenatal period. By the way, the human immune system develops up to 15 years of age, which means that exposure to negative factors in childhood can lead to disruption of the immune system in adults.

Microbial eczema can develop against the background of existing bacterial and fungal skin lesions, long-term non-healing wounds, varicose veins of the superficial veins with disruption of blood flow in them (stagnation in the blood vessels of the skin sometimes leads to the development of varicose eczema).

Risk factors

Risk factors for the development of bacterial-inflammatory skin pathology may include:

insufficient skin hygiene,
emotional lability and frequent stress,
chronic diseases,
frequent cases of infectious diseases,
increased radiation or environmental pollution,
violation of the integrity of the skin during cosmetic procedures and insufficient care for it (for example, microbial eczema can develop against the background of a post-traumatic form of eczematous skin lesions, which is caused by damage to the skin during a tattoo).

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of eczema, including microbial eczema, is based on an inadequate response to antigens entering the body from the outside or forming inside it. Antigens that cause various allergic reactions in the form of rash, itching, swelling and redness of the tissues that we see with eczema are called allergens. However, not all antigens (and not always) can cause an allergic inflammatory response.

Most often, the development of microbial eczema is observed against the background of streptococcal or staphylococcal infections, as well as fungal skin infections. However, the influence of other pathogens of various inflammatory pathologies cannot be excluded.

The mechanism of development of the inflammatory reaction is based on the increased secretion of prostaglandins, produced from fatty acids and which are mediators of inflammation, increasing the production of histamine and serotonin and suppressing cellular immune responses. As a result, an inflammatory process develops in the tissues of the body, in which the permeability of the vascular walls increases and intercellular edema is formed (in this case, the dermis and epidermis).

It aggravates and perpetuates the incorrect reaction of the immune system of the central nervous system, in the functioning of which certain disruptions have also been observed in patients with microbial eczema, affecting the processes of cellular nutrition (tissue trophism).

It is quite difficult to name a specific reason for the development of endogenous eczema, as well as to explain why an allergic reaction to internal pathogens has external manifestations. However, scientists can answer with great confidence the question that worries many: is microbial eczema contagious? No, it is not contagious, since it is of an allergic nature, which means it cannot be transmitted by contact. Only bacteria can be passed on to others, but not the body’s reaction to them. Further, everything depends on the state of immunity of the person who comes into contact with the patient.

Symptoms of microbial eczema

Microbial eczema is one of the types of eczematous skin lesions, which means it is characterized by the symptoms observed during the development of this pathology: rash, itching, peeling, swelling of the skin. But these symptoms are characteristic of many skin diseases, including those of an allergic nature. How to recognize microbial. Eczema according to its external manifestations.

The first signs of microbial eczema are erythema (severe redness of the skin due to excess blood flow into the capillaries) with clearly defined boundaries, swelling of the tissues of the affected area and the appearance of papular rashes on them. After some time, the skin at the site of redness begins to crack, and bubbles with serous contents appear in place of the papules. After a few days, yellowish-green crusts form at the site of the lesion.

All this resembles the development of dermatitis, which is essentially microbial eczema.

A characteristic feature of most types of microbial eczema is the asymmetrical nature of the lesions. And they themselves most often have an irregular shape. Around the source of inflammation, you can observe a kind of border formed by exfoliated areas of the upper layer of skin. Along the edge of the affected area there are pustules with purulent contents, which, after opening, form yellowish dense crusts.

After removing the crusts, a certain amount of pus is found underneath them. If you remove the pus, you can see a glossy surface of bluish-red or burgundy color, on which there is noticeable weeping with areas of microscopic hemorrhages.

Another important feature of microbial eczema, which distinguishes it from the true form of the disease, is the polymorphism of rashes with a predominance of purulent elements.

Most often, microbial eczema affects the upper and lower extremities, which are most susceptible to injury; its foci can also be seen on the face or in the nipple area in women.

Microbial eczema on the hands most often forms in the area of the hand and fingers. There is eczema of the hands, fingers and interdigital space with localization of lesions in the locations of skin folds in the corresponding area of the hand.

Less commonly, eczematous rashes can be seen on the wrists, forearms, and elbows.

Microbial eczema on the legs is similar in its manifestations to infectious dermatitis on the hands. Favorite sites of the disease are the feet, legs and knees - the places most susceptible to injury with damage to the integrity of the skin.

Microbial eczema on the face is most often localized on the cheeks and chin area. The disease in the vast majority of cases is endogenous in nature, since its cause is considered to be an exacerbation of chronic infections within the body.

Microbial eczema in children

In childhood, microbial eczema is a fairly common disease. High physical activity coupled with minimal risk analysis leads to frequent episodes of injuries with skin damage. In addition, the delicate baby skin is very attractive to various types of blood-sucking insects, which leave itchy marks on the baby’s body.

Due to the imperfection of the immune system, microbial eczema in a child develops much more often than in an adult. This is facilitated by insufficient hygiene of hands and damaged areas. Children tend to scratch bites and healing itchy scratches, while their hands and nails are not sterile, which means they are a source of bacterial infection.

The immune system reacts to an external infectious factor by developing an inflammatory reaction with the formation of hyperemia and tissue edema, as well as purulent rashes, which are subsequently covered with localized crusts with a clearly defined border.

At a younger age, the disease is rarely endogenous. However, frequent infectious pathologies in childhood can cause weakened immunity and the development of endogenous or exogenous microbial eczema in adulthood.

Stages

Like any eczematous skin lesion, microbial eczema has several stages of process development:

Stage 1 (the onset of the disease or erythematous eczema) is characterized by redness of a limited area of the skin and the appearance of itching.
Stage 2 (development of the disease or papulovesicular stage) is marked by the appearance of edema and rashes (papules) in hyperemic areas, which fill with fluid over time.
Stage 3 (the height of the disease or weeping eczema): spontaneous opening of the vesicles with the release of serous contents, while in place of the papules there remain depressions in which pus accumulates.
Stage 4 (attenuation of the disease or dry eczema) is observed after the inflamed area becomes covered with a yellow-green or grayish-yellow dry crust.

The development of the disease, especially of an endogenous nature, at any stage may be accompanied by the appearance of new lesions.

There are also acute and chronic courses of the disease.

Acute microbial eczema– a disease that lasts no more than 3 months. Foci of inflammation are distinguished by a bright, rich bluish-red hue, constant release of moisture and severe itching.

If the pathology does not go away within six months, they speak of the subacute stage of the disease (from 4 to 6 months inclusive). In this case, the affected area has a less saturated color, a denser structure and constantly peels off.

Chronic microbial eczema has a longer duration. The disease is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. During remission, damaged skin is practically no different in color from healthy skin, but has a denser structure due to pathological changes in the epidermis. During exacerbations, symptoms of acute eczema can be observed.

Forms

Microbial eczema usually manifests itself in the form of individual rashes, but sometimes its foci occupy a fairly large area. This is typical for the endogenous form of the disease against the background of significantly reduced immunity and predisposition to allergic reactions.

Common microbial eczema is a chronic pathology, which is characterized by a reduction in time intervals between periods of exacerbations and the occurrence of multiple foci of inflammation covering a large area of the skin. However, treatment of this form of the disease is quite difficult.

Microbial eczema in relation to the pathogen can be divided into bacterial and mycotic. The causative agent of mycotic eczema is considered to be a fungal infection, most often bacteria from the genus Candida. The location of mycotic eczema is usually the feet and toes in the area of the nail plate.

According to the nature of the bacterial-inflammatory process on the skin, microbial eczema can be:

Numular (also known as plaque or coin-shaped form of pathology),
post-traumatic,
varicose,
sycosiform,
localized in the nipple area (nipple eczema),
and as a separate subtype, dyshidrotic eczema (Eczematous dermatitis).

Numular microbial eczema- This is the formation of round-shaped lesions on the skin. The lesions are small in size (about 3 mm), distinguished by their bright color and yellow purulent crusts. The favorite place for localization is the hands.

Post-traumatic eczema is the development of a purulent-inflammatory process around areas of the skin damaged due to trauma (cut, scratch, wound, bite, burn). The process of tissue restoration in this form of pathology is very slow.

Varicose eczema occurs due to impaired blood flow in the capillaries of the skin. Stagnation in the tissues causes the formation of deep, small-sized wounds (trophic ulcers), around which an eczematous lesion forms if a bacterial infection enters the wound against a background of weakened immunity. The location of irregularly shaped lesions is the lower extremities.

Sycosiform eczema is a purulent-bacterial process that occurs against the background of inflammation of the hair follicles, which develops in the area of the hairy part of the body (mustache, beard, armpits, groin area), and subsequently spreads to other areas. The affected areas are characterized by severe weeping and deep color.

Nipple eczema affects mainly women during lactation. The cause of the development of microbial eczema in this case is trauma to the breast when feeding the baby against the background of insufficient hygiene of this part of the body. It may also occur in patients with scabies. The lesions have a bright color and a dense structure, and are prone to cracking.

Dyshidrotic eczema with a microbial component– this is the appearance on the lower part of the arms and legs (soles, palms, fingers) of vesicular rashes, the main cause of which is considered to be malfunction of the sweat glands, metabolic disorders in the body, decreased immunity, and a predisposition to allergies. It is against this background that exposure to a bacterial infection leads to the development of eczematous skin lesions.

Severely itchy elements of inflammation (both single and groups) originate deep in the skin, gradually rising above its surface. When there is a mechanical effect on the elements of inflammation, severe pain is present. The disease is characterized by a chronic course.

Complications and consequences

Despite the fact that microbial eczema is not considered a severe and contagious disease, its consequences and complications are not at all as harmless as one might think. At the same time, the disease gives complications both in the absence of treatment and in the wrong approach to therapy, for example, self-medication. Still, a bacterial infection with the development of a purulent-inflammatory process carries the danger not only of further spread of the infection covering large areas (common microbial eczema), but also of the possibility of developing a generalized infection that affects the deep layers of the skin.

The appearance of multiple lesions is fraught with an increased likelihood of contracting viral pathologies. For example, the herpes virus, which affects the skin in different parts of the body depending on the type of virus, can cause serious health pathologies: chickenpox, which has a severe course in adulthood, herpes zoster, infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus infection, eczema herpetiformis, known for its high level of lethality. Herpetic skin lesions can be localized in the face, neck, genitals and anus, which creates additional inconvenience due to the patient’s appearance and pain during eating and performing physiological needs.

And how many unpleasant moments the disease itself brings. Unattractive spots on the skin with painful itching during periods of exacerbation cause certain physical and emotional discomfort. Hostility on the part of other people, caused by an erroneous opinion about the contagiousness of the disease, often becomes the cause of nervous breakdowns and insomnia, provoking problems in professional and personal life.

Advanced forms of the disease and delayed treatment cause the formation of unsightly scars on the skin.

Diagnosis of microbial eczema

If various rashes and itching appear on the skin, it is first recommended to visit a dermatologist before taking any measures to solve the problem. First, you need to establish an accurate diagnosis and identify the cause of pathological changes in the skin, and only a specialist doctor can do this.

An external examination of the condition of the patient’s skin, lesions and their location, study of the patient’s history and complaints allow the doctor to assume eczematous skin lesions based on symptoms such as swelling and hyperemia of the skin, itchy skin rash, the appearance of crusts at the site of purulent ulcerations, etc. However, only special laboratory and instrumental studies can confirm the diagnosis of microbial eczema.

Material for research is obtained by scraping the skin from the affected area. During this process, the doctor examines the surface of the tissue under the crust for the presence of a weeping area and hemorrhages.

After this, instrumental diagnostics of the resulting material is carried out using a sensitive microscope. Using scraping microscopy, fungal (mycotic) pathogens are identified. Bacterial infection is determined by immersing the material taken during scraping in a nutrient medium. It is very important not only to identify the disease itself, but also to accurately determine its causative agent in order to prescribe effective antimicrobial or antifungal drugs.

If the deep layers of the skin are affected, the doctor prescribes a histological examination. The biopsy is taken from the deepest layers of the affected area. Its study helps to establish the severity of the inflammatory process, the presence of foreign components in the infiltrate, for example, plasma cells that produce antibodies.

If microbial eczema is not treated, there is a high probability of it turning into true eczema. If a change in the nature of the pathology is suspected, the doctor prescribes tests (usually CBC) for eosinophils, immunoglobulin E, and the level of T-lymphocytes.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis is carried out between microbial and other types of eczema, as well as with other skin pathologies with similar symptoms (various types of dermatitis, psoriasis, as well as allergies, which in their symptoms resemble the onset of eczematous pathologies).

Treatment of microbial eczema

Since advanced microbial eczema tends to easily turn into true eczema, and also has other unpleasant consequences, its treatment should begin immediately after the first signs of the disease appear. Since the allergic factor comes to the fore in the disease, which is no longer possible to get rid of, the treatment of microbial eczema consists of alleviating the patient’s condition and stopping relapses of the inflammatory process on the skin.

In order for the treatment to be successful, it is necessary to treat not only the external foci of the disease, but also the pathologies that caused microbial eczema.

An integrated approach to the treatment of bacterial inflammatory disease includes local treatment, systemic and physical therapy, and proper nutrition.

Drug therapy

Drugs for the treatment of microbial eczema can be divided into 2 groups:

external means to relieve external manifestations of the disease,
means for internal use as part of systemic therapy.

External remedies for local treatment of skin diseases:

antiseptic solutions for treating damaged surfaces and compresses (boric acid 2% solution, resorcinol 1% solution, brilliant green solution, lead water),
ointments with a drying effect (zinc, ichthyol, naphthalan ointment),
ointments with an antibiotic (“Bactroban” - ointment with an antibiotic, “Drapolen” and “Dettol” - antiseptic creams with an antibacterial effect, erythromycin, tetracycline and other ointments),
external agents for the treatment of fungal skin lesions (ointments “Exoderil”, “Loceril”, etc.) in the case of a mycotic form of the disease,
non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs (“Radevit”, “Eplan”, “Fenistil”, “Gistan”, etc.),
anti-inflammatory ointments and sprays containing corticosteroids are used in cases of widespread eczema affecting a large area of the body (Advantan, Lokoid, Celestodarm, etc.),
for extensive pathologies during remission - drugs that inhibit the synthesis of calcineurin (Pimecrolimus, Tacrolimus).

Medicines for systemic therapy:

antiallergic (antihistamine) drugs (Diazolin, Zyrtec, Suprastin, Lomilan, Loratodine) to relieve painful allergy symptoms, such as skin rash, itching, inflammatory manifestations. Doctors may prescribe solutions of calcium chloride and sodium thiosulfate intravenously.
immunomodulator drugs to reduce the activity of the immune system,
oral antimicrobial agents (broad-spectrum antibiotics for microbial eczema fight possible bacterial pathogens): Ampicillin, Ofloxacin, Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin, as well as Cefazolin in the form of intramuscular injections
antifungal drugs (“Fluconazole”, “Futsis”, etc.
sedatives (sedatives) that relieve psycho-emotional stress and allow you to rest peacefully at night (valerian and motherwort preparations, mild sleeping pills),
vitamin complexes containing sufficient quantities of vitamins B, E and retinoids,
corticosteroids (Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Triamcinolone, etc.) for extensive severe skin lesions,
cytostatics (Cyclosporin, Methotrexate) are also prescribed only in case of generalized infection.

Physiotherapeutic treatment includes many methods of physical influence that improve the condition of patients with microbial eczema. The most effective methods are: irradiation of the skin with ultraviolet rays (PUVA therapy as an option), UHF irradiation, laser and magnetic therapy, medicinal electrophoresis, ozone therapy.

Surgical treatment is prescribed mainly for varicose eczema or to prevent it.

Ointments and oral agents to combat bacterial infection

Since the disease has multiple external manifestations, ointments for microbial eczema are the main therapeutic agents that help significantly alleviate the patient’s condition, relieving inflammation and unpleasant allergy symptoms. And since the disease is still associated with a bacterial infection, there is no way to do without external agents with an antimicrobial effect.

Ointment "Bactroban"- an effective antimicrobial agent for local use based on the antibiotic mupirocin, which does not have cross-resistance with other antibiotics, which makes it possible to use it as part of complex therapy for microbial eczema. The drug is intended for the treatment of staphylococcal and streptococcal infections. It is used in case of development of secondary bacterial pathologies.

Cover the lesions with a thin layer of ointment 3 times a day. For application, use a cotton swab or bandage. The course of treatment is 10 days.

The only contraindication to the use of the ointment is hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Side effects are expressed mainly in hypersensitivity reactions with rashes, burning and itching on the skin. Less commonly, the use of ointment can cause nausea, gastralgia, headaches, and systemic allergic reactions.

"Tetracycline"- 3% ointment with an antibiotic of bacteriostatic action, used for infectious purulent pathologies, including microbial eczema. It eliminates the inflammatory process, significantly reduces the activity of pathogenic microflora, and stimulates skin regeneration.

The ointment can be applied to the affected areas several times a day (as prescribed by a doctor). The course of treatment is also determined by the attending physician.

The ointment is not prescribed in cases of hypersensitivity to its components, severe liver dysfunction, low levels of leukocytes, or the presence of a fungal infection. In pediatrics it is used from 8 years of age. During pregnancy, it is used only in the 1st and 2nd trimester.

When used externally, the antibiotic is quite well tolerated. Occasionally, local reactions may occur in the form of burning or itching, skin hyperemia. Systemic reactions can only be observed with long-term use of the drug.

"Erythromycin" in the form of an ointment - a bacteriostatic agent for topical use, which has a wider spectrum of antibacterial activity.

The ointment can be used to treat skin starting from the neonatal period. It can be applied 2-3 times a day. The therapeutic course is usually 6-9 weeks.

It is prescribed to patients in the absence of hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Side effects include local allergic reactions and manifestations of the irritating effect of the drug.

In the case of mycotic and mixed forms of microbial eczema, ointment will be effective "Triderm", which contains the corticosteroid betamethasone, the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin and the antifungal agent clotrimazole.

Apply the drug to the affected areas in a thin layer in the morning and evening, without covering with a bandage. The course of treatment is determined by the doctor.

The drug is not prescribed for hypersensitivity to its components, for skin tuberculosis and syphilis, viral skin infections, varicose veins, acne, herpetic skin lesions. Not used in pediatrics.

Side effects rarely manifest themselves in the form of skin irritation at the site of application (itching, burning, dry skin). Systemic disorders are observed when using ointment under bandages, with long-term treatment and with a common form of pathology.

Antibiotics for microbial eczema can be prescribed for both external and systemic use in order to completely eliminate the bacterial factor that maintains inflammation in the lesions. Antihistamines and anti-inflammatory drugs in this case will not be able to solve the problem on their own.

Depending on the bacterial pathogen and the severity of the pathology, broad-spectrum antibiotics of different groups can be prescribed: penicillins (ampicillin), tetracyclines (doxycycline), macrolides (azithromycin, erythromycin), cephalosporins (cefazolin) and, in severe cases of purulent skin lesions, fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin ).

The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics makes it possible to fight not only the causative agent of the disease, but also to prevent the addition of other infections during periods of exacerbation, when the lesions are most sensitive to the influence of pathogenic microorganisms.

Treatment of microbial eczema at home

Since microbial eczema is characterized by a chronic course of the inflammatory process, its treatment is not always justified in a hospital. Inpatient treatment can be prescribed during periods of exacerbation in common and other severe forms of pathology.

Typically, treatment for microbial eczema is carried out at home. After diagnosis and diagnosis, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment (usually external agents and oral medications), which will need to be taken mainly during periods of exacerbation.

In addition to the above drugs, enterosorbents can be used to treat microbial eczema as an allergic pathology. You can buy them at any pharmacy. The drugs are inexpensive and will not cause harm, but they will help fight the symptoms caused by intoxication of the body due to allergies. Taking activated carbon or the drug "Polysorb" gives a good effect.

During the treatment of eczema, certain precautions must be taken. During an exacerbation of the disease, exposure to moisture and sunlight on the affected areas is considered undesirable. Sunbathing during the acute period of illness is prohibited. Do not overheat under any circumstances.

It is necessary to avoid the use of household chemicals due to their negative (allergenic) effect on the body. If you have eczema on your hands, you can wash dishes and do laundry only with protective gloves.

Hygiene products should be gentle, natural if possible, including medicinal plants with soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

You also need to pay attention to your diet. A diet for microbial eczema involves excluding from the diet foods that can cause allergic reactions, for example, chocolate and tropical fruits (citrus fruits), berries, chicken eggs, and seafood. Dishes should not contain chemical flavorings or dyes. Alcoholic drinks, sweet soda, marinades and pickles, spices and seasonings, and coffee are also excluded.

Nutrition for microbial eczema should be balanced. The lack of eggs can be compensated for by lean meat, and instead of sweets, eat more fruits.

To avoid exacerbations, the diet should contain only foods allowed for microbial eczema. These are fermented milk and low-fat dairy products, fresh, boiled or stewed vegetables, local fruits, light dietary meats, and cereals. Vegetable soups and broths, casseroles made from vegetables and cottage cheese are also useful.

Traditional treatment

Microbial eczema, like other skin diseases, can be treated using effective folk recipes. However, traditional treatment of the disease should be carried out in combination with traditional medication and physiotherapeutic treatment.

Here are some useful recipes that can be successfully used to treat bacterial eczema at home.

As a drying agent for weeping eczema of any etiology, it is useful to use the pulp and juice of fresh potatoes. They are used for applications (exposure time 20 minutes) and lotions that help eliminate edema syndrome and stimulate regenerative processes in the skin. You can add honey to the potato pulp, which will only enhance the healing effect.
Garlic recipes are great for fighting bacterial infections. Garlic can be used both fresh (you can get burned!) or boiled. It is crushed to a pasty state and mixed with honey in equal proportions. It is recommended to apply the mixture to the affected areas three times a day. The exposure time should be discussed with your doctor.

Quite a lot of traditional medicine recipes for the treatment of microbial eczema are based on herbal treatment. Decoctions for lotions and applications can be prepared from pine needles and pine cones (100 g of raw materials per 1 liter of boiling water), fresh walnut leaves (100 g of leaves per ½ liter of boiling water), herbal infusions (may contain calendula, string, yarrow, St. John's wort , nettle, birch buds, chamomile and other medicinal herbs).

It is also useful to apply fresh elderberry leaves slightly mashed or beaten with a knife to the wounds. Exposure time – 15 minutes.

As internal remedies, you can use infusions of yarrow herb or dandelion roots.

Homeopathic treatment

Homeopathy will also help patients with microbial eczema, the medicines of which are relatively safe and quite effective for various types of eczematous skin lesions.

Since microbial eczema has a chronic course, and during exacerbation the appearance of weeping wounds is observed, Graphites in the form of granules and ointment will be considered the main drug for homeopathic treatment.

But it is quite possible to reduce the likelihood and frequency of relapses of the disease by adhering to certain rules:

following a special diet that excludes food allergens,
treatment of various chronic pathologies, especially infectious ones,
increasing immunity,
giving up bad habits,
maintaining personal hygiene using natural products,
wearing clothes and underwear strictly made of natural fabrics; synthetics, wool and flannel are prohibited,
stabilization of the psycho-emotional state, elimination of stressful situations,
regular holidays at sea during periods of remission,
for varicose eczema, wearing special stockings or bandaging the legs in the affected area with medicinal bandages,
regular preventive examinations by a dermatologist (4-6 times a year).

Microbial eczema is one of the most common skin ailments, resulting in most cases from a predominant disease of a bacterial or fungal nature. A characteristic feature of this type of dermatitis can be called pyoderma. While for other skin pathologies this condition is considered a serious complication. Many people are wary of people with microbial eczema, believing that the disease is transmissible and extremely dangerous because it cannot be treated.

What is known about the factors that provoke the disease?

Scientists still cannot give an exact, intelligible answer as to why microbial eczema is so common among people. The causes of the pathology are often explained by psycho-emotional disorders, as well as problems in the functioning of the endocrine system. Disturbances in the processes of neurotrophic regulation arise due to the negative impact of the thyroid gland on the functioning of the central nervous system.

In simple terms that are accessible to the general public, when the body’s defenses are weakened, the barrier functions of the skin also begin to fail. Providing complete protection against the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms, as one of the main tasks of the epidermis, becomes impossible to sufficiently. To prevent pathogenic microbes from entering the bloodstream in case of skin damage, leukocytes, platelets and phagocytes enter the battle against infection. With normal immunity, these blood cells actively eliminate danger, preventing harmful bacteria from entering inside. Otherwise, when the integrity of the epidermis is violated, microbial eczema develops.

The trigger for the occurrence of disease on the arms or legs can be several factors. The etiology of microbial eczema is often determined among the following, most likely causes:

high level of susceptibility to streptococci;
chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
disturbances in the functioning of the glands of the endocrine system;
the occurrence of frequent stressful situations;
ignoring the rules of personal hygiene;
damage to skin areas due to various factors (manifestation, mycoses, open wounds, fistulas, varicose veins, etc.).

Forms of the disease

This disease most often represents a chronic skin pathology, with periodic exacerbations and short-term remission. The inflammation, which sometimes reaches the papillary dermis, is extremely severe. Microbial eczema, unlike other types of dermatitis, is common and is often diagnosed in patients of different ages. At the same time, the manifestations of the disease, the localization and degree of complication of the rashes are determined in patients by the evolution of the inflammatory process.

There are three main forms of eczema of bacterial origin:

Spicy. It is characterized by skin erythema, swelling and the formation of papules. Next, the inflamed dermis cracks, and the opening of the vesicles is followed by the release of a serous secretion. After a few days, crusts form.
Subacute. Represents subsequent thickening of the skin, accompanied by erythema. This stage of the disease is characterized by pigmentation disorders and scales forming.
Chronic. During this period, persistent hyperemia of partially recovered skin areas is noted. In individual cases, hyper- or hypopigmentation may be clearly expressed.

As a rule, the lack of proper therapy during the first acute wave of the disease contributes to the occurrence of immune abnormalities and, as a consequence, the development of irreversible changes in the epidermis at the cellular level. An increase in individual skin sensitivity to the effects of external irritants that provoke the progression of the disease also becomes inevitable.

The main phases of the course of microbial eczema

As already mentioned, bacterial eczema (or microbial) is a long-term inflammatory process on open fragments of the skin.

The first signs of the disease make themselves felt at the erythematous stage of the disease.

At the first stage, a patient with microbial eczema may feel only slight redness of the skin, mild itching with rapidly increasing intensity. The first phase of skin pathology, as a rule, does not present significant discomfort to the patient.
At the second stage of microbial eczema, which is called papulovesicular, blistering rashes characteristic of this type of dermatitis appear. Each vesicle is filled with serous fluid. This stage of the disease can be painful and uncomfortable for the patient.
Third stage. Vesicles are eczematous blisters that begin to burst a few days after their appearance. This process can determine the transition to the next stage of eczema - weeping on the skin. Serous foci of pathology have an unpleasant appearance; moreover, it is visually quite difficult to determine the exact boundaries of epidermal lesions on the arms and legs.
The weeping should disappear at the next stage of microbial eczema. All serous wells begin to become covered with a crust that has a dirty yellow-gray tint. The absence of exudate and drying of the affected skin areas indicates the onset of remission. However, along with it, in absolutely healthy places there is always the possibility of new foci of eczema appearing.

Treatment and symptoms of eczematous manifestations on the legs

Microbial eczema on the legs is diagnosed much more often than the same type of dermatitis on the hands, or even less often on the neck and face. Only a doctor can confirm the diagnosis in order to exclude dermatological diseases that have similar clinical manifestations. The patient must urgently seek specialized help if the following symptoms of the disease appear:

the appearance of serous purulent papules on the lower extremities;
rapid growth of weeping erosions on the foot, lower leg, and calves;
scalloped edges of skin lesions;
slight flaking combined with severe itching.

For microbial eczema on the legs, the dermatologist usually prescribes complex treatment, which is preceded by establishing the exact causes and the patient undergoing a laboratory examination. As a rule, therapy for infectious eczema on the lower extremities consists of:

External treatment with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory ointments, creams of hormonal and non-hormonal nature.
Taking oral antimicrobial medications.
Intravenous injections.

For effective therapy and to achieve quick results, the treatment of microbial eczema must be accompanied by unquestioning adherence to the rules of hygiene. In cases of profuse sweating, an optimal environment arises for the active proliferation of pathogenic microbes.

Features of bacterial eczema on the hands

On the hands, eczematous lesions occur on the hand, fingers and interdigital areas of the skin. Often the rash affects the epidermis on the back of the hand. In advanced cases, the vesicles spread to the elbows or forearms.

Foci of inflammation have a round shape, their diameter rarely reaches more than 3 cm. Each plaque has smooth edges, and in its center it is easy to notice a bluish-red weeping, gradually becoming covered with a serous-purulent crust. Quite often, at the beginning of the development of microbial eczema on the hands, it is mistakenly confused with manifestations of scabies. The disease can be recognized by the formation of small cracks in the skin of the hands, which leads to damage to the epidermis layer and the release of exudate.

Patients with bacterial eczema have a constant feeling of moisture on the surface of the skin on the palms. Swelling prevents full movement of the limbs. It becomes impossible to clench your fingers into a fist due to the pain, reminiscent of a burn. In severe cases, detachment of the nail plates occurs, and the feeling of burning and itching in patients with eczema causes a lot of discomfort, interfering with an active lifestyle, rest and sleep.

Therapy for microbial eczema on the hands follows a similar therapeutic regimen. The main feature of the course of the disease in these areas of the skin is the high probability of a secondary infection in the patient due to the slow healing of deep skin lesions. Dysfunctions of the body's defense systems, which are the primary causes of the development of the disease, serve as the main indication for the use of not only symptomatic treatment of microbial eczema, but also powerful stimulation of the patient's immunity.

In addition, therapy for eczematous manifestations on the hands should be accompanied by compliance with basic hygiene rules. As much as possible, especially during the period of exacerbation of the disease, contact with household chemicals, varnishes, other irritants and allergens on the surface of the skin should be avoided. Extremities should be kept warm at all times, and hands should not be exposed to hypothermia, wetness or chapping. A sudden change in temperature can also have a negative impact.

It is often impossible to completely isolate the epidermis from contact with the external environment, but if there is the slightest threat of a secondary infection, the skin should be treated with disinfectants. During the acute course of the disease, it is better to avoid wearing jewelry.

Microbial eczema: degree of danger to others

It is not surprising that even the patient’s relatives react to the external manifestations of the disease with hostility. Visually, serous vesicles and purulent oozing are not a very pleasant picture. Whether microbial eczema is transmitted by contact or not, every person should know so that, when faced with a problem one on one, they can protect themselves from infection.

In fact, infectious eczema is not at all dangerous to others. Only pathogenic microorganisms can migrate from affected skin areas to healthy ones. Thus, it is not eczema that will spread to people in contact with the patient, but its bacteriological, fungal or viral agent.

Regardless of the form of contact (airborne, sexual, direct, household, etc.), in any case, there is no need to worry about whether microbial eczema is contagious or not.

Therapy for microbial eczema

As already briefly mentioned, treatment of the disease for any localization of eczematous vesicles requires an integrated approach. In addition to external and internal medicines, an important role is played by healthy nutrition and personal hygiene.

Use of external treatments

Local treatment of bacterial eczema lesions is performed using various ointments and creams. The most common, due to their high efficiency, are the following groups of external drugs:

Ointments based on zinc, ichthyol or medical tar. They affect the affected areas of the skin, providing an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect, and help accelerate the regeneration processes of epidermal cells.
Antibacterial ointments (Drapolen, Dettol). Drugs of this spectrum are prescribed if the exact pathogen is determined. Can only be used after medical advice.
Antifungal creams (Loceril, Exoderil, Bifonazole). To eliminate the fungus, the course of application of drugs can be more than 2 months. In addition to the antifungal components contained in the products, there are elements whose action is aimed at accelerating recovery.
Non-hormonal ointments (Eplan, Losterin, Radevit). Effective drugs that actively fight microbial eczema can be prescribed by a specialist. Good results are demonstrated in the early stages of the disease, but the use of non-hormonal ointments in complex clinical cases usually does not produce results.
Hormonal ointments (Elocom, Advantan, Celestoderm). They have the highest possible effectiveness in the fight against dermatitis. A lot of contraindications and side effects are a consequence of the fact that hormonal ointments are prescribed in exceptional advanced cases.

Treatment of microbial eczema with ointments is an indispensable component of the entire complex of therapy. A doctor should select an ointment for microbial eczema. Self-medication in this case is fraught with, at a minimum, a lack of results, and at a maximum, the development of complications.

What tablets can be prescribed for microbial eczema?

Systematic drug therapy for microbial eczema is as important as the use of ointments and creams. In cases where the disease is accompanied by a bacterial infection, antibiotics cannot be avoided. Often the doctor prescribes the following pills:

Ofloxacin;
Ampicillin;
Azithromycin;
Cefazolin.

In parallel with antifungal creams, the patient must undergo an antimycotic course of treatment for microbial eczema. In later stages of the disease, corticosteroids and cytostatics are indispensable, having the following trade names:

Prednisolone;
Triamcinolone;
Cyclosporine.

Antiallergic drugs will help eliminate unpleasant symptoms and relieve inflammation. Sedative tablets are prescribed to the patient for sleep disorders and neuroses caused by the course of the disease. To strengthen the immune system, the patient is prescribed vitamin-mineral complexes and interferon-containing drugs.

Traditional recipes to help treat dermatitis

Treatment of microbial eczema at home is not excluded, but you should not count on the fact that folk recipes will help eliminate the pathology. As a symptomatic therapy, natural remedies can eliminate inflammation, itching and reduce irritation. Recipes for the most popular traditional methods of treating microbial eczema are presented below:

Lotions based on walnut decoction. For two weeks, you need to use a product that requires 100 g of shell and 0.5 liters of cold water. Pour in the nut waste, place the container on low heat and cook for at least 15 minutes. When cooled, use as a lotion.
Applications from pine infusion. It is not difficult to prepare a homemade medicine; you will need about 100 g of pine, spruce, fir or other coniferous plant needles. Pour 1 liter of boiling water over the prepared raw materials and set aside for an hour. Applying to the affected area of skin for 15-20 minutes several times during the day, apply using sterile wipes soaked in the product.

Among the most common inflammatory skin diseases is eczema. The pathology is characterized by the occurrence of rashes, which can manifest themselves in the form of redness, eczematous blisters or nodular formations. The disease can occur in both acute and chronic forms.

What is microbial eczema?

Microbial eczema is a skin lesion with active inflammation. Manifestations occur as a result of microbial or fungal infection. Rashes characteristic of the disease can appear near trophic ulcers, abrasions, near unhealed sutures after operations, cuts and fistulas.

The photo shows manifestations of microbial eczema on the hands:

As a result of infection, a change in the epidermis of the skin occurs, after which signs of microbial eczema join the manifestations. Most often, the skin on the arms and legs is affected by such lesions.

Treatment of the disease should be aimed at eliminating the main symptoms and neutralizing inflammation.

Important! In addition to the noticeable discomfort that a patient may experience during illness, external manifestations are also unpleasant. The disease affects the psychological state of the patient and reduces his self-esteem.

Causes of the disease

The main reason for the appearance of microbial eczema is the presence of a favorable environment for the development of infection. Non-healing wounds, burns, ulcers and varicose veins can contribute to the development of the disease. As a result of infection, damaged areas of the skin become inflamed and microbes multiply. The presence of microbial eczema can be judged by the following signs:

rash;
redness;
pustules.

Manifestations in almost every case are accompanied by severe itching and burning.

Important! Allergy sufferers and people with reduced immunity are susceptible to the disease when the functional characteristics of the digestive and endocrine systems are disrupted. Stress and poor personal hygiene can contribute to the spread of infection. As a result, increased sensitivity to allergens develops.

The occurrence of such symptoms is due to the influence of both external and internal factors.

Internal:

renal failure;
gastrointestinal diseases;
mental and nervous disorders.

External:

wounds, cuts, abrasions;
trophic ulcers with purulent inflammation.

It is possible that microbial eczema may develop against the background of pathologies such as lymphostasis and mycosis.

Factors such as a tendency to allergic reactions and genetic predisposition are important in the development of the disease. The transition of the disease to a chronic form occurs as a result of constant exposure of the skin to allergens and infections, as well as chemicals and other harmful elements.

How the disease develops

At the initial stage, redness appears on the skin, itching gradually increases in intensity;
At the next stage, rashes appear in the form of vesicles (bubbles with gray liquid);
In the third stage, the vesicles burst. Weeping begins on the surface of the skin.
At the site of weeping, crusts with a gray-yellow tint appear. No fluid (exudate) is released. And the disease goes into remission (complete disappearance of symptoms).

Symptoms of microbial eczema

The areas most often affected by microbial eczema are the lower extremities. Changes occur in the skin, purulent papules form, which gradually turn into blisters and erosive ulcers. These areas do not have clear boundaries and merge with healthy skin.

Manifestations are accompanied by severe itching. Inflamed areas of the epidermis with eczema are covered with purulent crusts, detached from the stratum corneum. The affected areas are surrounded by dead skin.

There are several types of microbial eczema, each of which is characterized by certain symptoms and distinctive features.

Thus, with coin-shaped plaque eczema, the appearance of focal lesions with a round shape measuring 1-3.2 cm is observed. Manifestations are most often localized on the skin of the legs.

The photo shows microbial eczema of the feet

If we consider varicose eczema, then its development occurs against the background of dilated veins. Signs of the disease are accompanied by itching and are characterized by clear boundaries of focal inflammation.

Post-traumatic microbial eczema also has its own characteristics: manifestations surround injured skin areas: wounds, scratches, slowing down the healing process.

This video provides additional information about microbial eczema:

Types of disease

We will consider the types of microbial eczema in detail.

Numular (plaque) microbial eczema

Plaque (coin-shaped) microbial eczema is an itchy dermatitis characterized by the formation of coin-shaped plaques with clear boundaries. Their size varies from 1 to 3 cm.

The top of the affected areas is covered with a serous crust. Individual inflammations combine to create a generalized focus. This can lead to the development of a purulent inflammatory process. Usually this process is accompanied by the appearance of blisters with pus inside on the skin of the hands or other parts of the body.

Extensive skin inflammation is a complication of plaque eczema, which can only be eliminated in a hospital setting.

Paratraumatic microbial eczema

Paratraumatic microbial eczema develops in places of scratches, wounds, ulcers, abrasions, postoperative sutures, fistulas.

Pay attention! A distinctive feature of fistulas is their long duration and delayed healing.

Sycozyform eczema

This is a type of seborrheic eczema that develops in patients with sycosis. Lesions are most often localized in areas with hair. The rashes are small pustules. The main signs of sycosiform eczema are reddened, tight skin and severe itching. Typical areas of localization for this type of eczema are the head, beard, pubic and axillary areas.

Attention! Inflammatory processes accompanying the disease almost always extend beyond the hairline.

Nipple eczema

Nipple eczema is another type of itchy microbial eczema. The most common cause of its occurrence is injuries to a woman’s breast nipples during lactation. Scratching these areas during scabies leads to a similar result. Similar manifestations can occur when:

hereditary predisposition;
tendency to allergic reactions;
due to nervous disorders;
as a result of stress, depression;
against the background of weakened immunity.

With nipple eczema, focal inflammation appears, which has visible boundaries. The skin becomes red in color, its surface becomes crusty and cracks.

Varicose microbial eczema

The main factor in the appearance of microbial varicose veins is varicose veins. It is usually accompanied by venous insufficiency. When ulcers form, an edematous eczematous area forms. The course of the disease is accompanied by an active inflammatory process and noticeable itching.

Diagnosis of microbial eczema

Diagnosis is carried out by a dermatologist. In order to identify the pathogen and determine the degree of its sensitivity to antibiotics, he prescribes a culture from the affected skin. Comparative diagnostic methods are also used. They make it possible to distinguish microbial eczema from other diseases, such as psoriasis, reticulosis, dermatitis and allergic manifestations.

If the previous methods did not help, then complex diagnostics are used. It requires histological and bacteriological examination to assess the condition of skin manifestations and determine the degree of complexity of the disease.

Important! Only a specialist can make an accurate diagnosis. When developing a treatment regimen, the presence and condition of injuries and cuts, as well as the degree of varicose veins, are important.

Treatment of microbial eczema

When treating microbial eczema, a comprehensive approach is required. After clarifying the diagnosis and identifying causative factors, they should be eliminated. Further treatment involves:

taking sedatives and antihistamines (“Suprastin”, “Loratardine”);
taking vitamins C and B;
cleansing the body through hemodialysis;
the use of local preparations in the form of hydrocortisone, retinol ointments and therapeutic mud;
the use of antiseptic lotions with a solution of boric acid to relieve inflammation;

Treatment of more complex forms of microbial eczema involves the administration of glucocorticosteroids and the use of hydrocortisone ointment. This therapy is carried out to prevent recurrent processes and eliminate pronounced signs of the disease. Intramuscular injections of vitamins B and C will also not be superfluous.

The photo shows manifestations of microbial eczema on the elbows

After exiting the acute stage, ultraviolet irradiation is carried out. At the same time, an antibiotic ointment may be prescribed.

Important! It is worth keeping in mind that this remedy is not prescribed for microbial eczema resulting from a fungal infection of the skin.

Read more about the treatment of eczema in this video:

Traditional methods

For the treatment of microbial eczema, there are many effective traditional medicine recipes, among which ordinary fish oil, recommended as a lotion, is popular. The course of its use is 3 days.

The role of therapeutic nutrition in eczema

Along with complex therapy, proper organization of therapeutic nutrition plays an important role in the treatment of microbial eczema. The following should be excluded from the diet:

fatty, fried, spicy foods;
white bread;
baking;
potatoes;
tomatoes;
citrus fruits;
red fruits and berries.

Gradually, it will be possible to include boiled or steamed lean meat and low-fat varieties of river fish in the diet. Plant foods include cabbage, carrots, beets, and legumes. You can eat greens: parsley, cross lettuce, celery and horseradish.

Question and answer

Do sexually transmitted diseases affect the appearance of microbial eczema?

It should be borne in mind that sexually transmitted diseases significantly reduce immunity, weakening the body’s protective functions. This is precisely one of the reasons contributing to the development of microbial eczema.

Is microbial eczema contagious? If so, how is it transmitted?

Among several types of eczema, microbial and seborrheic are contagious. These types of diseases have a direct relationship with viral and microbial infections, which, when exposed to a favorable environment, begin to multiply. The infection can be transmitted through contact through household contact when receiving injuries.

What is the most common type of microbial eczema?

According to medical statistics, the most common type of microbial eczema is coin-shaped (plaque) eczema.

What inexpensive effective remedy for microbial eczema do you recommend?

One of the effective remedies for microbial eczema is Losterin cream, which is a non-hormonal drug and is suitable not only for treating the disease during an exacerbation, but also for prevention.

Microbial eczema is a serious skin disease of a chronic nature. In case of exacerbation of manifestations, treatment is required, which involves an integrated approach. The organization of therapeutic nutrition is of particular importance. When the first signs of eczema occur, it is strongly recommended to contact specialists for qualified medical assistance. It is impossible to self-medicate such manifestations, as there is a risk of driving the disease deeper by getting rid of only superficial signs.