How to test badger meat for trichinosis. How to test meat for trichinosis and whether it is possible to neutralize infected game by heat treatment

Because Eating dogs and cats is unusual for most nationalities; pigs have earned a bad reputation as the main carriers of Trichinella. It is when preparing their meat that special attention should be paid to thorough frying/cooking, since the death of Trichinella is guaranteed only at a temperature of 50°C (cooking time 570 minutes). However, according to current standards (“Rules for veterinary inspection of slaughter animals and veterinary and sanitary examination of meat and meat products"), meat contaminated with Trichinella (if even 1 larva is detected in 24 cuts) must be destroyed; it is prohibited in factories even to be used for stewing. However, in theory, to ensure the safety of contaminated meat, the temperature regime should be maintained for a certain time: at a temperature of 50 °C, meat should be processed for 570 minutes; 51.1 °C - 270 minutes; 52.2 °C - 120 minutes; 53.4 °C - 60 minutes; 54.5 °C - 30 minutes; 55.6 °C - 15 minutes; 56.7 °C - 6 minutes; 57.8 °C - 3 minutes; 58.9 °C - 2 minutes; 60.0 °C - 1 minute; 62.2 °C - instant destruction of larvae.

This very expensive device, the price of which varies from 7 to 45,700 rubles (depending on the magnification factor), consists of: a compact microscope; an electric illuminator; a mirror (can replace the illuminator, focusing sunlight); a compressorium (two transparent glass plates, between which the cut of meat is compressed). The illuminator of a portable microscope is designed specifically for working in road conditions from a car cigarette lighter. However, purchasing the device is not enough. A hunter or pig farmer needs to carefully study the photos of encapsulated Trichinella taken by scientists using a microscope, and it is advisable to focus on those photos that were taken in muscle tissue. This is what Trichinella looks like in muscles under a microscope

Despite the complexity of the described procedure and the high cost of the device, self-testing of meat is just a quick test compared to laboratory research. It is extremely unwise to trust such a test with your health and life, therefore, even with the apparent absence of Trichinella, animal meat (especially wolf, bear, wild boar, beaver, badger, chickens or pigs) should be subjected to thorough heat treatment. These helminths do not live in organs and internal fat, so they can be used even when meat is massively infected with Trichinella. Just in case, subcutaneous lard must be melted, maintaining a temperature of 100 °C for 20 minutes. LABORATORY TESTING OF MEAT If the hunter or farmer has the opportunity, it is advisable to send animal meat for a professional laboratory test for trichinosis. There are several reasons for this: veterinary experts have extensive experience in detecting representatives of all types of Trichinella, including non-encapsulated T. pseudospiralis, T. papuae and T. zimbabwensis, which can easily be missed by an amateur; laboratories use expensive microscopes, much more accurate than portable ones Trichinelloscope devices; the tests themselves are also more detailed - sections are taken not only on the diaphragm, but also on the intercostal, gastrocnemius, chewing muscles and tongue muscles, and pieces of meat are dissolved in artificial gastric juice.

Olgoy 26-01-2013 02:20

Thank you, Sash, for the title of the topic!))
So, friends, as a doctor of the first qualification category in the specialty of anesthesiology and resuscitation, allow me to present a topic about medicine. It will contain knowledge on the subject. I don’t promise everything at once, it takes a long time to type with two fingers)) But we will analyze the questions that you will be asked at the exam in Belgosokhot and in life))

The scheme will be simple: I have 34 questions on medicine and radiation safety from those asked by the BGO. I offer answers and comments.

There is, of course, a gag)) For example, there is no tetanus in the questions, and its importance cannot be overestimated. I want to live!!!
.....................................
A little patience))

Filipok 26-01-2013 11:13

I'll subscribe to the topic. And some of our Akhotnegs don’t even have first aid kits with them...

asper44 26-01-2013 16:25

Trump 100 26-01-2013 16:54

For example, I have a normal first aid kit. True, it is always in my car. And so when there was a bus. I always took her hunting.

Olgoy 26-01-2013 23:46

1+rabies
2-botulism
3+tuberculosis
4+trichinosis
5+tularemia

6pat 26-01-2013 23:52

As I understand it, “+” means the correct answer, and “-” the wrong one?
Just judging by Wikipedia (http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%...%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC) botulism is also transmitted to people

Filipok 27-01-2013 12:05

quote: Originally posted by 6pat:

Botulism is also transmitted to people

fecal-oral
Dim, write the methods of transmission of the disease in parentheses.

Olgoy 27-01-2013 12:23

Well, let's start in this order.

RABIES

That. If you are bitten by a wild or unknown animal, run to the emergency room! The faster you run, the greater your chances of survival. Imagine that the moment you bite, the countdown starts, like in the movies. The slower you run, the more likely you are to die, and it will be a bad death.
It is important to note that the most dangerous bites are to the head, and on the head - to the face. The closer to the brain, the faster the disease will develop.

No one has been giving forty injections in the stomach for a long time; you will be given a vaccine and sent home. And so six times in three months.)) During vaccination and 6 months after it, drinking alcoholic beverages is PROHIBITED!!!

A little about rabid animals. These are mainly wolves and foxes, dogs and cats at home. IMPORTANT: in the initial stage of the disease, the animal does not growl or bite; it LOOKS towards the person, wags its tail and looks into the eyes. It is sleepy and lethargic. But at the same time it is already deadly! All he has to do is lick you and your timer starts counting down! Only after a couple of days it will become aggressive and begin to rush and bite.

Take care of yourself. To be continued.

Olgoy 27-01-2013 11:42

BOTULISM

This disease is caused by microbial poop, which for the sake of beauty is called botulinum toxin. Botulinum toxin is one of the most powerful natural poisons.

The bacterium itself lives quietly in the soil and does not bother anyone (even if you eat handfuls) unless provoked. A provocation is to put it in an airtight jar with home-made canned food or in a wound, if it is thoroughly covered with earth (there are some who like to cover wounds with clay, the old-fashioned method is the same. By the way, we’ll talk about tetanus ahead.)
Her rider: so that it is humid, warm and no oxygen. And then she gives you an incredible amount of this toxin.

Spore forms are able to survive for several hours at temperatures of 100 .C. So boil the jam, don’t boil it, the spores don’t care.

But there is a solution! Our answer is tyndalization!
Tyndallization is a method of sterilization proposed by J. Tyndall. It consists of fractional heating of liquids (usually for 1 hour) from three to five times at intervals of 24 hours. During this time, bacterial spores that survived at 100 °C germinate, and the vegetative bacterial cells that emerged from them die during subsequent heating.

Well, tell me, who has ever bothered with this at home, except J. Tyndall?!

Botulinum toxin is inactivated when boiled for more than 30 minutes.

Well, which of us boils the contents of home-canned food for more than 30 minutes?! Well, okay, even if we are talking about naval pasta. What about pickles? Jam? Adzhika?

By the way. There is an interesting moment: two people ate, say, pickled honey mushrooms from the same jar. One died by morning, but the other did not. Why, asks the prosecutor? But because the toxin in the contents of the canned food spreads by diffusion from the point at which the bacteria divide. Remember mold on bread? At first it is located in islands, and only then eats everything through. So here, one got such an island in his spoon, but the other didn’t.

The bacterium has one interesting property: when it releases a toxin, it produces a deafening fart. But we don’t hear this, because the banks are in the basement.)) But we can see the so-called. ""bomb"" - a swollen lid. Such canned food should not be eaten by yourself, it must be fed........(fill in as necessary).
Neither the taste, nor the color, nor the smell of the product changes due to the presence of bacteria and toxin in it.

In modern medicine, botulinum toxin is an active component of the Botox cosmetic product, which is used to smooth out wrinkles.
But if you want to use it to send your mother-in-law to the rainbow and say that she was poisoned by mushrooms, you will have to inject her with such an amount of the drug that she will sooner die from water intoxication. The concentration of toxin in the drug is extremely low.

The incubation period lasts on average 20 hours. The disease begins acutely with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Temperature up to 40*C. Patients complain of “fog”, “a grid before the eyes”, they have difficulty distinguishing nearby objects, reading is difficult or impossible. Muscle weakness is initially expressed in the occipital muscles, as a result of which the head hangs down and patients are forced to support it with their hands. The main cause of death in patients with botulism is acute respiratory failure.

With early administration of anti-botulinum serum, the prognosis is favorable. Without the use of modern treatment methods, the mortality rate can be 60%. It is not transmitted from person to person, which is obvious. Immunity is not formed.

Prevention: put a minimum of soil in home canned food, store only in the refrigerator, after opening, boil for more than 30 minutes before use.

That. It is clear that botulism is not transmitted to humans from wild animals, as well as from domestic, circus and zoo animals!

Trump 100 27-01-2013 13:49

IT WAS GIVEN TO ME ONE TIME FROM MY MOTHER-IN-LAW....

Guys, don't kiss your mother-in-law. Stay away from them as much as possible. God's curse...

You need to marry an orphan.

Olgoy 28-01-2013 12:39

TUBERCULOSIS

Tuberculosis (consumption) is a disease of people who drink a lot and spend little time in the fresh air, and sometimes of animals. As you know, tuberculosis was invented by Robert Koch and infected Chekhov with it.
Currently, 9 million people worldwide fall ill with tuberculosis every year, of which 3 million die from its complications. And this, as you understand, is treated!

In addition to the human variety of the stick, there are also bovine and avian species. They are the most dangerous for cattle and birds, respectively, but if you communicate for a long time and persistently with geese, for example, you will soon begin to cough in unison))

But in the entire history of medicine they have never really learned how to treat it.

Popular drug

Well, that is, they will treat, of course)), and some, they say, are even cured. But this is very long and unpleasant. But if the form is open, they can give you an apartment!

So vaccinations, vaccinations and vaccinations again! This is not a guarantee against infection, but the chances of infection drop significantly.
It is also necessary: ​​work and rest schedule, active games in the fresh air, good nutrition, non-smoking, etc.))

In a word, if you value your sanity and life, do not come close to coughing people and animals!

Filipok 28-01-2013 12:51

But if the form is open, they can give you an apartment!

your humor is dokhtatof spisfichsky

vadja2 28-01-2013 17:31

quote: He claims that if you look very carefully and in detail, you can see tubercles a millimeter or two in size.

Without a trichinelloscope, there’s no way around the forest. The device is suitable, it takes up almost no space, and it saves serious problems.
Thank you, doctor!

Filipok 28-01-2013 18:13

quote: Originally posted by vadja2:

The device is suitable, it takes up almost no space, and it saves serious problems.

Where's the son-in-law?

padrikus 28-01-2013 18:25

I found it in Russia, it costs about 3 sheets.

I have a suspicion that the “Helminthary” theme would have been more fun, and you could still add all sorts of pictures.

Filipok 28-01-2013 19:13

I saw it for 3, it’s cheaper to check in the lab.

These are scary books, about worms... Where is Viya compared to them.
ZY I called. He said that a couple of years ago they brought them from Russia, but then they cost something like $70. Tomorrow he will call the guy at the store, maybe there is something at a good price.
And in Khokhland you need to ask.

Olgoy 28-01-2013 21:47

It will also be about worms)) I’m telling you, there are 34 medical questions on the BGO list, and they haven’t even answered one yet.

Filipok 28-01-2013 21:57

quote: Originally posted by Olgoy:

and they haven’t even dismantled one yet.

Doc, I'm already trying!!!111
Where can I buy a bucket of bleach, nidoraga?
z.y. Can I just flirt a little so that it’s not so scary? You can delete it if it's too much.

While working on a tractor, in our department there was a folder on the computer of the same name, helmintharia, and we saved various information about them there. In the prevailing mass are video materials. At lunchtime, so to speak, as if we were looking through an aperetivchik, and into battle)

Filipok 28-01-2013 22:53

quote: Originally posted by padrikus:

the folder on the computer was of the same name, helmintharium

wow!!!111
with video cameras???

padrikus 28-01-2013 23:02

quote: In the prevailing mass are video materials.

Here.

quote: wow!!!111

then you need to: zhests!!!111adynadyn

Olgoy 29-01-2013 01:42

Additions, anecdotes and flood are welcome!))

Olgoy 29-01-2013 01:42

TULAREMIA

This is a Particularly Dangerous Infection of the national level.
Tularemia ranks third in danger (after plague and anthrax) among bacterial infections. A long and severe course, slow recovery (if you are lucky and the diagnosis is made on time and treatment is completed in time), as well as possible disability, make this disease a very, very serious opponent.

So, imagine: California, summer, the vicinity of Lake Tulare.

Two microbiologists from a local institute went to the lake to cool off during their lunch break. And suddenly they see a gopher on the shore. The gopher is clearly not himself. The gopher has all the signs of plague!!! The microbiologists turned pale and galloped off to put on anti-plague suits. In which they then caught this gopher, slowly sawed it, as is their custom, into small pieces and looked at each piece through a microscope. "But the king is not real!!!" This is how tularemia, the “small plague,” appeared.

The causative agent is a small bacterium. The carrier is any patient with tularemia. Most often these are rodents. In the warm season - blood-sucking insects: mosquitoes, horseflies, fleas, flies and other ticks.

Here are the main representatives:

All patients actively release the bacterium into the environment as part of their biological fluids. Simply put, one hare became infected, then another, then all the hares in a given area. Together, they crap all over the area and shit under every bush. And now we have an outbreak of the disease. “The SES brigade shouts “Hurray”! They are terribly happy!))"

The disease is transmitted in almost all possible ways:

Contact: we caught up with a hare and skinned it, petted a squirrel, swam in a beautiful forest lake or river, waded in a swamp, and then scratched an eye or wiped away snot, etc. etc.

The first type is fecal-oral. The difference is that you swallowed the pathogen and drank some water from a spring in which a mouse peed upstream. They cut the bread with a knife that was poorly washed after cutting up that hare. Or, on the contrary, they washed the knife well, but in the stream in which the mouse peed upstream.

Airborne: lying in a stack of contaminated hay, working in a grain farm with contaminated grain, etc.

Well, as already mentioned, for insect bites.

Accordingly, the signs of the disease will depend on the site of penetration of the pathogen: if infection occurs through the skin, then redness appears at the site of penetration of the microbe, then a carbuncle and subsequently an ulcer.

The nearby lymph nodes enlarge, become painful when pressed, and can fester and ulcerate (the same bubo appears, as in the plague. Because of this, they were confused at the very beginning).
This is an uninflamed bubo.

But it’s better, of course, like this!

Additional information:
Back in 1942, mice infected with tularemia were used against Paulus's troops. But without much success, because... they were infected with a simple natural strain. In the late 1970s, Soviet military biologists duly modified the tularemia microbe. Not only did they bring its virulence almost to the top (mortality in 100% of cases during infection), but they also inserted antibiotic resistance genes into it. Please carry out emergency antibiotic prophylaxis - nothing will work, our bacteria can withstand anything. In the 80s, production was put on stream and missile warheads were stuffed with bacteria. And where it all rusts now, no one knows.

BONUS:
Meat from forcedly killed diseased farm animals is used to make boiled sausages. If they didn’t keep track and the sick animal died on its own, they should bury it deeper than two meters. Well, as they say, thanks for that!))

sych.v 29-01-2013 02:06

Very useful topic, continue.))))

Neforo 29-01-2013 08:28

I'll read it with interest

vadja2 29-01-2013 11:47

quote: Originally posted by Neforo:

I read it

Just read it. Silently. At least try not to make a mistake here out of your “nice” habit.

Olgoy 29-01-2013 13:20

The double is in 151))

Neforo 29-01-2013 13:29

If only there was something in the topic that offended the national people. or watered the question then of course would be of some use, but...
But I’ll sign there too, in case they say something worthwhile.
ZY vadja2

Olgoy 29-01-2013 13:36

Who is personally responsible for conducting a trichinelloscopic examination of a wild boar carcass?
1 - hunters who received wild boar carcass meat
2 + hunt leader
3 + hunters, who, at their request, are delegated the right to submit samples for examination
4 - all hunters who participated in the hunt

Olgoy 29-01-2013 13:37

What documents need to be submitted to veterinary laboratories for trichinelloscopic examination?
1 - passport
2 - coupon for transportation of hunting products for a one-time permit for wild boar hunting
3 + none

Olgoy 29-01-2013 13:38

Is it possible to eat wild boar meat before receiving the results of a trichinelloscopic examination?
1 - possible, if in this hunting area no case of trichinosis in wild boars has been registered in recent years
2 - it is possible if the boar has no visible manifestations of the disease during cutting and gutting
3 - it is possible if you boil or fry the meat well and drink alcohol before eating
4 + not possible

Olgoy 29-01-2013 13:38

What should be done with the carcass (fragments of the carcass) of a wild boar if a veterinary laboratory reveals that it is infested with Trichinella larvae?
1 - boil or fry meat products at high speed
2 - throw away
3 - feed to pets
4 + return these products in full to the user of the hunting grounds for neutralization

Olgoy 29-01-2013 13:39

How is a wild boar carcass (carcass fragments) infected with Trichinella larvae disinfected?
1 - buried to a depth of 1 m
2 + is buried to a depth of at least 2 m
3 + burned in specially adapted furnaces
4 - fed to domestic animals

Olgoy 29-01-2013 13:41

What disease is indicated by the discovery of watery blisters on the liver, lungs and other internal organs during gutting and cutting up a boar carcass?
1 - sparganosis
2 - Finnoz
3 + echinococcosis
4 - trichinosis

Neforo 29-01-2013 13:55

quote: Originally posted by Olgoy:
return these products in full to the user of the hunting grounds for neutralization

what if it’s public?

vadja2 29-01-2013 13:59

By the way, I tried everyone, but there are no cheap trichinelloscopes anywhere.
I will do some searching in Ukraine and Poland.

sych.v 29-01-2013 14:40

echinococcosis

What kind of attack is this?

vadja2 29-01-2013 14:54

quote: echinococcosis

Judging by the title, it’s also something close to [censorship worked, asked not to write like that again]. The doctor will tell you, I think so.

Olgoy 29-01-2013 15:34

quote: I tried everyone, but there are no cheap trichinelloscopes anywhere.

There are veterinary laboratories in all major markets. Maybe it’s easier this way?)) However, I couldn’t find the cost of the analysis and the time to carry it out. Well, there are some experienced people in the subject who can help, I hope!))

Olgoy 29-01-2013 15:35

SPARGANOSIS

This rare disease occurs as a result of the penetration of flatworm larvae into tissues, the adult representatives of which live in the intestines of cats and dogs. (Doghunters, go ahead!)) Well, more wolves and foxes.

Human infection occurs through consumption of water from reservoirs where the larvae live, or contaminated raw meat of mammals and birds. Or when applying infected tissues of snakes and frogs for medicinal purposes (!) to ulcers, wounds, infected mucous membranes of the eyes. Apparently this is why the disease is quite rare. I've never even heard of such eccentrics. They are slowly dying out, apparently.

Signs of the disease depend on the location of the larvae, which form small “nodules” in any part of the body, but more often - near the eyes,
in the subcutaneous tissue, muscles of the chest, abdomen, thighs. The larvae can crawl under the skin, causing inflammation and painful swelling; when the larva dies, the tissue around it dies and falls out in pieces.

Alternatively, the larva becomes overgrown with a capsule and calcifies. We have already looked at this process. The worms reach a length of 250 cm and a width of up to 12 mm.

Treatment is surgery. Cut it out, sew it up, remember it for the future. You can also feed the client anthelmintic drugs, but then the larva will die in the tissues and there will be an abscess. Or it will become commonplace and remain as a keepsake for you. Depending on your luck.

In 1998, the first case of sparganosis was registered in Belarus - in a 66-year-old resident of Gantsevichi, who contacted an oncologist at the district clinic with complaints of a tumor formation and periodic pain in the upper third of the right leg. She considered herself sick since 1990, when, while relaxing in a sanatorium in the Kaliningrad region, she injured her right shin, after which she took mud treatments in a natural reservoir. After 2-3 months, a pea-sized swelling was discovered at the wound site, which increased over the years. Periodically, she felt pain in the area of ​​her education, especially pronounced when putting on and taking off tights, so the woman had to get used to wearing trousers.
In 1993, when the “nodule” sank by 1-2 cm, I turned to a surgeon for the first time. The doctor prescribed conservative treatment with heparin ointment. In 1998, at the insistence of the patient, in the district clinic, under local anesthesia, the skin over the “tumor” was cut and a helminth 10 cm long was removed. During the period of illness, it moved under the skin around the lower leg.

The conclusions are obvious:
1) Don't drink raw water.
2) Do not apply frogs to wounds.

Filipok 29-01-2013 17:06

quote: Originally posted by Olgoy:

However, I did not find the cost of the analysis and the time to carry it out. Well, there are experienced people in the subject, I hope they can give you some advice!))

Doc any whim
http://www.belhunter.org/forum....html#msg263687

Olgoy 29-01-2013 17:58

ATP)) Well, why suffer with a trichinelloscope if everything is so simple?!
Tea is not BP!!

vadja2 29-01-2013 18:14

quote: Originally posted by Olgoy:

However, I did not find the cost of the analysis and the time to carry it out

There are no problems with this at all. And it never happened. This is a little off topic.

quote: Well, why suffer with a trichinelloscope if everything is so simple?!

The point is that it often happens that you stay overnight, but you want to eat right away. This is exactly what it is needed for.
It’s not uncommon for the cabbage to be dismantled and the shurpa to be cooked. We drank and ate. The meat will be taken to the laboratory, of course... But in the morning of the next day.

vadja2 29-01-2013 18:44

Why go far? On December 24th, my friend Yura (Dima knows him) caught 2 small pigs - the licenses froze, and they just closed them. My birthday was on the 25th, then back and forth and New Year. In short, I brought him to the laboratory already in the new year. During this time, the shurpa was cooked three times...
Anything can happen, but this matter is a lousy joke.
But the topic is good, no question.

Fr 29-01-2013 22:05

A veterinarian I know is against it and argues this way: wherever there is blood flow there can be larvae. Those. They don’t live in the liver, but you can catch them while passing through.

what do you think?

Humanoid 29-01-2013 22:14

quote: In humans, the appearance of symptoms of rabies INEVITABLY leads to death.

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee_protocol

vadja2 29-01-2013 22:32

quote: Originally posted by Humanoid:

Milwaukee_protocol

You have no idea how encouraging this has been to the local community! It turns out there is nothing to be afraid of now. This is great news; all that remains is to decide how to get to the US hospital after the onset of clinical manifestations.

Olgoy 29-01-2013 23:02

quote: And again, the liver - should I fry it or not?
A veterinarian I know is against it and argues this way: wherever there is blood flow there can be larvae. Those. They don’t live in the liver, but you can catch them while passing through. What do you think?

The a-naturel larva is MUCH more defenseless than it is, but in an already formed capsule. EMNIP dies at t=100*C in half a minute. And in no other tissues, except for the striated muscles, the larva does not form a capsule. So aggressively frying finely chopped liver will most likely kill them. Or thoroughly boiling, again, finely chopped liver. As well as other tripe.

P.S. Die or take risks? I would take the risk. Is it a shame to open a can when everyone is eating fresh shurpa or take a risk? I wouldn't risk it.

Olgoy 29-01-2013 23:11

quote: Milwaukee Protocol

Minsk Protocol:
there was a guy who once ran across Nezalezhnastsi Avenue during rush hour and didn’t even get scratched. He did this: he let the first car pass in front of him, jumped over the second, crawled under the third, jumped into the fourth from the passenger side, jumped out through the driver's door, and in the oncoming lane did it all in reverse order.
And now he recommends it to everyone. Out of 50,000 attempts per year, over the past 20 years - 4 successful.

Humanoid 29-01-2013 23:37

quote: , over the past 20 years - 4 successful ones.

But it’s not “INEVITABLE”, is it? Only manifestations of life inevitably lead to death.

padrikus 29-01-2013 23:54

So I didn’t claim that three sheets is an edge. This is the first thing Google came up with.
If you search on all sorts of ebays and the like, you might be able to fit it into the list.

SCHAAN 30-01-2013 01:35

quote: Originally posted by Olgoy:
Well, let's start in this order.

RABIES
Rabies (obsolete - hydrophobia, hydrophobia) is a fatal infectious disease caused by the rabies virus.

The rabies virus causes specific encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) in animals and humans. It is transmitted through saliva when bitten by a sick animal (or person. Hello, Zombie, New Year!).

But wait! By calling us within 11 minutes, you will get a chance for salvation!!!
Prompt vaccination after exposure to the virus usually prevents the development of symptoms and cures the person. Vaccination is combined with the introduction of anti-rabies serum or anti-rabies immunoglobulin deep into the wound and into the soft tissue around it.
(Naturopathic anti-vaxxers, yay!)

Over time, there was a mistake in vaccination. You can get vaccinated after 10 days. This is from the practice of working at a research institute.

Olgoy 30-01-2013 04:07

quote: Oh and terrified TS!

The vehicle is just warming up!!!

SCHAAN 30-01-2013 18:22

quote: Originally posted by Olgoy:

I did not work in a specialized research institute))
Please provide details of correct behavior!!!

10 days to observe the animal, if possible. If not, then within 10-14 days for vaccination, otherwise “boots for the icon.”

sych.v 30-01-2013 18:42

quote: 10 days to observe the animal, if possible. If not, then within 10-14 days for vaccination, otherwise “boots for the icon.”

I was bitten by a mongrel in the yard, well, as usual, the “little rat” ran after him, yapping and yapping, well, I was a fool, I thought she wouldn’t have enough courage... in short, I underestimated her, and she bit through my pant leg along with my leg, and then turned into a dot . Previously, maybe I didn’t even bother to smear it with brilliant green, but now there’s the Internet! And there are such things as TS, in short, in the morning I visited a rabies specialist, that’s what a rabies doctor is called. In short, the dog you know says, I say no, of course, well then he says we’ll shoot up according to schedule. BUT if you meet a dog on the street ten days after the bite, you don’t have to come for the second injection, because... Dogs infected with rabies do not live more than 10 days. Two weeks later, I met a “rat” on the street, running through the yard about its business, how glad I was to meet you!))))))

padrikus 30-01-2013 22:00

You people are strange, as if the Internet is replacing the brain? I read, thought, decided.
After all, no one forces you to go on the Internet and read all this and do exactly that.

"...You're not interested, don't bother me...." (c) KP

petrerm 01-02-2013 23:11

I will subscribe for development.
With respect to the community.

DivanRanger 02-02-2013 19:59

Archival and interesting topic! TS my respect!

Novac 03-02-2013 18:14

I'll subscribe, thanks!

dikiy 04-02-2013 05:49

quote: Originally posted by Filipok:
I saw it for 3, it’s cheaper to check in the lab.

We have one check of a bear in the lab costs 1.1 thousand. But more reliable. Tested using artificial gastric juice.

shanoby 04-02-2013 14:10

I immediately associated the title of the topic with something venereal

dikiy 04-02-2013 15:02

By the way. A long time ago, there was a topic in Hunting about trichonellosis. So a colleague told how people from hunger devoured a trichineal bear. And successfully

SOLOD134 04-02-2013 15:46

I'll check in

T_Guld 05-02-2013 20:00

Constructive topic. Only TS has gone somewhere.

Olgoy 05-02-2013 23:47

Everyone doesn’t get around to it, don’t blame me. Tomorrow I'll post another thread or two))

Fr 06-02-2013 01:05

Special respect to the topicstarter for the title of the topic!

"he fried her like trichinosis in a frying pan"

Olgoy 06-02-2013 12:25

quote: Topics can be read in their entirety

Or you don’t have to read it at all.)) Mandatory inspection, if the result is positive, destruction. The rest is from the evil one.

quote: "he fried her like trichinosis in a frying pan"

But it still wasn't cooked through...

Olgoy 06-02-2013 14:46

ECHINOCOCCOSIS

So, today in our studio Echinococcus.
Another flatworm, with the assertion that man is a biological dead end!
This is him. The outermost segment (with eggs) can break off and crawl on its own.

The worm lives in the intestines of dogs, wolves, jackals, and foxes. That is, all those who had the imprudence to eat meat or entrails of animals infected with echinococcus larvae. But we will talk mainly about dogs, because... Of all the spreaders of the disease, they are the ones closest to humans. All the patients operated on for echinococcosis of the liver and brain, whom I had to use, were not hunters. But they all loved dogs.))

The larva in the dog's stomach emerges from the capsule, moves into the intestine, drives hooks into the intestinal wall and turns into echinococcus itself. This is a small worm, up to one centimeter long, and it doesn’t bother the dog much. Therefore, she completely calmly continues to live next to you, excreting worm eggs in her feces.

Human infection occurs when these eggs are ingested. In the stomach, a larva begins to develop from the egg, which, at the initial stage of its development, pokes through the intestinal wall and, with the flow of blood and lymph, spreads throughout the body, getting stuck in its various corners. It gets stuck and begins to grow into a capsule, forming a cyst. And since no one eats a person, it turns out that the larva will never get into anyone’s intestines and will not turn into a mature worm. For this she dislikes the person and calls him a “biological dead end.”

However, exactly the same situation occurs with other herbivores and omnivores (sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, horses, etc.). All of them can in the same way swallow worm eggs with water, grass, feed, etc.
Life cycle of Echinococcus.

Separately, I would like to note that your dog may not be sick at all, but simply carry worm eggs on his fur if he has previously played with an infected bob. Then you stroked yours, then licked your finger while turning the page. And yeah...
Full belly of cysts.

Let's continue the educational program.
As you all probably know, in the human body there are two main filters through which all the blood is pumped and which clean it of everything unnecessary. These are the liver and lungs. Of course, there are also kidneys, but to get to them, you need to overcome the first two. Therefore, the larvae of echinococcus most often settle and begin to farm in them. And besides the liver and lungs, the larvae really love Brains-and-and-and!!!
Echinococcus cyst (left) between the hemispheres of the brain.

The disease lasts for years and decades.
The larva slowly grows into a capsule, slowly produces a specific liquid in which it floats around the capsule, and slowly this whole complex grows. The disease does not have any special symptoms. Somewhere there is weakness and lethargy, somewhere some kind of allergy will slip through, it’s almost impossible to guess. The problem is discovered either by accident, during a routine examination (most often an ultrasound of internal organs and a chest x-ray), or when symptoms of compression of the corresponding organ appear.

And I must note that over the long years of partisan existence, an echinococcal cyst manages to grow in volume to several liters, up to 10. Can you imagine? It's like stuffing a standard enamel bucket into your stomach. The similarity is enhanced by the fact that the cyst capsule consists of chitin, like the shell of a beetle. But such a disregard for one’s health is of course rare; cysts are usually detected at a size of ten centimeters in diameter.

When located in the liver, pain of varying intensity appears in the right hypochondrium, a feeling of heaviness, pressure, weakness, malaise, fatigue, decreased activity, sometimes allergic reactions, jaundice. There is an enlargement of the liver.

When an hydatid cyst is located in the lung, chest pain, cough, and shortness of breath occur.

When the brain is affected by echinococcus, headache, dizziness, and vomiting are observed. Paralysis, paresis, mental disorders, and convulsive seizures are possible.

3) blood circulation is sharply disrupted, the skin after warming up becomes blue-purple, sometimes black, the blisters are filled with dark brown blood fluid; In the first days, a complete loss of sensitivity is detected in the area of ​​frostbite, then severe pain appears. The bubbles burst on their own.

4) is accompanied by necrosis of not only soft tissues, but also bones.
We will not discuss the fourth degree in detail. This is PC, and, as you know, it is incurable. You just need to take the victim to the hospital, where everything unnecessary will be cut off.

Otherwise, the problem that is most often discussed in connection with frostbite is: to warm or not to warm?

The point is this: the more superficial tissues, along with the capillaries, have frozen, but the deep vessels are still working. If at this moment you start heating the skin from the outside (a fire, a hot bath, a sauna, etc.), it will turn out that the most superficial cells will warm up and, as usual, require blood supply to deliver oxygen and nutrients; the exchange inside the warmed cells will begin to work. But between the revived cells and deep vessels there still remains a layer of unheated cells and non-functioning capillaries. No blood will flow. And the warmed cells will quickly die from oxygen starvation.

Therefore, in cases of second and third degree frostbite, it is not recommended to heat outside. It needs to be from the inside. Then the heat, gradually spreading from the deep vessels, will revive only those cells that can immediately receive everything they need for life and repair. Thus, it is more profitable to keep the surface cells in suspended animation, losing some of them, than to warm them up quickly and lose them all.

With the first degree of frostbite, there is practically no such problem. There is no frozen layer between living deep and warmed surface tissues.

Obviously, the question comes down to determining the degree of frostbite. There's a problem with this. Just like with burns, the extent of the damage can only be determined after a day. There are no reliable signs of the degree of frostbite during the initial examination. We have to focus on indirect ones: temperature, humidity, wind, age, duration of exposure to cold, general condition of the body.

So the guideline is experience and common sense.
In any case, warming from the inside is mandatory; sweet hot tea, coffee, soup, any hot liquid is correct.

Regarding rubbing:
the first degree must be rubbed. Whatever you want, except snow and rough materials. You can use your hands, woolen mittens, or other soft and preferably warm objects. From the periphery to the center.

But there is no need for snow and ski gloves. It's an abrasive. You will erase the entire surface layer of skin and damage the underlying frozen capillaries. And when heat from the inside reaches these capillaries and tissues, there will be no one to use it. Plus infections. Plus, snow itself is cold and using it to warm up somehow contradicts physics.

That. First stage we will drink tea in a hot bath by the stove. The second and third - we drink tea, apply a heat-insulating bandage so that heat does not come from outside and is not lost from inside. And we quickly go to the hospital.

Regarding alcohol:
Everyone agrees that alcohol dilates blood vessels and therefore increases the flow of blood, and therefore heat, to the affected area. Nevertheless, all recommendations prohibit drinking.

The truth, as usual, is somewhere nearby.
If a frostbitten client was taken to a warm room, dressed in dry and warm clothes and given hot tea, then why not drink some. I emphasize - a little. Guided by common sense, and not by reasoning “who has what standard.” Again, arriving at the hospital drunk is not in your favor. They may then not pay sick leave and fire you from work. And it’s humanly unpleasant to treat drunk people.

If the client is still lying cold and wet under a bush and still needs half a day to drag him to the hut, then it is better not to drink. This is the case when we increase heat loss from the body and aggravate the situation.

As an example, I will give a case from personal practice.
A 17-year-old boy celebrated New Year with friends. He drank well, had fun and went home at night to the neighboring microdistrict through a large wasteland. On the way, I fell a couple of times, but I got up and continued walking, and didn’t lie down. About an hour later I reached home and went to bed. And in the morning he was brought to our hospital.
Attention question:
what could have happened in this ordinary, generally speaking, situation?

And this is what happened: the guy walked without gloves and it is clear that when he fell, he stuck his hands in the snow. The snow was melting on my hands, and the wind was blowing across the wasteland. The alcohol made him feel nothing. He arrived and calmly went to bed.

All fingers on both hands were amputated.
Not a single phalanx remained. A young, healthy guy. Not an alcoholic, not a smoker. Disabled at 17 years old.

So a frivolous, “urban” attitude towards frost is very fraught.

Little things:
Taking aspirin will be useful for any degree of frostbite. The goal is to slow down the thrombosis of small vessels and “thin” the blood. Reduce pain.
If you are bandaging your hand, bandage each finger separately and/or place napkins between them.
There is no need to open the bubbles.

CONCLUSIONS:
1) Proper layered clothing, hat with ears, scarf (+ spare set).
2) Not tight, warm shoes, correct insoles.
3) Mittens.
4) Movement, tea and other heating pads.
5) Self- and mutual control.

Wits 07-02-2013 10:33

Frostbite is really scary, I’ve frozen my hands myself (good thing it’s not like in the picture) and I’ve repeatedly seen black ears, that’s where the fear lies

Olgoy 07-02-2013 11:00

quote: black ears, that's where the fear is

This is bullshit. Ears are vestigial. Or atavism. I always confused them 1 + carry out initial treatment of the wound and immediately consult a doctor (surgeon, traumatologist) to prescribe vaccinations
2 - treat wounds with tincture of iodine, apply a bandage
3 - squeeze out the blood and cauterize the wounds with gunpowder
4 - if there are no wounds, wash hands and other parts of the body that came into contact with the sick animal with soap and water.

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:09

Which parts of the animal's body are sent to the veterinary laboratory for testing for rabies?
1 + head (brain)
2 - tongue, neck and chewing muscles along with salivary glands
3 - stomach and liver with gall bladder
4 - lungs, heart

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:10

Providing first aid for burns:
1 + apply snow, ice or a cold compress to the burned area

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:11

Providing first aid to a drowning person:
1 + clean your mouth and throat from dirt and mud
2 + place the victim with his stomach on his knee, empty the stomach and respiratory tract of water
3 + perform artificial respiration
4 + take the victim to the nearest medical facility

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:11

In what cases are hunting products subject to mandatory radiation monitoring?
1 + if hunting products were obtained in a zone of subsequent resettlement, a zone with the right to resettlement or a zone of residence with periodic radiation monitoring, as well as in the adjacent hunting grounds at a distance of 10 km
2 + if hunting products were obtained in areas where cases of exceeding permissible levels of radioactive contamination of such products were previously established
3 - only at the personal request of the hunter
4 - if hunting products were obtained on the territory of the Gomel or Mogilev region

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:12

How are samples taken to test for radioactive contamination of game animal carcasses?
1 + pieces of 30 - 50 g in the area of ​​the 4th - 5th cervical vertebrae, shoulder blade, thigh and thick parts of the spinal muscles
2 - pieces of 30 - 50 g from the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs
3 - pieces of 30 - 50 g from the fat layer

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:13

First aid for burns?
1 + apply snow or a cold compress to the burned area
2 - in case of a severe burn, open the blisters and apply a bandage
3 - lubricate the burned area with a solution of potassium permanganate, unsalted fat or Vaseline

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:13

What should be the total mass of the muscle tissue sample for radiological examination?
1 - 0.2 - 0.3 kg
2 - 0.4 - 0.5 kg
3 + 0.5 - 1.0 kg
4 - over 1.5 kg

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:14

7 + give plenty of fluids

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:15

Which laboratories conduct testing of game meat products for radionuclide content?
1 + radiological laboratories of forestry authorities
2 + radiological laboratories of state sanitary inspection bodies
3 + veterinary laboratories
4 - laboratories for individual dosimetric monitoring

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:15

What diseases are transmitted to humans from wild animals?
1 + rabies
2 - botulism
3 + trichinosis
4 + tuberculosis
5 + tularemia

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:23

What dangerous diseases for humans are found among game animals?
1 + rabies
2 + trichinosis
3 + finnoz
4 - classic swine fever

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:23

How is help provided for a snake bite?
1 - apply a tourniquet above the bite site
2 - stop bleeding from the wound
3 + squeeze blood and poison out of the wound
4 - cauterize the wound with a hot metal object
5 - sprinkle the wound with gunpowder and apply a bandage
6 + treat the wound with a disinfectant solution (iodine, potassium permanganate, etc.)
7 + give plenty of fluids

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:24

How do people become infected with trichinosis?
1 - upon contact with the skin of a wild boar infected with Trichinella larvae?
2 + when eating raw meat products prepared from a wild boar carcass infected with Trichinella larvae
3 + when consuming thermally processed meat products prepared from a wild boar carcass infected with Trichinella larvae
3 - when cutting a wild boar carcass infected with Trichinella larvae, if there are scratches or other skin damage on the hands

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:25

What should be done with the meat products of a game animal if its radiation contamination is detected above permissible standards?
1 - if the norm is slightly exceeded, soak and boil the meat products twice, draining the water, and then eat
2 + if the norm is slightly exceeded, soak for 24 hours, then submit it again to the laboratory for testing
3 - throw away or feed to pets
4 + return these products in full to the user of the hunting grounds

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:25

Possible routes of infection with tularemia?
1 + through blood-sucking insects
2 + when swimming in bodies of water
3 + when cutting carcasses of hunted animals
4 + when spending the night in a haystack
5 + when consuming meat of wild ungulates

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:26

Which parts of a wild boar carcass are subject to selection for testing for trichinosis in a veterinary laboratory?
1 + diaphragm legs and diaphragm itself
2 + intercostal, cervical, lumbar, calf muscles
3 + muscles of the tongue, chewing muscles
4 - liver, lungs, heart

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:27

In what cases is harvested game subject to mandatory monitoring for radionuclide content?
1 - only ungulates
2 - waterfowl only
3 + in an area with periodic radiation monitoring
4 + in a zone with the right to resettle
5 + in the subsequent resettlement zone
6 - in all cases

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:27

What should be the total weight of a sample of muscle tissue from a wild boar carcass delivered to the veterinary laboratory for testing for trichinosis?
1 + 0.2 - 0.3 kg
2 - 0.4 - 0.6 kg
3 - 0.7 - 1.0 kg
4 - over 1.0 kg

Olgoy 06-03-2013 12:34

Well, yes, slowly. What to do..?))

strazhok 06-03-2013 11:17

can I ask a question?

quote: How is help provided for a snake bite?
1 - apply a tourniquet above the bite site
2 - stop bleeding from the wound
3 + squeeze blood and poison out of the wound
4 - cauterize the wound with a hot metal object
5 - sprinkle the wound with gunpowder and apply a bandage
6 + treat the wound with a disinfectant solution (iodine, potassium permanganate, saline solution, etc.)
7 + give plenty of fluids

How about making an incision at the site of the bite for stronger blood flow along with the poison?

Or is it contraindicated?

tam73 06-03-2013 16:51

I apologize for being off-topic -

And for the rest of the exam topics, are there any similar cool threads?

So that instead of dry words you get a fascinating story, like here...

Olgoy 06-03-2013 23:36

quote: And for the rest of the exam topics, are there any similar threads?

Unfortunately no. And most likely it won’t. Because the remaining topics are taught by Belgosohota specialists, who are already overloaded beyond reason. In addition, they all believe that the cadet himself must find the answers to the test questions. Counterarguments are brushed aside.

It is obvious that if the courses become, and they will become, mandatory, changes will come and the confusion that precedes them.))

strazhok 07-03-2013 13:42

Tell me about the cut for a snake bite, please

Trichinosis is becoming more and more relevant throughout the world. The pathogen, Trichinella spiralis, behaves very differently, depending on the location. Sometimes a person may not even suspect the presence of Trichinella in his body, and the animal may be clinically healthy.

The larva can remain in the muscles for years in the encapsulated stage without causing concern. However, there may be another turn of events. Animal trichinosis, transmitted to humans, causes damage to both the muscular system, leading to atrophy, and the nervous system.

The greatest danger to human infection is meat and slaughter products. A special role in this is played by pigs and wild boars, whose meat is preferred by humans as a food product.

Animal susceptibility

Susceptible to trichinosis: wild boars, dogs, cats, horses, bears, wolves, badgers, foxes, hedgehogs and other omnivores. An interesting fact is that horses were included in this list, but, for example, beavers were not included. Both the horse and the beaver are animals that do not eat meat. However, horses are required to add meat and bone meal to their diet, and if it is not prepared properly, it can be a source of infection and the horse can get sick. But the beaver is an animal that feeds exclusively on plant food, so disease is impossible in the natural environment. But, the trends of recent years are such that beaver fur is becoming more and more in demand and artificial breeding and cultivation is moving to an industrial basis.

Infection occurs through eating contaminated meat

Since meat and bone meal improves the structure of the hair, adding it to the beaver’s diet is very appropriate. Beavers are fed with compound feeds, which usually also contain meat and bone meal, and this is another reason to suspect infection in beavers.

In addition to fur, beavers produce “beaver stream”, which is used in medicine and in perfumery, so beavers need to be bred. Beaver meat is edible, which is why sometimes their carcasses come under suspicion. Statistics show that trichinella has never been found in beaver meat. Therefore, human infection is impossible. The fact is that the official instructions for trichinosis do not provide for compressor diagnostics of beaver meat, this may be precisely the reason.

The causative agent of trichinosis dies when the temperature reaches 65ᵒC in the thickness of the muscles. This suggests that whatever meat we prefer as food, it must be well cooked.

But salmonellosis, a very common disease transmitted to humans from beavers, and the first symptoms of the disease are very similar. Apparently, it was this fact that led to the misconception that human infection comes from beavers.

The first signs of human infection with trichinosis usually appear 4-6 days after infection.

Mechanism of infection and development cycle

Animals and humans become infected when meat infested with Trichinella larvae enters the gastrointestinal tract. After 2-4 days the larva unfolds and becomes sexually mature. On average, females live 40-50 days, but the male dies after fertilization. During her short life, the female is capable of producing about 1,500 larvae, which migrate with the blood and lymph flow into the muscles of the trunk, tongue, larynx, intercostals, and chewing.

It is in these favorite places of localization that the instructions call for looking for the pathogen when conducting a veterinary and sanitary examination of the meat of pigs and wild boars.

Once in the muscle, the larva twists into a spiral and becomes covered with a capsule. There is also Trichinella pseudospiralis, which does not form a capsule, but constantly migrates in the muscle, making it incapacitated.

Signs of infection

The clinical picture depends on the intensity of the animal's invasion. Symptoms can be either characteristic (muscle damage) or similar to other diseases: fever, swelling, diarrhea, vomiting.

In humans, the same signs can be observed in the first few hours after eating affected and poorly cooked meat, then the picture can be hidden and become chronic.

Diagnostics

In some countries, such as the United States, trichinosis is not diagnosed. Their scientists believe that it is impossible to diagnose trichinosis using the compressor method and the method of digestion in artificial gastric juice. But statistics also show that in countries where diagnostics are not carried out, the percentage of patients with trichinosis is much higher.

In the post-Soviet countries, intravital diagnostic methods have already been developed and are being widely implemented. For this purpose, the study is carried out by enzyme immunoassay of blood serum taken from the animal. This is mainly how porcine trichinosis is diagnosed.

During the veterinary and sanitary examination of a pig or wild boar carcass, a compressor examination of muscle sections and favorite localization sites is carried out. And with the help of microscopic examination, the presence or absence of larvae is determined. For the study, 48 sections the size of an oat grain are selected and each section is examined. It is precisely because very little material was selected for the study that many scientists believe that such diagnostics are imperfect.

In meat processing plants, diagnostics are carried out by digesting selected muscle samples in artificial gastric juice. After digestion of simultaneously taken samples from 50-150 carcasses, the sediment is examined under a microscope.

Thanks to this diagnosis, a person cannot become infected through meat products purchased at the market or prepared industrially.

In most cases, trichinosis is associated with consumption of wild boar meat.

Boar hunting is a completely different matter. When a killed wild boar is often gutted right in the forest, it is there that the tasting takes place, cooking over a fire. In this case, the person may become infected.

It is also unacceptable to consume corned beef or frozen wild boar meat without prior heat treatment. Infection can occur even if the meat has been frozen for several years.

It is unsafe to buy meat at a spontaneous market without preliminary diagnostics. Before consuming wild boar meat, it is also necessary to conduct laboratory tests to identify Trichinella larvae.

Providing assistance

If within 2-3 days after eating supposedly infested meat signs of infection appear, then at this time the drug can still help the person. By using mebendazole or thiobendazole, according to the instructions for the drug, the larva can be destroyed in the human gastrointestinal tract before it enters the bloodstream or lymphatic channel.

Experienced hunters are aware of the dangers of using untested wild boar carcasses for culinary purposes. In hunting farms, on the pages of periodicals on hunting topics, explanatory work is constantly being carried out on how to behave in the event of an unforeseen situation.

If time is lost and the symptoms continue to increase, then the above drugs will no longer be able to reach the larva. Further, only symptomatic treatment is carried out. Painkillers, glucocorticosteroids, and anti-allergenic drugs are used for treatment.

Carrying out preventive and educational work among hunters, livestock breeders, cooks and the population in general is a very good method to prevent the occurrence of trichinosis.

Many people think that the warning from experts that a dead wild boar or beaver can be more dangerous than a living one seems, at least, funny. Meanwhile, this is true: during a fight, a living animal can injure only one, or at most several people, but a dead one can infect a large number of those who taste dishes prepared from its meat with trichinosis. What kind of disease is this and what are the risks of contracting it?

Features of the disease

Trichinosis is an acute helminthiasis that affects mammals. It is also dangerous for humans. Differs in severe clinical manifestations. It is not uncommon for a person to become unable to work after suffering from an illness. But the worst thing is that infection with trichinosis can cost a person his life.

The cause of this disease is Trichinella. These are very small worms, almost thread-like, photos of which can be seen on the Internet if desired. Adults can be from one and a half to 1.8 millimeters in length, with a width of only about 0.05 mm.

Soon after the larvae enter the human body and the bloodstream spreads them throughout the body, a person may experience:

1. Muscle pain.
2. High eosinophilia.
3. Fever.
4. Skin rashes.
5. Swelling of the face.

1. Lungs.
2. Myocardium.

Today, trichinosis is treatable, but just 100 years ago, entire families died from it. After all, the meat of an infected animal, for example a wild boar, does not differ from the carcasses of healthy animals either in appearance, smell, or color. But just one gram of it can contain up to 200 larvae.

Analysis

Impressive, isn't it? But it’s very easy to avoid all the troubles that trichinosis can cause: you need to check the animal’s meat for the presence of helminths. Moreover, it is necessary to check the material from both wild animals and domestic ones: data on contamination indicate that trichinosis larvae were found both in samples of badgers, beavers, bears, wild boars, wild birds, as well as horses, domestic pigs, and chickens submitted for analysis.

But in order to conduct a study, it is necessary to provide the taken material to a laboratory (this can be a sanitary and epidemiological station or a veterinary laboratory, which is available in every market). Moreover, the entire carcass must be provided for inspection, since sampling for inspection is carried out in different parts of it. These are the parts where blood circulation is best developed. These include:

1. Chewing muscles.
2. Language.
3. Diaphragm.
4. Intercostal muscles.

Why are these particular places on the animal carcass so important for research? Because if an animal is infected, these are the areas where most of the larvae are located, where they are carried into the bloodstream.

For examination, pieces weighing about 60 grams are cut off. Next, sections are separated from each sample. their size does not exceed the size of an oat grain. For example, meat for testing from a wild animal is divided into 72 sections. The material in domestic animals is divided into 24 sections. Then the selected slice is placed on the glass of the compressorium. The top is covered with another glass. After this, the material is crushed using special screws. Now all that remains is to examine the sample under a trichinelloscope or a special microscope.

But such a procedure is not only very complicated, but also not always possible - it is often a long way to get to the laboratory. In addition, you will need to explain where the meat was taken, whether there are documents for shooting the animal, if it is game, in general - nothing but problems. Therefore, most people eat barbecue at their own risk, stew meat on a fire right in the forest after a hunt, or at home, hoping that it will carry through. What you will have to pay for such frivolity is described above.

Home analysis

But what should those who cannot deliver the carcass of an animal killed during a hunt for laboratory testing do? And the point is not at all that I didn’t want to carry it - there are times when it is impossible to do this. For example, hunters spend months on the land while harvesting fur-bearing animals and are sometimes separated from civilization by several hundred kilometers. They consume meat from hunted animals without inspection.

There is a solution for such cases: you can purchase a special device - a compact microscope. It's called a portable trichinelloscope. Below are its main characteristics:

1. One battery of this device can operate for 60-65 hours.
2. Weight with packaging – 0.7 kg.
3. The dimensions of the device are 24.0x7.3 cm.
4. Service life – 3 years.
5. The temperature at which the device can operate is from +50 to – 20 degrees.
6. There are quite powerful devices, the magnification factor of which is 50, but if you wish, you can buy a trichinelloscope, the power of which is 200.

Thanks to this, rapid analysis of meat can be carried out at home or in the field - it all depends on whether it was hunting or slaughtering, for example, a pig at home.

Of course, the cost of such a device is not very small. But if you consider that its presence will help preserve health (and, sometimes, life), then such a price is not so high. In addition, several people can purchase a compact microscope, for example, neighbors or those who go hunting together. Then the cost of the device will be affordable to almost anyone.

What should you look for when self-testing for trichinosis using this device? The capsules must be found. They can be oval or round in shape. There should be triangular-shaped fat deposits on their periphery. There is usually a larva inside. Using a 1% methylene blue solution can improve the ability to view the larvae. If there is very little limestone on the capsule, 5% hydrochloric acid should be added to the cut. Just two or three drops are enough to determine whether the material is infected.

In addition, when doing analysis at home, you need to be very careful not to confuse the capsules of trichinosis larvae with:

1. Air bubbles. The larvae vary in size. In addition, they have a well-defined black border.
2. Concretions. They differ in shape and size. It is necessary to clarify the obtained data after using NS1.
3. Sarcocysts, which are distinguished by the internal structure of a mesh-like appearance and elongated shape.
4. Immature Finns. They are oval shaped and larger.

To avoid mistakes, one microscope device is not enough - you definitely need to know the “enemy in person”, that is, study well the photos on the Internet depicting helminths of this species. Moreover, you need to pay attention to those where the larvae are removed from the meat in order to have an idea of ​​what it looks like in life.

In laboratories, artificial gastric juice is sometimes used for analysis. The muscles dissolve in it. You can carry out such a check on the meat of an animal, for example, a beaver, if you purchase this material in advance and take it with you on a hunt.

If during the analysis it was possible to find only one larva, the entire carcass will have to be disposed of. Moreover, with the head and esophagus. In this case, experts recommend using only internal fat and internal organs for food.

Thus, examining the carcass of a hunted or slaughtered domestic animal is not something simple. And if you consider that the lives of those who will cook and eat meat products depend on the quality of the inspection, then it is better to entrust this matter to professionals, although this does not give a 100% guarantee: there have been cases when, even after tasting fresh meat that has passed the inspection, wild boar, bear, beaver, people became infected with trichinosis larvae. This is because it is very difficult to detect Trichinella, especially in the initial stages, even using the most modern equipment. Taking this into account, it is necessary to cook the meat, subjecting it to high-quality heat treatment and not eating it half-raw, so experts do not recommend cooking rare steak.

In addition, in order to avoid infection with trichinosis, in order to preserve health and nerves, it is not advisable to purchase raw meat products at spontaneous markets: even the documents provided there are not a guarantee of the quality of the inspection and do not indicate that the certificate was received for the carcass that is in sale.

Slaughtering livestock or hunting requires adhering to a number of rules, but hunters or farmers do not always check boar meat for trichinosis (or the carcass of any other animal). Such carelessness can lead to serious health problems or death. Modern technologies allow you to conduct your own examination of the carcass for the presence of contamination far from the laboratory.

How does infection occur and what is the frequency of infection?

More often, trichinosis affects a group of people. For example, after a large family or company has eaten meat from one sick animal, symptoms appear in all members of the feast. They become infected with raw meat or insufficiently processed meat dishes. Cooking meat by salting or smoking does not kill all the larvae. Groups of people experience symptoms of the disease during the hunting season, and farmers and people from rural areas - in the fall, during the slaughter of livestock and the preparation of meat supplies. Recently, cases of poaching have become more frequent, so visits to the doctor with symptoms of trichinosis are not so strongly tied to the season of the year.

Having settled in human muscles, Trichinella larvae begin the process of destruction. After 4 weeks, a strong capsule is formed around each of the larvae, which makes it possible to live in the human body for several years. A few days after infection with trichinosis, a person begins to experience:

Which animals are most often infected?

More than 100 species of animals (land and sea) can be carriers of trichinosis, which can be harmful to human health. Since humans are highly susceptible to this disease, a few grams of meat from a sick animal is enough to become infected. In most cases, Trichinella is found in bear or boar meat. Trichinosis is common in the following wild animals:

• wolf;
• badger;
• seal;
• whales;
• foxes;
• lynx;
• squirrel;
• marten;
• mink;
• ferret.

The viability of Trichinella in wild animals persists for years.

When consuming aquatic vegetation and water that contains the remains of infected birds, moose and roe deer get sick. Hares become infected by eating the remains of birds or other small land animals during cold winters. Cats and dogs, pigs, chickens and ducks can be susceptible to this disease due to human fault. Rarely, manifestations of trichinosis are found in sheep and horses, which most likely become infected through dirty water.

The device consists of the microscope itself, a lighting device, a special mirror capable of focusing the light of the sun and allowing it to work without an illuminator, a compressor (transparent glass plates with two screws at the edges, allowing the sample to be placed for further research).

This device is very convenient to use at home.